Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microbial enzymes Biotechnology

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Academic literature on the topic 'Microbial enzymes Biotechnology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Microbial enzymes Biotechnology"

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Lynd, Lee R., Paul J. Weimer, Willem H. van Zyl, and Isak S. Pretorius. "Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 66, no. 3 (September 2002): 506–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.66.3.506-577.2002.

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SUMMARY Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic biomass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecological aspects of cellulase-degrading communities, and rate-limiting factors in nature. The methodological basis for studying microbial cellulose utilization is considered relative to quantification of cells and enzymes in the presence of solid substrates as well as apparatus and analysis for cellulose-grown continuous cultures. Quantitative description of cellulose hydrolysis is addressed with respect to adsorption of cellulase enzymes, rates of enzymatic hydrolysis, bioenergetics of microbial cellulose utilization, kinetics of microbial cellulose utilization, and contrasting features compared to soluble substrate kinetics. A biological perspective on processing cellulosic biomass is presented, including features of pretreated substrates and alternative process configurations. Organism development is considered for “consolidated bioprocessing” (CBP), in which the production of cellulolytic enzymes, hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation of resulting sugars to desired products occur in one step. Two organism development strategies for CBP are examined: (i) improve product yield and tolerance in microorganisms able to utilize cellulose, or (ii) express a heterologous system for cellulose hydrolysis and utilization in microorganisms that exhibit high product yield and tolerance. A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts.
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Urlacher, V. B., S. Lutz-Wahl, and R. D. Schmid. "Microbial P450 enzymes in biotechnology." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 64, no. 3 (April 1, 2004): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1514-1.

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Mullen, W. H., and P. M. Vadgama. "Microbial enzymes in biosensors." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 61, no. 3 (September 1986): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb04275.x.

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Zbar, Nedhaal Suhail. "Microbial enzymes: the role of enzyme in cancer therapy." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation 06, no. 02 (2022): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36037/ijrei.2021.6204.

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One of the most important challenges of the 21st decade is cancer. Adequate therapy advances aren't meeting the growing quantity of sufferers. Therapies that are frequently utilized doesn't always achieve the expected outcomes. As a consequence, it's vital to take action. Identify innovative supplementary appropriate therapies. Immunology involves the utilization of certain kinds of microorganisms. It is perhaps of their most essential potentially fruitful pathway that, in some way, therapy is thought to increase intestinal response, allowing cancerous lymphocytes to be removed preferentially. These study results seem encouraging, proving that microbial activation creates a strong reaction engagement in the innate immunological responses. Also, microbes may be used for various methods depending on their special qualities, such as pathogenicity, anaerobic living, and binding compounds that may be transported to a particular region. This publication gives an analysis of a chosen listing of indigenous microorganisms, including their characterization, genetic encoding, enzymes associated with proteins, mechanisms, or action towards cancer. Things are still in the testing stage. The use of microorganisms for chemotherapy, unlike every medical treatment, has inherent drawbacks. Biotechnology makes use of a large variety of enzymes that are commercially manufactured using specially screening microbes. Several microbes have been studied, developed, or optimized to create large enzymatic preparations for commercial production. Because diverse businesses need enzymes for diverse objectives, microbiological enzymes have been researched for their unique properties that may be used in a variety of bioreactors.
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Pécs, Miklós, Martin Eggert, and Karl Schügerl. "Affinity precipitation of extracellular microbial enzymes." Journal of Biotechnology 21, no. 1-2 (November 1991): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(91)90266-x.

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Kotb, Essam. "Activity assessment of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 97, no. 15 (June 29, 2013): 6647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5052-1.

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Di Gennaro, Patrizia, Anna Bargna, and Guido Sello. "Microbial enzymes for aromatic compound hydroxylation." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 90, no. 6 (April 27, 2011): 1817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3285-4.

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Jayani, Ranveer Singh, Shivalika Saxena, and Reena Gupta. "Microbial pectinolytic enzymes: A review." Process Biochemistry 40, no. 9 (September 2005): 2931–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03.026.

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Xia, Wei, Kang Zhang, Lingqia Su, and Jing Wu. "Microbial starch debranching enzymes: Developments and applications." Biotechnology Advances 50 (September 2021): 107786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107786.

