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Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial assessment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Foegeding, Peggy M. "Assessment of foodborne microbial risks." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 13, no. 14 (1991): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-4399(91)90074-6.

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2

DEVLIEGHERE, F., K. FRANCOIS, K. M. VEREECKEN, A. H. GEERAERD, J. F. VAN IMPE, and J. DEBEVERE. "Effect of Chemicals on the Microbial Evolution in Foods." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 9 (2004): 1977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.9.1977.

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In contrast with most chemical hazardous compounds, the concentration of food pathogens changes during processing, storage, and meal preparation, making it difficult to estimate the number of microorganisms or the concentration of their toxins at the moment of ingestion by the consumer. These changes are attributed to microbial proliferation, survival, and/or inactivation and must be considered when exposure to a microbial hazard is assessed. The number of microorganisms can also change as a result of physical removal, mixing of food ingredients, partitioning of a food product, or cross-contamination (M. J. Nauta. 2002. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 73:297–304). Predictive microbiology, i.e., relating these microbial evolutionary patterns to environmental conditions, can therefore be considered a useful tool for microbial risk assessment, especially in the exposure assessment step. During the early development of the field (late 1980s and early 1990s), almost all research was focused on the modeling of microbial growth over time and the influence of temperature on this growth. Later, modeling of the influence of other intrinsic and extrinsic parameters garnered attention. Recently, more attention has been given to modeling of the effects of chemicals on microbial inactivation and survival. This article is an overview of different applied strategies for modeling the effect of chemical compounds on microbial populations. Various approaches for modeling chemical growth inhibition, the growth–no growth interface, and microbial inactivation by chemicals are reviewed.

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White, David C., and David B. Ringelberg. "Monitoring deep subsurface microbiota for assessment of safe long-term nuclear waste disposal." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 4 (1996): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-053.

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Microbes with their resistance to heat and radioactivity, if present and metabolically active, could have major effects on the safety of nuclear waste disposal by posing potential problems in long-term containment. This paper reviews the applicability of the signature lipid biomarker (SLB) analysis in the quantitative assessment of the viable biomass, community composition, and nutritional/physiological status of the subsurface microbiota as it exists in situ in subsurface samples. The samples described in this review are not unlike those expected to be recovered from proposed deep subsurface disposal sites. Assessment of the microbial community ecology using SLB analysis can be utilized to predict potential problems engendered by microbial metabolic activities of these communities in breaching containment by microbially facilitated corrosion and in the potential for subsequent facilitated transport of nuclides into the environment. SLB analysis of the in situ microbial ecology can be utilized to monitor the feasibility of containment options in modeling tests at the specific disposal sites.Key words: nuclear waste, deep subsurface, microbiota, microbial corrosion, safe long-term storage, signature lipid biomarkers.

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4

Isaeva, Al'bina, Anna Krivonogova, Irina Donnik, and Kseniya Moiseeva. "Specific features of the microbial resistance assessment in pig breeding enterprises." Agrarian Bulletin of the 202, no. 11 (2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-202-11-59-63.

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Abstract. The aim of this work was to study the opportunistic microbiocenosis of a pig-breeding enterprise and analyze its resistance to antimicrobial drugs (AMR- status). Methods. For two years on the pig farm there were taken samples of microflora from the mucous membranes and teats of pregnant and farrowed sows, from the mucous membranes and skin of piglets of weaning, rearing, fattening groups; from equipment, fencing, surfaces and inventory in different technological areas. The microorganism isolates isolated from the samples were determined for their sensitivity to antibiotics, which are most often used in veterinary practice and feeding in this region. Results. It was established that the surveyed enterprise has an unfavorable AMR-status. The nucleus of the opportunistic microbiocenosis was represented by S. aureus, Ent. faecium and P. aeruginosa, which accounted for about 44 % of the isolated isolates, while the isolates of these microorganisms in 85 % of cases had reduced sensitivity or resistance to one or more antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was found mainly in S. aureus isolates, which in 16 % of cases were resistant to three antibiotics, and in 7 % of cases – to six studied antibiotics of various classes. Most often, multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus was detected in sows and piglets in the weaning phase. Also, during the research, there was found a high resistance of opportunistic microflora isolates to tetracycline, which had been used in this farm for more than three years. More than 10 % of tetracycline-resistant S. aureus and Ent. isolates were found on the skin and mucous membranes of fattening pigs. faecium, which indicated an increased risk of contamination of raw meat at the slaughter stage by microorganisms carrying genes for resistance to tetracyclines. The novelty of this work lies in obtaining relevant data on the AMR status of a pig-breeding facility and identifying the most unfavorable technological areas in terms of microbial resistance. The research is executed at the expense of a grant of the RSF (project No.18-16-00040).

