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Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial enzymes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Liu, Chunhui, Jingyi Ma, Tingting Qu, et al. "Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Stoichiometry Reveal Nutrient Dynamics during Microbially-Mediated Plant Residue Transformation." Forests 14, no. 1 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010034.

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Extracellular enzymes are the major mediators of plant residue and organic matter decomposition in soil, frequently associated with microbial metabolic processes and the biochemical cycling of nutrients in soil ecosystems. However, the dynamic trends and driving factors of extracellular enzymes and their stoichiometry during plant residue transformation remain to be further studied. Here, we investigated the dynamics of extracellular enzymes and enzymatic stoichiometry in the “litter-soil” transformation interface soil (TIS) layer, an essential occurrence layer for microbially-mediated C trans

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Microbial industrial enzymes." Microbial Biotechnology 12, no. 2 (2019): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13389.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Microbial industrial enzymes." Microbial Biotechnology 12, no. 5 (2019): 1090–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13469.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Microbial commercial enzymes." Microbial Biotechnology 4, no. 4 (2011): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00274.x.

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5

Sihi, Debjani, Stefan Gerber, Patrick W. Inglett, and Kanika Sharma Inglett. "Comparing models of microbial–substrate interactions and their response to warming." Biogeosciences 13, no. 6 (2016): 1733–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1733-2016.

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Abstract. Recent developments in modelling soil organic carbon decomposition include the explicit incorporation of enzyme and microbial dynamics. A characteristic of these models is a positive feedback between substrate and consumers, which is absent in traditional first-order decay models. With sufficiently large substrate, this feedback allows an unconstrained growth of microbial biomass. We explore mechanisms that curb unrestricted microbial growth by including finite potential sites where enzymes can bind and by allowing microbial scavenging for enzymes. We further developed a model where

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Baldrian, P. "Microbial enzyme-catalyzed processes in soils and their analysis." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 9 (2009): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/134/2009-pse.

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Currently, measuring enzyme activities in soils or other lignocellulose-based materials is technically feasible; this measurement is particularly suitable for evaluating soil processes of biopolymer (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, chitin and others) degradation by microbes and for assessing cycling and mobilization of principal nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. With some considerations, assay methods can provide reliable information on the concentration of enzymes in soil or the rates of enzyme-catalyzed processes. Enzyme analyses in recent studies demonstrated a high le

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Singh, Ankita, PalakVarma .., Arpita Singh, et al. "Applications of Microbial Enzymes: The Need of an Hour." Indian Journal of Genetics and Molecular Research 12, no. 2 (2023): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijgmr.2319.4782.12223.3.

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A growing need for sustainable solutions is one of the primary drivers of the demand for industrial enzymes. One of the most significant and beneficial sources of many enzymes has been and still is the microbial world. Numerous industrial procedures, such as chemical synthesis used to create chemicals and pharmaceuticals, have a number of drawbacks: Lack of enantiomeric specificity for chiral synthesis, low pH, high pressure, high temperature, and low catalytic efficiency. Enzyme research and interest are still advancing, which helps industrial biocatalysis succeed even more. There should be a

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Demain, Arnold L., and Sergio Sánchez. "Enzymes of industrial interest." Mexican journal of biotechnology 2, no. 2 (2017): 74–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29267/mxjb.2017.2.2.74.

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For many years, industrial enzymes have played an important role in the benefit of our society due to their many useful properties and a wide range of applications. They are key elements in the progress of many industries including foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, therapy, personal care, animal feed, detergents, pulp and paper, textiles, leather, chemicals and biofuels. During recent decades, microbial enzymes have replaced many plant and animal enzymes. This is because microbial enzymes are widely available and produced economically in short fermentations and inexpensive media.

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Lynd, Lee R., Paul J. Weimer, Willem H. van Zyl, and Isak S. Pretorius. "Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 66, no. 3 (2002): 506–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.66.3.506-577.2002.

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SUMMARY Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic biomass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecological aspects of cellulase-degrading communities, and rate-limiting factors in nature. The methodological basis for studying microbial cellulose utilization is considered relative to quantification of cells and enzymes in the presence of solid substrates as well as apparatus a

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Zhang, Yuanye, Xia Wang, Yuxin Sun, et al. "Hydrolases Control Soil Carbon Sequestration in Alpine Grasslands in the Tibetan Plateau." Sustainability 16, no. 9 (2024): 3508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16093508.

