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Journal articles on the topic "Microbial consortium"
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Zakaria Ahmed and Shuranjan Sarkar. "Microbial consortium: A new approach in jute retting of preserved dry ribbons." International Journal of Life Science Research Updates 4, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0106.
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The present research was taken to formulate bacterial consortium as whole cell biocatalyst for retting of dry jute ribbons. The bacteria were obtained from different sources of jute retting water, enriched on nutrient broth medium. Microbial consortium was constructed from 7 (seven) selected isolated bacteria to become 7 (seven) combination culture which exhibited remarkable retting efficacy due to the induction of different enzymes activities. The enzymatic as well as biochemical activity of these bacteria were tested. The strains were selected based on the criteria that they were able to display good zone of inhibition. Formulations showed good potential as candidates for microbial consortium. In the two combination treatment with water (5 ml), microbial consortia of (10DTW2b+OMPW4b), (10DTW2b+4DTW7b) and (OMEW4b+10DTW2b) were found better for all the cases. Again, in three combinations treatment with water (5 ml d.H2O), fineness, brightness and smoothness/softness, all were found higher in microbial consortia of (3PRRF5b+4DTF1b+10DTW2b), which is a unique findings. This research is on-going and need to optimize these consortiums with different parameters and also carry out retting analysis.
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Milcic-Terzic, J., Y. Lopez-Vidal, M. M. Vrvic, and S. Saval. "Biodegradation potential assessment of microbial consortia isolated from a diesel-contaminated soil." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (September 1, 2000): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0541.
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Diesel, toluene and naphthalene-degrading microbial consortia were isolated from a diesel-contaminated soil. The presence of catabolic genes, xylE and ndoB responsible for toluene/xylene and naphthalene biodegradation, respectively, were screened by PCR techniques in all microbial consortia. The diesel-consortium possessed both catabolic genes, the toluene-consortium only the xylE gene, while the naphthalene-consortium possessed only the ndoB gene. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that contaminated soil has indigenous microbes with a high natural potential for biodegradation.
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Babich, Olga, Stanislav Sukhikh, Lyubov Dyshlyuk, Olga Shishko, Irina Milentyeva, Alexander Prosekov, Valery Pavsky, Svetlana Ivanova, and Vyacheslav Dolganyuk. "Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Antagonistic Properties of Microorganisms Isolated from Natural Sources for Obtaining Biofertilizers Using Microalgae Hydrolysate." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081667.
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Determination of the biocompatibility of microorganisms isolated from natural sources (Kemerovo Oblast—Kuzbass) resulted in the creation of three microbial consortia based on the isolated strains: consortium I (Bacillus pumilus, Pediococcus damnosus, and Pediococcus pentosaceus), consortium II (Acetobacter aceti, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Streptomyces parvus), and consortium III (Amycolatopsis sacchari, Bacillus stearothermophilus; Streptomyces thermocarboxydus; and Streptomyces thermospinisporus). The nutrient media composition for the cultivation of each of the three studied microbial consortia, providing the maximum increase in biomass, was selected: consortium I, nutrient medium 11; consortium II, nutrient medium 13; for consortium III, nutrient medium 16. Consortia I and II microorganisms were cultured at 5–25 °C, and consortium III at 50–70 °C. Six types of psychrophilic microorganisms (P. pentosaceus, P. chlororaphis, P. damnosus, B. pumilus, A. aceti, and S. parvus) and four types of thermophilic microorganisms (B. stearothermophilus, S. thermocarboxydus, S. thermospinisporus, and A. sacchari) were found to have high antagonistic activity against the tested pathogenic strains (A. faecalis, B. cinerea, E. carotovora, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, R. stolonifera, X. vesicatoria. pv. Vesicatoria, and E. aphidicola). The introduction of microalgae hydrolyzate increased the concentration of microorganisms by 5.23 times in consortium I, by 4.66 times in consortium II, by 6.6 times in consortium III. These data confirmed the efficiency (feasibility) of introducing microalgae hydrolyzate into the biofertilizer composition.
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Pas, Aris Aksarah, Didy Sopandie, Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas, and Dwi Andreas Santosa. "UJI DAN SELEKSI ISOLAT KONSORSIUM MIKROB FILOSFER DAN RIZOSFER TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH PADI." Jurnal Agrotech 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31970/agrotech.v8i2.21.
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The application of microbes on the seeds of rice plants, microbes can enter into the rice seed tissues and growth in seed tissues, these microbes can colonize and survive and develop in the seeds. Colonization will continue when the plant grows. This study aims to select the phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium which can increase plant growth. Furthermore, choosing the best phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium to test its effectiveness in increasing rice growth. The test method was carried out by soaking the rice seeds (seed treatment) on each mixture suspension for 24 hours. Sprout power was observed after 2 days of incubation and root length, shoot length, wet weight and dry weight of seedlings were observed after 5 days. The method uses a Completely Randomized Design one treatment factor. The selection of the eight best consortium isolates was chosen based on the ranking after each parameter was given the weight multiplied by the scoring. The explored samples from various ecosystems in Sigi Regency contain the phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium. The isolates of the phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium have a positive, neutral and negative influence on rice seed germination. Can be selected for each of the eight best phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortiums
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Maoz, Ariel, Ralf Mayr, and Siegfried Scherer. "Temporal Stability and Biodiversity of Two Complex Antilisterial Cheese-Ripening Microbial Consortia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (July 2003): 4012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4012-4018.2003.
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ABSTRACT The temporal stability and diversity of bacterial species composition as well as the antilisterial potential of two different, complex, and undefined microbial consortia from red-smear soft cheeses were investigated. Samples were collected twice, at 6-month intervals, from each of two food producers, and a total of 400 bacterial isolates were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Coryneform bacteria represented the majority of the isolates, with certain species being predominant. In addition, Marinolactobacillus psychrotolerans, Halomonas venusta, Halomonas variabilis, Halomonas sp. (106 to 107 CFU per g of smear), and an unknown, gram-positive bacterium (107 to 108 CFU per g of smear) are described for the first time in such a consortium. The species composition of one consortium was quite stable over 6 months, but the other consortium revealed less diversity of coryneform species as well as less stability. While the first consortium had a stable, extraordinarily high antilisterial potential in situ, the antilisterial activity of the second consortium was lower and decreased with time. The cause for the antilisterial activity of the two consortia remained unknown but is not due to the secretion of soluble, inhibitory substances by the individual components of the consortium. Our data indicate that the stability over time and a potential antilisterial activity are individual characteristics of the ripening consortia which can be monitored and used for safe food production without artificial preservatives.
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Tusher, Tanmoy Roy, Takuya Shimizu, Chihiro Inoue, and Mei-Fang Chien. "Enrichment and Analysis of Stable 1,4-dioxane-Degrading Microbial Consortia Consisting of Novel Dioxane-Degraders." Microorganisms 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010050.
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Biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane, a water contaminant of emerging concern, has drawn substantial attention over the last two decades. A number of dioxane-degraders have been identified, though many of them are unable to metabolically utilize 1,4-dioxane. Moreover, it is considered more preferable to use microbial consortia rather than the pure strains, especially in conventional bioreactors for industrial wastewater treatment. In the present study, a stable 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbial consortium was enriched, namely 112, from industrial wastewater by nitrate mineral salt medium (NMSM). The consortium 112 is capable of utilizing 1,4-dioxane as a sole carbon and energy source, and can completely degrade 1,4-dioxane up to 100 mg/L. From the consortium 112, two 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterial strains were isolated and identified, in which the Variovorax sp. TS13 was found to be a novel 1,4-dioxane-degrader that can utilize 100 mg/L of 1,4-dioxane. The efficacy of the consortium 112 was increased significantly when we cultured the consortium with mineral salt medium (MSM). The new consortium, N112, could utilize 1,4-dioxane at a rate of 1.67 mg/L·h. The results of the ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) depicted that changes in the microbial community structure of consortium 112 was the reason behind the improved degradation efficiency of consortium N112, which was exhibited as a stable and effective microbial consortium with a high potential for bioremediation of the dioxane-impacted sites and contaminated industrial wastewater.
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Singh, Gauri, and Ashok Kumar Singh. "DECOLORIZATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT WASTE BY MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 1 (October 11, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v4i1.8000.
