Journal articles: 'Microbial bioindicators'

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Lixia, Zhou. "Soil microbial characteristics as bioindicators of soil health." Biodiversity Science 15, no. 2 (2007): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/biodiv.060290.

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STOIAN, Vlad, Roxana VIDICAN, Ioan ROTAR, and Florin PĂCURAR. "Dynamics of Microbial Indicators in Waste Water." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 74, no. 2 (November 26, 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:0036.

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Water ecosystems are constantly under the pressure of a high number of biotic and abiotic factors, and their action leads to the occurrence of fluctuations in species and populations. The specific response of organisms to external pressures leads to the reorganization of ecosystems, with qualitative and quantitative changes. The aim is to identify the microbial groups with the highest potential in the waste waters. Data were collected during 2015-16 in Bistrita. Identifying the bioindicators quality of microorganisms and their importance in ecosystems was done by comparing them with international databases. The use of microorganisms as bioindicators involves knowing the requirements for one or more environmental variables. The concept refers to the ability of microorganisms to accumulate pollutants. Flagellates are tolerant to acidity and react quickly and with sensitivity to environmental stress by inhibiting their movement. The multiplication of flagellates and filamentous bacteria is manifested through water disturbance and foam production.

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Lemoinne, Sara, and Philippe Marteau. "Gut microbial profile in primary biliary cholangitis: Towards bioindicators." Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology 41, no. 5 (October 2017): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2017.06.002.

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Guglielmo, L., F. Azzaro, C. Baviera, A. Bergamasco, S. N. Bissett, C. Brugnano, G. Caruso, et al. "Multidisciplinary ecological assessment of the Alcantara River (Sicily, Italy) using bioindicators." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 4 (2014): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13044.

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This study was developed within the framework of a broad international project, ‘Ecological water quality assessment of the Alcantara (Italy), James (USA) and Guadalfeo (Spain) rivers using bioindicators’, established by the Center for Integrative Mediterranean Studies (CIMS), a collaborative research centre consisting of the University of Messina – Italy, Virginia Commonwealth University – USA, and the University of Cordoba – Spain. The primary objective of the study was the validation of a multi-disciplinary ecological approach at different taxonomic levels for biomonitoring of the Alcantara River (Sicily, Italy) using bioindicators. This study examined the primary physical, chemical and biological features of the river through an interdisciplinary and synoptic approach using bioindicators that included riparian plant physiology, the microbial, zooplanktonic and macroinvertebrate assemblages, Coleoptera (Insecta) and river hydrology. Sampling of the river and riparian areas was conducted at sites from the river’s headwaters to the mouth. The study provided information on the ecological status of the Alcantara River along its course and tested the use of a variety of bioindicators, rather than a single biotic or physicalattribute, to determine the river’s health.

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Spiller, Márcia Soares, Claiton Spiller, and Juliana Garlet. "Arthropod bioindicators of environmental quality." REVISTA AGRO@MBIENTE ON-LINE 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v12i1.4516.

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The phylum Arthropoda is one of the most diverse groups under the terrestrial surface comprising different classes of insects that occupy different environments. Some groups have a close relationship with the habitat they occupy, responding significantly to changes in the environment, thus indicating the level of change in the environment by their presence or absence. The present study aimed to demonstrate the importance of edaphic fauna as a bioindicator of environmental quality. This is a bibliographic review based on specialized consultation of scientific articles in the databases Google Scholar, SciELO-Scientific Electronic Library and ResearchGate. The studies found that environmental quality can be measured from the diversity and abundance of arthropods that live and perform their functions in the soil. Macrofauna influences important soil chemical and physical processes such as nutrient cycling, structuring and homogenization, and increased productivity, among others. The mesofauna, besides acting on soil properties, acts on the regulation of microbial populations, is sensitive to changes and responds promptly. The groups Acari, Collembola, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Araneae are indicated in several studies as potential bioindicators because they are commonly sampled in different environments. The factors identified as conditioning factors of the presence of these groups are environmental heterogeneity, type of vegetation cover and availability of litter, applied management system, seasonality, soil characteristics, and anthropic activities, among others. In short, because they respond quickly, the changes are considered to be efficient biological indicators; therefore, knowing the diversity of species and their degree of interaction with the environment allows us to analyze the effects of anthropic modifications in ecosystems.

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Pimentel, Márcio Sampaio, Helvécio De-Polli, Adriana Maria de Aquino, Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia, and Janaina Ribeiro Costa Rouws. "Bioindicators of soil quality in coffee organic cultivation systems." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 46, no. 5 (May 2011): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2011000500013.

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The objective of this work was to assess the effect of different coffee organic cultivation systems on chemical and biological soil characteristics, in different seasons of the year. The following systems were evaluated: coffee intercropped with one (CJ1), two (CJ2) or three (CJ3) pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) alleys; coffee planted under full sun (CS); area planted with sweet pepper and snap bean in a conventional tillage system (AC); and secondary forest area (FFR). Row spacing in CJ1, CJ2, CJ3 and CS was 2.0x1.0, 2.8x1.0, 3.6x1.0, and 2.8x1.0 m, respectively. Soil samples were collected at 10-cm depth, during the four seasons of the year. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and redundancy analysis. There was an increase in edaphic macrofauna, soil basal respiration, and microbial quotient in the summer. Total macrofauna density was greater in CJ2 followed by CJ3, CS, CJ1, AC and FFR; Coleoptera, Formicidae, and Isoptera were the most abundant groups. There are no significant differences among the areas for soil basal respiration, and the metabolic quotient is higher in CJ1, CJ3, and FFR. Microbial biomass carbon and the contents of K, pH, Ca+Mg, and P show greater values in AC.

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Moreira, Macarius Cesar Di Lauro, Deonir Secco, Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior, Luciene Kazue Tokura, Araceli Ciotti de Marins, Maurício Antônio Pilatti, and Bruna De Villa. "Biological Quality Indicators of a Haplortox Soil Under Different Management Systems in Southern Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 5 (April 11, 2018): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n5p250.

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The research was looking for the quick response of soil's microbiota to soil changes caused by management systems, changes to which biological indicators of soil quality are sensitive. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of seven soil management systems, including in on hand covers of Pennisetum glaucum (PG), Avena strigosa (AS), Stizolobium aterrimum (SA), EF Pisum sativum (PS) + Avena strigosa (AS), and on the other hand, No soil tillage with gypsum application (NTSG), No soil tillage with scarification (NTSS) and No soil tillage (NTS), on soil quality bioindicators. The bioindicators recorded from top soil samples were collected from the first 10 cm at pre-planting, at pre-flowering and at post-harvest of the soybean, from July 2014 to March 2015 were Total organic carbon (TOC), Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), Soil basal respiration, Respiratory coefficient (qCO2), Microbial coefficient (qMIC), and its relationship with soybean yields. The seven treatments were arranged in the field according to a completely randomized experimental, Analysis of variance (Anova) for each of the bioindicators and comparison of treatment mean values using Tukey test at 5% probability were carried out. SA, the AS+PS consortium and the no-tillage system led to significant improvement of the biological attributes of the soil. The management systems did not change the yield of soybean grain.

