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Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial contamination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Askew, E. Wayne. "Microbial Food Contamination." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 13, no. 3 (September 2002): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2002)013[0233:]2.0.co;2.

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2

Shaltout, Fahim. "Microbial Contamination of Beef and Beef Products." Nutrition and Food Processing 2, no. 2 (November 18, 2019): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/014.

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Beef provide an animal protein of high biological value for consumers at all ages, where they contain all the essential amino acids required for growth. Moreover, beef is good source of different types of vitamins as niacin, riboflavin, thiamine and ascorbic acid as well as sodium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, sulpher and iodine.
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3

Gupta Himanshu Upadhyay, Aparajita. "Evaluation of Microbial Contamination in Herbal Drugs." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 8 (August 5, 2023): 2333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23824012152.

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4

Lee, Jee-Hye, Min-Ji Kang, Ha-Eun Sim, and Je-Hyung Hwang. "Microbial Contamination of Preservative-Free Artificial Tears Based on Instillation Techniques." Pathogens 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050592.

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Preservative-free artificial tears eliminate the side effects of preservatives but are prone to microbial contamination. This study evaluates the incidence of microbial contaminations in single-use vials of preservative-free 0.1% hyaluronate artificial tears. Based on what touched the vial tip during its first use, 60 unit-dose vials (0.5 mL) were divided into groups A (no touch, n = 20), B (fingertip, n = 20), and C (lid margin, n = 20). The vials were recapped after the first use, and the residual solution was cultured 24 h later. The solution from 20 aseptically opened and unused vials was also cultured (group D). Microbial contamination rates were compared between the groups using the Fisher’s exact test. Groups B and C contained 45% (9/20) and 10% (2/20) contaminations while groups A and D contained undetected microbial growth. The culture positivity rates were significantly different between groups A and B (p = 0.001) and groups B and C (p = 0.013) but not between groups A and C (p = 0.487). We demonstrate a significantly higher risk of contamination when fingertips touch the vial mouth. Therefore, users should avoid the vial tip touching the fingers or eyelid during instillation to prevent contamination of the eye drops.
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5

Prüβ, Birgit M. "Microbes in Our Food, an Ongoing Problem with New Solutions." Antibiotics 9, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090584.

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Despite an increasing number of techniques that are designed to mitigate microbial contamination of food and the resulting food borne disease outbreaks, the United States and many other countries across the world continue to experience impressive numbers of such outbreaks. Microbial contamination can occur during activities that take place in the pre-harvest environment or in the processing facility post-harvest. Current treatments of food that are aimed at reducing bacterial numbers may be only partially effective because of the development of bacterial resistance, the formation of bacterial biofilms, and inactivation of the treatment compound by the food products themselves. This Special Issue will include basic research approaches that are aimed at enhancing our understanding of how contamination occurs throughout the food processing chain, as well as more immediate and applied approaches to the development and use of novel anti-microbials to combat microbes in food. Novel techniques that aim to evaluate the efficacy of novel anti-microbials are included. Overall, we present a broad spectrum of novel approaches to reduce microbial contamination on food at all stages of production.
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6

S.N, Anuradha, Arunkumar S, Mekhanayakee Mekhanayakee, Wai Yoke Shyen, and Arwintharao Arwintharao. "Study on awareness of microbial contamination through mobile phones." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.4.50.

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7

Ameri, Abdolghani, Maryam Ekhtelat, and Sara Shamsaei. "Microbial indices of industrial and traditional medicinal herbs in Ahvaz, Iran." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-134-139.

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Introduction. Medicinal herbs are susceptible to microbial contamination which can have profound effects on the consumer’s health. Our study aimed to evaluate microbial contamination of common medicinal herbs in Ahvaz. Study objects and methods. We collected 80 samples of traditional and industrial medicinal plants from the supply market, namely valeriana, fennel, licorice, and shirazi thyme. The reference method was used to determine microbial indices such as the total count of microorganisms, yeast and mold, Bacillus cereus, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Results and discussion. We found that the total microbial count, yeast and mold, B. cereus, and coliform contamination accounted for 45, 77, 55, and 55% of the total samples, respectively, exceeding the allowed limits. There was a significant difference between the industrial and traditional samples in fungal and coliform contamination, with the traditional samples being more highly contaminated. However, no significant difference was observed between them in total count and B. cereus contamination. E. coli contamination was detected in 31.2% of the samples, mostly in traditional. Total microbial count and yeast and mold contamination were highest among valeriana plants. Fennel showed the highest B. cereus and coliform contamination. The lowest contamination was observed in licorice. Conclusion. The results showed that a considerable percentage of the medicinal herbs under study were contaminated at levels exceeding the standard limits. Plants could be contaminated during harvesting, processing or storage. Finally, different species of plants have different antimicrobial activities that affect their microbial contamination.
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8

Dadashpour Davachi, Navid, and Seyed Mohammad Miri. "Embryo Culture Challenge: Microbial Contamination." Iranian Journal of Biotechnology 11, no. 4 (November 20, 2013): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijb.14733.