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OS, Job, Bala JD, Abubakar AN, Mustapha A, Innocent OM, and Friday NN. "Nanotechnology in Water Quality: Assessment Application for Microbial Detection and Control." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 9, no. 4 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000308.

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Evaluation of water quality is critical for assuring the safety of drinking water, especially with the increasing incidence of microbiological pollutants. Traditional microbial detection and control methods, while successful, are time-consuming and may lack the sensitivity needed to detect infections at low concentrations. Nanotechnology has emerged as a significant tool in this field, providing novel approaches to quick pathogen identification and efficient disinfection. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in nanotechnology for assessing water quality, with a focus on nanosensors and nanomaterials. Nanosensors, such as gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, and magnetic nanoparticles, detect pathogens with great sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, nanoparticle-based disinfection systems that use materials such as silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles have shown high antibacterial activity. Nanocomposite membranes loaded with nanoparticles improve water filtration by both eliminating and inactivating microorganisms. Despite the potential of these technologies, issues including cost, scalability, and environmental safety must be addressed. This review indicates that nanotechnology has the potential to transform water quality monitoring and treatment by making it more efficient and accessible, especially in areas where clean water is rare.

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6

Narmadhadevi, V., and Shubashini K Sripathi. "Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives and Assessment of their Anti Microbial Activity." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research 4, no. 11 (2016): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.70729/ijser151098.

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7

Chaudhary, Anju. "Assessment of Microbial Quality of Khoa." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 8, no. 2 (2020): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.7691.

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8

Krimsky, Sheldon, Roger P. Wrubel, Inger G. Naess, Stuart B. Levy, Richard E. Wetzler, and Bonnie Marshall. "Standardized Microcosms in Microbial Risk Assessment." BioScience 45, no. 9 (1995): 590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312763.

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9

CASSIN, MICHAEL H., GREG M. PAOLI, and ANNA M. LAMMERDING. "Simulation Modeling for Microbial Risk Assessment." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 11 (1998): 1560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.11.1560.

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Quantitative microbial risk assessment implies an estimation of the probability and impact of adverse health outcomes due to microbial hazards. In the case of food safety, the probability of human illness is a complex function of the variability of many parameters that influence the microbial environment, from the production to the consumption of a food. The analytical integration required to estimate the probability of foodborne illness is intractable in all but the simplest of models. Monte Carlo simulation is an alterative to computing analytical Solutions. In some cases, a risk assessment may be commissioned to serve a larger purpose than simply the estimation of risk. A Monte Carlo simulation can provide insights into complex processes that are invaluable, and otherwise unavailable, to those charged with the task of risk management. Using examples from a farm-to-fork model of the fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburgers, this paper describes specifically how such goals as research prioritization, risk-based characterization of control points, and risk-based comparison of intervention strategies can be objectively achieved using Monte Carlo simulation.

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10

Coffey, Rory, Enda Cummins, Martin Cormican, Vincent O. Flaherty, and Stephen Kelly. "Microbial Exposure Assessment of Waterborne Pathogens." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 13, no. 6 (2007): 1313–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807030701655582.

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11

O’Toole, Joanne, Martha Sinclair, Manori Malawaraarachchi, Andrew Hamilton, S. Fiona Barker, and Karin Leder. "Microbial quality assessment of household greywater." Water Research 46, no. 13 (2012): 4301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.001.

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12

Kotb, Essam. "Activity assessment of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 97, no. 15 (2013): 6647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5052-1.

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13

Skovgaard, Niels. "Microbial risk assessment in food processing." International Journal of Food Microbiology 87, no. 1-2 (2003): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00035-7.

