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Moreno, L. M., E. Muñoz Prieto, and H. Casanova. "Flocculation with Chitosan of Microalgae Native of the Colombian Plateau. (Floculación con quitosano de las microalgas nativas de la altillanura Colombiana.)." CIENCIA EN DESARROLLO 6, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01217488.3646.
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AbstractMicroalgae are an attractive feedstock for biofuel production. Low harvesting cost upholds the use offlocculation as initial dewatering step. Two freshwater microalgae (Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp.)native from the Colombian plateau, with low/medium biomass concentrations, were selected for this study. The effects of pH, Z-potential and flocs size in dictating the behavior of chitosan as flocculant, were evaluated. This study found that the optimal flocculation efficiency of microalgae was determined at pH 7.0, besides the zeta-potential was positively correlated with the flocculant dose. The zeta-potential increases positively with a flocculant dose. The Chlorella sp. is smaller than the Scenedesmus sp. but requires a little more dose of flocculant, this aspect is due to the nature of the flocculant solution and not the size of the studied microalgae. It was observed that for Chlorella sp., chitosan coagulation shifted the flocs size from 2-4 μm to 70-80 μm, with 1.0 ml of the 40 ppm chitosan solution. The flocculation with chitosan can yield compact flocs and accelerate the settling. For Scenedesmus sp. the flocs size was shifted from 3-4 μm to 60-70 μm and less percentage in the flocs volume. Flocculation response of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. is different in comparison to that of Chlorella. The flocculant dose required is greater, although the percentage of flocculation is also higher and the flocs size is only slightly larger. Further work is needed to confirm these observations. ResumenLas microalgas son unas atractivas cepas de pienso para la producción de biocombustibles. Los bajos costos para cosecharlas, soportan el uso de la floculación como paso inicial para la extracción del agua. Dos tipos de microalgas de aguas frescas: Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., nativas de la meseta colombiana, con una concentración de biomasa baja/media, fueron seleccionadas para este estudio. Se evaluaron los efectos potenciales del pH, Z y los tamaños de los flóculos, en la determinación del quitosano como floculante. Este estudio halló que la eficiencia óptima para la floculación de las microalgas se logra con un pH 7.0, además, el potencial zeta fue correlacionado positivamente con una dosis del floculante. La Chlorella sp., es menor que la Scenedesmus sp., pero requiere una dosis un poco mayor de floculante, este aspecto se debe a la naturaleza de la solución floculante y no al tamaño de las microalgas estudiadas. Se observó que para la Chlorella sp., la coagulación del quitosano cambiaba los tamaños de las madejas, de 2-4 µm a 70-80 µm, con 1.0 ml de la solución de quitosano 40 ppm. La floculación con quitosano puede producir flocs compactos para una operación más rápida. Para la Scenedesmus sp., las dimensiones de los flóculos cambiaron de 3-4 µm a 60-70 µm y menor porcentaje en el volumen de los flocs. La respuesta de floculación de la microalga Scenedesmus sp., es diferente a la Chlorella. La dosis requerida de floculante es mayor, aunque el porcentaje de floculación es más elevado y las dimensiones de los flóculos solo son un poco mayores. Se requiere más trabajo para confirmar estas observaciones.
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Castro, Juan C., J. Dylan Maddox, Segundo L. Estela, Hicler N. Rodríguez, María Z. Casuso, Jae D. Paredes, and Marianela Cobos. "Caracterización in silico y análisis de la expresión de la subunidad alfa de la acetil-coenzima a carboxilasa heteromérica de dos microalgas." Acta Biológica Colombiana 24, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v24n2.74727.
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Las microalgas son microorganismos fotosintéticos con gran potencial para abastecer las demandas energéticas mundiales. Sin embargo, los limitados conocimientos que se tienen de estos organismos, en particular a nivel molecular de los procesos metabólicos, han limitado su uso con estos propósitos. En esta investigación se ha realizado el análisis in silico de la subunidad alfa de la acetil-Coenzima A carboxilasa heteromérica (αACCasa), una enzima clave en la biosíntesis de lípidos de las microalgas Chlorella sp. y Scenedesmus sp. Asimismo, se ha medido la expresión de este gen en ambas especies cultivadas en medios deficientes de nitrógeno. Los resultados indican que la αACCasa muestra conservación estructural y funcional en ambas especies de microalgas y su mayor similitud genética con otras especies de microalgas. Asimismo, se ha mostrado que el nivel de expresión del gen se incrementa significativamente cuando las microalgas son cultivadas en ausencia de nitrógeno, lo cual se relaciona a su vez con una mayor acumulación de lípidos microalgales. En conclusión, el análisis in silico de la αACCasa de Chlorella sp. y Scenedesmus sp. presentan características estructurales, funcionales y evolutivas muy similares con otras especies de microalgas y plantas. Asimismo, el estudio revela que en ambas especies el gen se sobreexpresa cuando las microalgas son sometidas a estrés por deficiencia de nitrógeno, el cual se relaciona significativamente con la acumulación de lípidos totales en estas células.
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Morais, Michele Greque de, and Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa. "Perfil de ácidos graxos de microalgas cultivadas com dióxido de carbono." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 32, no. 4 (August 2008): 1245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542008000400032.
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As microalgas são consideradas fontes potenciais de diversos compostos químicos. Os ácidos graxos obtidos da biomassa podem apresentar efeitos terapêuticos em humanos e podem ser usados para produção de biodiesel. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho verificar o conteúdo lipídico e o perfil dos ácidos graxos das microalgas Spirulina sp., Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella kessleri e Chlorella vulgaris cultivadas em diferentes concentrações de dióxido de carbono e bicarbonato de sódio. A microalga Chlorella kessleri cultivada com 12% de CO2 apresentou a maior concentração de lipídios na biomassa seca (9,7% p/p). A máxima concentração de ácidos graxos insaturados foi 72,0% (p/p) para C. vulgaris cultivada com 12% de CO2. Para os ácidos graxos saturados o maior valor encontrado foi 81,6% (p/p), quando a microalga Spirulina sp. foi cultivada com 18% de CO2 e 16,8 g.L-1 de bicarbonato de sódio.
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Martínez, Janet Bibiana García, Fiderman Machuca-Martinez, and Ingri Y. Cardenas-Gutierrez. "Protocolo para el mantenimiento de cepas y escalamiento en la producción de microalgas de interés industrial." INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD 23, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): e10673. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v23i1.10673.
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Scenedesmus sp. & Chlorella sp., son dos microalgas aisladas de termales localizados en Norte de Santander, las cuales son estudiadas con el fin de explorar su potencial biotecnológico. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo diseñar un protocolo mediante la evaluación de dos factores, el efecto de stress por radiación lumínica y el tiempo de incubación mediante el escalonamiento del cultivo desde Caja Petri en Medio de cultivo Bold basal (BBM) con un tiempo de incubación de 15 días a un tubo Falcon de 15 mL con 10 mL de medio líquido y fue en esta parte donde se evaluó el parámetro de tiempo de incubación, por último fue escalado a un fotobioreactor utilizando un volumen de trabajo de 200 mL, empleando el mismo medio de cultivo con el fin de analizar las variables estudiadas se empleó un diseño de experimentos de superficie compuesto, central, no factorial en el software STATISTICA 7.0, a partir del cual se obtuvo una ecuación lineal que permitio determinar el tiempo de incubación y fotoperiodo óptimo para una mayor producción de microalgas y como resultados se determinó que en la microalga Scenedesmus sp. los dos factores influyen en la producción de carotenoides; para Chlorella sp. no influye el tiempo de incubación y el fotoperiodo es fundamental en la producción de estos metabolitos.
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Subía, Soledad, and Rodolfo Jefferson Rubio Aguiar. "Evaluación de biomasa de microalgas de la laguna Limoncocha como materia prima para la obtención de biocombustibles." Enfoque UTE 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v9n2.199.
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Se determinaron las mejores condiciones experimentales para la producción y evaluación de la biomasa de microalgas provenientes de Limoncocha con el objetivo de comprobar la factibilidad de uso en la obtención de biocombustibles. Se dio seguimiento a diferentes cultivos con el fin de obtener la cinética de crecimiento de las microalgas y establecer el rendimiento con el que se producen a escala de laboratorio controlando las diferentes variables que intervienen en dicho proceso. Una vez obtenida la biomasa en los fotobiorreactores se caracterizó para conocer su composición y contenido de lípidos. La productividad para el primer consorcio Vischeria/Scenedesmus sp fue de 0,088 g L-1 dia-1 alcanzando un total de 5030000 cel/mL y para el segundo consorcio Chlorella/Monoraphidium Contortum sp fue de 0,091 g L-1 dia-1 con un total de 5537636 cel/mL. Para la composición lipídica por el método Soxhlet usando una mezcla de cloroformo/metanol como solventes, se obtuvieron resultados de 16 % de lípidos totales para el consorcio de Vischeria/Scenedesmus sp y 42% para el consorcio de Chlorella/Monoraphidium Contortum sp.
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Pereira, Elizandra Ribeiro de Lima, Vilma Barbosa da Silva Araújo, Evandro Bernardo de Lira, Virgínia Maria Magliano Morais, Cristiane Francisca da Costa Sassi, Hélder Formiga Fernandes, Marcos Barros de Medeiros, Roberto Sassi, and Petrônio Filgueira de Athayde-Filho. "Bioprospecção de espécies de microalgas regionais do Nordeste do Brasil para aplicação na produção de biocombustíveis." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 7, no. 16 (2020): 809–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas(2020)071624.