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9

Guo, Yufang. "Microbial contamination of edible flowers." Nature Food 2, no. 7 (July 2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00328-3.

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10

Clément, F., M. Vidament, and B. Guérin. "Microbial Contamination of Stallion Semen." Biology of Reproduction 52, monograph_series1 (January 1, 1995): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/52.monograph_series1.779.

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11

Buick, J. B., and T. R. A. Magee. "Microbial contamination of flax dust." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 27, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(98)00089-5.

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12

Kaul, Madhu, Sukhbir Kaur, Sunita Wadhwa, and S. Chhibber. "Microbial contamination of weaning foods." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 63, no. 1 (January 1996): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02823872.

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13

Pugliese, Gina, and Martin S. Favero. "Microbial Contamination and Connector Type." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 21, no. 8 (August 2000): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700043277.

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14

Sikorowski, P. P., and A. M. Lawrence. "Microbial Contamination and Insect Rearing." American Entomologist 40, no. 4 (1994): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/40.4.240.

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15

Englande, Andrew J., Guang Jin, and Carlton Dufrechou. "MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN BASIN AND BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION REDUCTION." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 37, no. 9 (September 19, 2002): 1765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ese-120015435.

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16

Szostková, M., and T. Vítěz. "Microbial contamination of the sand from the wastewater treatment plants." Research in Agricultural Engineering 56, No. 4 (December 1, 2010): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/21/2009-rae.

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Primary treatment of domestic wastewater represents an extensive range of physical and chemical activities which directly or indirectly affect functionality of the treatment plant as a whole. The aforementioned effect might be rather significant in many respects. However, an incorrectly designed or operated primary treatment might result in an unnecessary increase of operating costs and, principally, a negative impact on the biological level or sludge treatment and disposal. The subject matter of this contribution comprises contemplations related to functionality of this level, both with respect to its relation to functionality of wastewater treatment plant and the matter of created waste in case of which disposal has become more and more expensive and complicated. The measurement results show that sewage sand from different wastewater treatment plants contains different amount of organic material 1.19&ndash;82%. The content of the organic material relates to the content of microorganisms which oscillated in a range of 1.53&times;10<sup>4</sup>&ndash;7.34&times;10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g for coliform bacteria including Escherichia coli, 5.57&times;10<sup>1</sup>&ndash;4.36&times;10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g for enterococci, and 3.13&times;10<sup>2</sup>&ndash;2.19&times;10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g for faecal coliform bacteria.
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17

Mohapatra, Ashok, Jitender Solanki, and Nagarajappa Sandesh. "Microbial contamination of daily used tooth brushes and affordable methods to diminish the microbial contamination." Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry 8, no. 15 (2010): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2319-5932.197488.

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18

Madilo, Felix Kwashie, Richard L. K. Glover, Md Nazrul Islam, Nitai Roy, and Emmanuel Letsyo. "Microbiological Assessment of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Sold for Consumption in Ghana." Journal of Food Quality 2023 (July 12, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7836774.

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The postharvest processes of groundnuts often become sources of microbial contamination leading to infections and intoxication. Hence, this study examined the microbial pathogens contaminating groundnuts after harvesting. About 50 samples were randomly collected from four major groundnut-producing towns: Bolgatanga, Chiana, Navrongo, and Bongo, all in the Upper East Region of Northern Ghana, and microbiologically examined using Analytical Profile Index (API® 20E). The results revealed that samples from Bolgatanga were the most contaminated, while Chiana has the least contaminated samples. Several species of bacterial genera such as Staphylococcus, Proteus, Escherichia, Bacillus, and Micrococcus, and fungal genera including Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Saccharomyces, and Eurotium were isolated as the main microbial pathogens contaminating the produce. Navrongo and Bolgatanga recorded the highest rate of bacterial species for unshelled (29.5%) and shelled (30.4%) groundnuts, respectively, while Bongo and Bolgatanga registered the highest rate of fungal species under unshelled (32.8%) and shelled (32.6%) groundnuts, respectively. Due to the high levels of microbial contamination of most of the samples and the kind of microbial species involved, proper hygiene standards must be adopted during the postharvest handling of the shelled and unshelled groundnuts.
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19

HEROD, ADRIAN, LAWRENCE GOODRIDGE, and JOHN ROHDE. "Recalls of Foods due to Microbial Contamination Classified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2000 to 2017." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 11 (October 21, 2019): 1901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-235.