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14

Godfrey, S., and M. Smith. "Improved microbial risk assessment of groundwater." Hydrogeology Journal 13, no. 1 (2005): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0412-7.

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15

Tront, J. M., J. D. Fortner, M. Plötze, J. B. Hughes, and A. M. Puzrin. "Microbial fuel cell biosensor for in situ assessment of microbial activity." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 24, no. 4 (2008): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.006.

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16

VANDERIET, SHIRLEY J., and MARGY J. WOODBURN. "Microbial and Quality Assessment of Household Food Discards1." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 11 (1985): 924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.11.924.

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Quality aspects and microbial counts of household food discards were determined. Samples were analyzed for total aerobic and anaerobic plate counts, total coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, total anaerobes, Clostridium perfringens, and molds. The length of household storage time, the householder's reason for discard, the householder's safety assessment of the food and laboratory panel evaluations of off-odor, off-color and off-texture were compared to the laboratory microbial analyses. In 62% of the microbiologically analyzed foods, the householder did not make correct safety assessments. In 9% of the microbiologically analyzed foods, an assessment of safe was made by the householder for foods which wre determined to be at risk. Aerobic plate counts (APC) were made after incubation at 5, 20, and 35°C. Panel odor scores were more closely related to APC at 5°C than to those at 20 or 35°C.

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17

BARRAJ, LEILA M., and BARBARA J. PETERSEN. "Food Consumption Data in Microbiological Risk Assessment." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 9 (2004): 1972–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.9.1972.

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The 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards was held in July 2002. One of the goals of that conference was to evaluate the current status and future needs and directions of the science of microbial risk assessment. This article is based in part on a talk presented at that meeting. Here, we review the types of food consumption data available for use in microbial risk assessments and address their strengths and limitations. Consumption data available range from total population summary data derived from food production statistics to detailed information, derived from national food consumption surveys, about the types and amounts of food consumed at the individual level. Although population summary data are available for most countries, detailed data are available for a limited number of countries and may only be available in summary format. Despite the relatively large amount of detailed information collected by these national surveys, information crucial to microbial risk assessments, such as the specific types of foods, the eating patterns of susceptible populations, or an individual's propensity for consuming high-risk foods (e.g., eating undercooked hamburgers, raw shellfish, or temperature-abused foods), are not collected during these surveys.

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18

Kiani, Noor Ul Huda, Saba Farooq, Raees Ahmed, and Basharat Mahmood. "Comparative Assessment of Microbial Community in Compost Samples." Journal of Microbiological Sciences 4, no. 01 (2025): 31–42. https://doi.org/10.38211/jms.2025.04.89.

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Soil, composed of inorganic and organic materials, supports diverse microbial communities, including bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, which play essential roles in compost formation. Composting is a controlled biodegradation process that converts organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil conditioner. This study aimed to compare the microbial diversity and density in two compost samples (S1 and S2) prepared on campus. Sample S1 consisted of poultry waste, vegetable waste, and fruit waste, whereas Sample S2 was composed of vegetable waste and cow dung. Microbial isolation was performed using serial dilution, spread plate, and streak plate techniques. A total of 23 microbial isolates were obtained, including 12 bacterial, 6 fungal, and 5 yeast isolates. Bacterial density was significantly higher in S1 compared to S2, suggesting a potential influence of compost composition on microbial proliferation. Identified bacterial genera included Aeromonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Edwardsiella, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Shigella, and Streptococcus sp. Fungal isolates comprised Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Helminthosporium sp., while yeast genera included Saccharomyces, Candida, and Cryptococcus. The comparative analysis highlights the impact of compost composition on microbial diversity and suggests that poultry and fruit waste may enhance bacterial density more than cow dung-based compost. These findings provide insights into microbial contributions to compost stability and potential applications in soil conditioning and nutrient solubilization.

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19

Mishra, B. K., and S. K. Barolia. "Quality Assessment of Microbial Inoculants as Biofertilizer." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2020): 3715–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.428.

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20

Eissa, Mostafa Essam. "Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Pharmaceutical Products." PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 71, no. 3 (2016): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2016.007047.