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Mason, L. M., A. Eagar, P. Patel, C. B. Blackwood, and J. L. DeForest. "Potential microbial bioindicators of phosphorus mining in a temperate deciduous forest." Journal of Applied Microbiology 130, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.14761.

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Witt, Verena, Christian Wild, and Sven Uthicke. "Terrestrial Runoff Controls the Bacterial Community Composition of Biofilms along a Water Quality Gradient in the Great Barrier Reef." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 21 (August 17, 2012): 7786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01623-12.

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ABSTRACT16S rRNA gene molecular analysis elucidated the spatiotemporal distribution of bacterial biofilm communities along a water quality gradient. Multivariate statistics indicated that terrestrial runoff, in particular dissolved organic carbon and chlorophyllaconcentrations, induced shifts of specific bacterial communities between locations and seasons, suggesting microbial biofilms could be suitable bioindicators for water quality.

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Moscatelli, M. C., A. Lagomarsino, S. Marinari, P. De Angelis, and S. Grego. "Soil microbial indices as bioindicators of environmental changes in a poplar plantation." Ecological Indicators 5, no. 3 (August 2005): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.03.002.

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Kim, Nakian, María C. Zabaloy, Chance W. Riggins, Sandra Rodríguez-Zas, and María B. Villamil. "Microbial Shifts Following Five Years of Cover Cropping and Tillage Practices in Fertile Agroecosystems." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111773.

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Metagenomics in agricultural research allows for searching for bioindicators of soil health to characterize changes caused by management practices. Cover cropping (CC) improves soil health by mitigating nutrient losses, yet the benefits depend on the tillage system used. Field studies searching for indicator taxa within these systems are scarce and narrow in their scope. Our goal was to identify bioindicators of soil health from microbes that were responsive to CC (three levels) and tillage (chisel tillage, no-till) treatments after five years under field conditions. We used rRNA gene-based analysis via Illumina HiSeq2500 technology with QIIME 2.0 processing to characterize the microbial communities. Our results indicated that CC and tillage differentially changed the relative abundances (RAs) of the copiotrophic and oligotrophic guilds. Corn–soybean rotations with legume–grass CC increased the RA of copiotrophic decomposers more than rotations with grass CC, whereas rotations with only bare fallows favored stress-tolerant oligotrophs, including nitrifiers and denitrifiers. Unlike bacteria, fewer indicator fungi and archaea were detected; fungi were poorly identified, and their responses were inconsistent, while the archaea RA increased under bare fallow treatments. This is primary information that allows for understanding the potential for managing the soil community compositions using cover crops to reduce nutrient losses to the environment.

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Sharma, Sandeep, Jatinder Kaur, H. S. Thind, Yadvinder Singh, Neha Sharma, and Kirandip Kirandip. "A framework for refining soil microbial indices as bioindicators during decomposition of various organic residues in a sandy loam soil." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.669.

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Assessment of soil quality is an invaluable tool in determining the sustainability and environmental impact of agricultural ecosystems. Soil microbial indices like microbial biomass and microbial activity are important criteria for the determination of soil quality. Laboratory incubation study was undertaken to examine the influence of eight crop residues widely varying in biochemical composition on the periodic changes in important soil microbial indices {(microbial (Cmic: Corg), metabolic (qCO2), carbon mineralization (qC) and microbial biomass change rate (qM) quotients)} at 28 days and 63 days after incubation (DAI) in a sandy loam soil. A. sativa amended soil showed maximum soil respiration rate (14.23 mg CO2-C g-1 soil day-1) whereas T. aestivum amended soil showed maximum microbial biomass C (790 µg/g). The metabolic quotient among different crop residues ranged from 11.1 to 19.8 μg CO2-C μg-biomass-C-1 h-1 at 63 DAI. The results indicate that incorporation of different crop residues has positive effect on microbial flora and their activity. Microbial quotient (Cmic:Corg) was significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon (MBC), qC and qM. The study suggests that the biochemical composition of different crop residues seems to be of better option for long term sustainable crop production with maintenance of soil quality in a sandy loam soil.

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Pankhurst, CE, BG Hawke, HJ McDonald, CA Kirkby, JC Buckerfield, P. Michelsen, KA O'Brien, VVSR Gupta, and BM Doube. "Evaluation of soil biological properties as potential bioindicators of soil health." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 7 (1995): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9951015.

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Two long-term field trials in South Australia were used to detect and characterise changes in soil biological properties that were a consequence of different agricultural management. The properties examined were total bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes; total pseudomonads; cellulolytic bacteria and fungi; mycorrhizal fungi; plant root pathogens (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium irregulare); bacterial-feeding protozoa; soil mesofauna (collembola and acari); earthworms; microbial biomass; C and N mineralisation; in situ CO2 respiration; cellulose decomposition; and soil enzyme activity (peptidase, phosphatase, sulfatase). The sensitivity of these biological properties was assessed to tillage (no-tillage v. conventional cultivation), stubble management (stubble retained v. stubble harvested), crop rotation (continuous wheat v. wheat-sown pasture), and N fertilisation (nil v. 80 kg N/ha applied during the crop phase). Tillage, stubble management, crop rotation, and N fertilisation significantly (P<0.01) affected C mineralisation and microbial biomass. Tillage with stubble management significantly affected root pathogenic fungi, protozoa, collembola, earthworms, and cellulose decomposition. Crop rotation affected mycorrhizal fungi, protozoa, and soil peptidase activity, and N fertiliser had a significant effect on mycorrhizal fungi, protozoa, and cellulose decomposition. As these biological properties are responsive to agricultural management, they may have potential as bioindicators. Total bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, cellulosedecomposing bacteria and fungi, soil phosphatase and sulfatase activity, and N mineralisation were less affected by these treatments and may therefore have limited potential as bioindicators.

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Astudillo-García, Carmen, Syrie M. Hermans, Bryan Stevenson, Hannah L. Buckley, and Gavin Lear. "Microbial assemblages and bioindicators as proxies for ecosystem health status: potential and limitations." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103, no. 16 (June 26, 2019): 6407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09963-0.

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Régo, Ana Paula Justiniano, and Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo. "Impacts of Heavy Metals on Soil Microbial Activity." Journal of Environment and Ecology 11, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v11i1.16444.

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Concern about soil quality has been increasing due to environmental impacts from anthropogenic actions. The imbalance between its components alters activities in ecosystems. One of the main actions affecting soil quality is the presence of heavy metals, impairing the functioning of the ecosystem. This work evaluated the impacts of metal-contaminated soil on microbial activity after dam failure in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Microbial respiration measurements and colony quantifications were used for evaluations. Thus, it is hoped that through these bioindicators, we can assess the quality of the environment and from these biostimulators restore the environmental balance, benefiting local communities affected by the disaster. After microbial biostimulation of the soil, there was an increase in the number of bacterial colonies as well as greater accumulation of CO2 over the days. Thus, the addition of nutrients to the metal-impacted soil was essential for initiating the restoration of the affected ecosystem equilibrium.

