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Academic literature on the topic 'MicroARNs (miRs)'
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Journal articles on the topic "MicroARNs (miRs)"
Martin, Danick M., Brandon Hannay, Alexis Martin, Vanessa Veilleux, Nicholas Finn, and Gilles A. Robichaud. "Abstract 3812: Circular RNAs from the PAX5 oncogene are overexpressed in B-cell malignancies and modulate cancer processes." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 3812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3812.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "MicroARNs (miRs)"
Le, Corvec Tom. "Mécanismes moléculaires de l’hétérogénéité des plaques d’athérosclérose et des calcifications dans les artères périphériques : régulation des miRs dans les calcifications vasculaires des artères périphériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU1041.
Full textThe first objective of this work was to identify the miRs associated with vascular calcification (VC), to characterise their involvement in the mineralisation of VSMCs, and to determine their target genes. The second objective was to study the mechanisms of arterial heterogeneity by comparing the phenotype of carotid and femoral VSMCs and their response to pro-atherosclerotic stimuli. Firstly, we used calcified and non-calcified human atheromatous arteries (Biocoll.ECLAGEN) to identify VC-associated miRs by combining miRNomic (microfluidic arrays) and transcriptomic analysis to select candidate miRs and their predicted target genes. We then validated the functional role of candidate miRs in cell mineralisation of human aortic VSMCs. Secondly, we extracted VSMCs from healthy carotid and femoral arteries (Biocoll.ECLA-H) to study phenotypic differences (contractile/inflammatory markers, migration, contractility, lipid uptake) in the basal state and after stimulation with pro-inflammatory (IL1β, IL6) or pro-fibrotic cytokines (TGFβ and PDGF). In our study, we first identified 12 miRs associated with VC. Among them, we showed that the expression of miR136, miR155 and miR183 was regulated during VSMC mineralisation and that their overexpression induced VSMC mineralisation and phenotypic transcriptional changes. Cross-analysis led to the identification of the CD73 and Smad3 pathways as predicted target genes responsible for the pro-mineralising function of miR155. Secondly, a comparative phenotypic study of carotid and femoral VSMCs allowed us to demonstrate several transcriptional differences, with higher expression of activation markers (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) in the carotid territory and higher expression of contractile markers (ACTA2, SM22α, SMMHC) in the femoral territory. Preliminary experiments analysing contractility and response to lipid stress suggested a trend towards greater contractility and lipid uptake in the femoral territory. No difference was observed when phenotypic switches and cell migration were analysed. These results demonstrate the potential benefit of miR155 inhibition in limiting the development of VC in atheromatous lesions of peripheral arteries
Masmoudi, Asma. "Identification des micro-ARNS (miARNS) impliqués dans la progression du cancer de la vessie et étude fonctionnelle du rôle oncogénique ou suppresseur de tumeurs de ces miARNS." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T032.
Full textBladder tumors are characterized by two progression pathways. The first pathway leads to the developpement of papillary tumors, which are at high risk of recurrence but that rarely progress to invasive tumors. Another pathway involves carcinoma in situ (CIS), which often progresses by first invading the lamina propria and then the muscle. Tumors infiltrating the muscle have a poor prognosis and chemotherapy regimens are of limited benefits. It is yet important to understand the molecular basis underlying these events. The microRNAs are important regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression. Alteration in their expression and /or activity is believed to contribute to tumor development by deregulating the expression of cancer-related genes. Our work has been focused on studying the expression and function of microRNAs in urothelial carcinogenesis. In the first part, we employed a candidate gene approach to study miR-155, a oncomiR whose dysregulated expression has been reported in many cancers, but not in bladder cancer. I identified a significant overexpression of this miRNA in a subgroup of invasive bladder cancers. Next, I demonstrated a role for miR-155 in tumor invasion and migration, without any apparent effect on cell proliferation. In the second part, we used a more comprehensive approach in which I first conducted an extensive review of the literature to search for miR whose expression was already found to be deregulated and/or miR functionally involved in bladder cancer. I then performed a multiparametric analysis by integrating expression data of miR, pathological and molecular data (stage and grade, mutational status of FGFR3 and TP53, MRES epigenetic phenotype and CIS signature) data of the transcriptome (Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0), genomic alterations (370,000 chips Illumina probes) and methylation (Illumina chips 27,000 probes). This work allowed us to identify miRs associated with one or the other pathway linked to progression of bladder cancer and also, it revealed candidate targets for these miRs. The search for epigenetic alterations capable to affect the expression of those miRs showed significant association between expression of a particular miRNA (miR-17-5p) and the methylation of its promoter. Genetic alterations however, have failed to associate with expression of miR. Finally, this work suggests a list of good candidates miRNAs for which future functional studies should help to get insight into the role of these miRNAs
Lannes, Jérôme. "Les microARN et la fonction gonadotrope hypophysaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC236/document.