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Apenas um número relativamente modesto de microalgas tem sido investigado a respeito da sua capacidade de produção de óleo e outros produtos de interesse biotecnológico. Foram avaliadas diferentes espécies de microalgas dulcícolas isoladas de diferentes tipos de ambientes aquáticos da região Nordeste do Brasil, quanto a sua capacidade de crescimento, produção de biomassa e composição bioquímica. As espécies foram cultivadas em meio sintético e seu desenvolvimento foi acompanhado por contagem de células e por análises de fluorescência in vivo, mantidas sob condições controladas de luz e temperatura até a fase estacionária, quando os experimentos foram interrompidos e a biomassa seca foi obtida por liofilização. Os resultados mostraram diferentes resultados no crescimento e composição bioquímica das espécies, com altos teores de carboidrato e produtividade em Scenedesmus obtusus (D209WC), Selenastrum gracilis (D458WC) e Xanthonema sp. (D464WC), com valores em 35,93%, 35,79% e 47,16%, respectivamente. Quanto ao perfil lipídico, Actinastrum hantzschii (D467WC) e Pediastrum duplex (D511WC) apresentaram um teor elevado de ácidos graxos saturados (48,04%, 48,03%), e Scenedesmus quadricauda (D125WC) destacou-se pelo alto perfil de ácidos graxos saturados (51,26%) e monoinsaturados (27,08%). Os melhores teores de produtividade lipídica foram registrados para Selenastrum gracilis (D458WC) (23,65%), Pediastrum boryanum (D231WC) (23,07%), Coelastrum sp. (D193WC) (22,20%) e Synechocystis sp. (D331WC) (21,35%). As microalgas também foram avaliadas quanto à extração e quantificação de compostos fenólicos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, como também, determinação da atividade antioxidante através do sequestro dos radicais DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil) e ABTS + (2,2’-azinobis(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico)), concluindo que as dez cepas possuem uma boa atividade antioxidante frente aos métodos utilizados, com destaque para Scenedesmus quadricauda (D125WC), que apresentou valores máximos em relação às demais espécies. Considerando-se o rápido crescimento, produtividade, considerável teor lipídico e de carboidratos, melhor perfil em ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados e demais análises Scenedesmus quadricauda (D125WC), Selenastrum gracilis (D458WC), Coelastrum sp. (D193WC) apresentam-se como possíveis fontes de matéria-prima para produção de biodiesel.
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Chicaiza Ortiz, Cristhian David, José León Chimbolema, Sofía Godoy Ponce, Ginno Alvarado Ávila, and Angel Chicaiza Ortíz. "Ensayos de laboratorio para la obtención de biomasa algal en un fotobiorreactor dicontinuo." Revista Científica y Tecnológica UPSE 8, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.26423/rctu.v8i1.541.
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La viabilidad económica y energética de procesos basados en el uso de biomasa de microalgas requiere un sistema de cultivo eficiente. La obtención de biomasa algal se genera con base en la capacidad para crecer relativamente rápido, recolectarse a diario y cultivarse en estanques de tierra o fotobiorreactores cerrados que ocupan tierras de cultivo marginales. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue producir biomasa algal en un fotobiorreactor discontinuo a escala laboratorio. El equipo contó con 15 litros de capacidad, lámparas LED de 841.91 Lx distribuidos en 6 cilindros de acrílico. El cultivo se realizó por tres semanas. Los primeros tres cilindros contuvieron cepas de Chlorella vulgaris los otros tres Scenedesmus sp. Para el control de tiempo de exposición a la luz, se usó un temporizador, programado en fotoperíodos de 12 horas luz y 12 horas de oscuridad, se suministró dióxido de carbono (CO2) atmosférico al cultivo a través de una bomba de aire con un caudal de 0.0378 cm³ de CO2 /s, se realizaron también controles diarios de pH, ajustándolo a un rango entre 7.5 y 8.5, al igual que los valores de absorbancia, medidos a 750 nm, para evaluar el crecimiento de las microalgas. La biomasa fue sedimentada en recipientes de 20 litros, el sobrenadante fue retirado, la biomasa húmeda se centrifugó por 6 minutos a 840 rpm, conservando únicamente el pellet. Como resultado, las muestras liofilizadas conservaron las propiedades de la biomasa seca: 6.59 g de C. vulgaris y 9.74 g de Scenedesmus sp., las 2 muestras se guardaron en refrigeración, se concluyó que existe que hubo mayor producción de C. vulgaris frente a Scenedesmus sp.
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Julich, Jennifer, Eliana Betina Werlang, Maria Viviane Gomes Muller, Gabriela De Amorim Da Silva, Fabio De Farias Neves, and Rosana De Cassia de Souza Schneider. "Estudo da hidrólise enzimática de biomassa de microalga empregando uma sequência de enzimas." Revista Jovens Pesquisadores 9, no. 2 (July 6, 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/rjp.v9i2.13519.
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O emprego de microalgas para desenvolvimento de produtos está em pleno desenvolvimento considerando a composição de diversas espécies e a adaptação das mesmas ao meio de cultivo. Neste trabalho realizou-se o estudo da hidrólise enzimática da biomassa da microalga considerando a potencialidade de produção a partir de cepas de Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., e Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) empregando uma sequência de enzimas composta de duas amilases e dois complexos de celulases. Para tanto, foi realizado inicialmente a caracterização das espécies, seguindo-se o estudo com a Spirulina, que apresentou 40,02 % de carboidratos e mais que a metade do teor em amido (24,95 %) se mostrando promissor o seu uso para a otimização da hidrólise enzimática. Os melhores resultados de conversão foram encontrados com 12 FPU da enzima CTec2 enquanto que foi com 6,9 FPU da enzima HTec2, alcançando próximo a 100 % de rendimento. Desta forma pode-se concluir que a hidrólise empregando uma sequência de enzimas, alfa-amilase, glucoamilase e celulases mostrou-se eficiente para a microalga Spirulina, mostrando a viabilidade de aplicação da biomassa para o desenvolvimento de outros produtos, tornando a produção de matéria prima para etanol mais renovável.
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Parra Rivera, Paula Milena. "CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN RECURSO EDUCATIVO PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE MICROALGAS ORIENTADO A ESTUDIANTES DE GRADO CUARTO DEL INSTITUTO PEDAGÓGICO NACIONAL." Revista Bio-grafía Escritos sobre la biología y su enseñanza 10, no. 19 (December 12, 2017): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.17227/bio-grafia.extra2017-7264.
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El presente trabajo de grado, tuvo como objetivo construir un recurso educativo para la enseñanza de microalgas orientado a estudiantes de grado cuarto del Instituto Pedagógico Nacional situado en la ciudad de Bogotá, para ello se realizó la siembra de dos taxones de microalgas: Chlorella sp. y Scenedesmus sp, proporcionadas por la Línea de Enseñanza Aprendizaje de la Botánica de la Universidad PedagógicaNacional. Atendiendo a lo anterior, este trabajo se desarrolló bajo el enfoque de investigación mixto, lo cual logró un análisis con mayor profundidad a partir de los instrumentos utilizados, posibilitando el contraste frente a las ideas previas y lo que aprendieron los estudiantes alrededor de las microalgas y sus funciones vitales, a partir de lo anterior se diseña una cartilla denominada “conociendo el mundo microscópico”, donde se abordaron diferentes temáticas, desde el buen uso del microscopio hasta las funciones vitales desarrolladas por estos organismos. Dentro del contexto educativo y de la misma enseñanza de la biología, se posibilitó el aprendizaje y la comprensión de varios conocimientos de la vida unicelular en los estudiantes de grado cuarto y de igual manera se potencializó actitudes procedimentales frente al uso adecuado del microscopio y aspectos actitudinales como la participación y escucha activa en clase.
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Rosales, A. G., C. D. Rodríguez, and M. Ballen-Segura. "Remoción de contaminantes y crecimiento del alga Scenedesmus sp. en aguas residuales de curtiembres, comparación entre células libres e inmovilizadas." Ingeniería y Ciencia 14, no. 28 (November 23, 2018): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.14.28.1.
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Las aguas residuales de curtiembres conllevan un problema ambiental y de salud, debido a las altas concentraciones de contaminantes como el cromo, sulfuros, entre otros. Una forma de realizar el tratamiento de estas aguas es por medio del uso de microorganismos tales como las microalgas, debido a su capacidad de utilizar los compuestos inorgánicos y acumular metales y otras sustancias contaminantes. Esta capacidad podría verse magnificada con la inmovilización celular en diferentes matrices. En este artículo se presenta una evaluación de la capacidad de crecimiento y de remoción de nitrógeno, fósforo y cromo por parte de la microalga Scenedesmus sp., comparando la eficiencia entre las células libres e inmovilizadas en una matriz de esponja de Luffa. De esta manera, se obtuvo un mayor crecimiento en las células libres en comparación a las inmovilizadas, aunque sin diferencias significativas entre ambos experimentos. En ambos casos se observaron remociones superiores al 90% para NO–3 , NH+4, PO34 y cromo total, así como una reducción importante de la DBO y DQO (> 97 %) que puede deberse a efecto sinérgico con las bacterias presentes en los cultivos de la microalga. Finalmente, los porcentajes de lípidos en ambos casos fueron superiores al 20% indicando que esta biomasa podría presentar un alto potencial como materia prima para la generación de biodiesel.
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Hernández Acevedo, Hanna Elizabeth, Leenin Flores Ramos, and Anthony Ruiz Soto. "Ácidos grasos en cepas de microalgas del Banco de Germoplasma de Organismos Acuáticos del Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE)." Revista Peruana de Biología 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i3.15356.