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21

KOUTSOUMANIS, KONSTANTINOS. "Modeling Food Spoilage in Microbial Risk Assessment." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 2 (2009): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.2.425.

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In this study, I describe a systematic approach for modeling food spoilage in microbial risk assessment that is based on the incorporation of kinetic spoilage modeling in exposure assessment by combining data and models for the specific spoilage organisms (SSO: fraction of the total microflora responsible for spoilage) with those for pathogens. The structure of the approach is presented through an exposure assessment application for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef. The proposed approach allows for identifying spoiled products at the time of consumption by comparing the estimated level of SSO (pseudomonads) with the spoilage level (level of SSO at which spoilage is observed). The results of the application indicate that ignoring spoilage in risk assessment could lead to significant overestimations of risk.

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22

NAKAGAWA, Naoko, Kazuno YAMAKOSHI, Hana OE, and Masahiro OTAKI. "MICROBIAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPOST1NG TOILET." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 748 (2003): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2003.748_91.

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23

Parkin, Rebecca T. "Addressing Susceptibility in Microbial Pathogen Risk Assessment." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 10, no. 1 (2004): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807030490281025.

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24

Hamilton, Michelle A. E., and M. H. Ahmad. "Microbial Assessment of Poultry Processed in Jamaica." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 1, no. 4 (1992): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/1.4.389.

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25

Snary, E. L. "Antimicrobial resistance: a microbial risk assessment perspective." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 53, no. 6 (2004): 906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh182.

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26

Solomon, William R. "Airborne Microbial Allergens: Impact and Risk Assessment." Toxicology and Industrial Health 6, no. 2 (1990): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379000600208.

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27

JAMES, E., and M. JOYCE. "Assessment and Management of Watershed Microbial Contaminants." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 34, no. 2 (2004): 109–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643380490430663.

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28

Miliotis, M., S. Dennis, R. Buchanan, and M. Potter. "Role of epidemiology in microbial risk assessment." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 25, no. 9 (2008): 1052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652030802056618.

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29

Zwietering, M. H., and S. J. C. van Gerwen. "Sensitivity analysis in quantitative microbial risk assessment." International Journal of Food Microbiology 58, no. 3 (2000): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00275-0.

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30

Duffy, Siobain, and Donald W. Schaffner. "Quantitative risk assessment of microbial sampling effectiveness." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 24, no. 6 (2002): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-4399(02)80009-5.

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31

Brul, S., J. Bassett, P. Cook, et al. "‘Omics’ technologies in quantitative microbial risk assessment." Trends in Food Science & Technology 27, no. 1 (2012): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2012.04.004.

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32

NWACHUKU, N., and C. GERBA. "Microbial risk assessment: don’t forget the children." Current Opinion in Microbiology 7, no. 3 (2004): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2004.04.011.

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33

Sun, Chenhao, Constantinos Theodoropoulos, and Nigel S. Scrutton. "Techno-economic assessment of microbial limonene production." Bioresource Technology 300 (March 2020): 122666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122666.

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34

Bernatchez, Stéphane, Valar Anoop, Zeina Saikali, and Marie Breton. "A microbial identification framework for risk assessment." Food and Chemical Toxicology 116 (June 2018): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.040.

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35

Coleman, M. E., J. T. Cohen, H. G. Claycamp, and B. K. Hope. "Microbial Risk Assessment Scenarios, Causality, and Uncertainty." Microbe Magazine 2, no. 1 (2007): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/microbe.2.13.1.

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36

Iannucci, Leonardo, Marco Parvis, Pierangela Cristiani, Roberto Ferrero, Emma Angelini, and Sabrina Grassini. "A Novel Approach for Microbial Corrosion Assessment." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 68, no. 5 (2019): 1424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2905734.

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37

Hyvärinen, A., H. Rintala, S. Kokkonen, L. Larsson, and A. Nevalainen. "Microbial Exposure Assessment With House Dust Samples." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (2006): S227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00582.

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38

Im, Lee-Rang, and Ki-Rim Kim. "Assessment of Microbial Contamination of Dental Prostheses." Korean Journal of Clinical Dental Hygiene 12, no. 1 (2024): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12972/kjcdh.20240002.