Full textGnRH is a hypothalamic neurohormone that stimulates synthesis and release of the pituitary gonadotropins, LH and FSH. Mammalian GnRH receptor lacks a C-terminal tail and is thus not submitted to homologous desensitization. Desensitization of gonadotrope cells to sustained exposure to GnRH relies on post-receptor mechanisms operating at different levels of the Gαq/11-mediated signalling pathway. GnRH was shown to modulate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), a new class of signalling regulators composed of small single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. The purpose of my PhD thesis was to investigate the role of miRNAs in contributing to the regulation of gonadotrope cells by GnRH and notably to its desensitization effect. I first demonstrated that a GnRH-induced rise in miR-132 and miR-212 in rat primary pituitary culture cells and in the LβT2 murine gonadotrope cell line was necessary for efficient stimulation of FSH production. We then showed that the miR-132/212-mediated action of GnRH involved a posttranscriptional decrease of SIRT1, a lysine deacetylase. The lower level of SIRT1 allowed an increase in the acetylated form of FOXO1, a transcriptional repressor of Fshb, leading to its exit from the nucleus and to an increase in FSH expression (Lannes et al, 2015). Then, I focussed on the involvement of miR-125b, a miRNA that was strongly inhibited in response to GnRH. We showed that miR-125b blocked the Gαq/11 signalling pathway, through the repression of several effectors of this pathway, without affecting the Gαs signalling pathway. Upon exposure to GnRH, miR-125b was inactivated by methylation on adenosine by the NSun2 RNA methyltransferase. This later enzyme was activated by a Gαs/PKA-dependent phosphorylation. We observed that the induction of miR-132 and PP1α phosphatase in response to GnRH depends on a Gαq/11 activation allowed by the inactivation of miR-125b. We demonstrated that NSun2 is a target of miR-132 and that phosphorylation of NSun2 is suppressed by PP1α. Kinetic analyses enabled us to decipher the desensitization mechanism to GnRH stimulation. During the induction phase, the Gαs/PKA activation led to lower miR-125b levels, allowing Gαq/11 signalling and hence, transcriptional activation of gonadotropins genes. Co-activation of miR-132 and PP1α contributed to the inactivation of NSun2 and a return of miR-125b back to its equilibrium state leading to Gαq/11 signalling inhibition and therefore, to the arrest of gonadotropins expression (Lannes et al, 2016). Our study shows for the first time the crucial role of a miRNAs regulatory loop in the GnRH-induced mechanism of desensitization. The ubiquitous nature of the actors of this regulatory loop suggests that it may play a more general role. Additional works carried out showed that GnRH induces the secretion of several miRNAs. In vitro, we demonstrated that the GnRH causes a calcium-dependent release of miR-125b and miR-132 in the extracellular medium by the gonadotrope cells. In vivo, we highlighted a miRNA-125b and -132 increase in serum at the time of the ovulating LH surge induced by GnRH in rats and women. These results suggest that the pituitary gonadotropic cell is capable of transmitting an original message in the form of miRNA, into the bloodstream. My PhD work unravels the key role played by miRNAs in the gonadotrope cells response to GnRH-sustained stimulation. They highlight the blocking effect of a single miRNA, miR-125b on the Gαq/11 signalling, a pathway activated by many other membrane receptors. They indicate the existence of a regulation loop responsible for the desensitization to GnRH but which could be more widespread. Finally, the secretion of miRNAs in blood flow induced by the GnRH that we show for the first time opens up particularly interesting perspectives on the nature of the signal generated by the gonadotrope cells and allows to consider the existence of new target tissues
Quero, Laurent Jean. "Radiosensibilité de lignées cellulaires prostatiques : effet du bicalutamide (Casodex®), rôles des microARNs." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T070/document.