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Se determinó la composición de ácidos grasos de 54 cepas microalgales colectadas del Perú y mantenidas en el Banco de Germoplasma de Organismos Acuáticos (IMARPE) con la finalidad de determinar su uso nutricional en la acuicultura. Para ello se realizaron cultivos en un volumen de 50 mL y se determinaron los porcentajes relativos de ácidos grasos mediante transesterificación directa y cromatografía de gases. En el grupo Chlorophyta las microalgas que presentaron los mayores valores de porcentaje relativo de ácidos grasos fueron Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (16:0; 41.2%), Scenedesmus obtusus (18:1n-7; 33.6%), Acutodesmus dimorphus (18:1n-9; 37.1%), Desmodesmus armatus (18:3n-3; 32.2%) y Tetraselmis contracta (16:4n-3; 16.5%). En cambio en el grupo Bacillariophyta, los ácidos grasos más abundantes fueron 16:1n-7 en Chaetoceros didymus (20.2%), 18:4n-3 en Navicula sp. (28.3%) y EPA en Asterionellopsis sp. (31.5%). Por otro lado, en el grupo Dinophyta, todas las cepas superaron el 20% de DHA, en particular, la cepa de Akashiwo sanguinea presentó el mayor porcentaje relativo de este ácido graso (29.9%) y de los ácidos grasos 16:0 (24.8%) y EPA (16%). Se discute el uso de estas cepas según su contenido de ácidos grasos.
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Guarin-Villegas, Estefanía, Linda Maciel Remolina-Páez, Johanna Patricia Bermúdez-Castro, Sandra Oriana Mogollón-Londoño, Jefferson Eduardo Contreras-Ropero, Janet Bibiana García Martínez, and Andrés Fernando Barajas-Solano. "Efecto de la relación carbono/Nitrógeno en la producción de carotenoids en microalgas." INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD 22, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v22i1.8686.
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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determiner el efecto de la relación Carbono/Nitrógeno en la producción de biomasa y carotenoides totales en una cepa de Scenedesmus sp. Inicialmente, se evaluaron tres fuentes de carbono diferentes (carbonato de sodio, bicarbonato de sodio y acetato de sodio) bajo diferentes concentraciones de una fuente de nitrógeno (nitrato de sodio) en reactores tubulares de 250 ml. Los reactores fueron operados a 25°C durante 40 días en un ciclo de luz:oscuridad de 12:12 horas y un flujo continuo de aire. De acuerdo con los resultados se encontró que mediante el ajuste de la concentración de la fuente de carbono y nitrógeno, es posible aumentar la concentración de biomasa hasta 0.8 g/L. Por otra parte, mediante la regulación de la concentración de carbonato de sodio y nitrato de sodio, el contenido final carotenoides totales se incrementó dos veces (de 0.3 a 0.66% p/p). Los resultados de este estudio muestran que, al ajustar las concentraciones de la fuente de carbono y de nitrógeno es posible obtener un aumento interesante en la biomasa final y la concentración de carotenoides totales. Finalmente, es importante resaltar que se debe estudiar el efecto de otras estrategias como la luz, la salinidad y el pH, junto con la relación C/N para obtener un método adecuado que lleve a las celulas hacia un estress metabolico y mejore así la síntesis de carotenoides en Scencedesmus sp.
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Muluye, Abebe, Berhanu Sali, Blien Bahta, Birtukan Melese, Bethel Girma, Misrak Kebede, Muluken Kebede, and Arumuganainar Suresh. "Potential of Human Urine as a Nutrient Medium for the Biomass Production of Microalga Scenedesmus sp." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (September 14, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.3.1.409.
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Microalgae have value-added chemicals, but their biomass production is costly due to the expensive nutrient chemicals. Meantime human urine (HU) is considered wastewater and has basic nutrients for autotrophs. This study tested the potentials of being cheaply available in HU as a nutrient source for the biomass production of microalga Scenedesmus sp. HU was collected, sterilized, and made different dilutions. Microalga of Scenedesmus sp., was isolated from the urine contaminated site, purified, inoculated into the HU medium, and incubated under Sunlight for 7 days at 25 °C. The maximum growth was observed in 15 % HU as 0.795 OD670nm with 0.57 g/L biomass production with a significant difference (p<0.01). The productivity of 81 mg/L/day was reached. The concentrated urine of more than 20 % was not supporting the growth of microalga. This study concluded that human urine can be used as a nutrient medium for microalgae growth at certain dilution.
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Sarwa, Prakash, and Sanjay Kumar Verma. "Identification and Characterization of Green Microalgae, Scenedesmus sp. MCC26 and Acutodesmus obliquus MCC33 Isolated From Industrial Polluted Site Using Morphological and Molecular Markers." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2017): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i4.18083.
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Two unicellular green microalgae, were isolated from Amani Shah Nallah (Jaipur, India) that receives discharge of dyeing industries. Preliminary morphological characterization using light microscopy showed ovoid, fusiform shape of cells with single to two celled coenobia in a culture suspension. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses depict abundant chloroplast located at the periphery of the cell, a pyrenoid as well as nucleus is visible in the centre. A well developed cell wall with many layers is also evident in TEM. Phylogenetic position and genetic variabilty among the isolated microalgal strains were investigated by 18S rDNA sequence analysis. The results suggest that the isolated microalgae belongs to family chlorophyceae and corresponds to genus Scenedesmus and genus Acutodesmus. Growth profile of both microalgal strains showed a typical sigmoid curve with specific growth rate of µmax, 0.839 day-1 and 0.654 day-1 for Scenedesmus sp. and Acutodesmus obliquus, respectively. The strains were allotted with MCC numbers by IARI, New Delhi as MCC26 for Scenedesmus sp. and MCC33 for Acutodesmus obliquus.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 415-422
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Pérez Silva, Karen Rocío, Asly Michell Vega Bolaños, Luisa Carolina Hernández Rodríguez, David Alejandro Parra Ospina, and Miguel Ángel Ballen Segura. "Uso de Scenedesmus para la remoción de metales pesados y nutrientes de aguas residuales para la industria textil." Ingeniería Solidaria 12, no. 20 (October 1, 2016): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/in.v19i20.1418.
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Introducción: El artículo es producto de investigación derivado del proyecto “Uso de aguas residuales como sustratos alternativos para la generación de biomasa microalgal” desarrollado por el semillero de investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental y Bioprocesos SIIAB de la universidad Sergio Arboleda y ejecutado durante el año 2015. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar del uso de la microalga Scenedesmus sp. como herramienta de tratamiento de las aguas residuales industriales producidas en una empresa de textiles ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá, que presentan altas concentraciones de metales pesados, aluminio y nutrientes inorgánicos, los cuales pueden alterar la calidad de los cuerpos de agua superficiales o subterráneos. Metodología: Durante la investigación se evaluaron tres diluciones diferentes del agua residual (100, 50 y 20%) para el valorar el efecto que podría presentar el efluente industrial sobre el crecimiento de la microalga en un periodo de tiempo de 15 días. Resultados: Se obtuvo un mayor crecimiento de Scenedesmus en el agua sin diluir (concentración 100%) alcanzando reducciones de aluminio (88,8%), cromo (85,2%), nitratos (99,8%) y nitritos (99,9%) y en menor medida de la carga orgánica (25.2%). Conclusiones: La microalga Scenedesmus sp. exhibió un papel de ficorremediación sobre las aguas residuales de la industria textil, las cuales pueden ser utilizadas como sustratos alternativos para la generación de biomasa microalgal.
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SANITHA, MARY, SUDHAKAR RADHA, ANWAR ALIYA FATIMA, SELVARAJU GAYATHRI DEVI, and MOHANDASS RAMYA. "Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Three Freshwater Microalgal Strains." Polish Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 4 (2014): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2014-052.
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Microalgal transformation has gained interest in recent years. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation remains as the most efficient method for the development of transgenic plants and microalgae due to its wide host range, inexpensive procedure and transfer of large segments of DNA. In the present study, three different microalgal species were isolated from freshwater environment and identified based on the morphological characteristics and ITS-2 region amplification. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was successful for the isolates Chlorella sp., Ankistrodesmus sp and Scenedesmus bajacalifornicus. Gene integration and expression was confirmed by PCR amplification of hptII and GUS histochemical assay. A. tumifaciens contamination was checked by amplification of npt II gene (kanamycin resistant) which lies outside the T-border. Based on GUS assay, transformation efficiencies were found to be 12.25% for Chlorella sp. 2.96% for Scenedesmus bajacalifornicus and 3.5% for Ankistrodesmus sp.
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Scherer, Marisa Daniele, Marcelo Castro Perreira, André Bellin Mariano, and José Viriato Coelho Vargas. "AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DE FLOCULAÇÃO E AMBIENTAL DA RECUPERAÇÃO DA BIOMASSA DE MICROALGAS CULTIVADAS EM FOTOBIORREATORES COMPACTOS INDUSTRIAIS." Revista Gestão & Sustentabilidade Ambiental 5, no. 1 (May 12, 2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/rgsa.v5e1201692-118.