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<p><strong>Aim</strong>: The effluent discharged from sugarcane molasses based distilleries causes environmental pollution due to its large volume and dark brown colour. The effluents also acifidys soils and causes harmful effects on agriculture crops. The objective of this work was the decolourization of molasses waste water from Doiwala sugar industry, Dehradun was done using different microbial consortiums. <strong>Methodology and Results</strong>: The microbial strains used in this study were obtained from IMTECH, Chandigarh. They were designated as A is E. coli, B is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, C is Staphylococcus aureus, D is Serritia odoriferae, E is Proteus vulgaris and F is Candida albicans. A total of six combinations were prepared using these strains i.e A+B, C+D, E+F, A+B+C, D+E+F and A+B+C+D+E+F. These consortiums were subjected to decolorization experiment of molasses waste water from Doiwala Sugar Factory, Dehradun, India at regular time interval by measuring the optical density. It was observed that at 7th day incubation in each case all consortiums showed maximum decolorization after which the percentage of decolorization was stable. It was also observed that the bacterial consortiums showed higher decolorization than the mixture of bacteria and fungi. Consortium C+D showed highest decolorization i.e. 89%. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study</strong>: it is recommended that industry should work with this consortium for decolorization of molasses containing wastewater to solve this environmental problem.</p><p> </p>
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Heni Krestini, Eti, Ani Susilawati, and Catur Hermanto. "Effect of NPK fertilizer and microbial consortium to growth and production of garlic (Allium sativum L.)." BIO Web of Conferences 20 (2020): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202003010.
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Garlic productivity in Indonesia is relatively low due to ecological fitness, agronomic performance, and pest losses. For the reason, the research was objected to study the effect of microbial consortium and NPK fertilizer toward the growth and production of garlic. This research was conducted at the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute situated at 1.300 m asl in Lembang – West Jawa – Indonesia from October 2018 until February 2019. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design, consisted of 6 treatments, and 3 replications. The treatments were: 1) no microbial consortium + no NPK fertilizer (negative control), 2) no microbial consortium + 50% NPK fertilizer, 3). no microbial consortium + 100% NPK recommendation, 4) application of microbial consortium + no NPK, 5) application of microbial consortium + 50% of NPK recommendation, and 6). Application of microbial consortium + 100% of NPK recommendation. The results showed that there was no significant effect of NPK fertilizer and the microbial consortium on the growth and production of garlic. However, the application of microbial consortium + 50% of NPK recommendation performed best on plant height and number of leaves, while application of microbial consortium only resulted in the best pseudostem growth and yield component of garlic.
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Runajak, Raviporn, Santi Chuetor, Wawat Rodiahwati, Malinee Sriariyanun, Prapakorn Tantayotai, and Somkiat Phornphisutthimas. "Analysis of Microbial Consortia with High Cellulolytic Activities for Cassava Pulp Degradation." E3S Web of Conferences 141 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014103005.
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Biogas production is one of the means to manage the cassava pulp waste obtained from the cassava processing plants. The success of the process is determined by the hydrolysis in an anaerobic digester. When the digester failure is found, the new microbial consortium inoculum is introduced to the system with the long period of set up time. This research aimed to construct the endemic microbial consortium by re-cultivating the cellulolytic microbial consortia obtained from cassava pulp and digester wastewater with the expected shorter set up time. Modifications of enrichment and re-cultivation methods by varying the nutrients, pH and temperature improved the enzymatic hydrolysis yields, as reducing sugars, of CMC, rice straw and cassava pulp substrates approximately 9, 3, and 13 times, respectively. To analyze the enzymatic activities of the selected microbial consortia, the cellulase enzyme was extracted, partially purified and analyzed on CMC-zymogram. The ~130 kDa-sized cellulase enzyme was identified with endocellulase activity, and it was considered as a relatively large molecular size molecule compared to most bacterial endocellulases. The selected microbial consortia were tested for their biomass degradation capacities, and the optimal operational condition was obtained at pH 7.0 and 30 °C. This optimal condition showed the proof of the concept that this re-cultivated consortium could be applied in on-site digester with high efficiency.
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K, Prasad. "Productivity and Quality of Horticultural Crop Capsicum (Capsicum Annum L) Through Co-Inoculation of Novel Microbial Consortium Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Glycoprotein Producing AM Fungi and Chemical Fertilizer under Low-Cost Protected Cultivation." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000223.
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Capsicum (Capsicum annum L.) is a common vegetable crop with a wide range of culinary utilization worldwide. In horticultural practices, inoculating the planting medium with a beneficial microbial consortium is a novel approach to cultivating highquality, healthy plants with abundant nutrition. In the following study, inoculation of a selected microbial consortium consisting of PGPR (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Fraturia, Azospirillum, and Bacillus spp.) and glycoprotein producing AM fungi (Aculospora logula-15%, Glomus fasciculatum-20%, Glomus intraradices-40%, Gigaspora margarita-15%, and Scutellospora heterogama-10%) was inoculated to the planting medium in beds to raise capsicum plants in a low cost protected cultivation. Plant height, stem girth, fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruit per plant parameters to be considered in the study. Mycorrhizal root colonization, macro, and micronutrient uptake, and quality yield, were increased the most with multiple microbial inoculations. Treatments revealed that plants inoculated with the multiple microbial consortia increased substantially faster than plants treated with chemical fertilizer (100 % RDF) and control. Maximum yield (742.5 q ha-1) was recorded in treatment Absolute’s consortium PGPR+ AM Fungi along with maximum values of shelf life (7.10 DAS), TSS (Brix0 5.63), the number of fruit/plant (8.20), fruit length (8.5cm), fruit diameter (7. 81cm) and fruit weight (224g) as compared with control and other biological treatments. The best treatment with respect to projected yield was Absolute consortium PGPR + AM fungi followed by control. Based on the various growth and microbiological parameters studied, it was concluded that inoculation with the multiple microbial consortia (Absolute consortium PGPR+AM fungi) was beneficial for raising healthy, vigorously growing capsicum plants under low-cost protected conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microbial consortium"
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Mashaphu, Nthabiseng. "The microbial composition of a natural methanogenic consortium." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Wetlands account for approximately 20% of annual global methane emissions. Many wetlands receive inputs of organic matter, nutrients, metals and various toxic compounds from adjacent agricultural and industrial areas. The present study aimed to investigate the microbial composition of a natural methanogenic consortium. A consortium-based molecular approach to study diversity of methanogenic microbial communities in a natural wetland at the primary inflow was used. Key microorganisms of a nethane producing consortium were identified. Extracted high molecular mss DNA ws analysed by PCR combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and subsequent sequencing of 16S rDNA. This study was also aimed to identify syntrophic microorganisms in the wetland system. The data obtained suggest a well established syntrophic relationship within the wetland.
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Anieto, Ugochukwu Obiakornobi. "Engineered Microbial Consortium for the Efficient Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699973/.
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Current energy and environmental challenges are driving the use of cellulosic materials for biofuel production. A major obstacle in this pursuit is poor ethanol tolerance among cellulolytic Clostridium species. The first objective of this work was to establish a potential upper boundary of ethanol tolerance for the cellulosome itself. The hydrolytic function of crude cellulosome extracts from C. cellulolyticum on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% (v/v) ethanol was determined. Results indicated that the endoglucanase activity of the cellulosome incubated in 5% and 10% ethanol was significantly different from a control without ethanol addition. Furthermore a significant difference was observed in endoglucanase activity for cellulosome incubated in 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% ethanol in a standalone experiment. Endoglucanase activity continued to be observed for up to 25% ethanol, indicating that cellulosome function in ethanol will not be an impediment to future efforts towards engineering increasing production titers to levels at least as high as the current physiological limits of the most tolerant ethanologenic microbes. The second objective of this work was to study bioethanol production by a microbial co-culture involving Clostridium cellulolyticum and a recombinant Zymomonas mobilis engineered for the utilization of oligodextrans. The recombinant Z. mobilis ZM4 pAA1 and wild type ZM4 were first tested on RM medium (ATCC 1341) containing 2% cellobiose as the carbon source. Ethanol production from the recombinant Z. mobilis was three times that observed from the wild type Z. mobilis. Concomitant with ethanol production was the reduction in OD from 2.00 to 1.580, indicating the consumption of cellobiose. No such change in OD was observed from the wild type. The recombinant ZM4 was then co-cultured with C. cellulolyticum using cellobiose and microcrystalline cellulose respectively as carbon sources. Results indicate that the recombinant ZM4 acted synergistically with C. cellulolyticum to utilize 2.0 g L-1 cellobiose, producing as much as 0.40 mM concentration of ethanol whereas only 0.20 mM ethanol was detected for the wild type ZM4 co-cultured with C. cellulolyticum under the same conditions. A co-culture of the recombinant ZM4 and C. cellulolyticum using 7.5 g L-1 microcrystalline cellulose gave lower ethanol yield than when using cellobiose. In the latter case, the recombinant began producing ethanol in 5 days whereas the wild type required 10 days to produce detectable ethanol. Future efforts will concentrate on identifying the correct concentration of cellulosic substrate at which synergy will be observed using the recombinant ZM4 and other cellulose degrading microorganisms, as well as optimizing medium formulations to better support both organisms.