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Microbial-sourced carbon is an important component of soil organic carbon (SOC) and influences SOC’s size and turnover. Soil extracellular enzymes can participate in the degradation of plants in the soil to produce substances needed by microorganisms, which in turn affects microbial sources of carbon. Most of the current studies focus on the effects of soil extracellular enzymes on SOC pools, while there is a lack of clarity regarding the effects on microbial sources of carbon during SOC pool formation. In this paper, three typical grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine grassland, and desert g

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Manas Ranjan, Aashi Thakur, Chirag Chopra, and Reena Singh. "Microbial Oxidoreductases: Biotechnological and Synthetic Applications." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3535.

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Enzymes are biocatalysts responsible for driving all biochemical reactions in the cells. The enzymes determine the physiology of a cell and together regulate the growth and proliferation of cells in response to various environmental signals. The ability of cells to adapt and respond to environmental conditions can be utilized for industrial applications. Hydrolases and oxidoreductases are the most common classes of enzymes used in various industries such as pharmaceutical, food and beverages, bioremediation and biofuels, among others. Oxidoreductases are the EC1 class enzymes that catalyze the

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Khan, Mohd Faheem. "Recent Advances in Microbial Enzyme Applications for Sustainable Textile Processing and Waste Management." Sci 7, no. 2 (2025): 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci7020046.

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Microbial enzymes have revolutionised the textile industry by replacing harmful chemicals with eco-friendly alternatives, enhancing processes such as desizing, scouring, dyeing, finishing, and promoting water conservation while reducing pollution. This review explores the role of enzymes like amylases, pectinases, cellulases, catalases, laccases, and peroxidases in sustainable textile processing, focusing on their ability to mitigate environmental pollution from textile effluents. The review also examines the types and characteristics of hazardous textile waste and evaluates traditional waste

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Broad specificity microbial enzymes." Microbial Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (2015): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12270.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Immobilization of microbial enzymes." Microbial Biotechnology 3, no. 6 (2010): 729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00227.x.

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Mullen, W. H., and P. M. Vadgama. "Microbial enzymes in biosensors." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 61, no. 3 (1986): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb04275.x.

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Staerck, Cindy, Amandine Gastebois, Patrick Vandeputte, et al. "Microbial antioxidant defense enzymes." Microbial Pathogenesis 110 (September 2017): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.015.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Evolution of microbial enzymes." Environmental Microbiology 9, no. 11 (2007): 2903–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01463.x.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Microbial enzymes as sensors." Environmental Microbiology 11, no. 1 (2009): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01832.x.

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Chandratre S. J, Pande S. R, Chaudhari D. S., and Upadhye K. R. "Screening of Lipase-Producing Microbes for Oil Bioremediation: An Eco-Friendly Approach." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (2025): 912–21. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst251222639.

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Oil pollution poses significant environmental challenges, threatening ecosystems and human health. Microbial lipases offer eco-friendly solutions for degrading lipid-based pollutants. Microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) are versatile enzymes capable of catalysing lipid hydrolysis and synthesis, with significant potential for industrial and environmental applications. This study aimed to explore the bioremediation potential of microbial lipases obtained from dairy products, oil-contaminated soil and water, garage soil, and mill effluents. Lipase activity was optimized under varying pH, temperature,

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Ojo Omoniyi, Olusola Abayomi, Dauphin Dighitoghi Moro, and Oyinkansola Bridget Afolabi. "Microbial Proteases: Sources, Significance and Industrial Applications." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (2024): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1306.001.

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Microbial enzymes are the preferred source to plants or animals for enzyme integration into biotechnological processes that enhanced sustainable development due to its cost- effective, ease of operation, re-use advantages and consistent production. Enzymes are biocatalysts, they accelerate a chemical reaction. They are used in industries such as biofuel, cleaning/detergents, food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, bioremediation and many more. The present review attempts to provide descriptive information on the recent development in enzyme technology for industrial applications as well as sustainabl

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Wu, Junyang, Zhongwei Wu, Evgenios Agathokleous, Yongli Zhu, Diwu Fan, and Jiangang Han. "Unveiling a New Perspective on Cadmium-Induced Hormesis in Soil Enzyme Activity: The Relative Importance of Enzymatic Reaction Kinetics and Microbial Communities." Agriculture 14, no. 6 (2024): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060904.