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Plaza, Grazyna, Jacek Krzyzak, Rosa Margesin, Daniel Wasilkowski, and Agnieszka Mrozik. "MICROBIAL PARAMETERS AS BIOINDICATORS OF SOIL QUALITY DURING AIDED PHYTOSTABILIZATION OF METAL CONTAMINATED SOIL." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 11, no. 10 (2012): 1775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2012.221.

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NENENG, Liswara, Rudy Agung NUGROHO, Yukio KOMAI, Naru TAKAYAMA, and Koji KAWAMURA. "Water Quality Measurements with a Simple Molecular Analysis (PCR-RFLP) of the Microbiome in a Metropolitan River System in Japan." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 3 (July 22, 2019): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.5869.

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Urbanization has affected natural freshwater environments by contamination with sewage, toxic chemicals, and excess nutrients, which cause algal bloom, pollution, and ecosystem degradation. To ensure sustainable use of natural waters, appropriate monitoring methods are required. This study aims to investigate the diversity of the microbial community in a metropolitan river system in Japan using a low-cost DNA-based approach, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), as a potential bioindicator of environmental change. Surface waters were sampled in seven sites in a river system. Water chemical parameters and concentrations of heavy metals were determined. Microbial DNA was extracted from the samples, ribosomal RNA was amplified with universal primers, and RFLP was scored by agarose gels. Water chemical analyses showed that surface water at the inflow point of a sewage treatment plant had signs of eutrophication. Heavy metal concentrations in surface water were low (< 0.01 ppm) in all sites. The PCR-RFLP analysis showed polymorphisms both in 16S and 18S rRNAs, indicating that the method can detect at least a part of the microbiome changes in a river system. Sequencing of some fragments found the sequence close to a ciliate isolated in wastewater treatment plants, implying contamination from sewage. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified the RFLPs associated with chemical water parameters, which could be bioindicators of environmental pollution. We also found the RFLPs independent of water quality parameters, suggesting that this simple DNA-based analysis can also detect biological changes in water ecosystems that are not quantified by chemical measurements of water quality.

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Milosevic, Nada, and Mitar Govedarica. "Effect of herbicides on microbiological properties of soil." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 102 (2002): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0201005m.

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Microorganisms decompose herbicides and they may serve as bioindicators of soil changes following herbicide application. Certain microbial species may be used as bioherbicides. This study has shown that Azotobacter is most sensitive to herbicide application; it is, therefore, a reliable indicator of the biological value of soil. The numbers of this group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria decrease considerably in the period of 7-14 days after herbicide application. Simultaneously, the numbers of Actinomycetes and less so of fungi increase, indicating that these microorganisms use herbicides as sources of biogenous elements. Rate of herbicidal decomposition depends on the properties of the preparation applied herbicide dose as well as on the physical and chemical soil properties, soil moisture and temperature, ground cover, agrotechnical measures applied and the resident microbial population.

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Lang, Jennifer, Racheal Erb, Jennifer Pechal, John Wallace, Ryan McEwan, and Mark Benbow. "Microbial Biofilm Community Variation in Flowing Habitats: Potential Utility as Bioindicators of Postmortem Submersion Intervals." Microorganisms 4, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4010001.

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Raubuch, M., and F. Beese. "Comparison of microbial properties measured by O2 consumption and microcalorimetry as bioindicators in forest soils." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 31, no. 7 (July 1999): 949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(99)00003-6.

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Delvaux, Julio Cesar, Reginaldo de Carmargo, Regina Maria Quintão Lana, Miguel Henrique Rosa Franco, Mayara Cristiana Stanger, Rafael Arcanjo Gonçalves, Ernane Miranda Lemes, and Paulo Sérgio Balbino Miguel. "Soil quality bioindicators in initial eucalyptus growth under organomineral fertilization based on sugarcane filter cake." April 2021, no. 15(04):2021 (April 10, 2021): 602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.04.p3071.

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Pelletized organomineral fertilizers (OMFs) are a promising, sustainable alternative for eucalyptus fertilization, the most widely cultivated hardwood tree globally. However, little is known about the effects of OMFs on initial plant development and soil quality. We evaluated the effects of different doses of a pelletized OMF derived from sugarcane filter cake (0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% relative to the recommended phosphorus dose for cultivation) and a mineral treatment (mineral fertilizer at the recommended dose for eucalyptus), as well as the effects of time (30, 60, 90, and 120 days after transplanting), on the morphophysiological responses of eucalyptus plants (diameter at neck height, plant height, and chlorophyll a and b content) and soil pH, microbial biomass (MBC), and microbial activity (soil basal respiration [SBR]). Increases in fertilizer dose led to increased chlorophyll a values, but values decreased under the highest doses (150% and 200%). OMF addition led to an initial increase in soil pH, followed by a reduction. The highest values of plant height, stem diameter, and fresh and dry masses of leaves, stems, and roots were observed when the OMF dose of 50% was administered. MBC values were inversely proportional to the OMF dose, and the SBR and metabolic quotient (qCO2) values observed under the 50% and 100% treatments were equal to or better than those observed under the mineral fertilizer treatment. Pelletized OMFs derived from filter cake could potentially replace mineral fertilization in the early development of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis without damaging soil quality

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Cébron, Aurélie, Jérôme Cortet, Stéven Criquet, Asmaa Biaz, Virgile Calvert, Cécile Caupert, Céline Pernin, and Corinne Leyval. "Biological functioning of PAH-polluted and thermal desorption-treated soils assessed by fauna and microbial bioindicators." Research in Microbiology 162, no. 9 (November 2011): 896–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2011.02.011.

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Elmholt, Susanne. "Microbial Activity, Fungal Abundance, and Distribution ofPenicilliumandFusariumas Bioindicators of a Temporal Development of Organically Cultivated Soils." Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 13, no. 2 (January 1996): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01448765.1996.9754772.

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Zhang, Yang, Pedro N. Carvalho, Tao Lv, Carlos Arias, Hans Brix, and Zhanghe Chen. "Microbial density and diversity in constructed wetland systems and the relation to pollutant removal efficiency." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 3 (October 21, 2015): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.542.

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Microbes are believed to be at the core of the wastewater treatment processes in constructed wetlands (CWs). The aim of this study was to assess the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and Shannon's diversity index (SDI) in the substrate of CWs planted with Phragmites australis, Hymenocallis littoralis, Canna indica and Cyperus flabelliformis, and to relate MBC and SDI to the pollutant removal in the systems. Significant higher MBC was observed in CWs with H. littoralis and C. indica than in CWs with P. australis, and the MBC differed with season and substrate depth. The microbial community in the wetlands included four phyla: Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria, with a more diverse community structure in wetlands with C. flabelliformis. The MBC in the substrate and the SDI of the 15–20 cm depth correlated with the removal of biochemical oxygen demand, NH4-N and NO3-N. Our results indicate that substrate SDI and MBC can both be regarded as bioindicators of the pollutant removal ability in CWs.

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Maldonado, J., A. Solé, Z. M. Puyen, and I. Esteve. "Selection of bioindicators to detect lead pollution in Ebro delta microbial mats, using high-resolution microscopic techniques." Aquatic Toxicology 104, no. 1-2 (July 2011): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.04.009.