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Alzahrany, Hashim. "Hydrocarbon remediation by microbial consortium : validation with molecular and biotechnological tools." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185862.
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There is a need for sustainable approaches in the remediation of hydrocarbon (HC)-impacted environments. Bioremediation has gained prominence but to be effective this requires consideration of the physical, chemical and biological processes in an environmental matrix. In the first part of this study, physical constraints to effective bioremediation of drill cutting (DC) were quantified using slurry-phase treatments. The DC:water ratio and aeration of the DC slurries were optimised. Results indicated that physical parameters, unless effectively managed, could greatly influence the performance of bioremediation campaign, both in terms of end-point and duration. Once physical aspects have been addressed, it is important to understand both chemical and biological processes. There has been a great deal of work considering the significance of chemical processes such as bioavailability, pH performance range and nutrient optimisation. These were not investigated in this programme of research. Bioaugmentation (microbial seeding of contaminated soils) has been proposed as a significant method for bioremediating HC-contaminated matrices. However, the value of bioaugmentation has been the subject of considerable controversy. The performance of bioaugmentation was studied in this project both directly and indirectly. Compounds capable of encouraging the activity of HC degraders were added to media. This "conditioning" process was investigated and quantified in three major experiments. Firstly, the conditioning of a HC-degrading bacterial consortium using selective enrichment substrates was studied. Here, INT reduction was monitored over time using 96-well microplates containing mineral media supplemented with diesel, toluene, hexadecane and phenanthrene. The colour development resulting from conditioning on different substrates varied significantly (P≤ 0.05). Secondly, the performance of HC degraders (Pseudomonas putida F1 and it's bioluminescent derivative, P. putida TVA8) after conditioning on a range of catabolic inducer substrates was studied. The development of an optimised experimental procedure to study carbon transformation of toluene as a consequence of conditioning was reported. Cultures conditioned on toluene had significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher activity, biomass and toluene degradation rates than the other treatments. Finally, the effect of conditioning three HC-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 9816, Pseudomonas sp. and Klebsiella sp.), individually and in combination, on degradative performance and relative species abundance was assessed. DGGE profiles indicated significant (P≤ 0.05) changes in relative species abundance but, generally, there were no significant differences in HC degradation or cumulative respiration. The results reported in this thesis, at the genotypic, phenotypic and functional levels reveal the complexity of HC remediation and the need to combine detailed analytical chemistry with focussed microbial measurements.
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Paixão, Douglas Antonio Alvaredo [UNESP]. "Prospecção gênica e diversidade bacteriana de um consórcio degradador de óleo diesel." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94906.
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A estratégia de clonagem e sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA é uma das técnicas moleculares que permite estimar e comparar a diversidade microbiana de diferentes amostras ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a diversidade de microrganismos pertencentes ao Domínio Bactéria em um consórcio degradador de óleo diesel, por meio do sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA, assim como desenvolver uma nova metodologia de rastreamento em bibliotecas metagenômicas. O consórcio bacteriano foi obtido através de solo enriquecido com óleo diesel. O DNA metagenômico foi extraído com o auxílio do kit Fast DNA spin Kit for soil (Bio101- Quantum Biotechnologies) e amplificado por uma reação de PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase) com os oligonucleotídeos iniciadores FD1 e RD1 específicos para a o gene 16S rRNA. Os produtos de PCR foram clonados em vetor pGEM T Easy (Promega) e transformados em células competentes de Escherichia Coli DH5 . O sequenciamento parcial dos clones foi feito com oligonucleotideos universais do vetor. Para a prospecção gênica foi utilizado membranas de nylon com “pools” de DNA de todas as placas. A biblioteca obtida gerou 431 clones. Os clones obtidos apresentaram similaridade com o filo Proteobacteria, com representantes das classes Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteira e Betaproteobacteria. O gênero Pseudomonas apresentou-se com maior frequência de clones na biblioteca. O “software” DOTUR foi usado para determinar o número de unidades taxonômicas operacionais (OTUs). A curva de extinção indicou que os 431 clones sequenciado foram suficientes para estimar a diversidade bacteriana do consórcio. A metodologia testada baseado em “pools” de DNA foi eficiente na detecção e isolamento do gene Alkb na bilbioteca metagenomica.
Cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene it is one of the molecular techniques that permits estimate and compare the microbial diversity of different environmental samples. The aim of this work was estimate the diversity of microorganisms that belong to Bacteria domain in a consortium specialized in diesel oil degradation, through partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, as well as develop a new methodology for screening libraries in metagenomics. This consortium was obtained through enrichments achieved using diesel oil in soil samples. The metagenomic DNA was obtained using Fast DNA spin Kit for soil (Bio 101-Quantum Biotechnologies) and amplified by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) with FD1 and RD1 oligonucleotides, which are specific for 16S rRNA gene. The PCR products were cloned into pGEM-TEasy vector (Promega) and Escherichia coli DH5 was used as the host cell for recombinant DNAs. The partial clones sequencing was obtained using universal primers of the vector. For the exploration of gene were used nylon membranes with Pools of DNA from all plates. The library generated from 431 clones. All clones sequenced showed similarity with the phylum Proteobacteria, distributed in Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteira and Betaproteobacteria classes. The Pseudomonas genus was the most abundant genus found in the metagenomic library. The DOTUR software was used to assigns sequences to operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Using the OTUs composition data, rarefaction curves were made to show that 431 sequences were enough to obtain a satisfactory coverage of diversity of the microbial consortium. The test methodology based on Pools of DNA isolation was effective in detecting the gene Alkb Library metagenomics.
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Araújo, Solange Pires de. "Produção de inóculo microbiano, obtido de macrófitas aquáticas na Amazônia, com potencial de degradação de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4307.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The Amazon, which owns the largest fauna and flora in the world presents unparalleled wealth of biological diversity, however, keep intact this megadiversity requires scientific and technological knowledge. In this context, there is an important biotechnological tool that is the bioremediation of impacted environments with petroleum hydrocarbons and derivatives. In the present study samples of microbial communities of fungi and bacteria associated with aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Ichnanthus calvescens Döll and Cyperus ligularis L., were researched. These host plants common at Rio Negro were collected in contaminated environments by oil and oil products at Waterway Station from Manaus. From the species selected, 155 bacterial strains were isolated, being 97 epiphytic and 58 endophytic, and 54 fungi strains, being 30 epiphytic and 24 endophytic. Selective media were used for isolation of microorganisms such as BH liquid medium (Bushhnell Haas) plus oil. The oil and diesel used are from the Base Oil Urucu, Amazonas. The biodegradability tests were performed on selective medium (BH), with the addition of oil as the carbon source known as Medium I This test was repeated with the addition to the medium I the redox indicator 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP), called medium II. After the evaluationof microbial isolates were selected 6 bacteria and 7 fungi. Molecular identification of bacteria was performed by the 16S ribosomal DNA region and revealed the presence of Bacillus pumilus (endophytic / epiphytic), Lysinibacillus fusiform (epiphytic), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (epiphytic) and Acinetobacter junii (epiphytic/epiphytic). For molecular identification of fungi was performed by the ITS1 and ITS2 region and revealed the presence of Curvularia trifolii (epiphytic), Curvularia clavata (endophytic / epiphytic), Gibberella intermedia (epiphytic/endophytic), Phoma herbarum (epiphytic) and Dothideomycetes sp (epiphytic). These microorganisms were selected for composition of microbial consortium that were used for hydrocarbon biodegradation tests. The measurement of biodegradation of oil and diesel activities was estimated by chromatography and mass spectrometry. In tests we used water of Rio Negro with the aim of approaching research the environment that are being studied. Degradation of hydrocarbons by consortia of fungi and bacteria had significant average values (98.7 to 100%), but did not show any statistical difference between the degradation of the control containing water of the Rio Negro (97.3%). In the experiment with the mixed consortium (FB), there were significant differences, because although the control containing water of the Rio Negro has promoted degradation of diesel by wild microbiota (81.7%), this degradation was lower and statistically different from the mixed consortium (97,5%). Analysis were carried out for degradation of the compounds naphthalene and phenanthrene of diesel by consortia . It was observed that phenanthrene was the best that has been degraded by the mixed consortium (F / B), however the naphthalene was better degraded by the control containing only water from the Rio Negro, highlighting the potential of wild microorganisms that deserve attention in future research, the isolation of these ones in waters from Rio Negro. In the experimental design with the consortia, the results showed that mixed consortia (FB) have potential for use in future bioremediation.
