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Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial-based toxicity assay'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sarver, Jeffrey G., Jill A. Trendel, Nicole R. Bearss, et al. "Early Stage Efficacy and Toxicology Screening for Antibiotics and Enzyme Inhibitors." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 17, no. 5 (2012): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057112438769.

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The rise in organisms resistant to existing drugs has added urgency to the search for new antimicrobial agents. Aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) catalyzes a critical step in an essential microbial pathway that is absent in mammals. Our laboratory is using fragment library screening to identify efficient and selective ASADH inhibitors. These preliminary agents are then tested to identify compounds with desired antimicrobial properties for further refinement. Toward this end, we have established a microplate-based, dual-assay approach using a single reagent to evaluate antibiotic a

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Laue, Heike, Lu Hostettler, Gordon Sanders, Georg Kreutzer, and Andreas Natsch. "PeBiToSens™: A Platform for PBT Screening of Fragrance Ingredients Without Animal Testing." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 74, no. 3 (2020): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2020.168.

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The determination of persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B) and toxicity (T) plays a central role in the environmental assessment of chemicals. Persistence is typically evaluated via standard microbial biodegradation tests. Bioaccumulation refers to the accumulation of chemicals in organisms and is usually assessed in fish exposed to the test chemical. Toxicity is determined at three trophic levels, with fish toxicity as the highest trophic level assessed. Thus, animal tests are classically needed for both B and T assessment. In vitro systems based on fish liver cells or liver S9 fractions ('RT-

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Philus, Chris Daniel, and Biswanath Mahanty. "Dynamic modelling of tetrazolium-based microbial toxicity assay—a parametric proxy of traditional dose-response relationship." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 33 (2021): 45390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13870-1.

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Nałęcz-Jawecki, Grzegorz, Jakub Mielniczek, Milena Wawryniuk, Joanna Giebułtowicz, and Agata Drobniewska. "The Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment (MARA) in the Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ofloxacin and Its Photoproducts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 6 (2025): 2595. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062595.

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Ofloxacin is one of the most commonly used antibacterial substances in the world. Like most medicines, it ends up in the environment through municipal sewage and undergoes various transformations, e.g., photodegradation. The aim of this study was an extensive analysis of ofloxacin photodegradation in both pure antibiotic and a commercial eye drop forms. In this study, a sunlight simulator, chromatographic methods of quantitative and qualitative determination, and biological methods for the evaluation of toxicity (Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment (MARA), Microtox® and Spirotox) were used. Th

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Papadopoulou, Maria V., William D. Bloomer, Howard S. Rosenzweig, et al. "Nitrotriazole- and Imidazole-Based Amides and Sulfonamides as Antitubercular Agents." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 11 (2014): 6828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03644-14.

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ABSTRACTTwenty-three 3-nitrotriazole-based and 2-nitroimidazole-based amides and sulfonamides were screened for antitubercular (anti-TB) activity in aerobicMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv by using the BacTiter-Glo (BTG) microbial cell viability assay. In general, 3-nitrotriazole-based sulfonamides demonstrated anti-TB activity, whereas 3-nitrotriazole-based amides and 2-nitroimidazole-based amides and sulfonamides were inactive. Three 3-nitrotriazole-based sulfonamides (compounds 4, 2, and 7) demonstrated 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), IC90, and MIC values of 0.38, 0.43, and 1.56 μM (com

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Nnawuike, Azorji John Paul, Angela Chika Udebuani, Nwachukwu Udodi Chibuike, et al. "Ecological risk evaluation of spent engine oil pollution using earthworm and microbial bioassays." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 8, no. 1 (2024): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v8i1.382.

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The study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological risk associated with the indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oil on terrestrial ecosystem using earthworm and microbial assays. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-20 cm and subjected to standard analytical protocols for analysis. Earthworms (assessed by mortality rate) and microorganisms (evaluated for inhibitory effects) covered a wide range of short-term lethal and sub-lethal endpoints used for risk characterization, analyzed through Probit analysis. The result of acute toxicity assay revealed that microbial absorbance rated depen

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Alothman, Zeid A., Ali H. Bahkali, Abdallah M. Elgorban, et al. "Bioremediation of Explosive TNT by Trichoderma viride." Molecules 25, no. 6 (2020): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061393.