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Neste artigo foram avaliados a eficiência de floculação e ambiental dos agentes floculantes: sulfato de ferro (FeCl3), hidróxido de sódio (NaOH), hidróxido de cálcio (Ca(OH)2) e sulfato de alumínio (Al2(SO4)3). Para a análise de eficiência de floculação foram realizados testes para determinar a melhor concentração de cada agente floculante para a espécie Scenedesmus sp., e para a avaliação ambiental foi realizado a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) com auxílio do software SimaPro 7.3 utilizando o método CML 2000. Os resultados indicaram que o FeCl3 e Al2(SO4)3 foram altamente eficazes para a recuperação da biomassa microalgal e os mesmos apresentaram menor impacto ambiental, porém, ao se utilizar o FeCl3 verificou-se a imediata mudança de coloração da biomassa após adição do sal para um tom forte de laranja, o qual pode ser associado à presença do ferro, e o uso do Al2(SO4)3 pode comprometer o uso da biomassa devido alguns autores associa-lo com a ocorrência da doença de Alzheimer, ficando restrita a aplicação da biomassa recuperada através deste processo para fins nutricionais, portanto, para esse trabalho notou-se que o NaOH apresentou menores emissões em praticamente todas as categorias analisadas do CML 2000, exceto para depleção abiótica e ecotoxicidade terrestre, no entanto, foi considerado o agente floculante padrão dessas análises, uma vez que promoveu a coagulação com valores tão eficientes quanto 93,5% e com o melhor perfil ambiental entre os agentes floculantes que não causaram alterações visíveis de cor na biomassa, juntamente com o acoplamento de tecnologias de floculação e centrifugação para obtenção da biomassa úmida e floculação e secagem térmica para biomassa seca. Os resultados mostram que é importante considerar tanto os aspectos de eficiência da floculação quanto impactos ambientais para identificar os melhores coagulantes em escala industrial. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários com coagulantes naturais, como a quitosana que é fabricado a partir de resíduos de pesca sendo uma alternativa para melhorar o perfil ambiental do processo, assim como a utilização do tanino, entretanto, essas sugestões precisam ser analisadas futuramente.
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Wang, Jing Han, Hai Zhen Yang, and Feng Wang. "Mixotrophic Cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. as Biodiesel Feedstock." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.268.
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Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. Microalgal biodiesel can be obtained under three major cultivation modes, namely, photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Reported studies of microalgal biodiesel production are mainly based on photoautotrophic cultivation, mixotrophic cultivation has rarely been researched. This paper compared the biomass productivity, lipid content, and lipid productivity of Scenedesmus sp. under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Glucose was added as organic carbon source at five concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0% glucose w/v). Results displayed that microalgal growth was significantly improved in glucose supplied cultures. Synergetic effect of photoautotrophy and heterotrophy existed in all mixotrophic cultures. Highest biomass productivity of 1.307 g·L-1·d-1 and highest lipid productivity of 316 mg·L-1·d-1 was respectively observed under mixotrophic cultivation with 5.0% and 1.0% (w/v) glucose addition. Lipid content of Scenedesmus sp. under mixotrophic cultivation was mostly higher in stationary phase than in exponential phase. Highest lipid content of 27.73% was observed in 1.0% mixotrophic culture, followed by 24.66% in 1.0% heterotrophic culture.
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Ahmad Latiffi, Nur Atikah, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Najeeha Mohd Apandi, and Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim. "Application of Phycoremediation Using Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. as Wastewater Treatment in Removal of Heavy Metals from Food Stall Wastewater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1168.
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This paper represents the results of using phycoremediation technology in treating the wastewater produced from food stall activity by using microalgae of Scenedesmus sp. in removal of heavy metals. Phycoremediation has advantages over physic-chemical approaches as it is can completely degrade organic pollutants without destroy the surrounding flora and fauna. Aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of microalgae Scenedesmussp to assimilate the pollutant load based on the optimum time and concentration. Characteristics of food stall wastewater need to be identified and analyse before phycoremediation process taken place. The wastewater sampling was collected at food stall during peak time i.e. at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. to be injected to the batch reactor based on five (5) different concentration cells. The results shows that the optimum removal of heavy metals are dominant by concentration no. 1 (C1) compare to other concentration in the treatment i.e. removal of Ferum by 88.22% and 69.63%, Copper by 60% and 53.85% at both sampling time while removal of zinc is dominant by concentration no.4 (C4) by 75.61% and 76.63% respectively.
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Zhang, Tian-Yuan, Yin-Hu Wu, and Hong-Ying Hu. "Domestic wastewater treatment and biofuel production by using microalga Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 12 (April 2, 2014): 2492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.160.
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Cultivation of microalgae for biomass production is a promising way to dispose of wastewater and recover nutrients simultaneously. The properties of nutrient removal and biomass production in domestic wastewater of a newly isolated microalga Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 were investigated in this study. Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, grew well in both the primary and secondary effluents of a wastewater treatment plant during the 21-day cultivation, with a maximal algal density of 3.6 × 106 and 1.9 × 106 cells · mL−1, respectively. The total phosphorus concentrations in both effluents could be efficiently removed by over 97% after the cultivation. A high removal rate (over 90%) of total nitrogen (TN) was also observed. After cultivation in primary effluent for 21 days, the lipid content of Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 in dry weight had reached about 32.2%. The lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) production of Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 was increased significantly with the extension of cultivation time. The TAG production of Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 increased from 32 mg L−1 at 21 d to 148 mg L−1 at 45 d in primary effluent. All the experiments were carried out in non-sterilized domestic wastewater and Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 showed good adaptability to the domestic wastewater environment.
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Anele, U. Y., W. Z. Yang, P. J. McGinn, S. M. Tibbetts, and T. A. McAllister. "Ruminal in vitro gas production, dry matter digestibility, methane abatement potential, and fatty acid biohydrogenation of six species of microalgae." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2015-0141.
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This study evaluated the composition, digestibility [dry matter digestibility (DMD)], CH4 abatement potential, and fatty acid biohydrogenation of six species of microalgae. Lipid content ranged from 115 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) (Scenedesmus sp. AMDD) to 361 g kg−1 DM (Tetracystis sp.), while Scenedesmus sp. AMDD had the highest carbohydrate (364 g kg−1 DM) and fibre content (277 g kg−1 DM). Gas production was highest (P < 0.001) for Micractinium reisseri and Chlorella vulgaris. In vitro DMD ranged from 654 g kg−1 for Scenedesmus sp. AMDD to 797 g kg−1 for Nannochloris bacillaris. Total CH4 differed (P < 0.001) among microalgae, ranging from 1.76 mL g−1 DM for Tetracystis sp. to 4.07 mL g−1 DM for M. reisseri. Nannochloropsis granulata (marine) had higher myristic, palmitoleic, and eicosapentaenoic acid levels than freshwater microalgae. Levels of α-linolenic acid were higher in Scenedesmus sp. AMDD than all other microalgae. CH4 production negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with levels of total carbohydrate, oleic, and α-linolenic acid. Despite having a lower lipid content, CH4 reductions with Scenedesmus sp. AMDD were comparable to Tetracystis sp. and N. bacillaris. Reductions in CH4 with Tetracystis sp. and N. bacillaris occurred without a decline in DMD, suggesting that overall microbial activity was not inhibited.
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Iasimone, F., G. Zuccaro, V. D'Oriano, G. Franci, M. Galdiero, D. Pirozzi, V. De Felice, and F. Pirozzi. "Combined yeast and microalgal cultivation in a pilot-scale raceway pond for urban wastewater treatment and potential biodiesel production." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 1062–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.620.
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Abstract A mixed culture of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi and wastewater native microalgae (mostly Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp.) was performed to enhance lipid and biomass production from urban wastewaters. A 400 L raceway pond, operating outdoors, was designed and used for biomass cultivation. Microalgae and yeast were inoculated into the cultivation pond with a 2:1 inoculum ratio. Their concentrations were monitored for 14 continuous days of batch cultivation. Microalgal growth presented a 3-day initial lag-phase, while yeast growth occurred in the first few days. Yeast activity during the microalgal lag-phase enhanced microalgal biomass productivity, corresponding to 31.4 mgTSS m−2 d−1. Yeast growth was limited by low concentrations in wastewater of easily assimilated organic substrates. Organic carbon was absorbed in the first 3 days with a 3.7 mgC L−1 d−1 removal rate. Complete nutrient removal occurred during microalgal linear growth with 2.9 mgN L−1 d−1 and 0.96 mgP L−1 d−1 removal rates. Microalgal photosynthetic activity induced high pH and dissolved oxygen values resulted in natural bactericidal and antifungal activity. A 15% lipid/dry weight was measured at the end of the cultivation time. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis indicated that the lipids were mainly composed of arachidic acid.
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Ahmad Latiffi, Nur Atikah, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Najeeha Mohd Apandi, and Ramlah Mohd Tajuddin. "Experimental Assessment on Effects of Growth Rates Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. in Different Conditions of pH, Temperature, Light Intensity and Photoperiod." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.546.
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An experimental study using microalgae Scenedesmus sp. growth rates are conducted in varies of environmental conditions that aim to access the growth rates yields of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. tolerance and capability sustain in fluctuations condition of wastewater may permit. Synthetic aqueous of Basal Bold Medium (BBM) was used to cultivate in batch mode using reactor flask under different abiotic parameters such as pH, temperature, lux intensity and photo period. These conditions are chosen due to its influential key on microalgae growth yields, metabolism and nature of environmental where microalgae utilization took place. The initial concentrations of microalgae are kept constant at initials of 1000cells/ml as per APHA (2012) standards and other environmental factors are varies based on the nature of selected wastewater and surrounding nature. The maximum yields of Scenedesmus sp. specific growth rates subjected to abiotic conditions are pH range from pH7 to pH8, temperature is 25°C to 30°C, photoperiod is 12/12 (Light/Dark)(hr) and lux intensity of 4000. Significant of these findings shows microalgae Scenedesmus sp. can easily grow and adapt well in fluctuating of nature conditions as the optimums are precisely close to nature conditions.
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González, Juan Félix, Teresa Belén Cuello, Antonio José Calderón, Manuel Calderón, Jerónimo González, and Diego Carmona. "Cultivation of Autochthonous Microalgae for Biomass Feedstock: Growth Curves and Biomass Characterization for Their Use in Biorefinery Products." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154567.
