Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microbial granulation process

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Academic literature on the topic 'Microbial granulation process'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Microbial granulation process"

1

El-Mamouni, R., R. Leduc, and S. R. Guiot. "Influence of synthetic and natural polymers on the anaerobic granulation process." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0824.

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The influence of synthetic Percol 763 and natural chitosan polymers on the granulation rate of suspended anaerobic sludge was studied in laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB)-like reactors. The results showed that supplementation of the reactors with polymers, either natural or synthetic, enhanced the granulation in comparison to control reactors (without the addition of polymers). A greater granulation was, however, obtained with chitosan compared to that with Percol 763. Chitosan yielded a granulation rate as high as 56 m/d compared to 35 m/d Percol 763. The superior granulation performance of chitosan was probably related to its polysaccharidic structure, hence acting similarly to the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in aggregating anaerobic sludge. The granules specific activities were enhanced in the reactors supplemented with both polymers compared to those in control reactors. Overall, the results showed that polymers play a more critical role than microbial trophic groups in enhancing anaerobic granulation in UASB-like reactors.
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Ayorinde, John Oluwasogo, Oludele Adelanwa Itiola, Oluwatoyin Adepeju Odeku, and Michael Ayodele Odeniyi. "Influence of binder type and process parameters on the compression properties and microbial survival in diclofenac tablet formulations." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 4 (December 2011): 845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000400022.

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The influence of binder type and process parameters on the compression properties and microbial survival in diclofenac tablet formulations were studied using a novel gum from Albizia zygia. Tablets were produced from diclofenac formulations containing corn starch, lactose and dicalcium phosphate. Formulations were analyzed using the Heckel and Kawakita plots. Determination of microbial viability in the formulations was done on the compressed tablets of both contaminated and uncontaminated tablets prepared from formulations. Direct compression imparted a higher plasticity on the materials than the wet granulation method. Tablets produced by wet granulation presented with a higher crushing strength than those produced by the direct compression method. Significantly higher microbial survival (p< 0.05) was obtained in formulations prepared by direct compression. The percent survival of Bacillus subtilis spores decreased with increase in binder concentration. The study showed that Albizia gum is capable of imparting higher plasticity on materials and exhibited a higher reduction of microbial contaminant in the formulations. The direct compression method produced tablets of reduced viability of microbial contaminant.
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Zhao, Xia, Ji Min Shen, Zhong Lin Chen, and Xiao Chun Wang. "Performance and Microbial Community of Aerobic Granular Sludge Bioreactor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.405.

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Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated from activated-sludge in sequencing batch reactor. The change of physical properties and the effect of treatment of organic substance and microbial community were studied in the process of the different influent organic loading rate. The results showed that the formation process of aerobic granulation was rapid but the granular sludge was not stable and existed a disintegration-reunion dynamic balance system. The value of MLSS descended from 5.12g/L to 1.03g/L. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N decreased to 74.17% and total phosphorous (TP) removal efficiency maintained beyond 90% all the while. The CODCr removal was over 85% which higher than that of after adding in methanol, then reduced but had trend of rise to 31.89% at last. Microbial species in granulation were speculated by detecting polyhydroxyalkan- oates between granular sludge and activated sludge in the reactor. The results showed that microbial species of activated sludge are more diverse.
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El-Mamouni, R., R. Leduc, J. W. Costerton, and S. R. Guiot. "Influence of the microbial content of different precursory nuclei on the anaerobic granulation dynamics." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 8 (October 1, 1995): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0291.

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Anaerobic granule nuclei enriched in either acidogens (AF), syntrophic consortia (SN), Methanosaeta spp. (MT) and Methanosarcina spp. (MN) were developed in four upflow bed filter reactors fed with sucrose, an ethanol/acetate mixture, acetate and methanol, respectively. The four developed granule nuclei presented different settling velocities: 3.2, 8.7, 10.5 and 11.3 m/h for the AF flocs, the MS-, the SN- and the MT-nuclei, respectively. The ash content represented 60%, 40%, 30% and 16% of dry weight for the MT-, MS-, SN-enriched nuclei, and AF flocs, respectively. Acidogenic flocs contained high amount of extracellular polymeric substances. The influence of these four different nuclei on the time course of complex granule development was investigated by shifting the feed carbon of all of the four reactors to sucrose. Granulation proceeded rapidly both on syntrophic and Methanosaeta nuclei. The largest granules (Sauter diameter of 2.36 mm), however, were obtained within the shortest period in the reactor started with syntrophic nuclei. These nuclei presented also the best colonization by fermentative bacteria as shown by the evolution of their glucotrophic activities. Less satisfying granulation was obtained on Methanosarcina nuclei. In contrast, granulation was significantly retarded when acidogens were used as precursors. From these results it appears that syntrophs and Methanosaeta spp. play the principal role in anaerobic granulation process.
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Affam, Augustine Chioma, Wong Chee Chung, and Wong Chee Swee. "Can Induced Magnetic Field Enhance Bioprocesses? - Review." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820303007.