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Nitroaromatic and nitroamine compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) are teratogenic, cytotoxic, and may cause cellular mutations in humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Microbial-based bioremediation technologies have been shown to offer several advantages against the cellular toxicity of nitro-organic compounds. Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma viride to degrade nitrogenous explosives, such as TNT, by microbiological assay and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. In this study, T. viride fungus was shown to have the a

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Almeida, Anna C., Viviane A. Andrade, Francine S. A. Fonseca, et al. "Acute and chronic toxicity and antimicrobial activity of the extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 8 (2017): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800010.

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ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and acute or chronic toxicity of the extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens. The stem bark dry extract was obtained by static maceration with ethanol. Quantification of tannins was performed by the Folin-Denis method, which indicated a total tannin content of 32.7%. The antimicrobial activity of the dry extract of S. adstringens was evaluated by agar-based disk diffusion assay with Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) in the concentration of 200, 400 and 600μL/mL. The results indicated that 600μL/mL inhib

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Smith, Kenneth P., Matthew G. Dowgiallo, Lucius Chiaraviglio, et al. "A Whole-Cell Screen for Adjunctive and Direct Antimicrobials Active against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 24, no. 8 (2019): 842–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555219859592.

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Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are an emerging antimicrobial resistance threat for which few if any therapeutic options remain. Identification of new agents that either inhibit CRE or restore activity of existing antimicrobials is highly desirable. Therefore, a high-throughput screen of 182,427 commercially available compounds was used to identify small molecules which either enhanced activity of meropenem against a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 screening strain and/or directly inhibited its growth. The primary screening methodology was a whole-cell screen/cou

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Tabaika, Pryandi M., Sri Dewi Astuty, Syamsir Dewang, Nur Umriani Permatasari, and Wahiduddin Wahiduddin. "The Comparison between Energy Density of Blue and Red Light which Activation Silver Nanoparticles to Inhibition Candida albicans Biofilms." Trends in Sciences 21, no. 8 (2024): 7702. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7702.

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Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a technique to inhibit microbial biofilm growth through the toxicity of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) compounds. ROS can be attack membrane, lipids, DNA and nucleic acid then initiate cell necrosis. This study aims to analyze the potential of red and blue LEDs to activating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to produce significant amounts of ROS that are believed to be toxic and lethal to Candida albicans biofilm cells. The effectiveness of the treatment in this study was evaluated through cell viability represented by Optical Density values and malondialdehyde lev

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Echeverri-Jaramillo, Gustavo, Beatriz Jaramillo-Colorado, Howard Junca-Díaz, and Claudia Consuegra-Mayor. "Towards the Development of Microbial Ecotoxicology Testing Using Chlorpyrifos Contaminated Sediments and Marine Yeast Isolates as a Model." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (2022): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102019.

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Chlorpyrifos (CP), a widely used pesticide, and its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP), are xenobiotic compounds detected in many biomes, notably in marine sediments, all over the world. These compounds are posing a serious environmental and health problem given their toxicity to wildlife and possible exposure effects to human neurodevelopment. Microorganisms at CP-impacted environments could harbor metabolic capabilities that can be used as indicators of the biological effects of the contaminant and could encode selected functions reactive against contaminants. Those features

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Woodhouse, Christine, and Sheldon J. B. Duff. "Treatment of Log Yard Runoff in an Aerobic Trickling Filter." Water Quality Research Journal 39, no. 3 (2004): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2004.032.

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Abstract Contaminated stormwater runoff from log yards is generated when precipitation comes into contact with wood, woody debris and equipment at outdoor wood sorting, processing and storage facilities. Nine runoff samples collected at a sawmill had biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), tannins and lignin (T+L), and total suspended solids (TSS) levels ranging from 25 to 745 mg/L, 125 to 4610 mg/L, 10 to 1505 mg/L, and 65 to 2205 mg/L, respectively. Six samples were acutely toxic (EC50 &lt;100%) based on the Microtox assay. The samples were effectively treated usin

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Kumar, Santosh M. "Biodegradation of Mandelonitrile Using Bacillus sp.: A Potential Approach for Environmental Remediation." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 12, no. 1 (2024): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9058.

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Mandelonitrile, a cyanogenic compound, poses environmental risks due to its toxicity and potential to release hydrogen cyanide. The potential technique for removing mandelonitrile from polluted environments is biodegradation. In this study, we investigated the isolation and identification of bacterial strains from soil samples for the biodegradation of mandelonitrile. The selective enrichment culture technique was used for isolation, using mandelonitrile as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. The isolated strain was identified and named Bacillus sp based on morphological studies and biochemic

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Sam, Femina, Deepak Vinod Francis, Joy Sarojini Michael, Maya Pavalasseril Ganesan, and Suganthy Rabi. "Replacing Formalin with Phenoxetol as an Immersion Medium in a Human Cadaveric Storage Facility – A Feasibility Study." Current Medical Issues 22, no. 1 (2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cmi.cmi_84_23.