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In this work, the biomass productivity for biorefinery products and growth curves of three autochthonous microalgae collected in different reservoirs (“Scenedesmus sp.” (SSP), mixture of Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella minutissima, Chlorellas sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. named “La Orden” (LO) consortium and Chlorella minutissima named “Charca Brovales” (CB) consortium) were studied in a 5.5 L column laboratory photobioreactor. Two different culture media, Arnon culture (AM) and an agriculture fertilizer-based liquid medium (FM), have been used to evaluate the growth effect of the microalgae; it was found that the medium has a clear effect on the biomass productivity and growth rate, which ranged between 0.26–0.498 g L−1 d−1 and 0.288–0.864 d−1, respectively. In general, the elemental analysis and higher heating value of microalgae biomass for the three species were independent of the culture medium used for its growth, while their lipids and sugars content depended upon the species type and culture medium used in the cultivation. “La Orden” microalga was selected (given its best adaption to the climatic conditions) to study the biomass productivity and growth rate in two exterior photobioreactors (100 L column and 400 L flat panel), using FM as a medium, obtaining values of 0.116–0.266 g L−1 d−1 and 0.360–0.312 d−1, respectively. An automation and control system was designed to operate the exterior photobioreactors pilot plant. The lipid content of this microalga in these photobioreactors was lower than in the laboratory one, with a fatty acids profile with predominantly palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Also, the fresh biomass collected from these photobioreactors was studied in a batch type digestion process for biogas production, obtaining a CH4 yield of 296 ± 23 L CH4 kgVSS−1 added with a reduction in percentage of COD and vs. of 50 ± 1% and 50 ± 1.7%, respectively.
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Skorupskaite, Virginija, and Violeta Makareviciene. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF BIODIESEL OBTAINED FROM MICROALGAE SCENEDESMUS SP." Agricultural Engineering 46, no. 1 (September 10, 2014): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ageng.2014.009.
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The article considers the opportunities for reduction of energy consumption in the life cycle of biodiesel obtained from microalgae oil. Results show that by introducing technical glycerol and substrate leftover after production of biogas into the microalgae growth media energy consumption can be significantly reduced. Production of biogas from de-oiled microalgae improves the energy balance of the life cycle of biodiesel obtained from microalgae oil. It is impossible to obtain fuel containing more energy than would be used in the process of production if microalgae for biodiesel production are cultivated in conventional growth media. Only by subjecting microalgal biomass for production of gaseous and liquid biofuel (biodiesel and biogas) the total energy consumption is lower and equals to 65802.03 MJt-1 than energy value of biofuel, i.e. 79083.32 MJt-1. In this case the fossil energy ratio (FER) for biodiesel reaches 1.2.
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Vasileva, Iv, and J. Ivanova. "BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF GREEN AND RED ALGAE – A KEY FOR UNDERSTANDING THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATION AS FOOD ADDITIVES." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.01.001.
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PURPOSE: With the improvements of the microalgal cultivation industry, it became possible to add algal biomass and its metabolites in foods in order to create a balanced and health-food. METHODS: By determining the growth and the biochemical composition (lipids, carbohydrates and proteins), two algal strains were evaluated as a potential source of food additives – the newly isolated strain of the green algae Scenedesmus sp. and the red algae Porphyridium cruentum). RESULTS: It turned out that in Scenedesmus sp. BGP the most abundant component were the proteins (up tp 45 %), which makes this alga an excellent unconventional protein producer. As opposed to it, the biochemical composition of Porphyridium cruentum was dominated by carbohydrates (up to 57%), but there was also a high content of some essential polyunsaturated fatty acids: arachidonic (AA, 20:4; 13-29%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, 24-25%). CONCLUSIONS: Microalgae are a really remarkable source of biomass and a wide range of substances, but this area is poorly explored. Both of the microalgal strains proved to be important sources of functional ingredients that could be successfully used as food additives together or separately.
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Campos-Rudin, Manuel, and Ana Margarita Silva-Benavides. "Ammonium and phosphate removal using batch laboratory cultures by microalgae and cyanobacteria isolated from Costa Rica water bodies." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 1-1 (May 10, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.33263.
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This research analyzed three green microalgae (Scenedesmus sp., Chlamydomonas sp., and Chlorella sp.) and two cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. as unicellular strain and Nostoc sp. as filamentous strain) native from Costa Rica to remove high concentrations of ammonium and phosphate. Cultures were exposed for 120 h to initial concentrations of 70 mgL-1 ammonium and 9 mgL-1 phosphate, under constant light intensity of 60 µmol m-2s-1. Chlorella sp. showed the highest growth rate, followed by Chlamydomonas sp. and the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. In contrast, Scenedesmus sp. and Synechocystis sp. cultures grew less than the other ones. The highest percentage of ammonium removal was achieved with Chlorella sp. followed by Chlamydomonas sp. and Synechocystis sp., then Scenedesmus sp. and Nostoc sp. Microalgae removed totally the initial phosphate concentration within 72 h, while cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. and Nostoc sp. removed phosphate partially. These microorganisms are promising for wastewater reclamation.
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Sánchez-Zurano, Ana, Martina Ciardi, Tomás Lafarga, José María Fernández-Sevilla, Ruperto Bermejo, and Emilio Molina-Grima. "Role of Microalgae in the Recovery of Nutrients from Pig Manure." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020203.
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Animal production inevitably causes the emission of greenhouse gases and the generation of large amounts of slurry, both representing a serious environmental problem. Photosynthetic microorganisms such as microalgae and cyanobacteria have been proposed as alternative strategies to bioremediate agricultural waste while consuming carbon dioxide and producing valuable biomass. The current study assessed the potential of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. to remove nutrients from piggery wastewater (PWW) and the influence of the microalga on the microbial consortia. Maximum N-NH4+ consumption was 55.3 ± 3.7 mg·L−1·day−1 while P-PO43− removal rates were in the range 0.1–1.9 mg·L−1·day−1. N-NH4+ removal was partially caused by the action of nitrifying bacteria, which led to the production of N-NO3−. N-NO3− production values where lower when microalgae were more active. This work demonstrated that the photosynthetic activity of microalgae allows us to increase nutrient removal rates from PWW and to reduce the coliform bacterial load of the effluent, minimising both their environmental impact and health risks. Microalgae assimilated part of the N-NH4+ present in the media to produce biomass and did not to convert it into N-NO3− as in traditional processes.
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Duque-Granda, Daniela, Carolina Montoya-Vallejo, and Liliana Rocío Botero-Botero. "Cadmium (Cd) tolerance evaluation of three strains of microalgae of the genus Ankistrodesmus, Chlorella and Scenedesmus." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 92 (May 28, 2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20190523.
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In order to assess tolerance to cadmium (Cd) for three Colombian native strains of microalgae belonging to the genus Ankistrodesmus, Chlorella and Scenedesmus the growth kinetics, the concentration of pigments, the total dry weight in media contaminated with cadmium in ranges between 0.0 - 15.0 mg L-1 , and the median lethal concentration (LC50) were determined. Additionally, for the more tolerant strains, Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp., removal of Cd in media enriched with 1.0 and 7.0 mg L-1 contaminant was quantified. The study found that Scenedesmus sp was the strain that had the highest tolerance to cadmium generating 36.15 µg mL-1 of dry biomass at 3.5 mg L-1 of Cd and LC50 20.89 mg L-1 Cd after 12 days of culture. The highest percentage of removal of cadmium was 32% for Scenedesmus sp. Chlorella sp. presented good removal of Cd in cultures with low levels of metal and Ankistrodesmus sp. was the microalgae with less tolerance.
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Torres-Valencia, Gustavo A., Marco A. Imués-Figueroa, Wilmer R. Sanguino-Ortiz, and Frank A. Chapman. "AISLAMIENTO DE UNA CEPA DE ROTIFERO DE AGUA DULCE CON POTEN-CIAL COMO ALIMENTO VIVO EN ACUICULTURA." Revista Investigación Pecuaria 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/revip.1851.3.