A Amazônia, detentora da maior fauna e flora do mundo apresenta riqueza inigualável de diversidade biológica, entretanto, manter intacta essa megadiversidade requer conhecimentos científicos e tecnológicos. Nesse contexto, situa-se uma importante ferramenta biotecnológica que é a biorremediação de ambientes impactados por hidrocarbonetos de petróleo e derivados. No presente trabalho realizou-se estudo de amostras das comunidades microbianas de fungos e bactérias associadas às macrófitas aquáticas Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Ichnanthus calvescens Döll e Cyperus ligularis L. Essas plantas hospedeiras comuns nas águas do rio Negro foram coletadas em ambientes contaminados por petróleo e derivados na Estação Hidroviária de Manaus. Das espécies vegetais selecionadas foram isoladas 155 linhagens de bactérias, sendo 97 epifíticas e 58 endofíticas e 54 cepas de fungos, sendo 30 epifíticos e 24 endofíticos. Foram empregados meio seletivo para isolamento dos microrganismos tal como meio liquido BH (Bushhnell Haas) acrescido de petróleo. O petróleo e o diesel utilizados foram provenientes da Base Petrolífera de Urucu, Amazonas. Os ensaios de biodegradabilidade foram realizados em meio seletivo (BH), com a adição de petróleo como fonte de carbono denominado Meio I. Este ensaio foi repetido com a adição ao meio I do indicador redox 2,6-diclorofenol indofenol (DCPIP), denominado meio II. Após a avaliação dos isolados microbianos foram selecionados 6 bactérias e 7 fungos. A identificação molecular das bactérias foi realizada por meio da região do DNA ribossomal 16S e revelou a presença de Bacillus pumilus (Endofítica/epifítica), Lysinibacillus fusiformes (Epifítica), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Epifítica) e Acinetobacter junii (Epifítica/epifítica). A identificação molecular dos fungos foi realizada por meio da região TS1 e ITS2 e revelou a presença das seguintes espécies: Curvularia trifolii (epifítica), Curvularia clavata (endofítica/epifítica), Gibberella intermedia (epifítica/endofitica), Phoma herbarum (epifítica) e Dothideomycetes sp (epifítica). Estes microrganismos foram selecionados para composição do consórcio microbianos que foram utilizados em ensaios de biodegradação de hidrocarbonetos. A mensuração das atividades de biodegradação de petróleo e diesel foi estimada por cromatografia e espectrometria de massa. Nos ensaios utilizou-se água do rio Negro com o objetivo de aproximar a pesquisa ao ambiente de estudo. A degradação dos hidrocarbonetos pelos consócios de fungos e bactérias apresentaram médias significativas (98,7-100%), mas não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre a degradação do controle contendo água do rio Negro (97,3%). No experimento com o consórcio misto (F/B), houve diferenças significativas, pois embora o controle contendo água do rio Negro tenha promovido degradação do diesel pela microbiota selvagem (81,7%), esta degradação foi inferior e diferente estatisticamente do consórcio misto (97,5%). Foram realizadas análises de degradação dos compostos naftaleno e fenantreno do óleo diesel pelos consórcios Observou-se que o composto fenantreno foi o que melhor foi degradado pelo consórcio misto (F/B). Entretanto, o naftaleno foi melhor degradado pelo controle contendo somente água do rio Negro, destacando o potencial dos microrganismos selvagens que merecem atenção nas futuras pesquisas, no isolamento destes em águas do rio Negro. O índice de toxicidade dos extratos microbianos foram avaliados como toxicidade moderada para o consórcio misto (F/B), já para o consórcio de fungos e consórcios de bactérias não apresentou toxicidade. No planejamento experimental com os consórcios, os resultados obtidos demonstraram que consórcios mistos (F/B) apresentaramm potencial para uso em futuros processos de biorremediação.
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Schoeman, Tersia. "Characterisation and identification of the active microbial consortium present in Kepi grains." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52158.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Kepi is an acidic, self-carbonated milk beverage that is produced by fermenting milk with grain-like structures that contain naturally occurring microbes, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts. The specific microbes present in the Kepi grains are responsible for an acidic-alcoholic fermentation of the milk and also contributes to the various health properties exhibited by Kepi. The combination of microbes in the Kepi grains can vary considerably depending on which type of milk is fermented, the method by which Kepi is produced, the origin of the grains and how the grains are stored. In this study, the impact of various environmental conditions including the different stages during Kepi production, grain origin, Iyophilisation and packaging in three different packaging materials, on the microbial community of Kepi grains were studied using selective growth media, morphology and biochemical characteristics. It was found that there was a general decrease in the microbial counts from laboratory produced Kepi grains, the longer Kepi was produced on a continuous basis. This decrease in microbial counts was also observed during the different stages of Kepi production. The average LAB counts obtained from laboratory produced grains decreased from 1.1 x 108 cfu.q" after 3 d of activation to 6.3 x 107 cfu.q' after 10 d of mass production to 9.7 x 106 cfu.q' after a further 30 d of normal Kepi production. The average yeast counts increased from no detectable yeasts after 3 d of activation to 5.7 x 107 cfu.q' after 10 d of mass production and then decreased again to 7.2 x 106 cfu.q' after 30 d of normal Kepi production. The combination of the isolates varied according to the method by which the Kepi grains were produced and the stress conditions that were applied. Laboratory produced Kepi grains contained the following LAB: Lactobacillus fermentum, Lb. brevis 3, Lb. p/antarum, Lb. de/brueckii subsp. de/brueckii, Lactococcus /actis subsp. /actis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. The identified yeasts and mycelial fungi were a Zygosaccharomyces strain, Cryptococcus humico/us, Candida /ambica, C. krusei, C. kefyr and Geotrichum candidum. The influence of grain origin on the microbial content of Kepi grains was also investigated using samples of Kepi grains from eight different Southern African sources. The microbial counts of the various Kepi grain samples were found to vary from 6.0 x 105 cfu.q" to 1.7 x 108 cfu.q". Five Lactobacillus, two Leuconostoc, four Candida, one Saccharomyces and a Zygosaccharomyces strain were isolated from these grains, with each grain type having its own unique microbial combination. The microbial content of the Kepi grains that were Iyophilised, packaged in three different packaging materials and stored at room temperature for two months, was very similar. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii was isolated from the Kepi grains packaged in "low density polyethylene film" (LOPE). The grains packaged in "oriented polyester film" (OPET) contained Lb. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii and Lb. brevis, while Lb. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii and Lb. curvatus was present in the grains packaged in "methallised oriented polyester film" (MOPET). The average microbial counts obtained from the Kepi grains packaged in OPET (2.7 x 106 cfu.q') were only slightly higher than that of the grains packaged in LOPE (1.2 x 106 cfu.q') and OPET (1.4 x 106 cfu.q'). It was concluded that packaging materials for Kepi grains should rather be evaluated on the quality of Kepi produced with the packaged grains than by the specific characteristics of the packaging materials. The enrichment of Kepi grains with propionibacteria was also evaluated. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method, specifically designed for the rapid identification of propionibacteria, was developed and tested successfully. Using this technique it was concluded that propionibacteria were not a natural part of the Kepi beverage and grains as used in this study. However, during the enrichment of the grains with propionibacteria it was determined that a propionibacteria concentration of 1 x 108 cfu.rnt' was needed for successful PCR amplification results. The data obtained in this study clearly showed that the method by which Kepi is produced, the origin of Kepi grains and the method of Kepi grain preservation changes the relationship between the microbes constituting the grains to such an extent that a different microbial community is assembled. It was also concluded that traditional methods should be used together with newer methods in determining this microbial community.