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Abstract Background and Objectives: Formaldehyde is a well-known preservative commonly used to preserve anatomical specimens. However, due to concerns regarding its detrimental effects, phenoxetol has been explored for its role as an immersion agent. Hence, we aim to understand the properties of phenoxetol-based solution when used as an immersion medium for preserving gross anatomy specimens. Materials and Methods: Two sets of specimens were procured from the cadavers embalmed in formalin and one set of specimens was immersed in formalin-based solution and the other set in 1% phenoxetol. Any s

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P. Bhosle, Nilesh. "Biodegradation of Carbendazim (CRD) by Microorganisms Isolated from Pesticides Contaminated Soil." Journal of Plant Science Research 38, no. 2 (2023): 861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jpsr.2022.38.02.40.

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Excessive use of pesticides has been known to create hazardous to the environment, including affecting soil fertility may also impart toxicity in living organisms. Presently, there have been biological approaches implicated to reduce or eradicate pesticides through physical and chemical methods are inefficient. Microorganisms have a potential to mineralize carbendazim with the help of nutrient minimal mineral salt (MMS) medium and soil. Microorganisms were developed resistant against carbendazim MMS medium and they were identified based on its colony morphological characters and 16s rDNA gene

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Zubaidi, Muhamad Alfiyan, Jędrzej Proch, Piotr Konieczny, and Łukasz Tomczyk. "Toxicity Testing by the Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment (MARA) in Relation to Trace Elements Content in King Bolete (Boletus edulis) Collected in Several Sites of Poland." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094166.

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Boletus edulis (King bolete) is one of the most consumed wild mushrooms on a global scale, but this is particularly the case in Poland. Several studies have reported that mushrooms accumulate many potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Hg, Pb, and Cd, which may lead to adverse effects. Therefore, in this preliminary study, an assessment of the potential of a microbial assay for risk assessment (MARA) for ecotoxicological testing of both dried samples of fruiting bodies of King bolete collected from several sites of Poland and water extracts of mushrooms being tested were analyzed. An evalua

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Fernández-Acero, Teresa, Isabel Rodríguez-Escudero, Francisca Vicente, et al. "A Yeast-Based In Vivo Bioassay to Screen for Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Specific Inhibitors." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 17, no. 8 (2012): 1018–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057112450051.

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The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway couples receptor-mediated signaling to essential cellular functions by generating the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5- trisphosphate. This pathway is implicated in multiple aspects of oncogenesis. A low-cost bioassay that readily measures PI3K inhibition in vivo would serve as a valuable tool for research in this field. Using heterologous expression, we have previously reconstituted the PI3K pathway in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On the basis of the fact that the overproduction of PI3K is toxic in yeast, we tes

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Neacsu, Ionela Andreea, Sorina-Alexandra Leau, Stefania Marin, et al. "Collagen-Carboxymethylcellulose Biocomposite Wound-Dressings with Antimicrobial Activity." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051153.

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Microbial infections associated with skin diseases are frequently investigated since they impact on the progress of pathology and healing. The present work proposes the development of freeze-dried, glutaraldehyde cross-linked, and non-cross-linked biocomposite dressings with a porous structure, which may assist the reepithelization process through the presence of collagen and carboxymethylcellulose, along with a therapeutic antimicrobial effect, due to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) addition. Phisyco-chemical characterization revealed the porous morphology of the obtained freeze-dried composites

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Serrano, María Jesús, Luis Mata, Diego García-Gonzalo, et al. "Optimization and Validation of a New Microbial Inhibition Test for the Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Living Animals Intended for Human Consumption." Foods 10, no. 8 (2021): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081897.

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Even though antibiotics are necessary in livestock production, they can be harmful not only due to their toxicity, but also in view of their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Screening tests based on microbial growth inhibition appeared to be useful tools to prevent its entry into the food chain. They have nevertheless been traditionally carried out post mortem, leading to great economical loss and harm to the environment in case a positive sample is found. Hence, the objective was to evaluate the use of a screening test as an ante mortem alternative for the detection

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Sidek, Nurliyana A. M., Khairana Husain, Fhataheya Buang, and Mazlina Mohd Said. "Antiperspirant and Antibacterial Activities of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Extract as a Potential Alternative Treatment for Hyperhidrosis." Separations 10, no. 6 (2023): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10060324.