Full textThe first aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of the association between bicalutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, and ionizing radiation in three prostate cancer cell lines. The second aim was to examine a possible a correlation between the expression of miR-210 or miR-373, the tolerance to hypoxia tolerance and the responses to radiation.We found that bicalutamide produced cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in the androgen receptor- positive LNCaP cell line. The androgen receptor-negative DU145 and PC3 cell lines were more resistant to bicalutamide. However, these cell lines were affected by high bicalutamide concentration with the same endpoints as for LNCaP cells. The inhibition of proliferation by bicalutamide was associated with G1 cell cycle phase arrest, increased expression of p27KIP1 protein, and decreased expression of HER2 protein. Last but not least, bicalutamide elicited a marked radioprotective effect in LNCaP cells when associated with concomitant irradiation. This result suggests that bicalutamide and radiotherapy should not be delivered in close temporal proximity, especially in case of hypofractionated radiotherapy protocols.Hypoxia is a well known radioresistance factor in tumors and is associated with a bad prognosis in prostate cancer. In this study, we found that hypoxia promotes the expression of HIF-1α, CA9, VEGF and miR-210 but not miR-373 in prostate cancer cell lines irrespective of their androgen receptor status.Our findings suggest that miR-210 expression is correlated with resistance to hypoxia and could be used as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer. Conversely, miR-210 inhibition did not impact the radiation susceptibility of PC3 prostate cancer cell line under hypoxia
Giroud, Maude. "Implication des microARNs dans la conversion des adipocytes blancs en adipocytes thermogéniques." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4082/document.
Full textThe recent discovery of functional brown adipocytes in adult humans has led to the consideration of their use to increase energy expenditure in the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Furthermore, in rodents and humans, islands of thermogenic adipocytes, termed “brite” (brown in white) adipocytes, emerge within white adipose tissue after cold exposure or β3-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Using hMADS cells, we identified several miRNAs regulated during “britening” including miR-125b and let-7i which showed lower levels in brite adipocytes. Functional analysis using miR-125b mimic or miR-125b inhibitor transfection revealed that miR-125b-5p acts as a brake of the browning of hMADS cells by impairing respiration rate as well as their mitochondrial content. miR-125b and let-7i levels were lower in brown compared to white adipose tissue. In vivo, we showed that both miRNAs levels were down regulated in mice sub-cutaneous white and brown adipose tissues upon β3-adrenergic receptors stimulation or cold exposure, which is associated with BAT activation and brite adipocyte recruitment. We found that injection of both miRNA mimics in subcutaneous white adipose tissue inhibited β3-adrenergic-induced brown adipocyte markers expression. Altogether, our observations showed that miR-125b and let-7i played an important role in the modulation of brite and brown adipocytes function targeting oxygen consumption and mitochondrial gene expression
Bouhallier, Frantz. "Rôle potentiel du microARN miR-34c au cours de la spermatogenèse." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10219.