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kepi is 'n self-gekarboneerde, effens suur melkdrankie wat geproduseer word deur melk te fermenteer met korrels waarin mikrobes (melksuurbakterieë en giste) natuurlik voorkom. Die mikrobes in die Kepi korrels is verantwoordelik vir 'n suuralkoholiese fermentasie en dra verder by tot die verskeie gesondheidseienskappe wat Kepi besit. Die kombinasie van mikrobes in die Kepi korrels wissel afhangende van die tipe melk wat gebruik word, die metode waarvolgens Kepi gemaak word, die oorsprong van die korrels en hoe die korrels geberg word. In hierdie studie is die impak van verskeie omgewingskondisies insluitende die verskillende stadiums tydens Kepi produksie, korreloorsprong, vriesdroging en verpakking in drie verskillende verpakkingsmateriale, op die mikrobiese samestelling van Kepi korrels bepaal m.b.v. selektiewe groei media en morfologiese en biochemiese eienskappe. Dit is gevind dat daar 'n afname was in die mikrobiese tellings van laboratorium geproduseerde Kepi korrels hoe langer Kepi op 'n aaneenlopende basis geproduseer is. Die afname in mikrobiese tellings is ook waargeneem tydens die verskillende stadiums van Kepi produksie. Die gemiddelde melksuurbakterieë tellings van laboratorium geproduseerde korrels het afgeneem vanaf 1.1 x 108 kve.q' na 3 d van aktivering tot 6.3 x 107 kve.q" na 10 d van massakweking tot 9.7 x 106 kve.q" na 'n verdere 30 d van normale Kepi produksie. Die gemiddelde gis tellings het gestyg vanaf geen giste na 3 d van aktivering tot 5.7 x 107 kve.q" na 10 d van massakweking en het toe weer gedaal tot 7.2 x 106 kve.q' na 30 d van normale Kepi produksie. Die kombinasie van die isolate het gewissel na gelang van die metode waarop die Kepi korrels geproduseer is en die stres kondisies wat toegepas is. Laboratorium geproduseerde Kepi korrels het bestaan uit Lactobacillus fermentum, Lb. brevis 3, Lb. p/antarum, Lb. de/brueckii subsp. de/brueckii, Lactococcus /actis subsp. /actis 1en Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. Die giste en misiliëre fungi wat geïs~leer is was 'n Zygosaccharomyces stam, Cryptococcus humico/us, Candida lambica, C. krusei, C. kefyr en Geotrichum candidum. Die invloed wat die oorsprong van Kepi korrels op die mikrobiese samestelling daarvan het, is bepaal m.b.v. Kepi korrels afkomstig van agt verskillende dele in Suidelike Afrika. Die mikrobiese tellings van die verskeie tipes Kepi korrels het gewissel vanaf 6.0 x 105 kve.q' tot 1.7 x 108 kve.q", Vyf Lactobacillus, twee Leuconostoc, vier Candida, een Saccharomyces en 'n Zygosaccharomyces is geïsoleer vanuit die korrels, waarvan elke tipe korrel sy eie unieke mikrobiese samestelling gehad het. Die mikrobiese samestelling van korrels wat gevriesdroog, verpak is in drie verskillende verpakkingsmateriale en by kamertemperatuur gestoor is vir twee maande, was baie eenders. Vanuit die Kepi korrels wat verpak is in "lae digtheid polietileen film" (LOPE) is Lb. delbrueckii subsp. teetis geïsoleer. Die korrels wat verpak is in "georienteerde poltester film" (OPET) het Lb. delbrueckii subsp. leetis en Lb. brevis besit, terwyl Lb. delbrueckii subsp. leetis en Lb. curvatus teenwoordig was in die korrels wat in "gemetileerde georienteerde poltester film" (MOPET) verpak is. Die gemiddelde mikrobiese tellings van die korrels wat verpak is in OPET (2.6 x 106 kve.q') was effens hoër as dié van die korrels wat verpak is in LOPE (1.2 x 106 kve.q") en MOPET (1.3 x 106 kve.q"). Dit is bepaal dat verpakkingsmateriale vir Kepi korrels eerder geevalueer moet word op die kwaliteit van die Kepi wat met die verpakte korrels geproduseer word, as op die spesifieke eienskappe van die verpakkingsmateriale. Die mikrobiese verryking van Kepi korrels met propionibakterieë is ook ondersoek. 'n Polimerase ketting reaksie (PKR) gebaseerde metode, spesifiek ontwerp vir die vinnige identifikasie van propionibakterieë, is ontwikkel en suksesvol getoets. Met hierdie tegniek is bepaal dat propionibakterieë nie 'n natuurlike deel is van die Kepi drankie en korrels soos gebruik in hierdie studie. Gedurende die verryking van Kepi korrels met propionibakterieë is dit egter ook bepaal dat 'n propionibakterieë konsentrasie van 1 x 108 kve.rnl' nodig is vir suksesvolle PKR amplifikasie resultate. Die data verkry in hierdie studie het duidelik gewys dat die metode van Kepi produksie, die oorsprong van Kepi korrels en die metode waarop Kepi korrels gepreserveer word, verander die verhouding tussen die mikrobes in die korrels tot so 'n mate dat 'n nuwe mikrobiese gemeenskap saamgestel word. Die gevolgtrekking is ook gemaak dat tradisionele metodes saam met nuwer metodes gebruik moet word in die bepaling van hierdie mikrobiese gemeenskap.
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Camilo, Sofia Fernandes. "Origem e disseminação dos microrganismos do vinho." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8298.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaDuring the production of wine, various microorganisms may be involved such as yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. However, although there is a vast amount of information on the microorganisms that belong to the wine microbial consortium, its origin and persistence in environment close to the vineyard, through the year, has not be unraveled, yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial diversity associated with vineyard’s environments, through the year, to understand consortium microorganisms’ spread and prevalence. Soils, bark trees, insects, grapevine leaves, grapes, must and cellar equipment were analyzed. The isolated microorganisms were submitted to phenotypic tests and according to the results were selected to molecular identification. Therefore, it was noted that, in these environments, the consortium microorganisms’ prevalence was very low. Consequently, these microorganisms were only found on trees, insects, soils and damaged grapes. Nonetheless, in must and cellar equipment most of the isolated microorganisms belonged to wine microbial consortium. Thus, it remains to find which are the reservoirs preferred by wine consortium microorganisms
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Golela, Mhlangabezi Tolbert. "Effect of microbial consortium on the biokinetic test for assessing acid rock drainage potential." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2754.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Acid rock drainage (ARD) is one of the most severe environmental challenges currently faced by the mining industry worldwide. ARD is formed from the oxidation of sulphide-bearing minerals, particularly pyrite, in the presence of water and oxygen. ARD generation is accelerated by the presence of naturally occurring iron and sulphur-oxidizing micro-organisms, which regenerate leaching agents that facilitate sulphide mineral oxidation. ARD pollution is characterized by a high concentration of metals and sulphates in solution, low pH and a high salt content (salinity) in the environment, contaminating soil and groundwater. In South Africa, ARD is a major challenge in the gold and coal mining industries, where millions of tons of sulphide waste rock and overburden are generated and discarded. Characterization of these waste materials is required to develop an appropriate disposal strategy to minimise the risk of pollution and the generation of ARD. Potential ARD generation prediction from waste rock depends on the precise characterization of ARD potential using Biokinetic tests. Commonly used ARD prediction methods are static and long-term kinetic tests. Static tests provide data for a worst-case scenario focussing on strong acid chemical leaching potential to give an overall acid forming potential of a sample. Such kinetic tests provide data illustrating the rate of the net acid generation capacity of mine waste. However, these tests are capital intensive and time-consuming and fail to provide adequate information on the effect of micro-organisms on the overall net acid generation capacity of mine waste. The Biokinetic test reported herein and developed at the University of Cape Town, focusses on addressing a worst case scenario provided by static tests in a cost-effective manner and reduced time frames provided for by conventional kinetic tests. This test primarily provides relative rates of ARD generation in the presence of micro-organisms within 90 days. However, the Biokinetic test is at the developmental stage and thus far, has not been consistently used for different waste ores to determine a standardised approach. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of microbial consortia and to develop a standardisation approach for the test for ARD formation potential using gold-bearing and copper-bearing waste rock. Additionally, to refine the Semi-continuous Biokinetic test simulation, a flow-through system where there is minimal seepage in the waste deposit, was also developed. The sulphur content of the gold and copper-bearing samples used in this study was between 2.3 and 3.15%, respectively. These waste rock samples were found to be potentially acid- forming. In the Biokinetic test, finely milled waste rock samples were slurrified, inoculated with consortia and cultured under standard bioleaching conditions. Leaching and acidification rates were monitored.
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Rehfuss, Marc Y. "Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a phenol and halogenated aromatic compound degrading microbial consortium /." Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Schutte, Lionie Marie. "Isolation and identification of the microbial consortium present in fermented milks from Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80020.