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Atomi, Haruyuki. "Microbial enzymes involved in carbon dioxide fixation." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 94, no. 6 (December 2002): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80186-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microbial enzymes Biotechnology"

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Pengilly, Mia. "Evaluation and optimisation of fungal enzymes for microbial bioprocessing of rooibos tea." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50342.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aspalathus linearis is a leguminous shrub native to the Cedarberg Mountains in the Western Cape, of which the leaves and stems are used for the preparation of rooibos tea. Over the past few decades, rooibos tea and other related products have gained popularity due to their health promoting properties. These beneficial properties can partly be ascribed to the phenolic constituents that are trapped within the cellulolytic plant material of the tea leaves as glycoconjugated aroma and phenolic compounds. Although many fungal species are known for their efficient hydrolysis of plant material, fungal enzymes have not been evaluated for the bioprocessing of rooibos tea to improve its commercial value. It was the objective of this study to identify a specific cocktail of microbial enzymes to enhance the maceration of the rooibos plant material, while retaining the antioxidant content. During this study, 11 fungal species known for the production of hydrolytic enzymes, as well as 12 species isolated from rooibos tea products, were screened for their potential to improve aroma development and/or increased extraction of soluble matter and/or antioxidants from rooibos tea material. After culturing in Potato Dextrose medium, the crude enzyme extracts of the 23 isolates were evaluated on spent rooibos tea for enhanced extraction of soluble solids (SS) and/or total polyphenols (TP). Nine strains increased the yield in SS (improvement varying from 3% to 42%), while 14 strains yielded higher levels of TP (increase varying from 1% to 36%). Little improvement in colour development from green (unfermented) rooibos tea was observed, but the enzyme extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida, Lentinula edodes, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus tubingensis, Paecilomyces variotti and Trichoderma reesei improved the aroma development from green tea to some extent. Ten-fold concentrated enzyme extracts from four of these isolates were able to release at least an additional 10% in SS from the green tea. The crude enzyme extracts prepared from three food-grade strains, i.e. Aspergillus oryzae, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus var.florida, contained relatively high levels of endoglucanase, xylanase and pectinase activities. Eight different culture media were evaluated for optimal hydrolase and laecase production by these food-grade fungi. MYPG proved to be the best growth medium, while 1% spent grain, 1% wheat straw and 1% pineapple peel gave the best induction of xylanase, cellulase, pectinase and laecase activities for L. edodes. When cultured in the Yeast Peptone (YP) medium + 1% wheat straw, the L. edodes enzyme cocktail showed the best improvement in both the aroma and colour development of green tea and may be considered for shortening of the fermentation time required for green tea processing. Traditional open-air fermentation of rooibos tea can take up to -1-6hours, which results in a significant loss in antioxidants and therefore also in its pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value. The Rhizopus oryzae cocktail prepared in YP + 1% wheat straw showed potential for the development of a quick-draw fermented tea made by infusion, where there is improved colour release and more than 20% improved extraction of soluble solids without a loss in the TP content. When cultured in Potato Dextrose medium, the L. edodes cocktail can be used for aroma and colour development from green tea, while the R. oryzae cocktail can be used for increasing the antioxidant content in rooibos extracts from green or fermented tea. This was confirmed with small-scale industrial treatments of fermented tea where the L. edodes YP + wheat straw cocktail improved the release in SS by more than 10% and the R. oryzae yP + wheat straw cocktail increased the yield in SS by more than 30% and the TP by more than 20%.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aspalathus linearis is 'n fynbosplant inheems aan die Sederberge in die Wes-Kaap, waarvan die blare en stingels vir die voorbereiding van rooibostee gebruik word. Die afgelope paar dekades het die gewildheid van rooibostee en verwante produkte aansienlik toegeneem weens die gesondheidsvoordele wat dit inhou. Hierdie voordelige eienskappe kan toegeskryf word aan die fenoliese komponente wat binne die sellulolitiese plantweefsel van die teeblare as gekonjugeerde geur- en fenoliese verbindings vasgevang is. Alhoewel verskeie swamspesies vir hul doeltreffende degradering van plantmateriaal bekend is, is fungale ensieme nog nie geëvalueer vir die prosessering van rooibostee om die kommersiële waarde daarvan te verbeter nie. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om 'n spesifieke kombinasie van mikrobiese hidrolitiese ensieme te identifiseer wat die maserasie van rooibos plantmateriaal sal verhoog met behoud van die anti-oksidant inhoud. Tydens hierdie studie is 11 swamspesies wat bekend is vir die produksie van hidrolitiese ensieme, asook 12 swamspecies wat vanaf rooibostee produkte geïsoleer is, geëvalueer vir hul potensiaalom geurontwikkeling en/of ekstraksie van oplosbare stowwe en/of anti-oksidante vanuit rooibostee materiaal te verbeter. Die kru ensiemekstrakte van die 23 isolate, wat ID Aartappel-Dextrose medium opgegroei is, is op oorskot rooibostee geëvalueer vir verhoogde ekstraksie van oplosbare vastestowwe (SS) en/of totale polifenole (TP). Nege rasse het die opbrengs van oplosbare vastestowwe verhoog (verbetering tussen 3% en 42%), terwyl 14 rasse die totale polifenoliese vlakke laat toeneem het (tot so hoog as 36%). Baie min verbetering in kleurontwikkeling van groen (ongefermenteerde) rooibostee is waargeneem, maar ensiemekstrakte van Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida, Lentinula edodes, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus tubingensis, Paecilomyces variotti en Trichoderma reesei, het wel die aroma ontwikkeling vanaf groen tee tot 'n mate verbeter. Tienvoudig gekonsentereerde ekstrakte van vier van hierdie isolate het 'n verbetering van meer as 10% in die ekstraksie van opgeloste vastestowwe uit groen tee tot gevolg gehad. Die ensiemekstrakte van drie swarnme bekend vir hul gebruik in die voedselindustrie, nl. A. oryzae, L. edodes and P. ostreatus var. florida, het relatief hoë vlakke van endoglukanase, xylanase en pektinase aktiwiteit getoon. Agt verskillende kultuur-media is vir die optimale produksie van