Full textSpermatogenesis is a cyclic process in which diploid spermatogonia differentiate into haploid spermatozoa. This process is highly regulated, notably at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), single stranded non coding RNA molecules of about 20-25 nucleotides, are implicated in the regulation of many important biological pathways such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. We wondered whether miRNAs could play a role during spermatogenesis. First, miRNA expression repertory was tested in germ cells and we present data showing that miR-34c was highly expressed only in these cells. Moreover, in male gonads, miR-34c expression is largely P53-independent, in contrast to somatic cells. The exploration of the expression profile of HeLa cells over-expressing miR-34c showed a shift towards testis lineage and the presence of preferentially expressed in testis genes. Furthermore, we identified miR-34c direct target genes (TGIF2 and NOTCH2) that are involved in germ lineage differentiation control (TGFβ and Notch pathway respectively). These results established a link between a miRNA miR-34c and spermatogenesis. Moreover, in ES cells over-expressing DDX4 gene (VASA-ES cells), already primed and engaged in the germ cell lineage, ectopic expression of miR-34c has a more drastic effect. We could detect an up-regulation of germ specific genes. These data suggest that miR-34c could play a role by enhancing the germinal phenotype of cells already committed in this lineage
Espadinha, Anne-Sophie. "Identification de microARN impliqués dans la leucémogenèse." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0437/document.
Full textIn chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the activity of the constitutively active tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1 drives the activation of the PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. Among other consequences, activated or inhibited transcription factors induce important modifications of the CML cells gene expression pattern that could impact cell cycle control, apoptosis and genetic instability, leading to the expansion of the oncogene-transformed cells and to the acquisition of potentially harmful de novo mutations. However, indirect BCR-ABL1-dependant regulations might also occur, for instance through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs). Among the ~2000 miRNAs reported in humans, numerous species are up- or down-regulated in various cancer models. In the context of CML however, there is no clear consensus regarding the role of specific miRNAs, despite several studies. The first aim of this thesis was to study the effects of a clinically relevant concentration of imatinib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) that blocks BCR-ABL1, on the CML cell line K562: both the microRNA expression profile and the cells proteome were analyzed. Using microarray hybridization, RT-qPCR experiments and a functional assay, we identified miR-21 as one of the most significantly down-regulated microRNA in cells that were treated with imatinib. In parallel, a semi-quantitative proteomic approach identified the tumor suppressor programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) as the most over-expressed protein in imatinib-treated cells. We showed that miR-21 can bind to PDCD4 3'UTR and decrease its expression. The STAT5 - miR-21 - PDCD4 pathway was conserved in CML primary CD34+ cells, and to some extent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) models as well; the known functions of miR-21 and PDCD4 suggest that their regulation by BCR-ABL1 could participate in the antileukemic response triggered by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In the second part of this manuscript, we was interested in the immature stem cells population that cannot be eliminated by TKI. The underlying mechanisms of this resistance are not fully understood. The TKI-resistant CML stem cells reside in the CD34+/CD38low subpopulation, that can be sorted from the mononuclear cells fraction using FACS. In this project, we propose to describe the microRNA repertoire of the CML CD34+/CD38low cells to highlight the potential role of microRNA in the resistance mechanisms by identifying some of their targets, using bioinformatic and experimental approaches. This combination of miRNome and functional analysis would allow to increase the knowledge of the biology of the TKI-resistant CML stem cells. Our results have shown that the cellular fraction enriched in stem cells (CD34+CD38low) expressed specifically four microRNA: miR-10a, miR-146, miR-150 and miR-155. It is also interested to notice that only two of them, miR-150 and miR-155, are highly expressed in CML-patient CD34+CD38low cells compared to normal cells
Gastaldi, Cécile. "Études des microARNs dans le développement des carcinomes spinocellulaires cutanés." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4120/document.