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ABSTRACT Recall of microbial-contaminated food products is an important intervention in preventing the transmission of foodborne illness. Here, we summarize the number and nature of foods recalled as a result of microbial contamination, classified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, for the period 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2017. A total of 10,432 food products were recalled from 2,094 recall events in Canada because of microbial contamination during this period. The meat, meat products and poultry category, followed by fishery and seafood products and nuts and edible seeds, contained the food products most commonly associated with microbial contamination. Most microbial-contaminated food products reported were recalled because of the presence bacterial pathogens. Salmonella contamination was responsible for the largest number of recall events, whereas Listeria monocytogenes contamination accounted for the greatest number of food products recalled because of microbial contamination. L. monocytogenes contamination was also most commonly associated with major food recall events, although records may be inflated because of an invested effort to prevent future L. monocytogenes outbreaks following a 2008 deli meat recall. The findings and data we present in this study will support future surveillance and analysis of microbial-contaminated food recalls in Canada.
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20

Baudišová, D. "Microbial pollution of water from agriculture." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 10 (October 21, 2009): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/131/2009-pse.

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Microbial contamination of small streams in agricultural areas was monitored for two years. Microbiological indicators of faecal pollution (faecal coliforms, <I>Escherichia coli</I> and intestinal enterococci were detected by standard methods based on the cultivation of bacteria on selective media). The obtained results showed that running contamination of streams from agricultural areas was not extremely high, but it showed marked seasonal fluctuations (the average values and maximal values revealed great differences). Microbial contamination also increased several times in relation to high precipitation. The water quality in three (and/or four) localities exceeded the acceptable counts of faecal coliforms and enterococci given by the Czech legislation (40 CFU/ml for faecal coliforms and 20 CFU/ ml for enterococci). In agriculturally polluted streams, there were detected more enterococci than faecal coliforms, and also some less frequent species related to farm animals (<I>Streptococcus equines</I> and <I>S. bovis</I>) or plant rests (<I>E. mundtii, E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus</I>) were present. <I>E. faecalis</I> and <I>E. faecium</I> strains (these are the most common species related to human faecal pollution) were less frequent there.
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21

Cahyani, Erlien Dwi, and Agus Purwanto. "Edukasi Cemaran Mikroba Kosmetik Kelompok PKK RW 09 Kelurahan Klegen Kecamatan Kartoharjo Perumahan Bumi Antariksa Madiun." JURNAL DAYA-MAS 5, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/dymas.v5i1.33.

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The wider community, especially mothers and adolescents, have not been aware of the importance of using hygienic cosmetic products. Microbial contamination in cosmetics can occur due to the use of unhygienic applicators and the exchange of cosmetics between users. In addition, improper cosmetics storage in warm and humid places triggers microbial growth. Based on this, it is necessary to educate cosmetic microbial contamination of PKK RW 09 Bumi Antariksa Residence Madiun. The activities carried out through lectures, interactive discussions, consultations and assistance related to the use of cosmetics material and storage are good to minimize microbial contamination. Educational activities have succeeded in increasing partner knowledge about the correct handling of cosmetics including the use, the expiration of cosmetics and its storage and increasing knowledge concerning the prevention of microbial contamination in cosmetics including the correct handling of applicators and the use of cosmetics together. Keywords—: education; microbial contamination; cosmetics; bumi antariksa.
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22

Job, O.S., Bala, J.D., Abdulraham, A.A., Friday, N.N., Ibekie, S.A., Tsebam, C.J, and Abudullahi, D. "Microbial Source Tracking: An Emerging Technology for Microbial Water Quality Assessment: A Review." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.014.

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Microbial Source Tracking is a scientific approach that primarily aims to identify the sources of faecal contamination in water bodies. Microbial Source Tracking (MST) is a set of techniques employed to identify the origins of faecal contamination in water. The capacity to track faecal bacteria to their source is a crucial aspect of both public health and water quality management. The utilisation of information obtained from the method of MST would provide water quality managers with an enhanced comprehension of the origins of contamination, thus facilitating the implementation of remedial measures to impede transmission. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the gut-associated bacteria of the order Bacteroidales, specifically the Bacteroides genus, has a tendency to undergo co-evolution with the host, making it a highly viable option for MST applications. However, it is noteworthy that MST is also facilitating the scientific community with effective techniques for tracing faecal bacteria and pathogens in water sources. The methodologies utilised in MST are frequently categorised as either Library-Dependent Methods (LDMs) or Library-Independent Methods (LIMs). Microbial source tracking has been employed for diverse objectives, such as ensuring adherence to regulations, remediating pollution, and evaluating risk. The implementation of MST is expected to mitigate the prevalence of waterborne illnesses resulting from contamination. The implementation of MST has facilitated the ability to anticipate the probable origins of faecal contamination and the associated health hazards linked to compromised water systems. In addition to conventional faecal indicators, these methodologies are suggested as means to furnish supplementary insights into the origins of pollution, as well as the ecological and public health ramifications of animal-derived water contamination.
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23