hidrolitiese and lakkase ensieme vanaf hierdie voedsel-graad swarnme geëvalueer. MYPG was die beste groeimedium vir L. edodes, -terwyl 1% koringstrooi, 1% oorskot graan en 1% pynappelskil die beste induksie van xylanase, pektinase, endoglukanase en lakkase aktiwiteite vir hierdie organisme getoon het. Lentinula edodes opgegroei in YP medium + 1% koringstrooi, het die beste verbetering in aroma en kleur getoon vanaf groen tee getoon. Hierdie ekstrak kan dus moontlik gebruik word vir die verkorting van die fermentasietyd wat vir groen tee benodig word. Ope-lug fermentasie van groen tee duur gewoonlik tot 16 uur en lei tot 'n aansienlike verlies in antioksidant-inhoud. Die R. oryzae ekstrak het die beste potensiaal vir die vervaardiging van 'n "quick-draw" tee getoon met 'n goeie kleurvrystelling sonder enige verlies in SS en TP opbrengs. Wanneer die swamme in Aartappel-Dextrose medium opggegroei word, kan die L. edodes ensiemekstrak vir aroma en kleurontwikkeling van groen tee aangewend word, terwyl die R. oryzae ensiemekstrak vir die verhoging van die antioksidant-inhoud in rooibos ekstrakte van groen tee of gefermenteerde tee gebruik kan word. Dit is bevestig met die kleinskaalse behandeling van gefermenteerde tee waar die L. edodes YP + 1% koringstrooi ensiemekstrak die vrystelling van SS met meer as 30% en die TP met meer as 20% verbeter het.
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De, Villiers Tania. "Fungal enzymes and microbial systems for industrial processing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21457.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study strives to improve two current industrial processes by making them more cost effective through the use of hydrolytic enzymes or microbial systems. The first process targeted is the industrial conversion of starch to ethanol. In the second process, hydrolytic enzymes are applied to the manufacturing of instant coffee. The engineering of microbial systems to convert starch to bio-ethanol in a one-step process may result in large cost reductions in current industrial processes. These reductions will be due to decreased heating energy requirements, as well as a decrease in money spent on the purchase of commercial enzymes for liquefaction and saccharification. In this study, a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was engineered to express the wild-type Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase (GA I) and α-amylase (AMYL III) as well as the Aspergillus oryzae glucoamylase (GLAA) as separately secreted polypeptides. The recombinant strain that secreted functional GA I and AMYL III was able to utilise raw corn starch as carbon source, and converted raw corn starch into bio-ethanol at a specific production rate of 0.037 grams per gram dry weight cells per hour. The ethanol yield of 0.40 gram ethanol per gram available sugar from starch translated to 71% of the theoretical maximum from starch as substrate. A promising raw starch converter was therefore generated. In the second part of this study, soluble solid yields were increased by hydrolysing spent coffee ground, which is the waste generated by the existing coffee process, with hydrolytic enzymes. Recombinant enzymes secreted from engineered Aspergillus strains (β-mannanase, β-endoglucanase 1, β-endo-glucanase 2, and β-xylanase 2), enzymes secreted from wild-type organisms (β-mannanases) and commercial enzyme cocktails displaying the necessary activities (β-mannanase, cellulase, and pectinase) were applied to coffee spent ground to hydrolyse the residual 42% mannan and 51% cellulose in the substrate. Hydrolysis experiments indicated that an enzyme cocktail containing mainly β-mannanase increased soluble solids extracted substantially, and a soluble solid yield of 23% was determined using the optimised enzyme extraction process. Soluble solid yield increases during the manufacturing of instant coffee will result in; (i) an increase in overall yield of instant coffee product, (ii) a decrease in amount of coffee beans important for the production of the product, and (iii) a reduction in the amount of waste product generated by the process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om twee huidige industriële prosesse te verbeter deur die prosesse meer kosteeffektief met behulp van hidroltiese ensieme en mikrobiese sisteme te maak. Die eerste industrie wat geteiken word, is die omskakeling van rou stysel na etanol, en die tweede om hidrolities ensieme in die vervaardiging van kitskoffie te gebruik. Die skep van mikrobiese sisteme om rou-stysel in ’n ’een-stap’ proses om te skakel na bio-etanol sal groot koste besparing tot gevolg hê. Hierdie besparings sal te wyte wees aan die afname in verhittingsenergie wat tydens die omskakelingsproses benodig word, asook ’n afname in die koste verbonde aan die aankoop van duur kommersiële ensieme om die stysel na fermenteerbare suikers af te breek. In hierdie studie is ’n rekombinante Saccharomyces cerevisiae-gis gegenereer wat die glukoamilase (GA I) and α-amilase (AMYL III) van Aspergillus awamori, asook die glukoamilase van Aspergillus oryzae (GLAA) as aparte polipeptide uit te druk. Die rekombinante gis wat die funksionele GA I en AMYL III uitgeskei het, was in staat om op die rou-stysel as koolstofbron te groei, en het roustysel na bio-etanol teen ’n spesifieke tempo van 0.037 gram per gram droë gewig biomassa per uur omgeskakel. Die etanolopbrengs van 0.40 gram per gram beskikbare suiker vanaf stysel was gelykstaande aan 71% van die teoretiese maksimum vanaf stysel as substraat. ’n Belowende gis wat roustysel kan omskakel na bio-etnaol was dus geskep. In die tweede deel van hierdie studie is die opbrengs in oplosbare vastestowwe vermeerder deur die koffie-afval wat tydens die huidige industrieële proses genereer word, met hidrolitiese ensieme te behandel. Rekombinante ensieme afkomstig vanaf Aspergillus-rasse (β-mannanase, β-endoglukanase 1, β-endo-glukanase 2 en β-xilanase 2), ensieme deur wilde-tipe organismes uitgeskei (β-mannanase), asook kommersiële ensiempreparate wat die nodige ensiemaktiwiteite getoon het (β-mannanase, sellulase en pektinase) is gebruik om die oorblywende 42% mannaan en 51% sellulose in koffie-afval te hidroliseer. Hidrolise eksperimente het getoon dat ’n ensiempreparaat wat hoofsaaklik mannanase bevat, die oplosbare vastestofopbrengs grootliks kan verbeter, met ’n verhoogde opbrengs van 23% tydens geöptimiseerde ensiembehandelings. ’n Verhoogde opbrengs in oplosbare vastestowwe tydens die vervaardiging van kitskoffie sal die volgende tot gevolg hê: (i) ’n toename in totale opbrengs van kitskoffie produk, (ii) ’n afname in die hoeveelheid koffiebone wat vir die produksie ingevoer moet word, en (iii) ’n afname in die hoeveelheid afval wat tydens die vervaardigingsproses produseer word.
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Kmit, Maria Carolina Pezzo. "Metagenoma do microbioma do rúmen de ovinos e prospecção de genes degradadores de biomassa vegetal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-01082018-110114/.