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Yergeau, Etienne, John R. Lawrence, Sylvie Sanschagrin, Marley J. Waiser, Darren R. Korber, and Charles W. Greer. "Next-Generation Sequencing of Microbial Communities in the Athabasca River and Its Tributaries in Relation to Oil Sands Mining Activities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 21 (August 24, 2012): 7626–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02036-12.

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ABSTRACTThe Athabasca oil sands deposit is the largest reservoir of crude bitumen in the world. Recently, the soaring demand for oil and the availability of modern bitumen extraction technology have heightened exploitation of this reservoir and the potential unintended consequences of pollution in the Athabasca River. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential impacts of oil sands mining on neighboring aquatic microbial community structure. Microbial communities were sampled from sediments in the Athabasca River and its tributaries as well as in oil sands tailings ponds. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology (454 and Ion Torrent). Sediments were also analyzed for a variety of chemical and physical characteristics. Microbial communities in the fine tailings of the tailings ponds were strikingly distinct from those in the Athabasca River and tributary sediments. Microbial communities in sediments taken close to tailings ponds were more similar to those in the fine tailings of the tailings ponds than to the ones from sediments further away. Additionally, bacterial diversity was significantly lower in tailings pond sediments. Several taxonomic groups ofBacteriaandArchaeashowed significant correlations with the concentrations of different contaminants, highlighting their potential as bioindicators. We also extensively validated Ion Torrent sequencing in the context of environmental studies by comparing Ion Torrent and 454 data sets and by analyzing control samples.

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Li, Changchao, Quan Quan, Yandong Gan, Junyu Dong, Jiaohui Fang, Lifei Wang, and Jian Liu. "Effects of heavy metals on microbial communities in sediments and establishment of bioindicators based on microbial taxa and function for environmental monitoring and management." Science of The Total Environment 749 (December 2020): 141555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141555.

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Millach, Laia, Antoni Solé, and Isabel Esteve. "Role ofGeitlerinemasp. DE2011 andScenedesmussp. DE2009 as Bioindicators and Immobilizers of Chromium in a Contaminated Natural Environment." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/519769.

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The aim of this work was to study the potential of the two phototrophic microorganisms, both isolated from Ebro Delta microbial mats, to be used as bioindicators and immobilizers of chromium. The results obtained indicated that (i) the Minimum Metal Concentration (MMC) significantly affecting Chlorophyllaintensity inGeitlerinemasp. DE2011 andScenedesmussp. DE2009 was 0.25 µM and 0.75 µM, respectively, these values being lower than those established by current legislation, and (ii)Scenedesmussp. DE2009 was able to immobilize chromium externally in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and intracellularly in polyphosphate (PP) inclusions. Additionally, this microorganism maintained high viability, including at 500 µM. Based on these results, we postulate thatGeitlerinemasp. DE2011 andScenedesmussp. DE2009 are good chromium-indicators of cytotoxicity and, further, thatScenedesmussp. DE2009 plays an important role in immobilizing this metal in a contaminated natural environment.

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Cï¿½rdova-Kreylos, Ana Lucï¿½a, Yiping Cao, Peter G. Green, Hyun-Min Hwang, Kathryn M. Kuivila, Michael G. LaMontagne, Laurie C. Van De Werfhorst, Patricia A. Holden, and Kate M. Scow. "Diversity, Composition, and Geographical Distribution of Microbial Communities in California Salt Marsh Sediments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 5 (May 2006): 3357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.5.3357-3366.2006.

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ABSTRACT The Pacific Estuarine Ecosystem Indicators Research Consortium seeks to develop bioindicators of toxicant-induced stress and bioavailability for wetland biota. Within this framework, the effects of environmental and pollutant variables on microbial communities were studied at different spatial scales over a 2-year period. Six salt marshes along the California coastline were characterized using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis. Additionally, 27 metals, six currently used pesticides, total polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlordanes, nonachlors, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene were analyzed. Sampling was performed over large (between salt marshes), medium (stations within a marsh), and small (different channel depths) spatial scales. Regression and ordination analysis suggested that the spatial variation in microbial communities exceeded the variation attributable to pollutants. PLFA analysis and TRFLP canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) explained 74 and 43% of the variation, respectively, and both methods attributed 34% of the variation to tidal cycles, marsh, year, and latitude. After accounting for spatial variation using partial CCA, we found that metals had a greater effect on microbial community composition than organic pollutants had. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were positively correlated with PLFA biomass, whereas total metal concentrations were positively correlated with biomass and diversity. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were negatively correlated with branched PLFAs and positively correlated with methyl- and cyclo-substituted PLFAs. The strong relationships observed between pollutant concentrations and some of the microbial indicators indicated the potential for using microbial community analyses in assessments of the ecosystem health of salt marshes.

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Brinley, T. A., C. N. Dock, V. D. Truong, P. Coronel, P. Kumar, J. Simunovic, K. P. Sandeep, G. D. Cartwright, K. R. Swartzel, and L. A. Jaykus. "Feasibility of Utilizing Bioindicators for Testing Microbial Inactivation in Sweetpotato Purees Processed with a Continuous-Flow Microwave System." Journal of Food Science 72, no. 5 (June 2007): E235—E242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00371.x.

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Schimann, Heidy, Caroline Petit-Jean, Stéphane Guitet, Tatiane Reis, Anne Marie Domenach, and Jean-Christophe Roggy. "Microbial bioindicators of soil functioning after disturbance: The case of gold mining in tropical rainforests of French Guiana." Ecological Indicators 20 (September 2012): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.021.

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Rascio, Ida, Maddalena Curci, Concetta Eliana Gattullo, Anna Lavecchia, Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi, Roberto Terzano, and Carmine Crecchio. "Combined Effect of Laboratory-Simulated Fire and Chromium Pollution on Microbial Communities in an Agricultural Soil." Biology 10, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070587.

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Fire events in agricultural soils can modify not only soil properties but also the structure of soil microbial communities, especially in soils containing high concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The recolonization of burned soils can in fact favor the proliferation of certain microorganisms, more adaptable to post-fire soil conditions and higher PTE availability, over others. In this study, we simulated with laboratory experiments the microbial recolonization of an agricultural soil containing high Cr concentrations after heating at 500 °C for 30 min, to mimic the burning of crop residues. Changes in soil properties and Cr speciation were assessed, as well as soil microbial structure by means of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both altered soil conditions and increased Cr availability, especially Cr(VI), appeared to be responsible for the reduction in species diversity in heated soils and the proliferation of Firmicutes. Indeed, already after 3 days from the heat treatment, Firmicutes increased from 14% to 60% relative abundance. In particular, Paenibacillus was the most abundant genus identified after the simulation, with an average relative abundance of 40%. These bacteria are known to be good fire-responders and Cr-tolerant. These results could be useful to identify bacterial strains to be used as bioindicators of altered environments and for the recovery of fire-impacted polluted sites.

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Mainardi, Pedro Henrique, and Ederio Dino Bidoia. "Microbial Population Inhibition Method Through Spectrophotometry Absorption of Visible Light Applied to Ecotoxicological Analyses." Journal of Applied Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jab.v8i1.16633.