Full textCutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) are the second most common cancer and are responsible for up to 25% of all skin cancer deaths. It is therefore essential to characterize the mechanisms responsible for epidermis carcinogenesis to develop new treatments. In this context, miRNAs appear to be prime targets for the development of future anti-tumor therapies. However, their involvement in the pathophysiology of cSCCs is still poorly documented. In this study, I identified using Small RNA sequencing, 112 miRNAs whose expression is altered during tumor development in a mouse model of cutaneous two-stage chemical carcinogenesis. Then, I focused my attention on the miR-193b/365a cluster and on miR-708, that are down-regulated during tumorigenesis, suggesting tumor suppressor functions. Consistent with this hypothesis, the ectopic expression of these miRNAs inhibit the proliferation, survival and migration of tumor cells, while blocking their action with antisense oligonucleotides stimulates these cellular functions in normal keratinocytes. Combining in silico target-prediction approaches and transcriptome analyzes of cSCC cells over-expressing these miRNAs, I identified their potential target genes. I validated KRAS and MAX as direct targets of miR-193b and miR-365a, and I showed that repression of these genes using siRNAs mimics the effects of these miRNAs. These results suggest that targeting these genes might mediate, at least in part, the tumor suppressor action of miR-193b and miR-365a in cSCCs
Muther, Charlotte. "MicroARNs et vieillissement épidermique : identification et exploration fonctionnelle de nouvelles cibles anti-âge." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1282.
Full textMicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. There are involved in many biological processes and play a key role in the regulation of skin homeostasis. However, their function during epidermal aging has never been studied. We performed an exhaustive analysis of the epidermal miRnome during its aging in order to identify microRNAs differentially expressed with age in this tissue. Several microRNAs significantly modulated in elderly keratinocytes, allowed us to establish a signature of epidermal aging. Among them, the two strands of the microRNA miR-30a are induced in aged epidermis. The construction of a lentivirus allowing inducible and stable overexpression of this microRNA facilitated its functional study in an organotypic model of reconstructed epidermis. We observed that the overexpression of this microRNA in a three-dimensional culture model induces an epidermal phenotype similar of those observed during its chronological aging characterized by a strong alteration of keratinocyte differentiation, by a disturbance of its barrier function and by an increase in the abundance of apoptotic cells. This thesis project allowed the identification of three miR-30a targets in keratinocytes : LOX encoding lysyl oxidase, which plays a role in proliferation/differentiation balance of keratinocytes, AVEN encoding a caspase inhibitor and IDH1 encoding isocitrate deshydrogenase, a key enzyme of cellular metabolism.Our work revealed a new miRNA actor and deciphered new molecular mechanisms to explain some alterations observed in epidermis during aging, especially those concerning keratinocytes differentiation and apoptotic death
Fluckiger, Aurélie. "Effet anti-tumoral de l'acide docosahexaénoïque : implication des microARNs et du TNFalpha." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS042/document.
Full textDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral properties. The anti-tumor effect of DHA in colorectal cancer might be attributed to direct anti-proliferative action on cancer cells and to its ability to reduce inflammatory status involved in tumor growth. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFa) is an inflammatory cytokine with paradoxical effect in cancer biology. According to the cellular context, TNFa activates RIP1 kinase dependent signaling pathway leading to proliferation or cell death. Our aim was to evaluate the role of TNFa in anti-proliferative effect of DHA in colon cancer cells and to precise the molecular mechanisms regulating TNFa expression.DHA treatment increased TNFa expression and secretion by cancer cells. We have shown that neutralization of autocrine TNFa action prevented the pro-apoptotic effect of DHA colon cancer cells and abolished anti-cancer effect in tumor HCT-116 bearing nude mice fed a DHA-enriched diet. Induction of TNFa expression by DHA occured at post-transcriptional level through microRNA miR-21 repression reducing its ability to induce TNFa mRNA degradation. DHA activates AMPKa and RIP1 kinases triggering nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Foxo3a which bound to miR-21 promoter and repressed the microRNA expression. Our works highlight a new molecular mechanism supporting the anti-cancer action of DHA