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Objective: Various dental prostheses, such as crowns and dentures, are crafted in dental laboratories and then applied within the patient's mouth in dental institutions. However, dental workers rarely disinfect them before application. Therefore, we investigated the bacterial contamination of various intraoral prostheses to confirm the importance of infection control. Methods: Bacterial samples were collected from 23 dental prostheses (including six gold crowns, seven zirconia crowns, four porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, and six dentures) in dental laboratories and dental institutions in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. These samples were inoculated onto 3M Petrifilm for general aerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The colonies that formed after 48 hours of culture were counted. Results: General aerobic bacteria and S. aureus were detected on the majority of dental prostheses, with dentures showing the highest presence (p=0.003). Neither aerobic bacteria nor S. aureus showed statistically significant differences between dental institutions and laboratories. A positive correlation was noted between the denture and the denture in terms of general aerobic bacteria and S. aureus detection (r=0.829, p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, many bacteria were detected in most dental prostheses. Therefore, there is a need to recognize the risk of crossinfection through dental prosthesis and to establish specific infection control guidelines.

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39

Sohail, Rafeya, and Nazia Jamil. "Microbial Biosurfactant Screening: Diversity in Assessment Methods." Advancements of Microbiology 62, no. 3-4 (2023): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/am-2023-0013.

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Abstract Biosurfactants are a group of surface-active agents mainly produced by microorganisms and have a wide range of applications in industries as well as agriculture. Global usage of such biologically active compounds as detergents, bioremediation agents, cosmetic products is hugely dependent on their high production. New avenues of research have opened up due to this increased interest, most of which are focused on identifying specialized microorganisms capable of biosurfactant production. Screening methods for selection of biosurfactant producing bacteria are, therefore, of utmost importance in this endeavor. The aim of this review was to discuss various conventional and novel methods that can overcome the hurdles encountered in time effective, economical microbial biosurfactant screening. This review lists several important biosurfactant screening methods based on supernatant, biomass as well as culture media. New methods devised for biosurfactant screening in the last half decade such as surfactant dependent dye solubilization, metagenomic studies etc. are also explained in detail. A thorough grasp of both contemporary and anachronistic screening methodologies will not only lead to discoveries of novel native strains capable of biosurfactant production but also form the basis on which new screening methods can be devised.

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40

Lammerding, Anna M., and Aamir Fazil. "Hazard identification and exposure assessment for microbial food safety risk assessment." International Journal of Food Microbiology 58, no. 3 (2000): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00269-5.

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MILDENHALL, KRISTEN B., and SCOTT A. RANKIN. "Implications of Adenylate Metabolism in Hygiene Assessment: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 9 (2020): 1619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-087.

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ABSTRACT The assessment of a hygienic state or cleanliness of contact surfaces has significant implications for food and medical industries seeking to monitor sanitation and exert improved control over a host of operations affecting human health. Methods used to make such assessments commonly involve visual inspections, standard microbial plating practices, and the application of ATP-based assays. Visual methods for inspection of hygienic states are inherently subjective and limited in efficacy by the accuracy of human senses, the degree of task-specific work experience, and various sources of human bias. Standard microbial swabbing and plating techniques are limited in that they require hours or even days of incubation to generate results, with such steps as enrichment and colony outgrowth resulting in delays that are often incompatible with manufacturing or usage schedules. Rapid in conduct and considered more objective in operation than visual or tactile inspection techniques, swabbing surfaces using ATP-based assessments are relied on as routine, even standard, methods of hygienic assessment alone or in complement with microbial and visual inspection methods. Still, current ATP methods remain indirect methods of total hygiene assessment and have limitations that must be understood and considered if such methods are to be applied judiciously, especially under increasingly strict demands for the verification of hygiene state. Here, we present current methods of ATP-based bioluminescence assays and describe the limitations of such methods when applied to general food manufacturing or health care facilities.

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42

Jacxsens, L., J. Kussaga, P. A. Luning, M. Van der Spiegel, F. Devlieghere, and M. Uyttendaele. "A Microbial Assessment Scheme to measure microbial performance of Food Safety Management Systems." International Journal of Food Microbiology 134, no. 1-2 (2009): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.02.018.