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Los rotíferos Brachionus, especialmente de origen marino, han sido utilizados con gran éxito en acuicultura, siendo comercializados desde diferentes países, a tal punto que el material biológico nativo se ha dejado a un lado. No obstante, estas especies de rotíferos son cosmopolitas, y su obtención en sitios cercanos a los laboratorios de producción podría evitar la necesidad de importar material biológico, como también podrían suponer una mayor adaptación a las condiciones propias de cada sitio. Por lo anterior, el presente estudio realizó la obtención y pruebas para el mantenimiento de una cepa del rotífero Brachionus calyciflorus, en el Laboratorio de Alimento vivo de la Universidad de Nariño, en Pasto, Colombia. Para ello se evaluó tres dietas y pruebas de almacenamiento de huevos en estado de mixis, se alimentó los rotíferos con 1 µg de dieta (peso seco) por rotífero, utilizando tres dietas por triplicado (T1: Scenedesmus sp., T2: Saccharomyces cerevisiae y T3: una combinación de ambas). También se evaluó dos métodos de almacenamiento en seco de huevos de diapausa, a temperatura ambiente (20°C) y en húmedo a 4°C, como también se probó un tratamiento profiláctico con formol (40 ppm por 5 min) previo al almacenamiento de los huevos. Para siete días de mantenimiento se registraron densidades de 108 ± 21,2; 4,3 ± 3.8 y 40,7± 14,4 rot.ml-1 en los tratamientos T1, T2, y T3, respectivamente. El mayor porcentaje de eclosión de huevos de diapausa lo presentó el almacenamiento en seco con tratamiento profiláctico (89,6 ± 4,9%), presentando diferencias significativas (p<0,05) con respecto a los otros tratamientos. Esto muestra que es posible aislar y cultivar cepas de origen local de rotíferos dulceacuícola de manera sencilla; la cual debería ser alimentada con una monodieta de microalgas, para luego almacenar los huevos de diapausa en recipientes secos con un previo tratamiento profiláctico; dicha cepa podrá ser utilizada en cualquier momento para iniciar cultivos de rotíferos como alimento en larvicultura.Palabras clave: Brachionus calyciflorus, diapausa, agua dulce, larvas de pecesISOLATION OF A FRESHWATER ROTIFER STRAIN WITH POTENTIAL AS LIVE FOOD FOR AQUACULTURE ABTRACTBrachionus rotifers, especially of marine origin, have been used with great success in aquaculture, however only a few species from different countries have been commercialized to the point that native biological materials have been left aside. Rotifers are cosmopolitan, and obtaining native species at sites close to hatcheries could avoid the need to incorporate external biological material, as well as being better adapted to the conditions of each site. The present study was carried out to isolate and maintain in culture a native strain of the freshwater rotifer B. calyciflorus, in the ‘Live Feeds Laboratory’ at the Universidad de Narino in Pasto, Colombia. Rotifers were fed three diets (1 μg, dry weight) per rotifer, in triplicate treatments (T1: Scenedesmus sp., T: 2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae and T3: a combination of both). Two methods for the storage of diapausing eggs were evaluated: one in dry conditions at room temperature (20°C) and the other wet at 4°C. Also assessed was the prophylactic treatment with formalin (40 ppm for 5 min) prior to storage of the eggs. The three diets and egg storage tests were evaluated in a mixed state. After seven days of maintenance culture, densities of 108 ± 21.2, 4.3 ± 3.8 and 40.7 ± 14.4 rot.ml-1 were recorded in treatment groups T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The highest percentage of hatching of diapausing eggs was obtained in dry storage with prophylactic treatment (89.6 ± 4.9%), presenting significant difference (p <0.05) with respect to the other treatments. this study demonstrates that it is possible and in a simple way to isolate and culture local strains of freshwater rotifers. the rotifers can be fed a mono-diet of microalgae, and the eggs in diapause should be stored dry and prophylactically treated. the rotifer culture can be maintained and used at any time to start batch cultures of live food for use in larviculture.
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Danilovic, Bojana, Jelena Cvetkovic-Rakic, Jovan Ciric, Jelica Simeunovic, Vlada Veljkovic, and Dragisa Savic. "The isolation and screening of microalgae for the production of oil." Chemical Industry 71, no. 1 (2017): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind151127019d.
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The biodiesel production has gained increasing attention of the researches in recent years. Current commercial biodiesel production involves transesterification of oil derived from oil crops. Since this production is no more sustainable, the use of microalgae represents a good alternative. Microalgae have high growth rate, high oil content and can be cultured in the environment which are not suitable for agriculture. Additionally, microalgae cultivation improves the reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Selection of microalgae for oil production must take into consider certain criteria which include growth rate, oil content, fatty acids profile and ease of separation. In order to analyze the possibility of the use of microalgae for the production of oil, isolation of freshwater microalgae was performed. The isolation was done by the use of traditional techniques from freshwaters near Leskovac. A total number of 6 microalgae strains were isolated and identified as the representatives of the genera Chlorococcum (1 isolate), Chlorella (1 isolate), Scenedesmus (1 isolate) and Desmodesmus (3 isolates). Isolates of microalgae were screened for the growth rate, biomass and oil productivity and oil content. The highest content of biomass was 1.5 g/l and it was observed in the strains Chlorococcum sp. and Desmodesmus sp. 1. The highest value of specific growth rate was calculated during the growth of microalgae Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp. and Desmodesmus sp.1, while the lowest value was observed for Chlorococcum sp. Oil productivity was the highest for Chlorella sp. and Desmodesmus sp.1 (0,4 g/l) and the lowest for Desmodesmus sp.2, Desmodesmus sp.3 and Chlorococcum sp. (0,2 g/l). The oil content was in the range from 15.8% (Chlorococcum sp.) to 33% (Chlorella sp). Since the microalgae isolates Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. had the highest oil productivity, high growth rate and high oil content, these strains are the most suitable for further investigation in order to improve the oil yield and analyse the possibility of the use in the production of biodiesel.
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Pham, Thanh-Luu, and Manh Ha Bui. "Removal of Nutrients from Fertilizer Plant Wastewater Using Scenedesmus sp.: Formation of Bioflocculation and Enhancement of Removal Efficiency." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (February 14, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8094272.
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Eutrophication of surface water has become an environmental concern in recent decades. High concentrations of nutrients, especially nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich species, have contributed to the process of eutrophication, highlighting a demand for effective and economical methods of removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. This study aimed to investigate the ability of a green microalga species, Scenedesmus sp., to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), from fertilizer plant wastewater. Different microalgae concentrations from 10 mg/L to 60 mg/L were used to assess the growth rate, biomass production, and removal ability. The results indicated that Scenedesmus sp. grew well in the wastewater (with a growth rate from 0.3 to 0.38/day) and produced up to 70.2 mg/L of dry biomass. The algal species was able to remove ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), phosphate (PO43−), total phosphorus (TP), COD, and BOD5 with removal rates up to 93%, 84%, 97%, 96%, 93%, and 84%, respectively. Autobioflocculation (AFL) was observed in all cultures with flocculation activity of up to 88.3% in the highest algal biomass treatment. The formation of bioflocculation enhanced the removal of nutrients, COD, and BOD5 from wastewater effluent. The results indicated that wastewater from a fertilizer plant could be used as a cost-effective growth medium for algal biomass. The autoflocculation of microalgae could be used as a more practical approach for wastewater treatment using microalgae to eliminate eutrophication.
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Huo, Shuhao, Changhua Shang, Zhongming Wang, Weizheng Zhou, Fengjie Cui, Feifei Zhu, Zhenhong Yuan, and Renjie Dong. "Outdoor Growth Characterization of an Unknown Microalga Screened from Contaminated Chlorella Culture." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5681617.
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Outdoor microalgae cultivation process is threatened by many issues, such as pest pollution and complex, changeable weather. Therefore, it is difficult to have identical growth rate for the microalgae cells and to keep their continuous growth. Outdoor cultivation requires the algae strains not only to have a strong ability to accumulate oil, but also to adapt to the complicated external environment. Using 18S rRNA technology, one wild strain Scenedesmus sp. FS was isolated and identified from the culture of Chlorella zofingiensis. Upon contamination by Scenedesmus sp., the species could quickly replace Chlorella zofingiensis G1 and occupy ecological niche in the outdoor column photobioreactors. The results indicated that Scenedesmus sp. FS showed high alkali resistance. It also showed that even under the condition of a low inoculum rate (OD680, 0.08), Scenedesmus sp. FS could still grow in the outdoor raceway pond under a high alkaline environment. Even under unoptimized conditions, the oil content of Scenedesmus sp. FS could reach more than 22% and C16–C18 content could reach up to 79.68%, showing that this species has the potential for the biodiesel production in the near future.
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Slamet Subyakto, Sri Cahyaningsih,. "Kultur Massal Dalam Bentuk Alami Maupun Konsentrat [Massal Culture Of Scenedesmus Sp. As An Effoct To Get Rotifera Feed In Natural And Concentrate ]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v1i2.11680.
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AbstractScenedesmus sp. is a microalgae as a fish and shrimp larva feed because the high nutrition value, easy to culture and harvest. The aim of these research are to know massal culture of the high density of Scenedesmus sp. and to use for Rotifera feed (natural and concetrate type). 3The experiment used one m of massal culture of Scenedesmus sp. In 0,8,16 and 24 ppt. The result showed 6that 16 ppt treatment gave the best daily growth of Scenedesmus sp.(6.78 x 10 cell/ml). Analysis of proximate and fatty acids of Scenedesmus sp. In 16 ppt also showed the best contents of protein, fat, EPA and DHA.
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Kisielewska, Marta, Marcin Zieliński, Marcin Dębowski, Joanna Kazimierowicz, Zdzisława Romanowska-Duda, and Magda Dudek. "Effectiveness of Scenedesmus sp. Biomass Grow and Nutrients Removal from Liquid Phase of Digestates." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061432.
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One of the most important factors in determining the profitable production of microalgae biomass is the use of a cost effective growth medium that is rich in nutrients. The objective of the study was to determine the possibility of using digestates from anaerobic digestion of different feedstock mixtures as the media for Scenedesmus sp. cultivation. A different liquid digestate composition was obtained in terms of organic compounds, phosphorus, and nitrogen concentrations, depending on the substrates used in the anaerobic digestion. It was found that the highest biomass production was obtained when using digestate from anaerobic digestion of the feedstock mainly composed of microalgae biomass, which was characterized by low organic compounds concentration. In this case, the average biomass concentration reached 2382 mg total solids/L. A lower Scenedesmus sp. biomass yield was obtained using digestate from anaerobic digester processing feedstock based on maize silage and cattle menure. In the variants of the study, it was also found that the increase in the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the growth medium up to 160 mg/L significantly reduced the growth of Scenedesmus sp. The results indicated the possibility of a high ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphates removal from anaerobic digestates by Scenedesmus sp. microalgae. Phosphorus concentration in the cultivation medium is a limiting factor for the growth of Scenedesmus sp., thus phosphorus supplementation should be considered when using liquid digestate as the culture medium. The optimization model indicated that the volume of liquid digestate that was used for preparing the cultivation medium, the initial concentration of organic compounds, and the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen had a significant impact on the production of Scenedesmus sp. biomass.
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IDRISSI ABDELKHALEK, EL A., B. MOHAMED, A. M. MOHAMMED, and A. LOTFI. "Growth performance and biochemical composition of nineteen microalgae collected from different Moroccan reservoirs." Mediterranean Marine Science 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1320.