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Hormesis in soil enzymes is well-established, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this novel study, we investigated the effects of low-dose Cd exposure (0, 0.03, 0.3, 3, and 30 mg·kg−1) in farmland soil within a typical constructed wetland environment. We assessed the activities of four soil enzymes (urease (URE), denitrification enzyme (DEA), dehydrogenase (DHA), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) at varying exposure durations (0 h, 24 h, and 48 h), evaluating hormetic characteristics across these time intervals. Additionally, we determined kinetic parameters, specifically the Micha

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Cosme, Fernanda, António Inês, and Alice Vilela. "Microbial and Commercial Enzymes Applied in the Beverage Production Process." Fermentation 9, no. 4 (2023): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9040385.

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Enzymes are highly effective biocatalysts used in various industrial processes, playing a key role in winemaking and in other fermented beverages. Many of the enzymes used in fermentation processes have their origin in fruits, in the indigenous microbiota of the fruit, and in the microorganisms present during beverage processing. Besides naturally occurring enzymes, commercial preparations that usually blend different activities are used (glucosidases, glucanases, pectinases, and proteases, among others). Over the years, remarkable progress has been made in enhancing enzyme performance under o

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23

Xiao, Ruihan, Beixing Duan, Changlei Dai, and Yu Wu. "Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Nutrient Limitation of Various Temperate Forest Types in Northeastern China." Forests 15, no. 10 (2024): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15101815.

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Soil enzymes mediate organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, and their stoichiometry can indicate microbial nutrient demands. However, research on the variations in soil enzymes and microbial nutrient limitation under different temperate forest types still lacks insight. In this study, we sampled soils under five typical forest types (including Betula platyphylla Suk. forest, Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr forest, Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. forest, Populus davidiana Dode forest, and Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc.forest) in the temperate climatic region of northeast China. Soil enz

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Maier, Robert, and Stéphane Benoit. "Role of Nickel in Microbial Pathogenesis." Inorganics 7, no. 7 (2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics7070080.

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Nickel is an essential cofactor for some pathogen virulence factors. Due to its low availability in hosts, pathogens must efficiently transport the metal and then balance its ready intracellular availability for enzyme maturation with metal toxicity concerns. The most notable virulence-associated components are the Ni-enzymes hydrogenase and urease. Both enzymes, along with their associated nickel transporters, storage reservoirs, and maturation enzymes have been best-studied in the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium which depends heavily on nickel. Molecular hydrogen utilizatio

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Drake, J. E., B. A. Darby, M. A. Giasson, M. A. Kramer, R. P. Phillips, and A. C. Finzi. "Stoichiometry constrains microbial response to root exudation – insights from a model and a field experiment in a temperate forest." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 6 (2012): 6899–945. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-6899-2012.

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Abstract. Healthy plant roots release a wide range of chemicals into soils. This process, termed root exudation, is thought to increase the activity of microbes and the exo-enzymes they synthesize, leading to accelerated rates of carbon (C) mineralization and nutrient cycling in rhizosphere soils relative to bulk soils. The causal role of exudation, however, is difficult to isolate with in-situ observations, given the complex nature of the rhizosphere environment. We investigated the potential effects of root exudation on microbial and exo-enzyme activity using a theoretical model of decomposi

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Wani, A. K., F. Rahayu, F. T. Kadarwati, et al. "Metagenomic screening strategies for bioprospecting enzymes from environmental samples." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 974, no. 1 (2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012003.

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Abstract Globally, there is a growing demand for biocatalysts because of the associated efficacy and efficiency. The applications of enzymes in food, paper, pulp, textile, and chemical industries have prompted enzyme exploration. Microbes, being the natural reservoirs of enzymes, have gained researchers’ attention, and the quest for microbial enzymes has increased in past years. This review provides insights about metagenomics techniques and their applicability in obtaining microbial-origin enzymes from diverse environmental samples besides highlighting their importance. The metagenomic approa

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Zbar, Nedhaal Suhail. "Microbial enzymes: the role of enzyme in cancer therapy." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation 06, no. 02 (2022): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36037/ijrei.2021.6204.