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Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by excessive sweating that affects at least 5% of the world’s population. It is normally associated with unpleasant body odour which requires continuous maintenance throughout life. Antiperspirants and deodorants are the first-line treatments for hyperhidrosis. However, association of this class of product with the risk of other diseases has increased the search for an effective antiperspirant from natural sources. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antiperspirant activities of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Using an in vitro microbial

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Leong, Chean Ring, Nurul Shahida Daud, Woei Yenn Tong, et al. "Gelatine Film Incorporated with Clitoria ternatea-Derived Anthocyanin Microcapsules, A Food Packaging Material Effective Against Foodborne Pathogens." Food Technology and Biotechnology 59, no. 4 (2021): 422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.59.04.21.7069.

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Research background. Microbial contamination of food products is one of the significant causes of food spoilage and foodborne illnesses. The use of active packaging films incorporated with antimicrobial agents can be a measure to improve food quality and extend shelf life. Nevertheless, antimicrobial agents such as silver, copper, titanium and zinc in the packaging films have raised concerns among consumers due to toxicity issues. Experimental approach. The current study aims to develop biodegradable gelatine- based edible films incorporated with microcapsules of Clitoria ternatea-derived anth

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Pillai Babu, Sethu Parvathy, RavI Rajagopalan Reshma, S. Rohan Sunil, R. Munisankar Sharathkumar, and Anand Thiyagaraj. "Biocompatible and sustained delivery of cinnamic acid using liposomal formulation." Research Journal of Biotechnology 19, no. 5 (2024): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1905rjbt09021.

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Cinnamic acid is an aromatic polyphenolic natural bioactive ingredient in ginseng, wheat, grains and cinnamon bark, among other substances. It is widely used in the manufacture of cosmetics, perfumes and as a flavor enhancer in the food industry. In recent years, cinnamic acid has been reported to have a variety of antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Liposomes are lipid-based nanoparticles that have received considerable attention in drug delivery research due to their strong biocompatibility and low toxicity. Their resistance to degradation, as well as

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Labu, Zubair Khalid, Samira Karim, Md Tarekur Rahman, Md Imran Hossain, Sarder Arifuzzaman, and Md Shakil. "Assessment of phytochemical screening, antibacterial, analgesic, and antipyretic potentials of Litsea glutinosa (L.) leaves extracts in a mice model." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0309857. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309857.

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Background Litsea glutinosa (LG) leaves have been traditionally used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments, including pain, fever, and microbial infections. This study aims to scientifically evaluate the therapeutic potential of cold methanol extracts of LG leaves, specifically focusing on their analgesic, antipyretic, and antibacterial activities. In addition, the research includes preliminary phytochemical screening to identify key bioactive compounds and an acute toxicity test to assess the safety profile of the extract. Methods In this study, we conducted an initial invest

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Mohanraj, Ushanandini, Xing Wan, Cindy M. Spruit, Mikael Skurnik, and Maria I. Pajunen. "A Toxicity Screening Approach to Identify Bacteriophage-Encoded Anti-Microbial Proteins." Viruses 11, no. 11 (2019): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11111057.

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The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance among many pathogenic bacteria has created a profound need to discover new alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophages, the viruses of microbes, express special proteins to overtake the metabolism of the bacterial host they infect, the best known of which are involved in bacterial lysis. However, the functions of majority of bacteriophage encoded gene products are not known, i.e., they represent the hypothetical proteins of unknown function (HPUFs). In the current study we present a phage genomics-based screening approach to identify phage HPUFs wit

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Kobetičová, Klára, Jan Fořt, and Robert Černý. "Toxic and Biodegradation Potential of Waste Tires for Microorganisms Based on Two Experimental Designs." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (2023): 4871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084871.

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Waste tires from traffic are a well-known environmental problem today. For this reason, the toxicity and potential biodegradation of crushed tires were tested in a respiration test with microorganisms. A non-specific soil microbial community was used. Two experimental designs and their effect on the results were compared—a test with the eluate from tires and a contact test, i.e., the solution containing tire particles during the test. The consumption of dissolved oxygen was measured in the assay over 28 days. The values obtained indicated zero biodegradation of all samples, but the toxicity of

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Velayutham, Manikandan, P. Snega Priya, Purabi Sarkar, et al. "Aquatic Peptide: The Potential Anti-Cancer and Anti-Microbial Activity of GE18 Derived from Pathogenic Fungus Aphanomyces invadans." Molecules 28, no. 18 (2023): 6746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186746.