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This review presents a compilation of works with particular interest in the application of static magnetic field (SMF) to biological systems, wastewater treatment and few available reports on microbial granulation technology. It also highlights the effects of SMF on biological systems and wastewater treatment process. With an increasing need for environmentally conscious solutions to water purification and disinfection, wastewater treatment, bioremediation and other cheap alternative means, the application of SMF in biological water and wastewater treatment without increase in chemicals required may become an attractive option. Application of SMF has been reported to be successful in a number of fields including treatment of wastewater. However, there are sparse reports on SMF application in the formation and development of microbial granule and production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Achieving a short start-up time in a bioreactor towards the development of microbial granule is of paramount importance in granulation technology. Ascertaining how effective varying strength of SMF and other input variables may enhance the microbial granule with respect to its physical, chemical and biological characteristics requires further research.
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Li, Yun, Shu-fang Yang, Jian-jun Zhang, and Xiao-yan Li. "Formation of artificial granules for proving gelation as the main mechanism of aerobic granulation in biological wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 3 (June 9, 2014): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.260.

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In this study, gelation-facilitated biofilm formation as a new mechanism is proposed for the phenomenon of aerobic granulation in biological wastewater treatment. To obtain an experimental proof for the gelation-based theory, the granulation process was simulated in a chemical system using latex particles for bacterial cells and organic polymers (alginate and peptone) for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in a solution with the addition of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+). The results showed that at a low alginate content (70 mg g−1 mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS)) flocculation was observed in the suspension with loose flocs. At a higher alginate content (180 mg g−1 MLSS), together with discharge of small flocs, formation of artificial gel granules was successfully achieved leading to granulation. The artificial granules show a morphological property similar to that of actual microbial granules. However, if the protein content increased, granulation became difficult with little gel formation. The experimental work demonstrates the importance of the bonding interactions between EPS functional groups and cations in gel formation and granulation. The laboratory results on the formation of artificial granules provide a sound proof for the theory of gelation-facilitated biofilm formation as the main mechanism for aerobic granulation in sludge suspensions.
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Ahn, Y. H., and H. C. Kim. "Nutrient removal and microbial granulation in an anaerobic process treating inorganic and organic nitrogenous wastewater." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 6 (September 1, 2004): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0378.

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The sustainable anaerobic nitrogen removal and microbial granulation were investigated by using a laboratory anaerobic granular sludge bed reactor, treating synthetic (inorganic and organic) wastewater and piggery waste. From inorganic synthetic wastewater, lithoautotrophic ammonium oxidation to nitrite/nitrate was observed by an addition of hydroxylamine. Also, the results revealed that the Anammox intermediates (particularly, hydrazine) contents in the substrate would be one of the important parameters for success of the anaerobic nitrogen removal process. The results from organic synthetic wastewater show that if the Anammox organism were not great enough in the startup of the process, denitritation and anaerobic ammonification would be a process prior to the Anammox reaction. The anaerobic ammonium removal from the piggery waste was performed successfully, probably due to the Anammox intermediates contained in the substrate. This reactor shows a complex performance including the Anammox reaction and HAP crystallization, as well as having partial denitritation occurring simultaneously. From the activity test, the maximum specific N conversion rate was 0.1 g NH4-N/g VSS/day (0.77 g T-N/g VSS/day), indicating that potential denitritation is quite high. The NO2-N/NH4-N ratio to Anammox is 1.17. The colour of the biomass treating the piggery waste changed from black to dark red. It was also observed that the red-colored granular sludge had a diameter of 1-2 mm. The settleability assessment of the granular sludge revealed that the granular sludge had a good settleability even though it was worse than that of seed granular sludge.
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Dosta, J., J. Vila, I. Sancho, N. Basset, M. Grifoll, and J. Mata-Álvarez. "Two-step partial nitritation/Anammox process in granulation reactors: Start-up operation and microbial characterization." Journal of Environmental Management 164 (December 2015): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.023.

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9

Li, Ding-Chang, Jing-Feng Gao, Shu-Jun Zhang, Yong-Qing Gao, and Li-Xin Sun. "Enhanced granulation process, a more effective way of aerobic granular sludge cultivation in pilot-scale application comparing to normal granulation process: From the perspective of microbial insights." Science of The Total Environment 707 (March 2020): 136106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136106.

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10

Ul’yanov, A. Yu, O. D. Klokova, O. V. Gromova, V. R. Vol’nikov, O. A. Volokh, and A. K. Nikiforov. "Ways to Reduce the Level of Contamination at the Stages of Tableted Chemical Cholera Vaccine Production." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-1-152-155.