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One of the most important challenges of the 21st decade is cancer. Adequate therapy advances aren't meeting the growing quantity of sufferers. Therapies that are frequently utilized doesn't always achieve the expected outcomes. As a consequence, it's vital to take action. Identify innovative supplementary appropriate therapies. Immunology involves the utilization of certain kinds of microorganisms. It is perhaps of their most essential potentially fruitful pathway that, in some way, therapy is thought to increase intestinal response, allowing cancerous lymphocytes to be removed preferentially.

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Sihi, D., S. Gerber, P. W. Inglett, and K. S. Inglett. "Comparing models of microbial-substrate interactions and their response to warming." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 13 (2015): 10857–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-10857-2015.

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Abstract. Recent developments in modelling soil organic carbon decomposition include the explicit incorporation of enzyme and microbial dynamics. A characteristic of these models is a positive feedback between substrate and consumers which is absent in traditional first order decay models. Under sufficient large substrate, this new feedback allows an unconstrained growth of microbial biomass. A second phenomenon incorporated in the microbial decomposition models is decreased carbon use efficiency (CUE) with increasing temperature. Here, first we analyse microbial decomposition models by parame

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Sonali, Tiwari and Archana Meena. "Factors Influencing the Activities of Soil Enzymes Involved in Nutrient Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems." Environmental Science Archives 4, no. 1 (2025): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14878492.

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Soil ecosystems are important in sustaining flora, fauna, and microbes. It provides key nutrients to the soil—microbial metabolism to help in agricultural production, habitat maintenance, biodiversity restoration, and environmental balance. Soil enzymes play an important role in nutrient cycling, mainly carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, hence helping to create the availability of nutrients through degradation of substrate and exchange of energy. Microorganisms play a special role in enzyme production, both intracellularly and extracellularly. They are involved in microbial biomass produc

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Subathra, Devi C., Naine S. Jemimah, Keziah S. Merlyn, and V. Mohanasrinivasan. "A brief review on conventional methods for screening, product development, downstream and evaluation of fibrinolytic enzymes from marine microbes." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, no. 7 (2021): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/257rjce19421.

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The ocean is a great reservoir of biodiversity and microbial metabolites. Enzymes from marine source have recently gained considerable attention as they have lower side effects and more potency when compared to other existing sources. Fibrinolytic enzymes from microbial sources possess ability to dissolve clots and help to circumvent cardiovascular problems in more efficient and safer way. The complexity of the marine environment involves high salinity, high pressure, low temperature, special lighting conditions. This contributes to the significant differences between the enzymes generated by

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Adeoyo, Olusegun Richard. "Bioeconomic Perspectives of Bacterial and Fungal Hydrolytic Enzymes: A Review." International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences 12, no. 1 (2025): 61–70. https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs.v12i1.670.

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Microorganisms have been in use as biotechnological tools since ancient time of human civilization. The extensive applications of microbial enzymes in the food, detergent, agricultural, textile, paper, pharmaceutical, and monitoring device industries have brought them international prominence. Enzyme mediated processes are rapidly gaining interest because of reduced process time, intake of low energy input, cost effective, nontoxic/eco-friendly properties, easy availability, fast production rate, and easiness of manipulation. Microbial enzymes with excellent performances function effectively i

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Guseva, Ksenia, Moritz Mohrlok, Lauren Alteio, Hannes Schmidt, Shaul Pollak, and Christina Kaiser. "Bacteria face trade-offs in the decomposition of complex biopolymers." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 8 (2024): e1012320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012320.

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Although depolymerization of complex carbohydrates is a growth-limiting bottleneck for microbial decomposers, we still lack understanding about how the production of different types of extracellular enzymes affect individual microbes and in turn the performance of whole decomposer communities. In this work we use a theoretical model to evaluate the potential trade-offs faced by microorganisms in biopolymer decomposition which arise due to the varied biochemistry of different depolymerizing enzyme classes. We specifically consider two broad classes of depolymerizing extracellular enzymes, which

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Gari, Jiregna, and Rahma Abdella. "Degradation of zearalenone by microorganisms and enzymes." PeerJ 11 (August 14, 2023): e15808. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15808.