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Macro- and microalgae have recently received much attention due to their valuable chemical constituents. In order to increase existing data, the authors studied nineteen microalgae species isolated from different reservoirs in the Fez region (northern Morocco), undertaking experiments to determine for each species the specific growth rate, their total amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids and the influence of the growth phase on these chemical constituents. Conditions of cultivation were as follows: light intensity equal to 300 μmol photons m-2 s-1, with a temperature regime of 25/20°C (day/night) and a 16/8 (light/dark) photoperiod cycle. The growth rates of the nineteen studied species of microalgae showed a wide variation between species, ranging from 0.27 g l-1 d-1 for Chlamydomonas ovalis to 3.64 g l-1 d-1 for Chlorococcum wemmeri. Protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents varied greatly between taxa and within genera. Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlamydomonas ovalis, Chlorococcum sp., Hyaloraphidium contortum, Scenedesmus protuberans, and Synechocystis aquatilis tended to synthesize proteins, the concentrations exceeding 20% dry weight (DW). Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Ankistrodesmus sp., Chlorococcum wemmeri, Coenocystis sp., Isocystis sp., Lyngbya bergei, Oscillatoria amphibia, Polytoma papillatum, Scenedesmus protuberans, Scenedesmus sp. and Synechocystis aquatilis showed a high capacity for lipid storage, greater than 20% DW. For carbohydrate contents, only Scenedesmus protuberans and Scenedesmus quadricauda showed an excessive level compared to other scanned species with 29.21% and 24.76% DW, respectively.
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Skalli, Ali, Joana P. Firmino, Karl B. Andree, Ricardo Salomón, Alicia Estévez, Patricia Puig, Mar Sabater-Martínez, Teresa Hechavarria, and Enric Gisbert. "The Inclusion of the Microalga Scenedesmus sp. in Diets for Rainbow Trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, Juveniles." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091656.
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A nutritional study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of the green microalga Scenedesmus sp. at 5% (SCE-5) as an alternative fishmeal ingredient. This microalga was tested with four replicates during 45 days using isolipidic (18%), isoproteic (48%), and isoenergetic (1.9 MJ kg−1) diets. Fish fed Scenedesmus sp. showed similar growth and feed efficiency parameters as the control group. Regarding the digestive function, the SCE-5 diet enhanced the activity of alkaline pancreatic proteases, whereas it did not affect that of intestinal enzymes involved in nutrient absorption. No histological alterations were found in fish fed the SCE-5 diet, although a higher density of goblet cells in the anterior intestine and changes in gut microbiome diversity were found in this group, which collectively suggests positive effects of this green microalga on the intestine. Dietary Scenedesmus sp. improved the fillet’s nutritional quality in terms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels, although it also increased its yellowish color. The overall results of this study showed that Scenedesmus sp. is a safe ingredient for compound feeds in rainbow trout when considering fish growth performance, animal condition, and health parameters, although it substantially affected the color of the fillet that may potentially affect consumers’ preferences.
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bte Jais, Noor Maisara, Radin Maya Saphira bte Radin Mohamed, Wan Asma Wan Mohamad Apandi, and Hazel Monica Matias Peralta. "Removal of Nutrients and Selected Heavy Metals in Wet Market Wastewater by Using Microalgae Scenedesmus Sp." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1210.
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The wet market wastewater may lead to pollution, odour and aesthetic problems to the environment and society if not treating properly. Thus, this research was conducted to culture microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and to identify the optimal concentration of microalgae Scenedesmus sp.due to the nutrient and heavy metal removals from wet market wastewater based on laboratory scale. The samples were taken from Public Market Parit Raja, Batu Pahat at 9a.m. in the morning using grab sampling technique. The characteristics of raw wastewater and microalgae Scenedesmus sp. were determined. There are five sample wastewater (used 625ml for each five sample wastewater) with five different sample concentrations of microalgae which are 6.50x105, 49.88x104, 34.75x104, 19.63x104 and 49.88x104 cell/ml with 16 days as duration for period study. The microalgae were cultured by BBM for eight days and another eight days for treatment with replicates three times for each sample. The analysis were measured due to the nutrient and heavy metal removals which are TN, TP, TOC, Fe and Zn during eight days treatment process. Based on experimental result, the optimum efficiency removals for each concentration were achieved 45.6-86.4% of nutrients and heavy metals removal. The highest amount of nutrient and heavy metal removals after wastewater treatment by microalgae are TN 74.77%, TP 82.17%, TOC 86.36%, Fe 65.76% and Zn 84.14%. As conclusion for this experiment, Sample 2 (concentration 49.88x104 cell/ml of microalgae Scenedesmus sp.) is the optimum concentration due to the highest percentage of nutrients and heavy metals removal which achieved 65.3-82.1% which TN 65.32%, TP 76.77%, TOC 80.34%, Fe 65.76% and Zn 82.12%.
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Ruiz-Martínez, Ana, Joaquin Serralta, Aurora Seco, and Jose Ferrer. "Modeling light and temperature influence on ammonium removal by Scenedesmus sp. under outdoor conditions." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 8 (August 10, 2016): 1964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.383.
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The ammonium removal rate of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. was studied under outdoor conditions. Microalgae were grown in a 500 L flat-plate photobioreactor and fed with the effluent of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Temperature ranged between 9.5 °C and 32.5 °C and maximum light intensity was 1,860 μmol·m−2·s−1. A maximum specific ammonium removal rate of 3.71 mg NH4+-N·g TSS−1·h−1 was measured (at 22.6 °C and with a light intensity of 1,734 μmol·m−2·s−1). A mathematical model considering the influence of ammonium concentration, light and temperature was validated. The model successfully reproduced the observed values of ammonium removal rate obtained and it is thus presented as a useful tool for plant operation.
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Zhuang, Lin-Lan, Yin-Hu Wu, Xiao-Jie Shi, Tian-Yuan Zhang, and Hong-Ying Hu. "Using ozonation to eliminate the inhibition of soluble algal products (SAP) of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 on its growth in microalgal cultivation for biomass/bioenergy production." Water Supply 15, no. 5 (May 14, 2015): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.035.
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Water recycling is an effective way to reduce water consumption in the industrialization of microalgae-based biomass/bioenergy production. The soluble algal products (SAP) which inhibit the microalgae growth will accumulate in the recycled water. Therefore, the ozone oxidation treatment of SAP produced by Scenedesmus sp. LX1 was studied to reduce the inhibition of SAP. The experimental results showed that there was almost no change in the content of SAP (counted by dissolved organic carbon) after ozonation, but the inhibition of SAP on microalgae growth disappeared. The intrinsic growth rate (r) of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 in the cultivation solution containing untreated SAP was 0.52 d−1, and it rose to 0.95 d−1 after SAP was ozonized. The maximum population growth rate (Rmax) followed a similar trend, increasing from 9.19 × 105 to 13.0 × 105 cells mL−1 d−1. It was suggested that the changes of fluorescence and hydrophilic–hydrophobic/acid–base property of SAP after ozonation leads to the disappearance of SAP inhibition on microalgae growth.
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García, Gabriela, Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández, Laura Isabel Rodas-Zuluaga, Carlos Castillo-Zacarías, Hafiz Iqbal, and Roberto Parra-Saldívar. "Accumulation of PHA in the Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. under Nutrient-Deficient Conditions." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010131.
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Traditional plastics have undoubted utility and convenience for everyday life; but when they are derived from petroleum and are non-biodegradable, they contribute to two major crises today’s world is facing: fossil resources depletion and environmental degradation. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a promising alternative to replace them, being biodegradable and suitable for a wide variety of applications. This biopolymer accumulates as energy and carbon storage material in various microorganisms, including microalgae. This study investigated the influence of glucose, N, P, Fe, and salinity over the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by Scenedesmus sp., a freshwater microalga strain not previously explored for this purpose. To assess the effect of the variables, a fractional Taguchi experimental design involving 16 experimental runs was planned and executed. Biopolymer was obtained in all the experiments in a wide range of concentrations (0.83–29.92%, w/w DW), and identified as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by FTIR analysis. The statistical analysis of the response was carried out using Minitab 16, where phosphorus, glucose, and iron were identified as significant factors, together with the P-Fe and glucose-N interactions. The presence of other relevant macromolecules was also quantified. Doing this, this work contributes to the understanding of the critical factors that control PHA production and present Scenedesmus sp. as a promising species to produce bio-resources in commercial systems.
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Patil, Yogesh, and Prakash Rao. "A Novel Biological Strategy for the Management Industrial Effluents with Simultaneous Recovery of Metal Resource." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.640.
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The key objective of present study was to find out a novel and innovative strategy to tackle problem of cyanide and metal-cyanide pollution thereby leading to indirect mitigation of global warming. Studies were performed to test the feasibility of treating aqueous waste containing free cyanide (CN-) and copper-cyanide {Tetracyanocuprate - TCC, [Cu (CN)4]-2} using microalgae Scenedesmus sp. that was isolated by enrichment culture technique under alkaline conditions. Results revealed that microalgae Scenedesmus sp. was capable of detoxifying cyanide and TCC (10-25 mg/l as CN-) with an efficiency of >99% under aerated, static and illuminated conditions within a period of 48-96 h. Process parameters like pH (7-11), temperature (20-45°C), initial cell density (103-106 cells/ml) and varying concentration of cyanide and TCC (5-50 mg/l as CN-) were optimized. Of the total copper ions released during biodegradation of TCC, 37% was adsorbed on the cells, while 67% was accumulated by Scenedesmus cells.
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Santos, Michel de O. dos, Márcio A. Martins, Jane S. dos R. Coimbra, Richard S. Gates, and Lucas de P. Corrêdo. "Rheological behavior of Chlorella sp. e Scenedesmus sp. cultures in different biomass concentrations." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 5 (October 2013): 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000500017.