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O material lignocelulósico, presente na biomassa vegetal, representa uma importante fonte de energia, entretanto necessita da ação das enzimas lignocelulolíticas para sua degradação. A busca por novas enzimas que atuam na quebra da parede celular da planta em comunidades microbianas evoluídas naturalmente em um ambiente de degradação de biomassa como o rúmen oferece uma estratégia promissora para a prospecção de genes. Com isso, o projeto teve como objetivo a identificação de genes degradarores de biomassa vegetal em microrganismos do rúmen de ovinos usando a abordagem metagenômica. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras da fase sólida do rúmen de 6 animais fistulados (Ovis aries) divididos em dois grupos e submetidos a duas dietas por 60 dias: tratamento controle e tratamento com dieta contendo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. O DNA metagenômico total das amostras foi extraído e sequenciado na plataforma MiSeq Personal Sequencer (Illumina®). A análise dos dados para a anotação taxônomica e funcional foi realizada no software MG-RAST. A caracterização dos genes degradadores de biomassa vegetal foi feita na plataforma CLC Genomic Workbench v.5.5.1(CLC Bio, Denmark) e a anotação de 4,68 gigabases de dados foi feita no banco de dados CAZy. A análise taxonômica mostrou uma predominância do domínio Bacteria compondo mais de 96% de todas as amostras, sendo os filos mais abundantes Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, seguido de Proteobacteria. Entre todos os filos anotados, cinco tiveram a abundância aumentada no tratamento com adição de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na dieta, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes e Verrucomicrobia, e dois filos foram mais abundantes no tratamento controle, Bacteroidetes e Synergistetes. De modo geral, a análise de ordenação não mostrou correlação entre a composição do microbioma e o tipo de dieta, porém, na análise funcional, essa correlação foi observada uma vez que houve separação entre os tratamentos. A abundância relativa das famílias de enzimas relacionadas à degradação de carboidratos segue um padrão similar em todas as amostras metagenômicas. O módulo catalítico da família de Glycoside Hydrolases (GH), o qual foi anotado em 129 subfamílias diferentes, foi o mais abundante em todas as amostras (45,5%), seguido da família GT (Glicosyl Tranferase), anotada em 97 subfamílias diferentes e CBM (Carbohydrete-Bining Module), em 78 subfamílias. A montagem do metagenoma resultou em aproximadamente 110.000 contigs e possibilitou a identificação de 15 diferentes genes completos codificados nas subfamílias GH1, GH2, GH3, GH16, GH20, GH25, GH32, GH97 e GH127. A análise comparativa dos diferentes tratamentos mostrou uma maior abundância dessas enzimas no rúmen dos animais alimentados com a dieta enriquecida com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Em conclusão, a manipulação da dieta de ovinos por meio da substituição de parte da fração fibrosa da dieta por bagaço de cana-de-açúcar promove o enriquecimento de enzimas que degradam a biomassa vegetal no rúmem, favorecendo a prospecção e identificação de genes ativos em carboidratos.
The lignocellulose present in the plant biomass is a promising source of energy generation. However, the breakdown of plant biomass into simple sugars for bioethanol production is still inefficient and costly due to the recalcitrant nature of the plant fiber. The sheep rumen microbiome is specialized in degradation of plant material, but most members of this complex community are uncultured in the laboratory. Therefore, the search for new lignocellulolytic enzymes in microbial communities naturally evolved in biomass degradation environments, such as the rumen, using the exploration of the metagenome, is a promising strategy for identifying new genes. In this context, this study aimed to prospect plant biomass-degrading genes, selected from the sheep rumen microorganisms. The rumen samples were collected from 6 fistulated animals (Ovis aries), divided into two groups and subjected to two diets: control treatment and a treatment with a diet amended with sugarcane bagasse. The animals were fed for 60 days before sampling. To characterize the composition and functions of the rumen microbiome followed by the search of biomass-degrading genes, the metagenomic DNA was extracted from the solid contents of rumen and sequenced in MiSeq Personal Sequencer platform (Illumina®). The taxonomic and functional data were performed using MG-RAST software. For the characterization of the plant biomass degrading genes, they were analyzed on the CLC platform Genomic Workbench v.5.5.1 (CLC Bio, Denmark) and 4.68 gigabases of data was annotated against the CAZy database. The taxonomic analysis showed a predominance of the Bacteria domain composing more than 96% of all the samples, being the most abundant phyla Bacterioidetes, Firmiutes, followed by Proteobacteria. Five bacterial phyla were significantly more abundant in the treatment were sugarcane bagasse was added, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia, and two phyla were more abundant in the control treatment, Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes. In general, the ordination analysis did not show correlation between diet type and rumen microbiota, but in the functional analysis, this correlation was observed since there was separation between the treatments. The relative abundance of enzyme families related to carbohydrate degradation follows a similar pattern of abundance across all metagenomic samples. The catalytic module of the GH (Glycoside Hydrolases) family, which was annotated in 129 different subfamilies, was the most abundant in all samples (45.5%), followed by the GT family (Glycosyltransferase), annotated in 97 different subfamilies and CBM (Carbohydre-Bining Module) in 78 sub-families. Metagenome assembly resulted in ~110,000 contigs enabled the retrieval of 15 complete different genes encoded in the subfamilies GH1, GH2, GH3, GH16, GH20, GH25, GH32, GH97 and GH127. A comparative analysis between the groups of animals in the different treatments showed a greater abundance of enzymes, with no metagenome of the fiber proven from the group of animals fed a diet enriched with sugarcane bagasse. These results show the sheep rumen microbiome as an untapped source of potential new fibrolytic enzymes. Using a diet amended with sugarcane bagasse increases the abundance of CAE and provide a substantially expanded catalog of genes participating in the deconstruction of plant biomass.