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43

Job, O.S., Bala, J.D., Abdulraham, A.A., et al. "Microbial Source Tracking: An Emerging Technology for Microbial Water Quality Assessment: A Review." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 8, no. 1 (2023): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.014.

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Microbial Source Tracking is a scientific approach that primarily aims to identify the sources of faecal contamination in water bodies. Microbial Source Tracking (MST) is a set of techniques employed to identify the origins of faecal contamination in water. The capacity to track faecal bacteria to their source is a crucial aspect of both public health and water quality management. The utilisation of information obtained from the method of MST would provide water quality managers with an enhanced comprehension of the origins of contamination, thus facilitating the implementation of remedial measures to impede transmission. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the gut-associated bacteria of the order Bacteroidales, specifically the Bacteroides genus, has a tendency to undergo co-evolution with the host, making it a highly viable option for MST applications. However, it is noteworthy that MST is also facilitating the scientific community with effective techniques for tracing faecal bacteria and pathogens in water sources. The methodologies utilised in MST are frequently categorised as either Library-Dependent Methods (LDMs) or Library-Independent Methods (LIMs). Microbial source tracking has been employed for diverse objectives, such as ensuring adherence to regulations, remediating pollution, and evaluating risk. The implementation of MST is expected to mitigate the prevalence of waterborne illnesses resulting from contamination. The implementation of MST has facilitated the ability to anticipate the probable origins of faecal contamination and the associated health hazards linked to compromised water systems. In addition to conventional faecal indicators, these methodologies are suggested as means to furnish supplementary insights into the origins of pollution, as well as the ecological and public health ramifications of animal-derived water contamination. 

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44

AGHEDO, S. O., A. T. ADEKUNLE, R. O. OKUNDIA, U. ESEIMUDE, and J. A. OMOROGBE. "ASSESSMENT OF SOIL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT RUBBER PLANTATION AGES." FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 8, no. 1 (2022): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2022.0801.039.

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A study was carried out to investigate composition and diversity of the soil microbial communities in rubber plantations of different ages. Soil samples were collected from five different plantations aged 10, 13, 18, 23, 28 years old (latitudes 6º9ʹ27.08, 6º9ʹ27.78, 6º9ʹ20.59, 6º9ʹ28.21, 6º9ʹ27.60 (E) and longitude 5º35ʹ49.61, 5º36ʹ38.13, 5º35ʹ27.95, 5º36ʹ11.37, 5º37ʹ12.50 (N) respectively) at Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Iyanomo, Benin City. The laboratory experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture main laboratory and the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Bioscience Centre. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed changes in soil microbial diversity and composition over the different ages of rubber tree plantations. The ages of the rubber tree plantations had no significant effect on the microbial populations as it varied irrespective of the ages. The soil microbial diversity tend to increase with increasing rubber tree plantation ages and were highest in 28 year-old whereas 13 and 18 year-old had the lowest values of diversity. Microbial activity increased with increasing rubber ages with the highest being at 28 year old (73.2 µg/g Soil). The diversity of the soil microbes increased with the increase in diversity of the vegetation. Soil microbial diversity and composition in the different stages were closely related with soil properties. Soils with lower pH values of 4.0 and 4.1 had less diversed microbial communities than others.

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Swetha, S., and Ashish Jain. "Assessment of Microbial Growth and Salivary pH in Patients Wearing Fixed Partial Denture." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 11, no. 4 (2017): 1925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.11.4.33.

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Yadav, Rajesh K., Anil Mishra, and Rachna Sharma. "Assessment of microbial profile in the patients with diabetic foot: A Microbiological Study." Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research 4, no. 4 (2016): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/jamdsr.2016.4.4.23.

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BELOUS, MADALINA, MARIN MIHAIU, SORIN DAN, and ALEXANDRA TABARAN. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SPOILAGE MICROFLORA IN SWINE AND BROILER CARCASSES." Scientific Papers Journal VETERINARY SERIES 66, no. 1 (2023): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.61900/spjvs.2023.01.06.