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Ecotoxicology is a science that studies the effects of pollutants and forecast their transformations on the environment. Ecotoxicological studies have been used in soil and water quality assessment, development and implementation of new techniques of water and effluent treatment, tools for better industrial management, bioremediation techniques and sustainable agriculture approaches. Microorganisms, which were seen to detain a fundamental importance in nutrient cycling and energy flow, have been increasingly used as bioindicators in ecotoxicological analyses. The populational inhibition of microbiological strains may be measured through the absorbance of visible light, an efficient, fast, low-cost and reliable method that has been widely used in qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this manuscript, a real textile effluent sample was analyzed regarding its electric conductivity, pH, turbidity, solids, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a spectrophotometry microbial population inhibition (MPI) method using the Bacillus subtilis bacteria and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The EC20, EC50 and acute toxicity indexes were satisfactory in relation to the widely used method of light reduction of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence bacteria. The MPI was shown to be a feasible method to determine the hazardous effects caused by the textile effluent sample towards the microbial populations.

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Zhubanova, A. A., Q. Xiaohui, P. S. Ualieva, G. Zh Abdieva, K. T. Tastambek, G. K. Kayrmanova, and N. Sh Akimbekov. "Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Correlation Between Microbiome Structure and Leonardite Characteristics from Kazakhstan Coal Deposits." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj823.

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Coal microbial communities have not been well examined, despite their importance in the formation and maintenance of terrestrial ecosystems. Microorganisms are geographically versatile, exhibit wide morphological diversity and provide a rich platform for studying energy and carbon flows through different ecosystems. The coal characteristics, in turn, are important environmental factors that control the composition, structure and activity of terrestrial bio-communities through various endogenous physiological and biochemical processes. The total phylogenetic structure of prokaryotes is closely related to their functional diversity and, ultimately, to the variety of environmental conditions in oxidized coal (leonardite). Metagenomic studies in this area attempt to assess the relationship between the coal properties and its microbiome. The microbial community of the coal profiles, collected from various Kazakhstan coal deposits, have been studied in detail for the first time using high-throughput sequencing. As part of this study, a wide range of leonardites generated in various bioclimatic and geomorphological conditions are considered. A comprehensive characterization of the phylogenetic structure and diversity of coal was given on the basis of the 16S rDNA gene analysis. The revealed features of the prokaryotic composition can be used as bioindicators of the leonardite condition. In addition, metagenomic characteristics of coals of different origin can serve as valuable platform to assess the terrestrial ecosystem health.

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Lin, Guan-Ying, Bo-Jhen Chen, Chih-Yi Hu, and Wei-Yi Lin. "The Impacts of Field Management on Soil and Tea Root Microbiomes." Applied Microbiology 1, no. 2 (September 8, 2021): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1020025.

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Due to the importance of microbes in soil health and crop production, manipulation of microbiomes provides a new strategy for improving crop growth and agricultural ecosystems. Current understanding is limited regarding the responses of soil and crop endophytic microbiomes to field management and microbiome programming. In this study, we investigated soil and tea root bacterial communities under conventional and organic cropping systems using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A significant difference in soil and root bacterial community structure was observed under different field managements, leading to 43% and 35% variance, respectively. We also identified field management-sensitive species both in soils and tea roots that have great potential as bioindicators for bacterial microbiome manipulation. Moreover, through functional profile predictions of microbiomes, xenobiotics degradation in soil bacterial communities is enriched in organic farms, suggesting that biodegradation capabilities are enhanced under organic cropping systems. Our results demonstrate the effects of field management on both soil and tea root bacterial microbiomes and provide new insights into the reprogramming of microbial structures.

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Struchtrup, Sarah Schulze, Britta von Esmarch-Rummler, and Rainer Stamminger. "Hygiene in Commercial Dishwashing – A Review about the State of Knowledge in Research, Standardization, Regulation and Market Information." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 58, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2020-2373.

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Abstract The current state of knowledge about hygiene (efficacy testing) in commercial dishwashers will be collated in this review. Therefore, studies about hygiene in commercial dishwashing are summarised and existing standards, guidelines and the legislative basis described. Finally, examples of information available from the market, for example, detergents are presented. The use of bioindicators contaminated with bovine albumin, mucin, corn starch and Enterococcus faecium is widely established in studies, which was the basis for the introduction of standards. Standards prescribe minimum temperatures for cleaning and rinsing, and most of them provide microbiological testing methods. A worldwide standardized test method for hygiene in commercial dishwashers would guarantee the comparability of country-specific standards but procedures currently available would need great efforts to be unified. A definition of a specified hygiene target level on cleaned dish items would also be meaningful because a harmless level of microorganisms can be achieved with it regardless of the initial microbial count or the process used.

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M. Roper, Margaret. "Biological diversity of micro-organisms: an Australian perspective." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 1 (1994): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc930021.

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Micro-organisms (bacteria, archaeas, fungi, protozoa, algae and viruses) occur in all environments and are interrelated with all other life forms. Micro-organisms are largely responsible for maintaining ecosystem function. They are extremely important in biological control mechanisms and in the transformations of food, energy and chemicals, including the mineralization of nutrients. Despite their importance, our understanding of the role and diversity of micro-organisms is very limited largely because of our inability to culture more than a few per cent of them. Molecular techniques being developed should result in the identification of many new micro-organisms. Notwithstanding our limited knowledge it is essential to evaluate the threats to microbial diversity and to attempt to minimize losses. Micro-organisms and microbial diversity risk being lost due to environmental causes such as pollution (by sewage, oil, organic compounds, pesticides and heavy metals), habitat loss (e.g. pH and salinity changes, and flooding), overexploitation (e.g., in agriculture, forestry and fisheries), species introductions and global changes. Micro-organisms that are particularly vulnerable to extinction, be it on a local or global scale, are those with a limited distribution, in specific habitats or those in habitats subject to widespread stress. Accompanying the loss of microbial diversity is the potential for losses of ecosystem function. A number of measures are needed to conserve microbial diversity. It is necessary to improve identification and measurement in terms of taxonomy, genetics and function. Ex situ collections are a means of securing micro-organisms for use and study by man. Where populations are poorly understood in situ conservation in protected habitats is the only option. Systems of indices and bioindicators need to be developed to monitor changes in microbial communities in such habitats. In order to co-ordinate conservation efforts it is essential to develop a global network of information. This can best be done through national and international policies being developed to conserve biological diversity.

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Villenave, Cécile, Bodo Rabary, Emilie Kichenin, Djibril Djigal, and Eric Blanchart. "Earthworms and Plant Residues Modify Nematodes in Tropical Cropping Soils (Madagascar): A Mesocosm Experiment." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/323640.