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Amaral, Felipe André Pereira da Cunha. "Produção de protease por aspergillus niger (sis 18) em fermentação submersa utilizando meios alternativos contendo resíduos agroindustriais." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2017. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1315.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A biotecnologia microbiana tem evoluído muito nas últimas décadas, principalmente pela utilização de diferentes micro-organismos para produção de inúmeros bioprodutos utilizados nos diferentes setores industriais e ambientas. As enzimas desempenham um importante papel catalítico em inúmeras reações metabólicas existentes, e as de origem microbiana apresentam diversas vantagens em relação as de origem animal e vegetal. A reutilização de resíduos agroindustriais oriundos da indústria alimentícia na elaboração de meios de produção de produtos biotecnológicos, tem surgido como uma alternativa econômica viável, pois diversos nutrientes descartados, apresentam um elevado teor nutricional que pode ser reaproveitado pelos micro-organismos nos processos fermentativos. As proteases são enzimas que constituem um grande grupo de enzimas hidrolíticas que catalisam a hidrólise de proteínas e as degradam em pequenos peptídeos e aminoácidos. A relevância deste grupo de enzimas, ricas em diversidade e mecanismos de ação estrutural se reflete na importância de suas aplicações em processos industriais. Foram realizados ensaios de seleção de amostras de Aspergillus niger (SIS 18, SIS 19 e SIS 20) em diferentes temperaturas (28, 30, 40oC) e diferentes pH ( 6, 7, 8) para a obtenção da melhor amostra para a produção de protease. Após a seleção da melhor amostra, foram realizados ensaios de produção da enzima através de fermentação submersa utilizando 4 diferentes meios. Os ensaios ocorreram em câmara incubadora com agitação orbital, 150 rpm, 37oC, 96 horas, onde foram realizados a determinação do pH, da atividade enzimática e curva de crescimento. Em seguida, após a seleção do melhor meio de produção, foram realizados novos ensaios utilizando planejamento fatorial 22 completo com 4 repetições, utilizando os resíduos de soro de leite e de sorvete, nas mesmas condições cinéticas pré-estabelecidas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a amostra de A. niger (SIS 18) apresentou a formação do maior halo característico de 3,0 cm, com 96 h de crescimento. Os ensaios realizados com diferentes meios de produção em fermentação submersa, indicaram que o meio denominado 3, apresentou uma atividade proteolítica de 0,104 U/mL, após 96 horas de fermentação. No planejamento fatorial 22, utilizando meios contendo substratos agroindustriais, o melhor resultado obtido foi no ensaio 2, que apresentou uma atividade proteolítica de 0,118U/mL com o soro de leite e 0,093U/mL para o resíduo de sorvete.Esses resultados validam que a utilização de resíduos agroindustriais tem sido uma alternativa viável para produção de protease em fermentação submersa, e com isso pode reduzir os custos de produção e o descarte desses resíduos no meio ambiente.
Microbial biotechnology has evolved a lot in the last decades, mainly by the use of different microorganisms for the production of numerous bioproducts used in the different industrial and environmental sectors. Enzymes play an important catalytic role in numerous metabolic reactions, and those of microbial origin have several advantages over those of animal and plant origin. The reuse of agroindustrial residues from the food industry in the elaboration of means of production of biotechnological products has emerged as a viable economic alternative because several discarded nutrients present a high nutritional content that can be reused by the microorganisms in the fermentative processes. Proteases are enzymes that constitute a large group of hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins and degrade them in small peptides and amino acids. The relevance of this group of enzymes, rich in diversity and mechanisms of structural action, is reflected in the importance of their applications in industrial processes. Sampling assays of Aspergillus niger (SIS 18, SIS 19 and SIS 20) were carried out at different temperatures (28, 30, 40C) and different pH (6, 7, 8) to obtain the best sample for the production of Protease. After the selection of the best sample, enzyme production assays were performed by submerged fermentation using 4 different media. The tests were carried out in an orbital shaker, 150 rpm, 37oC, 96 hours, where the pH, the enzymatic activity and growth curve were determined. Then, after the selection of the best production medium, new assays were performed using a 22 complete factorial design with four replicates using milk serum and ice cream residues, under the same pre-established kinetic conditions. The results indicated that the A. niger (SIS 18) sample showed the formation of the largest characteristic halo of 3.0 cm, with 96 h of growth. The assays performed with different production media in submerged fermentation indicated that the medium 3 was a proteolytic activity of 0.104 U/mL after 96 hours of fermentation. In factorial design 22, using media containing agroindustrial substrates, the best result obtained for test 2, which presented a proteolytic activity of 0.118 U/mL with serum of milk and 0.093 U/mL for ice cream residue.These results validate that the use of agroindustrial residues has been a viable alternative for the production of protease in submerged fermentation, and with this can reduce the costs of production and the discard of these residues in the environment.
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5