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Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi that may cause serious health problems in humans and animals. Zearalenone is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, widely exists in animal feed and human food. One concern with the use of microbial strains and their enzyme derivatives for zearalenone degradation is the potential variability in the effectiveness of the degradation process. The efficiency of degradation may depend on various factors such as the type and concentration of zearalenone, the properties of the microbial strains and enzymes, and the environmen

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Alves, Priscila Divina Diniz, Flávia de Faria Siqueira, Susanne Facchin, Carolina Campolina Rebello Horta, Júnia Maria Netto Victória, and Evanguedes Kalapothakis. "Survey of Microbial Enzymes in Soil, Water, and Plant Microenvironments." Open Microbiology Journal 8, no. 1 (2014): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801408010025.

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Detection of microbial enzymes in natural environments is important to understand biochemical activities and to verify the biotechnological potential of the microorganisms. In the present report, 346 isolates from soil, water, and plants were screened for enzyme production (caseinase, gelatinase, amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase, and esterase). Our results showed that 89.6% of isolates produced at least one tested enzyme. A predominance of amylase in soil samples, carboxymethyl cellulase in plants, as well as esterase and gelatinase in water was observed. Interesting enzymatic profiles were fo

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Morgan, J. Alun W., and Roger W. Pickup. "Activity of microbial peptidases, oxidases, and esterases in lake waters of varying trophic status." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 8 (1993): 795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-117.

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The range and activities of microbial enzymes present in lake water were assessed directly in cells concentrated by tangential flow filtration. A total of 108 enzymes were assayed in this study, which included tests for 60 peptidases, 20 oxidases, and 10 esterases, and 18 miscellaneous tests. In general, no trends in the range of enzymes were associated with trophic status of the lakes. However, one lake that was hypereutrophic had a greater range of enzymes than the other lakes tested. An increase in total enzyme activity (activity/mL) was recorded with an increase in trophic status of the wa

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Jiang, Zipeng, Liang Mei, Yuqi Li, et al. "Enzymatic Regulation of the Gut Microbiota: Mechanisms and Implications for Host Health." Biomolecules 14, no. 12 (2024): 1638. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14121638.

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The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem, is vital to host health as it aids digestion, modulates the immune system, influences metabolism, and interacts with the brain-gut axis. Various factors influence the composition of this microbiota. Enzymes, as essential catalysts, actively participate in biochemical reactions that have an impact on the gut microbial community, affecting both the microorganisms and the gut environment. Enzymes play an important role in the regulation of the intestinal microbiota, but the interactions between enzymes and microbial communities, as well as the precise mech

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Niyongabo Niyonzima, Francois. "Production of Microbial Industrial Enzymes." Acta Scientific Microbiology 2, no. 12 (2019): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asmi.2019.02.0434.

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Bhandari, Sobika, Darbin Kumar Poudel, Rishab Marahatha, et al. "Microbial Enzymes Used in Bioremediation." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (February 8, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8849512.

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Emerging pollutants in nature are linked to various acute and chronic detriments in biotic components and subsequently deteriorate the ecosystem with serious hazards. Conventional methods for removing pollutants are not efficient; instead, they end up with the formation of secondary pollutants. Significant destructive impacts of pollutants are perinatal disorders, mortality, respiratory disorders, allergy, cancer, cardiovascular and mental disorders, and other harmful effects. The pollutant substrate can recognize different microbial enzymes at optimum conditions (temperature/pH/contact time/c

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Chiral transformations by microbial enzymes." Microbial Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (2007): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2007.00019.x.

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40

Böttcher, Dominique, and Uwe T. Bornscheuer. "Protein engineering of microbial enzymes." Current Opinion in Microbiology 13, no. 3 (2010): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2010.01.010.

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Urlacher, V. B., S. Lutz-Wahl, and R. D. Schmid. "Microbial P450 enzymes in biotechnology." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 64, no. 3 (2004): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1514-1.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Microbial extracellular enzymes used industrially." Environmental Microbiology 16, no. 5 (2014): 1452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12473.

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TSURU, Daisuke. "Microbial Enzymes and Their Inhibitors." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 113, no. 10 (1993): 683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.113.10_683.

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Jayani, Ranveer Singh, Shivalika Saxena, and Reena Gupta. "Microbial pectinolytic enzymes: A review." Process Biochemistry 40, no. 9 (2005): 2931–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03.026.