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Free-living nematodes present several characteristics that have led to their use as bioindicators of soil quality. Analyzing the structure of nematofauna is a pertinent way to understand soil biological processes. Earthworms play an important role in soil biological functioning and organic matter dynamics. Their effects on soil nematofauna have seldom been studied. We studied the effect of the tropical endogeic earthworm,Pontoscolex corethrurus, on nematode community structure in a 5-month field mesocosm experiment conducted in Madagascar. Ten different treatments with or without earthworms and with or without organic residues (rice, soybean) were compared. Organic residues were applied on the soil surface or mixed with the soil. The abundance of nematodes (bacterial and fungal feeders) was higher in presence ofP. corethrurusthan in their absence. The type of plant residues as well as their localisation had significant effects on the abundance and composition of soil nematodes. The analysis of nematode community structure showed that earthworm activity led to an overall activation of the microbial compartment without specific stimulation of the bacterial or fungal compartment.

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Rezende, Luiz Gustavo Paulon, Márcia Matiko Kondo, and Rogério Melloni. "Impacto, em curto prazo, dos antibióticos amoxicilina e doxiciclina na qualidade microbiana de um Latossolo Vermelho-amarelo (Short-term impact of the antibiotics amoxicillin and doxycycline on the microbial quality of a Red-yellow Latosol)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 4 (October 15, 2019): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.4.p1340-1354.

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Concentrações residuais de antibióticos de uso compartilhado pela terapia médica humana e veterinária são cada vez mais frequentes nos mais variados tipos de matrizes ambientais; no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o impacto que esses fármacos podem acarretar aos microrganismos do solo. Sendo assim, perturbações relacionadas à exposição da microbiota de um latossolo vermelho-amarelo brasileiro a dois antibacterianos, a amoxicilina (AMOX) e a doxiciclina (DOX), foram investigadas por meio da determinação de atividade (mg CO2) e biomassa (Cmic) microbianas, juntamente com o quociente metabólico (qCO2), em amostras de solo que receberam as seguintes concentrações desses compostos: 0,03, 0,3, 3,0, 30 e 300 mg L-1. Os resultados mostraram diferentes efeitos sobre a microbiota e de forma específica para cada antibiótico. A AMOX mostrou-se mais impactante para os microrganismos do solo, com redução da biomassa e aumento do qCO2, enquanto que a DOX reduziu a atividade microbiana, mas sem efeito na biomassa e qCO2.A B S T R A C TThe residual concentrations of antibiotics used by human and veterinary medical therapy are increasingly common in a wide range of environmental matrices, nevertheless little is known about the impact of these drugs on to the soil microorganisms. Therefore, disturbances related to the exposure of the microbiota of a Brazilian Red-yellow Latosol to two antibacterials, amoxicillin (AMOX) and doxycycline (DOX), were investigated through the determination of the microbial activity (mg CO2) and biomass (Cmic), among with the metabolic quotient (qCO2), using soil samples spiked with: 0,03, 0,3, 3,0, 30 and 300 mg L-1 of each drug. The results showed different effects on the microbiota and in a specific way for each antibiotic. The AMOX showed higher impact impacting for the soil microorganisms, with reduction of the biomass and increase of the qCO2, whereas the DOX reduced the microbial activity, but showed no effect in the biomass and qCO2.Keywords: Antibiotics. Amoxicillin. Doxycycline. Bioindicators. Latosols.

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Michel, Caroline, Catherine Joulian, Patrick Ollivier, Audrey Nyteij, Rémi Cote, Nicolas Surdyk, Jennifer Hellal, et al. "Multi-Bioindicators to Assess Soil Microbial Activity in the Context of an Artificial Groundwater Recharge with Treated Wastewater: A Large-Scale Pilot Experiment." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 24, no. 6 (June 28, 2014): 843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1312.12010.

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Gwenzi, Willis, Nhamo Chaukura, Norah Muisa-Zikali, Charles Teta, Tendai Musvuugwa, Piotr Rzymski, and Akebe Luther King Abia. "Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance." Antibiotics 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10010068.

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This paper reviews the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in insects, rodents, and pets. Insects (e.g., houseflies, cockroaches), rodents (rats, mice), and pets (dogs, cats) act as reservoirs of AMR for first-line and last-resort antimicrobial agents. AMR proliferates in insects, rodents, and pets, and their skin and gut systems. Subsequently, insects, rodents, and pets act as vectors that disseminate AMR to humans via direct contact, human food contamination, and horizontal gene transfer. Thus, insects, rodents, and pets might act as sentinels or bioindicators of AMR. Human health risks are discussed, including those unique to low-income countries. Current evidence on human health risks is largely inferential and based on qualitative data, but comprehensive statistics based on quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) are still lacking. Hence, tracing human health risks of AMR to insects, rodents, and pets, remains a challenge. To safeguard human health, mitigation measures are proposed, based on the one-health approach. Future research should include human health risk analysis using QMRA, and the application of in-silico techniques, genomics, network analysis, and ’big data’ analytical tools to understand the role of household insects, rodents, and pets in the persistence, circulation, and health risks of AMR.

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Mercado-Garcia, Daniel, Eveline Beeckman, Jana Van Butsel, Nilton Deza Arroyo, Marco Sanchez Peña, Cécile Van Buggendhoudt, Nancy De Saeyer, et al. "Assessing the Freshwater Quality of a Large-Scale Mining Watershed: The Need for Integrated Approaches." Water 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091797.

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Water quality assessments provide essential information for protecting aquatic habitats and stakeholders downstream of mining sites. Moreover, mining companies must comply with environmental quality standards and include public participation in water quality monitoring (WQM) practices. However, overarching challenges beyond corporate environmental responsibility are the scientific soundness, political relevance and harmonization of WQM practices. In this study, a mountainous watershed supporting large-scale gold mining in the headwaters, besides urban and agricultural landuses at lower altitudes, is assessed in the dry season. Conventional physicochemical and biological (Biological Monitoring Water Party-Colombia index) freshwater quality parameters were evaluated, including hydromorphological and land-use characteristics. According to the indicators used, water quality deterioration by mining was absent, in contrast to the effects of urban economic activities, hydromorphological alterations and (less important) agricultural pollutants. We argue that mining impacts are hardly captured due to the limited ecological knowledge of high-mountain freshwaters, including uncharacterized mining-specific bioindicators, environmental baselines and groundwater processes, as well as ecotoxicological and microbial freshwater quality components. Lessons for overcoming scientific and operational challenges are drawn from joint efforts among governments, academia and green economy competitiveness. Facing a rapid development of extractive industries, interinstitutional and multidisciplinary collaborations are urgently needed to implement more integrated freshwater quality indicators of complex mining impacts.

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Kuwano, Biana Harumi, Adriana Knob, Dáfila Santos Lima Fagotti, Nagib Jorge Melém Júnior, Leandro Godoy, Raquel Cátia Diehl, Cristina Célia Krawulski, et al. "Soil quality indicators in a rhodic kandiudult under different uses in northern Parana, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 1 (February 2014): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000100005.