Miqueleto, Paula Brandão. "Caracterização de comunidades microbianas relacionadas ao metabolismo de hidrocarbonetos leves presentes em amostras de solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-02092010-151401/.

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Solos apresentam hidrocarbonetos gasosos em quantidades variáveis e acredita-se que as formações de reservatórios de óleo podem ser detectáveis indiretamente utilizando-se bactérias no solo capazes de degradá-los. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar comunidades microbianas envolvidas com o metabolismo desses hidrocarbonetos. As amostras de solo Np (área não petrolífera) e Solo P (área petrolífera) foram analisadas através da construção de bibliotecas do gene RNAr 16S de bactérias e arquéias e de genes catabólicos que codificam enzimas monooxigenases solúveis (SDIMO). As comunidades apresentaram estrutura diferente em relação aos grupos de bactérias e arqueias e análise dos genes catabólicos indicou maior riqueza e diversidade no solo P. A maior parte do clones se mostrou filogeneticamente mais próxima de sequências de enzimas de bactérias não cultivadas proveniente de amostras ambientais. Análises de cromatografia gasosa realizadas logo após a coleta detectaram maiores níveis de metano no solo P e maiores níveis de etano e propano no solo Np. A técnica de PCR quantitativo (Real Time PCR) mostrou um número maior de cópias do rRNA 16S no solo Np, mas não foi eficiente em quantificar os genes degradadores de gases leves presentes no solo.
Gaseous hydrocarbons occur in sub-surface soil in highly variable amounts and oil reservoirs formations are supposed to be indirectly detectable through soil microbial populations capable of consuming it. The goal of the present work was to characterize microbial communities involved in short-chain alkane metabolism in soils in and off sedimentary basin areas (named P and Np soil, respectively). Three clone libraries were constructed for each sample, one 16S rRNA gene library for each of the Domains Bacteria and Archaea, and one for the catabolic gene coding for the soluble di-iron monooxygenase (SDIMO) enzyme. Bacterial and archaeal communities structures were different between the samples. Analysis of the catabolic genes presented higher values of richness and diversity in soil P. The sequences from soil samples were more closely related to each other than to reference sequences. Short-chain hydrocarbon measures performed just after samples were collected showed higher levels of methane and lower levels of ethane and propane in soil P in comparison to soil Np. A real-time PCR method was not successful in yielding the catabolic gene quantification suggesting that such genes occur in very low abundance in the soil samples under study.
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6