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Small molecules as well as peptide-based therapeutic approaches have attracted global interest due to their lower or no toxicity in nature, and their potential in addressing several health complications including immune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis and cancer. This study proposed a peptide, GE18 of subtilisin-like peptidase from the virulence factor of aquatic pathogenic fungus Aphanomyces invadans, which elicits anti-cancer and anti-microbial activities. To understand the potential GE18 peptide-induced biological effects, an in silico analysis, in vitro

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Knight, Kristopher Adrian, Harrison C. Brown, Mathew S. Karpen, H. Trent Spencer, Christopher B. Doering, and Sunil S. Raikar. "Ancestral L-Asparaginases Are Cytotoxic Against ALL Cell Lines with Predicted Reduced Immunogenicity." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 4169. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-205342.

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L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a critical component of the chemotherapy regimen used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Current clinical L-ASNases are bacterial in origin, derived from either Escherichia coli or Erwinia chrysanthemi. Microbial L-ASNases share only ~30% sequence identity to human L-ASNase. Therefore, it is not surprising that they possess high allergenic and immunogenic risk profiles. Immune reactions to clinical L-ASNases have been reported in 5-30% of patients and ASNase discontinuation leads to significantly inferior disease-free survival (Gupta et al, JCO 2020), thu

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Hsieh, Sung-Chih, Nai-Chia Teng, Chia Chun Chu, et al. "The Antibacterial Efficacy and In Vivo Toxicity of Sodium Hypochlorite and Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Endodontic Irrigating Solutions." Materials 13, no. 2 (2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020260.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans and in vivo toxicity using embryonic zebrafish assays of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water (containing hypochlorous acid (HOCl))-based root canal irrigating solutions. Methodology: Using 100 μL microbial count of 1 × 108 cfu/mL Enterococcus faecalis to mix with each 10 mL specimen of NaOCl or HOCl for designed time periods. The above protocol was also repeated for Streptococcus mutans. The concentration of viable microorganisms was estima

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Hsieh, Yi-Ling, Jiun-Cheng Yao, Sung-Chih Hsieh, et al. "The In Vivo Toxicity and Antimicrobial Properties for Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Mouthwashes." Materials 13, no. 19 (2020): 4299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194299.

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The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water as a mouthwash through the evaluation of its in vivo toxicity by embryonic zebrafish and antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methodology: Each 1.5–3.0 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bromide (NaBr), or calcium chloride (CaCl2) were added into an electrolyzer with 300 mL of DD water to produce electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water. A zebrafish embryo assay was used to evaluate acute toxicity of specimens. Antimicrobial property was conducted with 100 μL microbial count of

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Purohit, Kruttika, Narsimha Reddy, and Anwar Sunna. "Exploring the Potential of Bioactive Peptides: From Natural Sources to Therapeutics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 3 (2024): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031391.

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Bioactive peptides, specific protein fragments with positive health effects, are gaining traction in drug development for advantages like enhanced penetration, low toxicity, and rapid clearance. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of peptide science, covering discovery to functional characterization. Beginning with a peptidomic exploration of natural sources, the review emphasizes the search for novel peptides. Extraction approaches, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and specialized methods for disulfide-linked peptides, are extensively covered. Ma

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Kim, Min-Seon, Jin-Soo Park, You Chul Chung, Sungchan Jang, Chang-Gu Hyun, and Seung-Young Kim. "Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Formononetin 7-O-phosphate, a Novel Biorenovation Product, on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells." Molecules 24, no. 21 (2019): 3910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213910.

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Biorenovation is a microbial enzyme-catalyzed structural modification of organic compounds with the potential benefits of reduced toxicity and improved biological properties relative to their precursor compounds. In this study, we synthesized a novel compound verified as formononetin 7-O-phosphate (FMP) from formononetin (FM) using microbial biotransformation. We further compared the anti-inflammatory properties of FMP to FM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. We observed that cell viabilities and inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production were gr

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Acosta-Cuevas, Cesia K., Jesús B. Páez-Lerma, Juan A. Rojas-Contreras, Lucio Rodríguez-Sifuentes, Ana K. Sánchez-Castañeda, and Nicolas O. Soto-Cruz. "Tolerance of Kluyveromyces marxianus Under Acetic Acid-, Isoamyl Alcohol-, Hydrogen Peroxide-, and Ethanol-Induced Stress." Fermentation 11, no. 4 (2025): 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11040171.