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Sustainable use of soil, maintaining or improving its quality, is one of the goals of diversification in farmlands. From this point of view, bioindicators associated with C, N and P cycling can be used in assessments of land-use effects on soil quality. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical, microbiological and biochemical properties of soil associated with C, N and P under different land uses in a farm property with diversified activity in northern Parana, Brazil. Seven areas under different land uses were assessed: fragment of native Atlantic Forest; growing of peach-palm (Bactrys gasipaes); sugarcane ratoon (Saccharum officinarum) recently harvested, under renewal; growing of coffee (Coffea arabica) intercropped with tree species; recent reforestation (1 year) with native tree species, previously under annual crops; annual crops under no-tillage, rye (Cecale cereale); secondary forest, regenerated after abandonment (for 20 years) of an avocado (Persea americana) orchard. The soil under coffee, recent reforestation and secondary forest showed higher concentrations of organic carbon, but microbial biomass and enzyme activities were higher in soils under native forest and secondary forest, which also showed the lowest metabolic coefficient, followed by the peach-palm area. The lowest content of water-dispersible clay was found in the soil under native forest, differing from soils under sugarcane and secondary forest. Soil cover and soil use affected total organic C contents and soil enzyme and microbial activities, such that more intensive agricultural uses had deeper impacts on the indicators assessed. Calculation of the mean soil quality index showed that the secondary forest was closest to the fragment of native forest, followed by the peach-palm area, coffee-growing area, annual crop area, the area of recent reforestation and the sugarcane ratoon area.

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Sánchez-Moreno, Sara, Hideomi Minoshima, Howard Ferris, and Louise E. Jackson. "Linking soil properties and nematode community composition: effects of soil management on soil food webs." Nematology 8, no. 5 (2006): 703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854106778877857.

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Abstract The purported benefits of conservation tillage and continuous cropping in agricultural systems include enhancement of soil ecosystem functions to improve nutrient availability to crops and soil C storage. Studies relating soil management to community structure allow the development of bioindicators and the assessment of the consequences of management practices on the soil food web. During one year (December 2003-December 2004), we studied the influence of continuous cropping (CC), intermittent fallow (F), standard tillage (ST) and no tillage (NT) on the nematode assemblage and the soil food web in a legume-vegetable rotation system in California. The most intensive systems included four crops during the study period. Tillage practices and cropping pattern strongly influenced nematode faunal composition, and the soil food web, at different soil depths. Management effects on nematode taxa depended on their position along the coloniser-persister (cp) scale and on their trophic roles. At the last sampling date (December 2004), Mesorhabditis and Acrobeloides were positively associated with NH+4, while Panagrolaimus and Plectus were negatively correlated with certain phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). Microbial-feeders were in general associated with both bacterial and fungal PLFA, microbial biomass C (MBC) by chloroform fumigation-extraction, total C and N, NH+4 and NO−3, and were most abundant in the surface soil of the NTCC treatment. Fungal-feeders were more closely related to PLFA markers of fungi than to ergosterol, a purported fungal sterol. Discolaimus, Prionchulus, Mylonchulus and Aporcelaimidae, in contrast, were associated with intermittent fallow and deeper soil layers. The organisms in the higher levels of the soil food web did not respond to the continuous input of C in the soil and a long recovery period may be required for appropriate taxa to be reintroduced and to increase. At the end of the experiment, each treatment supported quite different nematode assemblages and soil food webs.

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Morrow, Kathleen M., Anthony G. Moss, Nanette E. Chadwick, and Mark R. Liles. "Bacterial Associates of Two Caribbean Coral Species Reveal Species-Specific Distribution and Geographic Variability." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 18 (July 6, 2012): 6438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01162-12.

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ABSTRACTScleractinian corals harbor microorganisms that form dynamic associations with the coral host and exhibit substantial genetic and ecological diversity. Microbial associates may provide defense against pathogens and serve as bioindicators of changing environmental conditions. Here we describe the bacterial assemblages associated with two of the most common and phylogenetically divergent reef-building corals in the Caribbean,Montastraea faveolataandPorites astreoides. Contrasting life history strategies and disease susceptibilities indicate potential differences in their microbiota and immune function that may in part drive changes in the composition of coral reef communities. The ribotype structure and diversity of coral-associated bacteria within the surface mucosal layer (SML) of healthy corals were assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting and 454 bar-coded pyrosequencing. Corals were sampled at disparate Caribbean locations representing various levels of anthropogenic impact. We demonstrate here thatM. faveolataandP. astreoidesharbor distinct, host-specific bacteria but that specificity varies by species and site.P. astreoidesgenerally hosts a bacterial assemblage of low diversity that is largely dominated by one bacterial genus,Endozoicomonas, within the orderOceanospirillales. The bacterial assemblages associated withM. faveolataare significantly more diverse and exhibit higher specificity at the family level thanP. astreoidesassemblages. Both corals have more bacterial diversity and higher abundances of disease-related bacteria at sites closer to the mainland than at those furthest away. The most diverse bacterial taxa and highest relative abundance of disease-associated bacteria were seen for corals near St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) (2.5 km from shore), and the least diverse taxa and lowest relative abundance were seen for corals near our most pristine site in Belize (20 km from shore). We conclude that the two coral species studied harbor distinct bacterial assemblages within the SML, but the degree to which each species maintains specific microbial associations varies both within each site and across large spatial scales. The taxonomic scale (i.e., phylum versus genus) at which scientists examine coral-microbe associations, in addition to host-elicited factors and environmental fluctuations, must be considered carefully in future studies of the coral holobiont.

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Dang, Hongyue, Jing Li, Ruipeng Chen, Lin Wang, Lizhong Guo, Zhinan Zhang, and Martin G. Klotz. "Diversity, Abundance, and Spatial Distribution of Sediment Ammonia-Oxidizing Betaproteobacteria in Response to Environmental Gradients and Coastal Eutrophication in Jiaozhou Bay, China." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 14 (May 28, 2010): 4691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02563-09.

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ABSTRACT Ongoing anthropogenic eutrophication of Jiaozhou Bay offers an opportunity to study the influence of human activity on bacterial communities that drive biogeochemical cycling. Nitrification in coastal waters appears to be a sensitive indicator of environmental change, suggesting that function and structure of the microbial nitrifying community may be associated closely with environmental conditions. In the current study, the amoA gene was used to unravel the relationship between sediment aerobic obligate ammonia-oxidizing Betaproteobacteria (Beta-AOB) and their environment in Jiaozhou Bay. Protein sequences deduced from amoA gene sequences grouped within four distinct clusters in the Nitrosomonas lineage, including a putative new cluster. In addition, AmoA sequences belonging to three newly defined clusters in the Nitrosospira lineage were also identified. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that the studied Beta-AOB community structures correlated with environmental parameters, of which nitrite-N and sediment sand content had significant impact on the composition, structure, and distribution of the Beta-AOB community. Both amoA clone library and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses indicated that continental input from the nearby wastewater treatment plants and polluted rivers may have significant impact on the composition and abundance of the sediment Beta-AOB assemblages in Jiaozhou Bay. Our work is the first report of a direct link between a sedimentological parameter and the composition and distribution of the sediment Beta-AOB and indicates the potential for using the Beta-AOB community composition in general and individual isolates or environmental clones in the Nitrosomonas oligotropha lineage in particular as bioindicators and biotracers of pollution or freshwater or wastewater input in coastal environments.

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Mella-Flores, D., S. Mazard, F. Humily, F. Partensky, F. Mahé, L. Bariat, C. Courties, et al. "Is the distribution of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus ecotypes in the Mediterranean Sea affected by global warming?" Biogeosciences 8, no. 9 (September 29, 2011): 2785–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2785-2011.