Pommepuy, M., F. Dumas, M. P. Caprais, P. Camus, C. Le Mennec, S. Parnaudeau, L. Haugarreau, et al. "Sewage impact on shellfish microbial contamination." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0035.

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Coastal areas are frequently contaminated by microorganisms of human origin, due to high population density and low seawater renewal. To evaluate the impact of wastewater input on shellfish quality, a study was conducted in Brittany (France) over a period of 20 months. A hydrodynamic model was used to simulate wastewater impact on microbial water quality. To validate the model, wastewater from the three main sewage treatment plants and shellfish from three sites were sampled monthly. Bacterial indicators (E. coli), F-RNA phages were searched for by culture and noroviruses by RT-PCR and hybridisation. These microorganisms were detected in the three effluents and clams, with no marked seasonal variation. The microbial concentrations in the two oyster beds, distant from the effluent outfall, were low, and only three of the samples were positive for norovirus. For simulation, the winter wastewater inputs of E. coli and phages were calculated and an estimation for norovirus flux was made from the epidemic situation in the population. The microbial behaviour was included in the model by a decay-rate factor. Results from the model calculations were found to be very similar to E. coli and phage concentrations observed in shellfish. For noroviruses, the model indicated that shellfish distant from the wastewater input were under the detection limit of the RT-PCR method. This study demonstrated the use of modelisation to interpret norovirus contamination in various areas.
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24

Yakubik, O. L., and Z. A. Litvinova. "Microbial contamination of industrial poultry objects." "Veterinary Medicine" Journal 25, no. 02 (February 2022): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2022.25.2.44-47.

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25

Dąbrowiecki, Zbigniew, Małgorzata Dąbrowiecka, Romuald Olszański, and Piotr Siermontowski. "Microbial Contamination of a Diving Suit." Polish Hyperbaric Research 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phr-2018-0005.

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Abstract Pathogenic micro-organisms can easily transfer from the surface of a diver’s skin onto the surfaces of a protective suit. A long-term stay in a hyperbaric chamber during a saturation dive increases the risk of infection if in the chamber there is even a single carrier of disease-causing pathogens. The conducted research has confirmed that the diving equipment located in Diving Centres is a place of many different bacteria and fungi, including pathogenic ones. The vast majority of microbes found on the surfaces of wetsuits, etc. are commensals (with some being opportunistic organisms). This fact allows us to realise that the surfaces of diving equipment are an excellent “transmission route” for various dermatoses and other diseases. In order to reduce the risk of infection the diving equipment used by various people should be subject to the process of decontamination. The authors recommend decontamination with the use of gaseous hydrogen peroxide which does not cause damage to equipment.
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26

Souza-Gugelmin, Maria Cristina Monteiro de, Carolina Della Torre Lima, Sergio Narciso Marques de Lima, Henis Mian, and Izabel Yoko Ito. "Microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines." Brazilian Dental Journal 14, no. 1 (June 2003): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402003000100010.

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The quality of water in a dental unit is of considerable importance because patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water and aerosol generated from the dental unit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines. Water samples were collected aseptically from the waterlines (reservoir, triple-syringe, high-speed) of 15 dental units. After serial dilution to 1:10(6) in APHA, the samples were seeded by the pour-plate technique and cultured in plate count agar (Difco) for 48 h at 32ºC. Analysis was based on the number of colony forming units (CFU). The Wilcoxon non-parametric test indicated that the levels of water contamination were highest in the triple-syringe (13 of 15) and in the high-speed (11 of 15); both levels were higher than those of the water reservoir. There was no significant statistical difference between the level of contamination in the triple-syringe and the high-speed as determined by the Mann-Whitney test [p(H0) = 40.98%; Z = - 0.2281]. Because biofilm forms on solid surfaces constantly bathed by liquid where microorganisms are present, these results indicate that the water in the dental unit may be contaminated by biofilm that forms in these tubules.
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Rutala, William A., Maria F. Gergen, and David J. Weber. "Microbial Contamination on Used Surgical Instruments." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 35, no. 8 (August 2014): 1068–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677153.