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Kluyveromyces marxianus is a yeast that can be used as a microbial factory. However, little is known about its response to stress conditions. This work evaluated the response of this yeast against ethanol, acetic acid, isoamyl alcohol, and hydrogen peroxide as stress agents. Cytotoxicity assays were performed to assess the residual viability using a direct method (CFU counting) and an indirect method based on the reduction in MTT. Then, fermentation kinetics were performed at IC30 and IC50 for each stress factor to evaluate the effect of moderate and intense stress. This work is the first repo

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Sheppard, Petra J., Eric M. Adetutu, Tanvi H. Makadia, and Andrew S. Ball. "Microbial community and ecotoxicity analysis of bioremediated, weathered hydrocarbon-contaminated soil." Soil Research 49, no. 3 (2011): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10159.

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Bioremediated soils are usually disposed of after meeting legislated guidelines defined by chemical and ecotoxicity tests. In many countries including Australia, ecotoxicity tests are not yet mandatory safety requirements. This study investigated the biotreatment of weathered hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in 12-week laboratory-based microcosms. Monitored natural attenuation resulted in ~43% reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon contaminant to 5503 mg/kg (C16–C35), making the soil suitable for disposal as waste under current guidelines (pesticide and metal contents within safe limits). 16S

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Obeid, Muhammad H., Jana Oertel, Marc Solioz, and Karim Fahmy. "Mechanism of Attenuation of Uranyl Toxicity by Glutathione in Lactococcus lactis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 12 (2016): 3563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00538-16.

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ABSTRACTBoth prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms possess mechanisms for the detoxification of heavy metals, and these mechanisms are found among distantly related species. We investigated the role of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which, in a large number of taxa, plays a role in protection against the toxicity of common heavy metals. Anaerobically grownLactococcus lactiscontaining an inducible GSH synthesis pathway was used as a model organism. Its physiological condition allowed study of putative GSH-dependent uranyl detoxification mechanisms without interference from additional reactive

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Hoffman, Paul S., Alexandra M. Bruce, Igor Olekhnovich, et al. "Preclinical Studies of Amixicile, a Systemic Therapeutic Developed for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infections That Also Shows Efficacy against Helicobacter pylori." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 8 (2014): 4703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03112-14.

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ABSTRACTAmixicile shows efficacy in the treatment ofClostridium difficileinfections (CDI) in a mouse model, with no recurrence of CDI. Since amixicile selectively inhibits the action of a B vitamin (thiamine pyrophosphate) cofactor of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), it may both escape mutation-based drug resistance and spare beneficial probiotic gut bacteria that do not express this enzyme. Amixicile is a water-soluble derivative of nitazoxanide (NTZ), an antiparasitic therapeutic that also shows efficacy against CDI in humans. In comparative studies, amixicile showed no toxicity to

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Abadilla, Janielle Mari S., Bor-Yann Chen, Mike Anthony D. Ganzon, et al. "Pharmacological Potential and Electrochemical Characteristics of Typha angustifolia Pollen." Plants 13, no. 20 (2024): 2857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13202857.

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Typha angustifolia L. (TA) pollen has been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine for treating various internal and external traumas. Moreover, bioactive compounds possess diverse pharmacological activities. This study aims to evaluate the antiviral properties of TA based on its ability to generate bioenergy, capable of inhibiting viruses. TA pollens were extracted using water and ethanol solvents. These extracts were utilized to identify the phytochemical contents and correlate with the antioxidant activity via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FR

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Galdino, Anna Clara Milesi, Lívia Viganor, Matheus Mendonça Pereira, et al. "Copper(II) and silver(I)-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione complexes interact with double-stranded DNA: further evidence of their apparent multi-modal activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa." JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 27, no. 1 (2022): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00775-021-01922-3.

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AbstractTackling microbial resistance requires continuous efforts for the development of new molecules with novel mechanisms of action and potent antimicrobial activity. Our group has previously identified metal-based compounds, [Ag(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)2]ClO4 (Ag-phendione) and [Cu(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)3](ClO4)2.4H2O (Cu-phendione), with efficient antimicrobial action against multidrug-resistant species. Herein, we investigated the ability of Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione to bind with double-stranded DNA using a combination of in silico and in vitro approaches. Molecular doc

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Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka, Bożena Smreczak, and Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach. "Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment of the Agricultural Area under a High Anthropopressure Based on Chemical, Ecotoxicological and Ecological Indicators." Agriculture 13, no. 7 (2023): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13071353.