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Studies involving the use of microalgae are increasingly intensifying for the potential they present to produce biofuels, because they are a renewable energy source that does not compete directly with food production, and because they enable the obtaining of a fuel with less environmental impact when compared to fossil fuel. In this context, the use of microalgae is directly associated to its capacity to be produced on a large scale and to be extracted from the culture medium. Rheological studies are important for obtaining the information needed in the elaboration of projects and equipment that will be used in various operations existing in systems of production and extraction of algal biomass. In the evaluation of different levels of dry biomass concentration, studies have been conducted of the rheological behavior of cultures of Chlorella sp. BR001 and Scenedesmus sp. BR003. The Power Law model adjusted well to the data of shear stress as a function of strain rate. In all concentrations the cultures showed non-Newtonian behavior. It was observed to Scenedesmus sp. BR003 little effect of biomass concentration on the apparent viscosity and shear stress.
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Coimbra, Ricardo, Carla Escapa, Nadyr Vázquez, Guillermo Noriega-Hevia, and Marta Otero. "Utilization of Non-Living Microalgae Biomass from Two Different Strains for the Adsorptive Removal of Diclofenac from Water." Water 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2018): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101401.
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In the present work, the adsorptive removal of diclofenac from water by biosorption onto non-living microalgae biomass was assessed. Kinetic and equilibrium experiments were carried out using biomass of two different microalgae strains, namely Synechocystis sp. and Scenedesmus sp. Also, for comparison purposes, a commercial activated carbon was used under identical experimental conditions. The kinetics of the diclofenac adsorption fitted the pseudo-second order equation, and the corresponding kinetic constants indicating that adsorption was faster onto microalgae biomass than onto the activated carbon. Regarding the equilibrium results, which mostly fitted the Langmuir isotherm model, these pointed to significant differences between the adsorbent materials. The Langmuir maximum capacity (Qmax) of the activated carbon (232 mg∙g−1) was higher than that of Scenedesmus sp. (28 mg∙g−1) and of Synechocystis sp. (20 mg∙g−1). In any case, the Qmax values determined here were within the values published in the recent scientific literature on the utilization of different adsorbents for the removal of diclofenac from water. Still, Synechocystis sp. showed the largest KL fitted values, which points to the affinity of this strain for diclofenac at relative low equilibrium concentrations in solution. Overall, the results obtained point to the possible utilization of microalgae biomass waste in the treatment of water, namely for the adsorption of pharmaceuticals.
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Reyna-Martinez, Raul, Ricardo Gomez-Flores, Ulrico López-Chuken, Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea, Diana Caballero-Hernandez, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla, Julio Cesar Beltrán-Rocha, and Patricia Tamez-Guerra. "Antitumor activity of Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus sp. microalgae native of Nuevo León State, México." PeerJ 6 (February 9, 2018): e4358. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4358.
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Cancer cases result in 13% of all deaths worldwide. Unwanted side effects in patients under conventional treatments have led to the search for beneficial alternative therapies. Microalgae synthesize compounds with known in vitro and in vivo biological activity against different tumor cell lines. Therefore, native microalgae from the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico may become a potential source of antitumor agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of Nuevo Leon regional Chlorella sorokiniana (Chlorellales: Chlorellaceae) and Scenedesmus sp. (Chlorococcales: Scenedesmaceae). Native microalgae crude organic extracts cytotoxicity against murine L5178Y-R lymphoma cell line and normal lymphocyte proliferation were evaluated using the MTT reduction colorimetric assay. Cell death pathway was analyzed by acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining, DNA degradation in 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and caspases activity. Results indicated significant (p < 0.05) 61.89% ± 3.26% and 74.77% ± 1.84% tumor cytotoxicity by C. sorokiniana and Scenedesmus sp. methanol extracts, respectively, at 500 µg/mL, by the mechanism of apoptosis. This study contributes to Mexican microalgae biodiversity knowledge and their potential as antitumor agent sources.
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Ramirez, Nelzy Neyza Vargas, Marcelo Farenzena, and Jorge Otávio Trierweiler. "Growth of microalgae Scenedesmus sp in ethanol vinasse." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 57, no. 5 (October 2014): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-8913201401791.
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Pham, Thanh-Luu. "Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Tropical Freshwater and Marine Microalgae." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (May 30, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9658386.
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The increase in synthesis and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the last decade has resulted in contamination of AgNPs in the aquatic environment. The presence of AgNPs in aquatic environments has posed toxic effects to aquatic organisms and ecological damage. In this study, two tropical microalgae species including the freshwater Scenedesmus sp. and the marine diatom Thalassiosira sp. were employed to examine the toxic effects of AgNPs. The toxic effects were determined by analyzing different end points, such as half maximal effective concentration (EC50), algae growth inhibition, algae cell size, chlorophyll-a content, and total lipid accumulation. The results suggested that AgNPs presented different toxicity mechanisms for microalgae and showed to be more toxic in freshwater than in marine environment. The EC50 values of AgNPs after 72 h for the growth inhibition of Scenedesmus sp. and Thalassiosira sp. were 89.92 ± 9.68 and 107.21 ± 7.43 μg/L, respectively. AgNPs at a certain concentration have resulted in change in cell diameter, reduction in chlorophyll-a content, and enhancement of the total lipid production in the tested microalgae. Thus, local species should be involved in the toxic assessment. This research contributes on understanding the toxicity of AgNPs on freshwater and marine environments.
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Alves, T., P. Lima, G. M. S. Lima, M. C. C. Cunha, S. Ferreira, B. Domingues, and J. Machado. "Phytoplankton composition of the water and gastrointestinal tract of the mussel Diplodon enno (Ortmann, 1921) from São Francisco river (Bahia, Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 76, no. 2 (March 22, 2016): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.14514.
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Abstract The knowledge on diet composition of the freshwater mussel Diplodon enno (Ortmann) would aid in its culture and propagation allowing, this way, the replacement of natural endangered populations in Brazil. Microalgae are the main food source for captive mussels and unionids have displayed an ability to sort algae based on the cellular characteristics prior to ingestion. The main objective of the present work is to analyze the phytoplankton composition of the water from and of the gastrointestinal contents of the mussel D. enno, as an initial step for development of a suitable rearing diet. Therefore, water samples and bivalve specimens were collected from S. Francisco River, city of Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil. The microalgal composition found in water and stomach/gut content samples was very diverse being represented by the following divisions: Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Dinophyta and Heterokontophyta (Diatoms). Concerning the relative abundance of microalgae divisions, it is possible to state, for the water and gastrointestinal contents, that Cyanophyta represents 15% and 14%, Chlorophyta 54% in both, Heterokontophyta 31% and 27% and Dinophyta 0% and 5%, respectively. According to the Brazilian CETESB criteria for phytoplankton species classification, 50% of Cyanophyta and 15% of Chlorophyta species observed in the water samples were classified as “very frequent”, as were 68% of Heterokontophyta and 33% of Chlorophyta species in the gut/stomach tract samples. Focusing at a species level, although in the water only Coelastrum sp. and Chroococcus sp. were observed in 100% and 75% of the samples, respectively, in the gastrointestinal tract the species Staurastrum sp., Aulacoseira sp., Scenedesmus sp. and Fragilaria crotonensis occurred in 80% to 100% of the samples. The present results showed that D. enno feeds not only on small chlorophytes microalgae, due to their convenient size that facilitates higher feeding rates, but also on large size diatoms, due to a possible nutritional advantage for the bivalves. Thus, a diet composed by large diatoms and small chlorophytes microalgae may be considered as the most reasonable for the maintenance of D. enno populations.
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Dias, George Alves, Railene Hérica Carlos Rocha Araújo, Wellington Guedes Alves, Agda Malany Forte de Oliveira, Diogenes Damarsio Andrade de Sousa, José Franciraldo de Lima, Izabela de Moraes Santos, Kalinny de Araújo Alves, Diogenes Damarsio Andrade de Sousa, and Josinaldo Lopes Araújo. "Biomass of Microalgae via Root Under the Production of Yellow Passionfruit Seedlings." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 6 (May 15, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n6p105.
Full textAbstract:
Seedlings production is one of the most important stages of the production system and directly influences the performance of the plant in the field. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the use of biomass doses of Spirulina platensis and Scenedesmus sp. via root system on the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. A greenhouse experiment was carried out using a randomized block design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (Spirulina platensis and Scenedesmus sp., at the doses 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8 % and 1% m/v), with four blocks and two experimental units per plot. At 60 days, leaf number, total seedling length, shoot diameter, root system length, shoot length, shoot and root fresh mass, dry mass, root dry mass and total chlorophyll were measured. Spirulina platensis showed superior performance compared to Scenedesmus sp., for the variables stem diameter, shoot length, fresh shoot mass, fresh root mass, dry shoot mass and root dry mass. The doses influenced the number of leaves, root fresh mass, root dry mass, shoot length and fresh shoot mass significantly. The best dose of microalga applied was 0.8% in passion fruit seedlings at 60 days.
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Liu, Bingfeng, Chao Ma, Ruonan Xiao, Defeng Xing, Hongyu Ren, and Nanqi Ren. "The screening of microalgae mutant strain Scenedesmus sp. Z-4 with a rich lipid content obtained by 60Co γ-ray mutation." RSC Advances 5, no. 64 (2015): 52057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07263h.
Full textAbstract:
A microalgae mutant Scenedesmus sp. Z-4 with a lipid content of 28.86% and biomass of 2.876 g/L is obtained using 60Co γ-ray mutation. The lipid productivity and content of mutant Z-4 are greater than that of the wild strain, respectively.