Tischler, Dirk, Michel Oelschlägel, Juliane Zimmerling, and Michael Schlömann. "Neue Wege in der Weißen Biotechnologie." Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-210778.

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Mikroorganismen sind in der Lage, zahlreiche Xenobiotika abzubauen. Dazu nutzen sie unter aeroben Bedingungen oft einleitend Oxygenasen. Durch diese kann molekularer Luftsauerstoff aktiviert und auf organische Moleküle übertragen werden. Danach können die Verbindungen in den Metabolismus der Mikroorganismen eingeschleust und teils oder vollständig abgebaut werden. Am Beispiel des Styrols zeigen wir hier eine solche Abbauroute und wie wir diese biotechnologisch nutzen können, um interessante Verbindungen zu synthetisieren. Zielmoleküle der gesamten Enzymkaskade sind dabei diverse Phenylessigsäurederivate.
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Tischler, Dirk, Michel Oelschlägel, Juliane Zimmerling, and Michael Schlömann. "Neue Wege in der Weißen Biotechnologie." TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 2015. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23081.

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Mikroorganismen sind in der Lage, zahlreiche Xenobiotika abzubauen. Dazu nutzen sie unter aeroben Bedingungen oft einleitend Oxygenasen. Durch diese kann molekularer Luftsauerstoff aktiviert und auf organische Moleküle übertragen werden. Danach können die Verbindungen in den Metabolismus der Mikroorganismen eingeschleust und teils oder vollständig abgebaut werden. Am Beispiel des Styrols zeigen wir hier eine solche Abbauroute und wie wir diese biotechnologisch nutzen können, um interessante Verbindungen zu synthetisieren. Zielmoleküle der gesamten Enzymkaskade sind dabei diverse Phenylessigsäurederivate.
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8

BERTHALON, ETIENNE. "Regulation de la voie de biosynthese de l'ethylene dans les cellules de tabac en culture sous l'effet d'eliciteurs fongiques." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30236.

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Sous l'effet de glycopeptides extraits de parois du mycelium de (phytophtora parantica nicotianae) et appeles eliciteurs, les cellules de tabac en culture synthetisent de grandes quantites d'ethylene. L'etude de l'hormone aux differentes etapes de sa voie de biosynthese montre une stimulation rapide et transitoire de l'activite acc-synthase, vraisemblablement par synthese de novo de l'enzyme, entrainant l'augmentation du taux intracellulaire d'acc sans pour autant modifier celui du n-malonyl-acc. (. . . )
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9

Vadasz, Alisa S. "Mathematical modelling of the dynamical interactions between killer and sensitive wine yeast subjected to nutritional stress." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9142.