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45

Mokhtar, Nur Fathiah, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. Rahman, Noor Dina Muhd Noor, Fairolniza Mohd Shariff, and Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali. "The Immobilization of Lipases on Porous Support by Adsorption and Hydrophobic Interaction Method." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070744.

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Four major enzymes commonly used in the market are lipases, proteases, amylases, and cellulases. For instance, in both academic and industrial levels, microbial lipases have been well studied for industrial and biotechnological applications compared to others. Immobilization is done to minimize the cost. The improvement of enzyme properties enables the reusability of enzymes and facilitates enzymes used in a continuous process. Immobilized enzymes are enzymes physically confined in a particularly defined region with retention to their catalytic activities. Immobilized enzymes can be used repea

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Abdelhamid, Mohamed A. A., Hazim O. Khalifa, Hyo Jik Yoon, Mi-Ran Ki, and Seung Pil Pack. "Microbial Immobilized Enzyme Biocatalysts for Multipollutant Mitigation: Harnessing Nature’s Toolkit for Environmental Sustainability." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16 (2024): 8616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168616.

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The ever-increasing presence of micropollutants necessitates the development of environmentally friendly bioremediation strategies. Inspired by the remarkable versatility and potent catalytic activities of microbial enzymes, researchers are exploring their application as biocatalysts for innovative environmental cleanup solutions. Microbial enzymes offer remarkable substrate specificity, biodegradability, and the capacity to degrade a wide array of pollutants, positioning them as powerful tools for bioremediation. However, practical applications are often hindered by limitations in enzyme stab

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Shomar, Helena, and Gregory Bokinsky. "Towards a Synthetic Biology Toolset for Metallocluster Enzymes in Biosynthetic Pathways: What We Know and What We Need." Molecules 26, no. 22 (2021): 6930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226930.

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Microbes are routinely engineered to synthesize high-value chemicals from renewable materials through synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Microbial biosynthesis often relies on expression of heterologous biosynthetic pathways, i.e., enzymes transplanted from foreign organisms. Metallocluster enzymes are one of the most ubiquitous family of enzymes involved in natural product biosynthesis and are of great biotechnological importance. However, the functional expression of recombinant metallocluster enzymes in live cells is often challenging and represents a major bottleneck. The activit

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Sartaj, Km, Alok Patel, Leonidas Matsakas, and Ramasare Prasad. "Unravelling Metagenomics Approach for Microbial Biofuel Production." Genes 13, no. 11 (2022): 1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13111942.

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Renewable biofuels, such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and biobutanol, serve as long-term solutions to fossil fuel depletion. A sustainable approach feedstock for their production is plant biomass, which is degraded to sugars with the aid of microbes-derived enzymes, followed by microbial conversion of those sugars to biofuels. Considering their global demand, additional efforts have been made for their large-scale production, which is ultimately leading breakthrough research in biomass energy. Metagenomics is a powerful tool allowing for functional gene analysis and new enzyme discovery. Thus, th

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Borzova, N. V. "MICROBIAL α-L-RHAMNOSIDASES: CLASSIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, PROPERTIES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION". Biotechnologia Acta 16, № 4 (2023): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.04.005.

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One of the important problems of current biotechnology is the usage of enzymes of microbial origin for destruction of poorly soluble compounds and synthesis of new drugs. In recent years a great deal of researchers’ attention has been given to such technologically promising carbohydrases as O-glycosylhydrolases catalyzing the hydrolysis of O-glycoside links in glycosides, oligo- and polysaccharides, glycolipids, and other glycoconjugates. Aim. The review provides data on the position of α-L-rhamnosidases in the modern hierarchical classification of glycosidases and presents data available in t

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Latip, Wahhida, Victor Feizal Knight, Norhana Abdul Halim, et al. "Microbial Phosphotriesterase: Structure, Function, and Biotechnological Applications." Catalysts 9, no. 8 (2019): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9080671.

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The role of phosphotriesterase as an enzyme which is able to hydrolyze organophosphate compounds cannot be disputed. Contamination by organophosphate (OP) compounds in the environment is alarming, and even more worrying is the toxicity of this compound, which affects the nervous system. Thus, it is important to find a safer way to detoxify, detect and recuperate from the toxicity effects of this compound. Phosphotriesterases (PTEs) are mostly isolated from soil bacteria and are classified as metalloenzymes or metal-dependent enzymes that contain bimetals at the active site. There are three sep

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