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Agricultural land is often located close to highly urbanised/industrialised areas and is subject to continuous anthropogenic pressure associated with the emission of many pollutants, ultimately deposited in the soil. Most studies on ecological risk assessment have only analysed the total contaminants’ concentration, which does not reflect their bioavailability or toxicity and often leads to an overestimation of risk. Therefore, in our study, we used an interdisciplinary approach, whereby the final conclusions about the risk in a given area are based on the integration of detailed data from che

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El Kawak, Michelle, Jana Al Hassanieh, Marwa Berjawi, et al. "Cytotoxicity of water supply in a Palestinian refugee camp and a Syrian informal tented settlement in Lebanon." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (2024): e0294679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294679.

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Deficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) significantly account for a high burden of disease across the globe. Lebanon, an Eastern Mediterranean lower-middle-income country with a polluted environment, a fragmented healthcare system, and an ongoing severe economic crisis, faces serious challenges in sustaining safe water supplies, especially in vulnerable communities, while also hosting the world highest refugee population per capita. This study aimed to examine the mutagenicity, and the estrogenic and androgenic activities of water supplies, across both a Palestinian refugee camp and a

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Nesrine, Lenchi, Kebbouche Salima, Khelfaoui Mohamed Lamine, et al. "Phylogenetic characterization and screening of halophilic bacteria from Algerian salt lake for the production of biosurfactant and enzymes." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.005.02.0294.

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Environments containing significant concentration of NaCl such as salt lakes harbor extremophiles microorganisms which have a great biotechnology interest. To explore the diversity of Bacteria in Chott Tinsilt (Algeria), an isolation program was performed. Water samples were collected from the saltern during the pre-salt harvesting phase. This Chott is high in salt (22.47% (w/v). Seven halophiles Bacteria were selected for further characterization. The isolated strains were able to grow optimally in media with 10–25% (w/v) total salts. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed by

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Ünal, Arzu. "Development of Enzymatic Microtoxicity Test for the Toxicity Assay of Chlorophenolic Compounds." Asian Journal of Biology, June 1, 2020, 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2020/v9i230083.

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Enzymes are proteins that serve as catalysts of biological reactions in the animal, plant, and microbial cells. They are quite specific concerning with regard to their substrates. Enzymes lower the activation energy and increase the rate of biochemical reactions. According to the type of reaction catalyzed, enzymes are currently subdivided into six classes, namely oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. The effects of toxic chemicals and chlorophenolic compounds on enzyme activity are determined by fast, useful, and simple enzymatic methods. These meth

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Vijay, Neha, Mohamad Taleuzzaman, Sharwan Hudda, and Nisha Choudhary. "In Vitro Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Extracts from Ocimum basilicum Leaves Validated by Molecular Docking and ADMET Analysis." Chemistry & Biodiversity, October 21, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202401969.

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The aim of study is to investigate the various mechanism‐based antioxidant and anti‐fungal properties of a hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum L leaves. Additionally, conduct molecular docking to simultaneously validate in vitro activities. Also, perform ADMET analysis to know pharmacokinetic properties and its toxicity for its safety. Prior extract’s qualitative analysis has been performed to identify the bioactive compounds by phytochemical tests and GC‐MS analysis. Different mechanism‐based in vitro antioxidant methods are studied; in different methods, different IC50 values have com

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Khwaza, Vuyolwethu, Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji, Blessing A. Aderibigbe, et al. "Synthesis, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity evaluation of oleanolic acid-4-aminoquinoline based hybrid compounds." Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery 16 (February 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891x16666210210165547.

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Aim: To prepare a class of oleanolic-based compounds. Background: Conventional drugs used to treat infectious diseases suffer from limitations such as drug toxicity and drug resistance. The resistance of microbes to antimicrobial agents is a significant challenge in treating microbial infections. Combining two or more drugs with different modes of action to treat microbial infections results in a delay in developing drug resistance by the microbes. However, it is challenging to select the appropriate choice of drugs for combination therapy due to the differences in stability and pharmacokineti

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Mombeshora, Molly, and Stanley Mukanganyama. "Antibacterial activities, proposed mode of action and cytotoxicity of leaf extracts from Triumfetta welwitschii against Pseudomonas aeruginosa." BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 19, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2713-3.

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Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a main cause of Gram-negative infection, particularly in patients with compromised immunity. High rates of resistance to antibiotics are associated with nosocomial infections caused by P. aeruginosa strains. The search for novel antimicrobials has been necessitated by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in some bacteria Plant-based antimicrobials has great potential to combat microbial infections using a variety of mechanisms. Triumfetta welwitschii plant roots are traditionally used to treat symptoms of diarrhoea and fever, suggestin

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Tadele, Markos, Solomon M. Abay, Peter Asaga, Eyasu Makonnen, and Asrat Hailu. "In vitro growth inhibitory activity of Medicines for Malaria Venture pathogen box compounds against Leishmania aethiopica." BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 22, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-021-00538-2.