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28

Gopinathan, U., F. Stapleton, S. Sharma, M. D. P. Willcox, D. F. Sweeney, G. N. Rao, and B. A. Holden. "Microbial contamination of hydrogel contact lenses." Journal of Applied Microbiology 82, no. 5 (May 1997): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03598.x.

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29

Gorke, A. "MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF HAEMODIALYSIS CATHETER CONNECTIONS." EDTNA-ERCA Journal 31, no. 2 (April 6, 2005): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6686.2005.tb00399.x.

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Marshall, Bonnie, and Stuart Levy. "Microbial contamination of musical wind instruments." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 21, no. 4 (August 2011): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2010.550033.

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Freedland, Curtis P., Robert D. Roller, Bruce M. Wolfe, and Neil M. Flynn. "Microbial Contamination of Continuous Drip Feedings." Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 13, no. 1 (January 1989): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014860718901300118.

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Wiggins, M. N., and S. H. Uwaydat. "Microbial contamination of ophthalmic operating microscopes." Eye 21, no. 7 (May 4, 2007): 1012–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702822.

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33

Cupitt, J. M. "Microbial contamination of gum elastic bougies." Anaesthesia 55, no. 5 (May 29, 2000): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01329.x.

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Shah, N., J. R. Greig, J. R. Stephenson, and S. Jankowski. "Microbial contamination of gum-elastic bougies." Anaesthesia 55, no. 12 (December 2000): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01798-17.x.

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35

Beckner, M., M. L. Ivey, and T. G. Phister. "Microbial contamination of fuel ethanol fermentations." Letters in Applied Microbiology 53, no. 4 (August 2, 2011): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03124.x.

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Hea-Young Kim, C. R. Estes, A. G. Duncan, B. D. Wade, F. C. Cleary, C. R. Lloyd, W. R. Ellis, and L. S. Powers. "Real-time detection of microbial contamination." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 23, no. 1 (January 2004): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.2004.1297183.

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37

Evans, Judith A., Steven L. Russell, Christian James, and Janet E. L. Corry. "Microbial contamination of food refrigeration equipment." Journal of Food Engineering 62, no. 3 (May 2004): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(03)00235-8.

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38

Oie, Shigeharu, and Akira Kamiya. "Microbial contamination of antiseptics and disinfectants." American Journal of Infection Control 24, no. 5 (October 1996): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-6553(96)90027-9.

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39

Possas, Arícia, Elena Carrasco, R. M. García-Gimeno, and Antonio Valero. "Models of microbial cross-contamination dynamics." Current Opinion in Food Science 14 (April 2017): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2017.01.006.

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Smith, Gordon, and Andrew Smith. "Microbial contamination of used dental handpieces." American Journal of Infection Control 42, no. 9 (September 2014): 1019–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2014.06.008.

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YOUNG, J., M. NAQVI, and L. RICHARDS. "Microbial contamination of hospital bed handsets." American Journal of Infection Control 33, no. 3 (April 2005): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2004.11.005.

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42

Ndhlala, A. R., A. Okem, and J. Van Staden. "Microbial contamination of commercial herbal products." South African Journal of Botany 86 (May 2013): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.02.038.

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43

Pack, Latricia D., M. Gary Wickham, Rebecca A. Enloe, and Denise N. Hill. "Microbial contamination associated with mascara use." Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association 79, no. 10 (October 2008): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2008.02.011.

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TOURNAS, VALERIE H. "MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF SELECT DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS." Journal of Food Safety 29, no. 3 (August 2009): 430–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2009.00167.x.

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Oie, Shigeharu, and Akira Kamiya. "Microbial contamination of benzalkonium chloride products." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 55, no. 23 (December 1, 1998): 2534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/55.23.2534.

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Kosseva, M., and C. Stanchev. "Microbial Contamination of Bulgarian Aviation Fuel." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 8, no. 4 (January 1994): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.1994.10818805.

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Pasquarella, C., O. Pitzurra, and A. Savino. "The index of microbial air contamination." Journal of Hospital Infection 46, no. 4 (December 2000): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhin.2000.0820.

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Michel, Olivier, and Roberta Ginanni. "Microbial contamination and sick building syndrome." Aerobiologia 6, no. 1 (June 1990): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02539044.

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Inman, F. N. "Microbial contamination control in antibiotic manufacture." Filtration & Separation 30, no. 6 (September 1993): 543–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0015-1882(93)80411-o.

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Freedland, C. P., R. D. Roller, B. M. Wolfe, and N. M. Flynn. "Microbial contamination of continuous drip feedings." American Journal of Infection Control 15, no. 2 (April 1987): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(87)90023-x.

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