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"The microbial load is of major importance in terms of the quality, sanity, and freshness of the meat. The aim of our study was to perform a microbial risk assessment at warm and chilled swine and broilers carcasses represented by the psychrotrophic bacteria. The research material was represented by swine and broiler carcasses collected in past years. The results showed a variation in swine and broilers microbiological carcasses. The point of interest was based on the microorganisms presented in both species. Microbial load from the surface of carcasses is significantly influenced by the temperature in the chilling room of the slaughterhouse, if the temperature is inadequate, the microbial load is significantly higher."

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SAKİN, Erdal, Halil İbrahim YANARDAĞ, Zemzem FIRAT, Ahmet ÇELİK, Vedat BEYYAVAŞ, and Suat CUN. "Some Indicators for the Assessment of Soil Health: A Mini Review." MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (2024): 297–310. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11665000.

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Soil health depends on a delicate balance of biological, chemical and physical parameters, each of which affects the overall vitality and productivity of the soil ecosystem. Biological parameters include organism populations, microbial diversity and enzyme activity. Organic matter content fuels microbial activity improves nutrient cycling and soil structure. Chemical parameters such as pH, nutrient levels and salinity determine nutrient availability and microbial function. Optimum pH levels sustain microbial diversity and enzymatic activity, which is crucial for nutrient cycling. Physical parameters such as soil texture, structure and porosity govern water infiltration, root penetration and air exchange. Adequate porosity ensures oxygen availability for root respiration and microbial activity, while soil structure determines water retention and drainage. These parameters are interconnected and changes in one aspect can propagate throughout the entire soil ecosystem. For example, increased organic matter increases microbial biomass and enzymatic activity, improving nutrient cycling and soil structure. Conversely, chemical imbalances or physical compaction can inhibit microbial function and degrade soil structure. Therefore, holistic soil management strategies should aim to synergistically optimise biological, chemical and physical parameters. Sustainable practices such as crop rotation, cover cropping and reduced tillage increase organic matter content, regulate pH levels and maintain soil structure. Monitoring and managing these parameters holistically promotes soil health, resilience to environmental stressors and long-term agricultural productivity while maintaining ecosystem integrity.

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D. B., Harkal. "Microbial Quality Assessment of Khoa Sold in Parbhani City of Maharashtra, India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 2 (2025): 1422–25. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67105.

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Khoa is required many desserts. Contaminated khoa may possess health risk when consumed raw or partially processed. Microbial quality assessment of khoa is an important step. Present Study was Planned for microbial quality assessment of khoa sold in Parbhani city of Maharashtra of India. The microbial quality of khoa was evaluated by assessing Total Viable Count (TVC). A total of 100 khoa samples were collected and screened during study. Microbial quality was assessed by estimating TVC. The mean TVC of khoa samples recorded was 2.755+0.139 x 106 and the range of TVC was found to be 0.61 x 106 to 9.68 x 106 . Sabaurdor's Dextrose Agar was utilized to isolate yeast and mould. It was found that khoa samples sold in Parbhani city have high microbial load. Fungal contamination was found in 32 samples in the form of yeast and Mould. High microbial load and fungal contaminants of khoa possess public health significance.

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Sarker, Ayesha, Sharmista Dash, Md Mozammel Hoque, Sultan Ahmed, and Md Rayhan Shaheb. "Assessment of microbial quality of water in popular restaurants in Sylhet city of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 1 (2016): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i1.27677.

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Microbial contaminations of drinking water constitute a major burden on human health. Interventions to improve the quality of drinking-water provide significant benefits to health. An assessment of microbial quality of water in the samples obtained from different popular restaurants of Sylhet City Corporation, Bangladesh were analyzed in the laboratory. Our aims were to find out the microbial properties of water, to analyze the potable water qualities of the restaurants and also to compare it with different standards to assess the health risk of people. The microbial tests viz. MPN, TVC and total coliform test were studied. Results revealed that all the water samples were fecal contaminated and had a great chance of contamination by other pathogenic bacteria. Results indicated that most of the samples were significantly positive to MPN test and TVC bacteria were highly significant. The risk score for coliform bacteria also remarked high risk for human health according to WHO standards and were not suitable as potable water. Our recommendations are therefore, water supply authority including restaurant owners should take necessary steps for the maintenance of microbial quality of water and microbial assessments should be done very often to leading a hygienic water distribution environment of the city.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 115-125, March 2016

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