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Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A wide variety of traditionally and commercially fermented milks are commonly consumed in various countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Commercially fermented milk is produced on an industrial scale according to well-managed, standardised production processes and starters are used to initiate fermentation. Traditionally fermented milk is prepared domestically and fermentation occurs spontaneously at ambient temperatures. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are responsible for milk fermentation during which they convert the milk carbohydrates to lactic acid, carbon dioxide, alcohol and other organic metabolites. Acetic acid bacteria (AAB), yeasts and mycelial fungi have also been isolated from fermented milks. In this study the microbial consortium present in three traditionally fermented milks, namely omashikwa from Namibia, masse from Mozambique and chekapmkaika from Uganda and two commercially fermented milks, namely chambiko from Malawi and omaere from Namibia, were isolated and enumerated on six different selective media that included MSR + C (specific for lactobacilli), KCA + TTC (specific for lactococci), KCA + V (specific for leuconostocs), MRS + E (specific for AAB), MEA (specific for mycelial fungi) and YPD (specific for yeasts). No significant differences were found between the enumeration values obtained for the three chambiko samples, as well as for enumeration values obtained for the two omaere samples on each of the selective media, indicating low sample variance. Significant differences between enumeration values obtained for the three omashikwa samples were found on all six selective media. Significant differences between enumeration values of the three masse samples and both the chekapmkaika samples were also observed on the selective media. In addition to this, significant differences were observed between average enumeration values obtained for each media between the masse and chekapmkaika, the chambiko and omaere, as well as when the traditional and commercial milks were compared. According to the average enumeration values obtained on each media selective for LAB, the highest bacterial counts were detected on KCA + TTC medium for omaere (2.3 x 106 cfu.ml-1), KCA + V for chambiko (1.8 x 105 cfu.ml-1), KCA + TTC for omashikwa and MRS + C for masse and chekapmkaika (6.2 x 106 and 2.0 x 103 cfu.ml-1, respectively). After isolation and enumeration of the microbes present in each milk, bacterial isolates on the media selective for LAB and AAB were obtained according to the Harrison Disk method. These isolates were identified by amplifying a 1.5 kilobase (kb) part of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by DNA sequencing. The isolates were identified by comparing the sequences obtained to sequences listed in the NCBI database using the BLAST algorithm and searching for the closest relative. The main LAB group present in the omaere was lactococci (94%), in chambiko and chekapmkaika it was lactobacilli (30% and 45%, respectively), in omashikwa it was enterococci (43%) and in masse it was leuconostocs (68%). The same microbial species were present on a number of the selective media used in this study. Lactococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from MRS + C, KCA + TTC, KCA + V and MRS + E and Leuconostoc spp. were isolated from MRS + C, MRS + E and KCA + V. Hygienic standards during traditional milk fermentation is often poor and, therefore, microbial contaminants were isolated from the traditional milk and these included Acinetobacter johnsonii and Klebsiella pneumoniae from KCA + V, Mesorhizobium loti, Acinetobacter radioresistens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Kluyvera georgiana, Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella oxytoca from KCA + TTC, Staphylococcus spp. from MRS + C and Bacillus spp. from MRS + E. Since the media used for the isolation of the LAB and AAB in this study were not selective further identification of the enumerated microbes is of importance for the identification of the microbial groups present in each fermented milk. The data obtained in this study clearly shows that fermented milks from Sub-Saharan Africa vary significantly from each other in terms of microbial numbers, microbial diversity and the dominant microbial groups present. The microbial diversity of the traditionally fermented milks was more diverse than the microbial diversity of the commercially fermented milks. LAB strains isolated from these traditionally fermented milks can be used to develop novel starters and as a result new commercially fermented dairy products with unique aromas, tastes and characteristics can be produced.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Wye verskeidenheid tradisioneel en kommersieel gefermenteerde melk produkte word algeneem verbruik in verskeie lande van Sub-Sahara Afrika. Kommersieel gefermenteerde melk word geproduseer op groot skaal, deur deeglik bestuurde gestandardiseerde produksieprosesse en 'n beginkultuur word gebruik om fermentasie te inisieer. Tradisioneel gefermenteerde melk word tuis gemaak en fermentasie gebeur spontaan by kamertemperatuur. Melksuurbakterieë (MSB) is verantwoordelik vir melkfermentasie waartydens die bakterieë koolhidrate omskakel na melksuur, koolstofdioksied, alkohol en ander organiese sure. Asetaatsuurbakterieë (ASB), giste en miseliale fungi is ook al van gefermenteerde melk geïsoleer. In hierdie studie is die mikrobiese konsortium teenwoordig in drie soorte tradisioneel gefermenteerde melk, naamlik omashikwa van Namibië, masse van Mosambiek en chekapmkaika van Uganda en twee soorte kommersieel gefermenteerde melk, naamlik chambiko van Malawi en omaere van Namibië, geïsoleer en getel op ses verskillende selektiewe groeimedia insluitend MRS + C (spesifiek vir lactobacilli), KCA + TTC (spesifiek vir lactococci), KCA + V (spesifiek vir leuconostocs), MRS + E (spesifiek vir ASB), MEA (spesifiek vir miseliale fungi) en YPD (spesifiek vir giste). Geen betekenisvolle verskille is gevind tussen die mikrobiese tellings verkry vir die drie chambiko monsters nie, sowel as tussen die mikrobiese tellings verkry vir die twee omaere monsters, op elk van die selektiewe groeimedia, wat dui op lae monster variansie. Betekenisvolle verskille is gevind tussen die mikrobiese tellings verkry vir die drie omashikwa monsters op al ses selektiewe groeimedia. Betekenisvolle verskille is ook waargeneem tussen die mikrobiese tellings van die drie masse monsters en beide die chekapmkaika monsters op die selektiewe groeimedia. Daarbenewens is betekenisvolle verskille waargeneem tussen gemiddelde mikrobiese tellings verkry vir elke groeimedium tussen die masse en chekapmkaika, die chambiko en omaere asook toe die tradisionele en kommersiële melk produkte met mekaar vergelyk is. Volgens die gemiddelde mikrobiese tellings verkry op elk van die groeimedia selektief vir MSB, is die hoogste mikrobiese telling waargeneem op KCA + TTC medium vir omaere (2.3 x 106 kve.ml-1), KCA + V vir chambiko (1.8 x 105 kve.ml-1), KCA + TTC vir omashikwa en MRS + C vir masse en chekapmkaika (6.2 x 106 en 2.0 x 103 kve.ml-1, respektiewelik). Na die isolasie en tel van die mikrobes teenwoordig in elke melk is bakteriese isolate op die media selektief vir MSB en ASB verkry volgends die Harrison Disk metode. Hierdie isolate is geïdentifiseer deur amplifikasie van „n 1.5 kilobasis (kb) gedeelte van die 16S ribosomale RNS (rRNS) geen deur gebruik te maak van die polimerase kettingreaksie gevolg deur DNS klonering. Die isolate is geïdentifiseer deur die gekloneerde insetsels se volgordes te vergelyk met volgordes beskikbaar op die NCBI webwerf deur van die BLAST algoritme gebruik te maak en die naas verwante insetsel op te spoor. Die hoof MSB groep teenwoordig in die omaere was lactococci (94%), in chambiko en chekapmkaika was dit lactobacilli (30% en 45%, respektiewelik), in die omashikwa was dit enterococci (43%) en in die masse was dit leuconostocs (68%). Dieselfde mikrobiese spesies was teenwoordig op verskeie van die selektiewe groeimedia gebruik in hierdie studie. Lactococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. en Lactobacillus spp. is geïsoleer van MRS + C, KCA + TTC, KCA + V en MRS + E en Leuconostoc spp. is geïsoleer van MRS + C, MRS + E en KCA + V. Higiëniese standaarde tydens tradisionele melkfermentasie is dikwels swak en dus is mikrobiese kontaminante geïsoleer van die tradisionele melk produkte insluitend Acinetobacter johnsonii en Klebsiella pneumoniae van KCA + V, Mesorhizobium loti, Acinetobacter radioresistens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Kluyvera georgiana, Enterobacter spp. en Klebsiella oxytoca van KCA + TTC, Staphylococcus spp. van MRS + C en Bacillus spp. van MRS + E. Aangesien die media wat gebruik is vir die isolasie van die MSB en ASB in hierdie studie nie selektief was nie, is verdere identifikasie van die getelde mikrobes belangrik vir die identifikasie van die mikrobiese groepe teenwoordig in elke melk. Die data verkry in hierdie studie dui aan dat gefermenteerde melk produkte van Sub-Sahara Afrika betekenisvol van mekaar verskil in terme van mikrobiese getalle, mikrobiese diversiteit en die dominante mikrobiese groepe teenwoordig. Die mikrobiese diversiteit van die tradisioneel gefermenteerde melk produkte was meer divers as die mikrobiese diversiteit van die kommersieel gefermenteerde melk produkte. MSB spesies geïsoleer van hierdie tradisioneel gefermenteerde melk produkte kan gebruik word om nuwe beginkulture te ontwikkel en gevolglik kan nuwe kommersieel gefermenteerde suiwelprodukte met unieke aromas, smake en eienskappe geproduseer word.
Books on the topic "Microbial consortium"
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Microbial Consortium and Biotransformation for Pollution Decontamination. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2021-0-00208-x.
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Bhat, Rouf Ahmad, Gowhar Hamid Dar, Humaira Qadri, and Khalid Hakeem. Microbial Consortium and Biotransformation for Pollution Decontamination. Elsevier, 2022.