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Abstract Introduction Leishmania aethiopica (L. aethiopica) is responsible for different forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia. Treatment heavily depends on limited drugs, together with drawbacks like toxicity and microbial resistance. The current research aimed to investigate in vitro growth inhibitory activity of Medicines for Malaria Ventures - Pathogen Box (MMV - PB) compounds against L. aethiopica clinical isolate. Methodology Four hundred MMV – PB compounds were screened against L. aethiopica using resazurin based colourimetric assay. Compounds with > 70% inhibition were f

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Probst, Silke I., Florian D. Felder, Victoria Poltorak, Ritesh Mewalal, Ian K. Blaby, and Serina L. Robinson. "Enzymatic carbon–fluorine bond cleavage by human gut microbes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122, no. 24 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2504122122.

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Fluorinated compounds are used for agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and numerous industrial applications, resulting in global contamination. In many molecules, fluorine is incorporated to enhance the half-life and improve bioavailability. Fluorinated compounds enter the human body through food, water, and xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals, exposing gut microbes to these substances. The human gut microbiota is known for its xenobiotic biotransformation capabilities, but it was not previously known whether gut microbial enzymes could break carbon–fluorine bonds, potentially altering the toxicit

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TING CHEN, JUIN, ADRIAN TEO, and SURAJIT BHATTACHARJYA. "888-P: Targeting Toxic Human IAPP Aggregation in Type 2 Diabetes Development with Antimicrobial Peptides." Diabetes 74, Supplement_1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.2337/db25-888-p.

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Introduction and Objective: Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is a pancreatic β-cell neuropeptide hormone co-secreted with insulin. However, it is also amyloidogenic. The hypersecretion of hIAPP in pre-diabetes is hypothesised to induce its aggregation, which may contribute to β-cell failure during T2D progression. Currently, no hIAPP aggregation inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials. Our study aims to identify anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) that can inhibit hIAPP aggregation and rescue the pancreatic β-cells from hIAPP-induced toxicity. Methods: Thioflavin T (ThT) binding assay wa

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Russ, E., J. Ziemons, L. E. Hillege, et al. "Evaluation of potential biomarkers during irinotecan-based systemic treatment for colorectal cancer—study protocol of the OPTIMA study." BMC Cancer 25, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14500-6.

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Abstract Background Patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) commonly receive irinotecan-based systemic treatment to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life (QoL), and prolong overall survival (OS). However, predicting efficacy and toxicity of the treatment is challenging. Previous research indicated an association between the tumor molecular profile and response to irinotecan-based systemic treatment. Moreover, the UGT1A1 genotype of the patient, and the activity of the gut microbial enzyme β-glucuronidase (GUS) have been suggested as biomarkers for the development of systemic (e.g.

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Ghosh, Tamoghna, Santosh Kumar Srivastava, Amit Gaurav, et al. "A Combination of Linalool, Vitamin C, and Copper Synergistically Triggers Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Damage and InhibitsSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaSerovar Typhi andVibrio fluvialis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85, no. 4 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02487-18.

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ABSTRACTInappropriate and disproportionate use of antibiotics is contributing immensely to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial species associated with food contamination. The use of natural products in combination can be a potent alternative hurdle strategy to inactivate foodborne pathogens. Here, we explored the pro-oxidant properties of essential oillinalool andvitamin C in combination withcopper (LVC) in combating the foodborne pathogensVibrio fluvialisandSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhi using a three-dimensional (3D) checkerboard microdilution assay. Antibac

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Wang, Yi, David E. Berthold, Jing Hu, Forrest W. Lefler, I‐Shuo Huang, and H. Dail Laughinghouse. "Novel diversity within Roseofilum (Desertifilaceae, Cyanobacteria) from marine benthic mats with description of four new species." Journal of Phycology, October 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpy.13392.

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AbstractBenthic cyanobacterial mats (BCMs) are natural phenomena in marine environments. Reports of BCMs occurring across coastal marine environments have increased, partly driven by nutrient loading and climate change; thus, there is a need to understand the diversity involved in the proliferations and potential toxicity of the BCMs. Furthermore, marine cyanobacterial mats are observed growing on and affecting the health of corals with one specific cyanobacterial genus, Roseofilum, dominating the microbial mats associated with black band disease (BBD), a destructive polymicrobial disease that

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