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Abstract. Biological communities populating the Mediterranean Sea, which is situated at the northern boundary of the subtropics, are often claimed to be particularly affected by global warming. This is indicated, for instance, by the introduction of (sub)tropical species of fish or invertebrates that can displace local species. This raises the question of whether microbial communities are similarly affected, especially in the Levantine basin where sea surface temperatures have significantly risen over the last 25 years (0.50 ± 0.11 °C in average per decade, P < 0.01). In this paper, the genetic diversity of the two most abundant members of the phytoplankton community, the picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, was examined during two cruises through both eastern and western Mediterranean Sea basins held in September 1999 (PROSOPE cruise) and in June–July 2008 (BOUM cruise). Diversity was studied using dot blot hybridization with clade-specific 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes and/or clone libraries of the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region, with a focus on the abundance of clades that may constitute bioindicators of warm waters. During both cruises, the dominant Prochlorococcus clade in the upper mixed layer at all stations was HLI, a clade typical of temperate waters, whereas the HLII clade, the dominant group in (sub)tropical waters, was only present at very low concentrations. The Synechococcus community was dominated by clades I, III and IV in the northwestern waters of the Gulf of Lions and by clade III and groups genetically related to clades WPC1 and VI in the rest of the Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, only a few sequences of clade II, a group typical of warm waters, were observed. These data indicate that local cyanobacterial populations have not yet been displaced by their (sub)tropical counterparts.

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Mella-Flores, D., S. Mazard, F. Humily, F. Partensky, F. Mahé, L. Bariat, C. Courties, et al. "Is the distribution of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus ecotypes in the Mediterranean Sea affected by global warming?" Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 3, 2011): 4281–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-4281-2011.

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Abstract. Biological communities populating the Mediterranean Sea, which is situated at the northern boundary of the subtropics, are often claimed to be particularly affected by global warming. This is indicated, for instance, by the introduction of (sub)tropical species of fish or invertebrates that can displace local species. This raises the question of whether microbial communities are similarly affected, especially in the Levantine basin where sea surface temperatures have risen in recent years. In this paper, the genetic diversity of the two most abundant members of the phytoplankton community, the picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, was examined on a transect from the South coast of France to Cyprus in the summer of 2008 (BOUM cruise). Diversity was studied using dot blot hybridization with clade-specific 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes and clone libraries of the 16S–23S ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Data were compared with those obtained during the PROSOPE cruise held almost a decade earlier, with a focus on the abundance of clades that may constitute bioindicators of warm waters. During both cruises, the dominant Prochlorococcus clade in the upper mixed layer at all stations was HLI, a clade typical of temperate waters, whereas the HLII clade, the dominant group in (sub)tropical waters, was only present at very low concentrations. The Synechococcus community was dominated by clades I, III and IV in the northwestern waters of the Gulf of Lions and by clade III and groups genetically related to clades WPC1 and VI in the rest of the Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, only a few sequences of clade II, a group typical of warm waters, were observed. These data indicate that local cyanobacterial populations have not yet been displaced by their (sub)tropical counterparts. This is discussed in the context of the low phosphorus concentrations found in surface waters in the eastern Mediterranean basin, as this may constitute a barrier to the colonization of these waters by alien picocyanobacterial groups.

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Toshiaki Oikawa, Ronaldo, Amanda Silva Custódio, and Fábio Fernando Araújo. "Validation of soil quality index in soil using bioindicator plant." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 17, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n3.a440.

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Soils provide a broad set of vital ecosystem services and sustains the production of food and fibers, balancing the ecosystem. Thus, from the perspective of soil quality, it is defined as an ability to balance within the ecosystem to sustain biological productivity, promoting the health of plants and animals, being evaluated by traditional indicators as physical, chemical and biological indicators, so the present work aims to estimate the soil quality index using multivariate models using soil biological attributes and validation with growth variables of the bioindicator plant. The study was developed in the agricultural area in P. Prudente, SP, the points collected were georeferenced, collections in depth of 0 -20 cm, microbiological analysis, microbial carbon and nitrogen biomass, dehydrogenase, respiration and microbial coefficient, having a bioindicator plant curly lettuce (Lucy Brown) as a validator of the soil. The results were discovered using the PCA model for the identification of autos vectors and autos values, grouping and identifying their collinearities, linear regression, r-pearson validation and cluster heuristic analysis. The microbial attributes and the bioindicator plant discriminated the agricultural areas evaluated with establishment and validation of SQI. The metabolic coefficient and N of the microbial biomass dissipation of the highest covariance values by multivariate analysis. The reforestation area with native species (SQI0.782%) and the livestock crop integration system (SQI0.765%) were evaluated as areas with better soil quality

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da Silva, Israel Gonçalves Sales, Fabíola Carolina Gomes de Almeida, Nathália Maria Padilha da Rocha e Silva, Joaquim Teodoro Romão de Oliveira, Attilio Converti, and Leonie Asfora Sarubbo. "Application of Green Surfactants in the Remediation of Soils Contaminated by Hydrocarbons." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091666.

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Among the innovative technologies utilized for the treatment of contaminated soils, the use of green surfactants appears to be a biocompatible, efficient, and attractive alternative, since the cleaning processes that normally use synthetic surfactants as additives cause other problems due to toxicity and the accumulation of by-products. Three green surfactants, i.e., two biobased (biobased 1 and biobased 2) surfactants produced by chemical synthesis and a microbial surfactant produced from the yeast Starmerella bombicola ATCC 22214, were used as soil remediation agents and compared to a synthetic surfactant (Tween 80). The three surfactants were tested for their ability to emulsify, disperse, and remove different hydrophobic contaminants. The biosurfactant, which was able to reduce the water surface tension to 32.30 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration of 0.65 g/L, was then used to prepare a commercial formulation that showed lower toxicity to the tested environmental bioindicators and lower dispersion capacity than the biobased surfactants. All the green surfactants showed great emulsification capacity, especially against motor oil and petroleum. Therefore, their potential to remove motor oil adsorbed on different types of soils (sandy, silty, and clay soil and beach sand) was investigated either in kinetic (flasks) or static (packed columns) experiments. The commercial biosurfactant formulation showed excellent effectiveness in removing motor oil, especially from contaminated sandy soil (80.0 ± 0.46%) and beach sand (65.0 ± 0.14%) under static conditions, while, in the kinetic experiments, the commercial biosurfactant and the biobased 2 surfactant were able to remove motor oil from all the contaminated soils tested more effectively than the biobased 1 surfactant. Finally, the S. bombicola commercial biosurfactant was evaluated as a soil bioremediation agent. In degradation experiments carried out on motor oil-contaminated soils enriched with sugarcane molasses, oil degradation yield in the sandy soil reached almost 90% after 60 days in the presence of the commercial biosurfactant, while it did not exceed 20% in the presence of only S. bombicola cells. These results promise to contribute to the development of green technologies for the treatment of hydrophobic pollutants with economic gains for the oil industries.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial bioindicators'

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