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Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Rouf Ahmad Bhat, Gowhar Hamid Dar, and Humaira Qadri. Microbial Consortium and Biotransformation for Pollution Decontamination. Elsevier, 2022.
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A Comparison of Modeling Approaches in Simulating Chlorinated Ethene Removal in a Constructed Wetland by a Microbial Consortia. Storming Media, 2002.
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Kirchman, David L. Symbioses and microbes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0014.
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The book ends with a chapter devoted to discussing interactions between microbes and higher plants and animals. Symbiosis is sometimes used to describe all interactions, even negative ones, between organisms in persistent, close contact. This chapter focuses on interactions that benefit both partners (mutualism), or one partner while being neutral to the other (commensalism). Microbes are essential to the health and ecology of vertebrates, including Homo sapiens. Microbial cells outnumber human cells on our bodies, aiding in digestion and warding off pathogens. In consortia similar to the anaerobic food chain of anoxic sediments, microbes are essential in the digestion of plant material by deer, cattle, and sheep. Different types of microbes form symbiotic relationships with insects and help to explain their huge success in the biosphere. Protozoa are crucial for wood-boring insects, symbiotic bacteria in the genus Buchnera provide sugars to host aphids while obtaining essential amino acids in exchange, and fungi thrive in subterranean gardens before being harvested for food by ants. Symbiotic dinoflagellates directly provide organic material to support coral growth in exchange for ammonium and other nutrients. Corals are now threatened worldwide by rising oceanic temperatures, decreasing pH, and other human-caused environmental changes. At hydrothermal vents in some deep oceans, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria fuel an entire ecosystem and endosymbiotic bacteria support the growth of giant tube worms. Higher plants also have many symbiotic relationships with bacteria and fungi. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes and other plants fix more nitrogen than free-living bacteria. Fungi associated with plant roots (“mycorrhizal”) are even more common and potentially provide plants with phosphorus as well as nitrogen. Symbiotic microbes can provide other services to their hosts, such as producing bioluminescence, needed for camouflage against predators. In the case of the bobtail squid, bioluminescence is only turned on when populations of the symbiotic bacteria reach critical levels, determined by a quorum sensing mechanism.
Book chapters on the topic "Microbial consortium"
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Sharma, Swati, Pankaj Tiwari, and Lalit Pandey. "Design of Consortium for the Production of Desired Metabolites." In Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, 179–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5465-7_8.
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Wall, Luis Gabriel. "The BIOSPAS Consortium: Soil Biology and Agricultural Production." In Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology I, 299–306. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118010518.ch34.
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Yadav, Sudheer Kumar, Jai Singh Patel, Bansh Narayan Singh, Raina Bajpai, Basavaraj Teli, Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat, and Birinchi Kumar Sarma. "Biofertilizers as Microbial Consortium for Sustainability in Agriculture." In Plant, Soil and Microbes in Tropical Ecosystems, 349–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3364-5_16.
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Mekonnen, Habtamu, Lamenew Fenta, Mulugeta Kibret, and Kindu Geta. "Management of Sustainable Vegetable Production Using Microbial Consortium." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 225–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9570-5_11.
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Kaushal, Manoj, Sunita Devi, Kailash Chand Kumawat, and Ajay Kumar. "Microbial Consortium: A Boon for a Sustainable Agriculture." In Climate Change Management, 15–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21079-2_2.
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Jain, Akansha, Akanksha Singh, Brahma N. Singh, Surendra Singh, R. S. Upadhyay, B. K. Sarma, and H. B. Singh. "Biotic Stress Management in Agricultural Crops Using Microbial Consortium." In Bacteria in Agrobiology: Disease Management, 427–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33639-3_16.
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Naghavi, Nafiseh Sadat, and Faezeh Sameipour. "Phototrophic Microbial Consortium: A Technology for Enhanced Biofuel Production." In Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies, 185–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14463-0_6.
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Aziz, Faissal, Laila Midhat, Mounir EL Achaby, Khalid Aziz, Majida Lahrouni, and Brahim Oudra. "Plant-Microbe Consortium for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Soil." In Microbial Based Land Restoration Handbook, Volume 1, 1–22. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003147091-1.
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Hoehler, T. M., and M. J. Alperin. "Anaerobic methane oxidation by a methanogen-sulfate reducer consortium: geochemical evidence and biochemical considerations." In Microbial Growth on C1 Compounds, 326–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0213-8_43.
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Koh, Lai Mun, and Sook Mei Khor. "Concept and Significance of Microbial Consortium in the Biodegradation Process." In Handbook of Biodegradable Materials, 1–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83783-9_67-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Microbial consortium"
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Galieva, Gulnaz, Natalia Danilova, Svetlana Selivanovskaya, and Polina Galitskaya. "NEW MICROBIAL BIOPREPARATION FOR AGRICULTURE CONSISTING OF CONSORTIUM OF BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCERS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.041.
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The present work is an attempt to create a biosurfactant producing consortia on the bases of initial rhizospheric community of lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa). To obtain consortia, 47 strains from the rhizosphere were isolated and checked upon their ability to produce biosurfactants. The ability of the isolates to produce biosurfactants was analyzed on the basis of their ability to emulsify crude oil (E24 index). The isolates with the highest E24 were Bacillus. oryzaecorticis (80%), B. simplex (65%), Paenibacillus xylanilyticus (60%), and P. illinoisensis (73%). These isolates (numbered further as 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively) were further cultivated together in consortia of two, three or four members. The cultivation was conducted of LB and BH medium during 72 h, after that the abundance of the consortium members as well as the ability of the consortium to utilize different carbon substrates (Biolog EcoPlate� system) were assessed. It was found out, that isolate 1 was not able to grow in consortia. Other isolates were able to grow in combinations with each other, at least in one of the media. Isolate 4 survived in all the combinations investigated. Among consortia investigated, the two-members consortium 3-4 was able to survive in both media. The AWCD index reflects the average ability of the microbes to utilize 31 different carbon substrates. For individual isolates 1, 2, 3 and 4, AWCD was estimated to be 0.07, 0.04, 0.19 and 0.25, respectively. It exceeded the initial levels of AWCD demonstrated by the individual isolates only in 3 cases: 1-3-4 (0.26), 1-2-3-4 (0.32), 2-4 (0.59). It can be concluded that consortia are able to survive in larger spectrum of environmental niches as compared with individual isolates, however, competition between the consortium members limits their active growth.
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Zandanova, T. N., Ch Narangerel, and P. A. Gogoleva. "Qualitative Characteristics of Bacterial Concentrate of Microbial Consortium." In The International Conference “Health and wellbeing in modern society” (ICHW 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.201001.011.
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Pavlikova, Marie. "BIODEGRADATION OF INDUSTRIAL DYES USING SELECTED MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/6.1/s25.076.
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Ningtyas, Mifta Dinar, Isdiantoni, Ida Ekawati, Maharani Pertiwi Koentjoro, and Endry Nugroho Prasetyo. "Microbial consortium synergism for promising freshwater culture probiotic." In 28TH RUSSIAN CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN NATURAL SCIENCES. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000813.
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Li, Yu-Ying. "Population Dynamics within a Microbial Consortium during Diesel Wastewater Treatment." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517646.
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Chen, Yun, Jing Wang, Guang Ji, Jing Tian, Hanping Dong, and Li Yu. "Synergistic Effect of the Microbial Consortium Degrading Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." In 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2010.5448560.
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Zheng, Guoxiang, Chenyang Zhou, and Jian Li. "Characteristics of a microbial consortium with high lignocelluloses-decomposing capacity." In 2018 7th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceesd-18.2018.82.
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Chesnokova, M. G., and V. M. Chugunov. "Motor oil mycobiodestructors in forming microbial consortium for soil bioremediation." In OIL AND GAS ENGINEERING (OGE-2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0075130.
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Yakubovskaya, A. I., I. A. Kameneva, S. V. Didovich, I. I. Smirnova, N. A. Kashirina, and M. V. Ermolaeva. "Influence of microbial preparations on the enzymatic activity of Thymus vulgaris L." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-119.
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Recently, special concern has been shown to common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), essential oil of which has a valuable ingredients and is of interest for different uses. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of polyfunctional microbial preparations on the enzymatic activity of T. vulgaris, which is grown under conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea. In field experiments on southern Chernozem, we studied the influence of “Biopolycid” and “Cyanobacterium consortium” preparations on the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes in leaves of T. vulgaris. The microbial preparations were spread onto the top layer of the soil once at the stem-extension stage. In this case, their use promoted efficient plant-microbial interaction, i.e. induction of antioxidant enzyme activity, increasing stress resistance of plants. Thus, in the foothills of the Crimea, according to the results of the first year of research, it was proved that top-soil dressing with polyfunctional microbial preparations “Biopolycid” and “Cyanobacterium consortium” increased the enzymatic activity of T. vulgaris plants
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Taura, Usman, Sara Al-Araimi, Saif Al-Bahry, Yahya Al-Wahaibi, and Lujain Al-Rashdi. "Isolation of Autochthonous Consortium for the Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Produced Water." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212024-ms.