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McLoughlin, Sean Yu. "Studies on the phosphotriesterase from Agrobacterium radiobacter P230." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148539.

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Books on the topic "Microbial enzymes Biotechnology"

1

Fogarty, William M., and Catherine T. Kelly, eds. Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0765-2.

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José-Luis, Barredo, ed. Microbial enzymes and biotransformations. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2005.

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Mansi, El-Mansi, and Bryce Charles F. A, eds. Fermentation microbiology and biotechnology. London: Taylor & Francis, 1999.

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Mikhaĭlova, R. V. Mat︠s︡erirui︠u︡shchie fermenty mit︠s︡elialʹnykh gribov v biotekhnologii. Minsk: Belorusskai︠a︡ nauka, 2007.

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M, Roberts Stanley, ed. Introduction to biocatalysis using enzymes and micro-organisms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Günther, Winkelmann, ed. Microbial degradation of natural products. Weinheim: VCH, 1992.

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Microbial production of food ingredients, enzymes and nutraceuticals. [S.l.]: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013.

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P, Hollenberg C., and Sahm H, eds. Microbial genetic engineering and enzyme technology. Stuttgart: G. Fischer, 1987.

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1939-, Romano Francesco H., and Russo Andrea 1954-, eds. Biocatalysis research progress. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Saxman, Donald. Environmental management through biotechnology: Microorganisms & enzymes for waste treatment. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microbial enzymes Biotechnology"

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Whitaker, John R. "Microbial Pectolytic Enzymes." In Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology, 133–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0765-2_4.

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Godtfredsen, Sven Erik. "Microbial Lipases." In Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology, 255–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0765-2_7.

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Outtrup, Helle, and C. O. L. Boyce. "Microbial Proteinases and Biotechnology." In Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology, 227–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0765-2_6.

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Kumar, Santhosh, Nanthakumar Arumugam, Kugenthiren Permaul, and Suren Singh. "Chapter 5 Thermostable Enzymes and Their Industrial Applications." In Microbial Biotechnology, 115–62. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315367880-6.

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Crueger, Anneliese, and Wulf Crueger. "Glucose Transforming Enzymes." In Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology, 177–226. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0765-2_5.

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Horikoshi, Koki. "Enzymes of Alkalophiles." In Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology, 275–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0765-2_8.

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Pathak, Puneet, Prabhjot Kaur, and Nishi K. Bhardwaj. "Chapter 6 Microbial Enzymes for Pulp and Paper Industry." In Microbial Biotechnology, 163–240. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315367880-7.

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Roberts, S. M. "Enzymes in Organic Synthesis." In Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology, 395–424. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0765-2_12.

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Sahu, Nivedita, Anirudh Nelabhotla, and Pradhan Nityananda. "Structure and Gas Diffusion Path Analysis of Hydrogenase Enzymes by Homology Modelling." In Microbial Biotechnology, 277–93. Toronto ; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, 2015.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19978-18.

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Coughlan, Michael P. "Cellulose Degradation by Fungi." In Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology, 1–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0765-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microbial enzymes Biotechnology"

1

Li, Yi. "Effects of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria on soybean rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and microbial community." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE FRONTIERS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING (FBB 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5110854.

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Bhushan, Indu. "Efficient media for high production of microbial lipase from Bacillus subtilis (BSK-L) using response surface methodology for enantiopure synthesis of drug molecules." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.044.

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Lipases are a multipurpose enzyme that holds a significant position in industrial applications due to its ability to catalyse a large number of reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification, transesterification which makes it a potential candidate. It is also used for the separation of chiral drugs from the racemic mixture and this property of lipase is considered very important in pharmaceutical industries for the synthesis of enantiopure bioactive molecules. Assuming the tremendous importance of lipases, as stereoselective biocatalysts, in pharmaceuticals and various other commercial applications, industrial enzymologists have been forced to search for those microorganisms which are able to produce novel biocatalysts at reasonably high yield. In the present study microbial lipase was isolated from the water sample of pond at Katra, Jammu and Kashmir (India). This enzyme has shown wide specificity and higher enantioselectivity, which make it pharmaceutical important enzyme. To make it economical for industrial application, it was produced on cheap nutrient media using Response Surface Methodology and got maximum production. It was used for resolution of chiral drugs and the significant results obtained during the course of work shall have potential towards pharmaceutical industries.
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