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Abstract In this research, we isolated indigenous bacteria capable of remediating oil-contaminated produced water in an efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner. Nine different produced water samples were collected from Omani oil fields and analysed for their physicochemical properties and microbial communities present. Different technologies were performed to extract the DNA of the microbial community cultured in different media. Metagenomic classification of the microbial community showed that the abundant genera are the Acidithiobacillus, Proteinphilum and Marinobacter. The isolated microbes that showed the highest efficiency in oil degradation were further evaluated for liquid-based biodegradation as well as in naturally occurring and artificially contaminated soil. Fourteen bacteria samples were found to be efficient in bioremediating the three environments tested. In the liquid-based media, the isolates were able to degrade the heavy oil carbon chains (C14-C20) by at least 50% after 1 week period, while some of the most potent isolates have achieved more than 95% or completely degraded all the hydrocarbon chains. Similarly, in the naturally contaminated soil, the isolates demonstrated a complete degradation of the lighter carbon molecules from C10-C16 and also achieved a higher than 90% degradation for the heavier components. Likewise, the isolates have exhibited similar biodegradation ability when exposed to an induced contaminated soil where all the lower carbon chains (C12-C17) were mostly degraded by the microbes in the samples.
Reports on the topic "Microbial consortium"
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Sale, Kenneth, Jose Rodriguez Ruiz, Yooli Light, Mary Tran-Gyamfi, Matthew Hirakawa, Anthe George, Gina Geiselman, and Salvador Martinez. Synthetic Microbial Consortium for Biological Breakdown and Conversion of Lignin. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1891189.
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Moghissi. L51914 Interdependent Effects of Bacteria Gas Composition and Water Chemistry on Internal Corrosion. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010433.
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A recent Office of Pipeline Safety survey found that corrosion caused 17 to 20 percent of pipeline failures. Of those corrosion failures, roughly half resulted from internal corrosion. In pipelines, internal corrosion is caused by produced (carry-over) or condensed water that contains dissolved gas and/or bacteria. In many cases, chemicals with inhibiting or biocidal properties are added to mitigate corrosion. The internal corrosion in many systems occurs under slowly flowing conditions at ambient temperatures (e.g., relatively low temperature of about 15.5�C (60�F)). The overall objectives of this project were to determine the influence of microbial consortia typically found in condensed water, produced water, and hydrocarbons on the internal corrosion of steel pipeline exposed to CO2, H2S, and O2. To accomplish these objectives, a multi-year project was planned. For the first year, the specific objectives were to assemble a chemostat system capable of maintaining a mixed biofilm consortium of bacteria implicated in MIC of steels under the pressures encountered in gathering lines, identify the type of microbial populations inside pipelines and conditions under which internal MIC has been observed, and perform a limited number of corrosion tests to evaluate the effects of these bacteria on corrosion.
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Marsh, Terence L. Phylogenetic & Physiological Profiling of Microbial Communities of Contaminated Soils/Sediments: Identifying Microbial consortia... Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824396.
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Michel Jr., Frederick C., Harry A. J. Hoitink, Yitzhak Hadar, and Dror Minz. Microbial Communities Active in Soil-Induced Systemic Plant Disease Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586476.bard.
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Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) is a highly variable property that can be induced by compost amendment of potting media and soils. For example, previous studies showed that only 1 of 79 potting mixes prepared with different batches of mature composts produced from several different types of solid wastes were able to suppress the severity of bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae compared with disease on plants produced in a nonamended sphagnum peat mix. In this project, microbial consortia in the rhizosphere of plants grown in ISR-active compost-amended substrates were characterized. The plants used included primarily cucumber but also tomato and radish. Rhizosphere microbial consortia were characterized using multiple molecular tools including DGGE (Israel) and T -RFLP (Ohio) in both ISR-active field plots and potting media. Universal as well as population-specific bacterial and fungal PCR primers were utilized. T -RFLP analyses using universal bacterial primers showed few significant differences in overall bacterial community composition in ISR-active and inactive substrates (Ohio). In addition, the community members which were significantly different varied when different ISR-activecomposts were used (Ohio). To better characterize the shifts in microbial community structure during the development of ISR, population specific molecular tools were developed (Israel, Ohio).-PCR primers were designed to detect and quantify bacterial groups including Pyrenomycetes, Bacillus, Pan toea, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Streptomyces as well as Trichoderma and Fusarium; two groups of fungi that harbor isolates which are ISR active (Isreal and Ohio). Bacterial consortia associated with cucumber plants grown in compost-amended potting mixtures were shown to be dominated by the phylogenetic taxon Bacteroidetes, including members of the genus Chryseobacterium, which in some cases have been shown to be involved in biocontrol (Israel). Nested-PCR-DGGE analyses coupled with long l6S rDNA sequencing, demonstrated that the Chryseobacteriumspp. detected on seed and the root in compost-amended treatments were derived from the compost itself. The most effective ISR inducing rhizobacterial strains were identified as Bacillus sp. based on partial sequencing of l6S rDNA. However, these strains were significantly less effective in reducing the severity of disease than Trichoderma hamatum382 (T382). A procedure was developed for inoculation of a compost-amended substrate with T -382 which consistently induced ISR in cucumber against Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsiciand in radish against bacterial spot (Ohio). Inoculation of compost-amended potting mixes with biocontrol agents such as T -382 and other microbes that induce systemic resistance in plants significantly increased the frequency of systemic disease control obtained with natural compost amendments.
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Arnett, Clint M., Giselle Rodriguez, and Stephen W. Maloney. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Analysis of Microbial Consortia on Wastewater Treatment Processes for High Explosives. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada544671.
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Minz, Dror, Eric Nelson, and Yitzhak Hadar. Ecology of seed-colonizing microbial communities: influence of soil and plant factors and implications for rhizosphere microbiology. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587728.bard.
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Original objectives: Our initial project objectives were to 1) Determine and compare the composition of seed-colonizing microbial communities on seeds, 2) Determine the dynamics of development of microbial communities on seeds, and 3) Determine and compare the composition of seed-colonizing microbial communities with the composition of those in the soil and rhizosphere of the plants. Revisions to objectives: Our initial work on this project was hampered by the presence of native Pythium species in the soils we were using (in the US), preventing us from getting accurate assessments of spermosphere microbial communities. In our initial work, we tried to get around this problem by focusing on water potentials that might reduce damage from native Pythium species. This also prompted some initial investigation of the oomycete communities associated seedlings in this soil. However, for this work to proceed in a way that would allow us to examine seed-colonizing communities on healthy plants, we needed to either physically treat soils or amend soils with composts to suppress damage from Pythium. In the end, we followed the compost amendment line of investigation, which took us away from our initial objectives, but led to interesting work focusing on seed-associated microbial communities and their functional significance to seed-infecting pathogens. Work done in Israel was using suppressive compost amended potting mix throughout the study and did not have such problems. Our work focused on the following objectives: 1) to determine whether different plant species support a microbial induced suppression of Pythium damping-off, 2) to determine whether compost microbes that colonize seeds during early stages of seed germination can adequately explain levels of damping-off suppression observed, 3) to characterize cucumber seed-colonizing microbial communities that give rise to the disease suppressive properties, 4) assess carbon competition between seed-colonizing microbes and Pythium sporangia as a means of explaining Pythium damping-off suppression. Background: Earlier work demonstrated that seed-colonizing microbes might explain Pythium suppression. Yet these seed-colonizing microbial communities have never been characterized and their functional significance to Pythium damping-off suppression is not known. Our work set out to confirm the disease suppressive properties of seed-colonizing microbes, to characterize communities, and begin to determine the mechanisms by which Pythium suppression occurs. Major Conclusions: Compost-induced suppression of Pythium damping-off of cucumber and wheat can be explained by the bacterial consortia colonizing seeds within 8 h of sowing. Suppression on pea was highly variable. Fungi and archaea play no role in disease suppression. Potentially significant bacterial taxa are those with affinities to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Current sequencing efforts are trying to resolve these taxa. Seed colonizing bacteria suppress Pythium by carbon competition, allowing sporangium germination by preventing the development of germ tubes. Presence of Pythium had a strong effect on microbial community on the seed.
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Orphan, Victoria Jeanne. Syntrophic interactions and mechanisms underpinning anaerobic methane oxidation: targeted metaproteogenomics, single-cell protein detection and quantitative isotope imaging of microbial consortia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164471.
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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.