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Objective of the study was an assessment of the degree of contamination of cholera chemical vaccine at the stages of preparation and determination of the ways to reduce it.Materials and methods. Liquid and lyophilized components of the cholera chemical vaccine used in the study: cholerogen-anatoxin and O-antigens of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains, as well as auxiliary substances (sucrose, talc, calcium stearate, starch). Granulation was carried out in a device that works on a fluidized bed principle, GPCG 2 (GLATT, Germany). Subsequent tabletizing of the mixture was performed using MiniTabT compression machine (LUXNER, Germany). Studies were conducted on the evaluation of “microbiological purity” at the stages of manufacturing of the cholera chemical vaccine, tablets coated with an enteric coating. Positive or negative growth of microorganisms on Petri dishes with nutrient media was determined on visual inspection.Results and conclusions. The dynamics of changes in microbial contamination at certain technological stages of vaccine production has been revealed. It is shown that the solutions of antigens in the process of separation are subject to microbial contamination which is associated with the use of ammonium sulfate during precipitation and non-sterile water at the stage of dialysis. Sterility of semi-finished products has been achieved through twophase filtration of choleragen-anatoxin and sterilization of O-antigens of V. cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains with flowing steam at (100±1) °C for 30 minutes. In order to decrease microbial contamination at the stage of granulation additional fine filters were installed in the air-supply system. Further on comparative assessment of microbial purity of vaccine batches obtained using both, direct compression and preliminary granulation, was carried out. It has been experimentally demonstrated that granulation of the components of a tablet mixture of cholera vaccine leads to a decrease in the level of bacterial contamination and improves the microbiological purity of the finished dosage form.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microbial granulation process"

1

Lamprecht, Corne. "UASB granulation enhancement by microbial inoculum selection and process induction." Thesis, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1477.

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Thesis (PhD (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
In the absence of anaerobic granules, anaerobically digested sewage sludge is frequently used to seed industrial upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Because of its flocculent nature, start-up with digested sludge instead of granular sludge proceeds much slower and presents various operational problems. Any manner in which the granulation of digested sludge can be enhanced would benefit UASB reactor start-up and application in developing countries such as South Africa. The main objective of this dissertation was to improve granulation and reduce UASB reactor start-up by using pre-treated digested sludge as seed. The sludge was pre-treated based on the batch granulation-enhancement model of Britz et al. (2002). The main aim of the model was to improve extracellular polymer (ECP) production of lactate-utilising populations by applying short-term controlled organic overloading in a mechanically agitated environment. The batch granulation-enhancement (pre-treatment) process was applied to an ECP-producing digester strain, Propionibacterium jensenii S1. Non-methanogenic aggregates were formed when batch units were incubated on a roller-table instead of a linear-shake platform. Larger, more stable aggregates were obtained in the presence of apricot effluent medium. Preliminary batch granulation-enhancement studies confirmed that using the roller-table as mixing system had a positive influence on batch granulation-enhancement. The roller-table showed the most potential for handling larger volumes in comparison to a linear-shake waterbath and linear-shake platform. The addition of 450 mg.L-1 Fe2+ at the start of the study also influenced aggregate numbers positively. These studies revealed that pre-treatment results varied depending on the seed sludge source. A denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was applied for the detection of Archaea in digested sludges and UASB granules. In addition, a methanogenic marker containing methanogens important to the granulation process was constructed to aid identification. The positive influence of DMSO and “touchdown” PCR on the elimination of artifactual double bands in DGGE fingerprints were also demonstrated. Results revealed that only one of the four digested sludges tested contained Methanosaeta concilii (critical to granular nuclei formation) while it was present in all the UASB granules regardless of substrate type. Four digested sludges were obtained from stable secondary digesters. DGGE indicated the presence of M. concilii in all sludges. The Athlone 4Sb-sludge was the only sludge which exhibited measurable methanogenic activity during substrate dependent activity testing. The ST-sludge showed the highest increase in volatile suspended solids (VSS) particles ≥0.25 mm2. Laboratory-scale UASB reactor start-up was done with both sludges and start-up proceeded better in the Athlone 4Sb-reactor. Athlone 4Sb-sludge batches were pre-treated in a rolling-batch reactor in the presence of either lactate or sucrose and used to seed lab-scale UASB reactors B (sucrose seed) and C (lactate seed). Start-up efficiencies were compared to a control (Reactor A). Overall Reactor B was more efficient that the control. At the end of the study the Reactor B sludge had a higher methanogenic activity than the control reactor. It also had the highest increase in VSS ≥1.0 mm2. Pre-treatment of digested sludge in the presence of sucrose, therefore, aided granulation and reduced UASB reactor start-up time.
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2

Li, Yun, and 李贇. "Formation and stability of aerobic granular sludge in biological wastewater treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197519.

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Aerobic sludge granulation is a new technology that has been developed for biological wastewater treatment. Compared with conventional activated sludge, aerobic granules allow better sludge-water separation and a higher biomass concentration. However, the mechanism of the transformation from sludge flocs to granular sludge under the aerobic condition is still unclear. Deterioration of aerobic granules in long-term operation is also a concern for its scale-up application. The present study was conducted to investigate the crucial factors for aerobic granulation and its underlying mechanism. In addition, the stability of aerobic granules under unfavorable conditions and the recovery of deteriorated granules in bioreactors were also studied. For formation of aerobic granules, gelation-facilitated biofilm growth was proposed as a new mechanism for the granulation process. Simulation of granule formation was performed in a well-controlled chemical system to provide an experimental proof for the proposed aerobic granulation theory. Granule formation was achieved in a particle suspension with latex microspheres for bacterial cells and alginate and peptone for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), together with the cation addition and floc discharge. In the mixture with the dosing of alginate and a small amount of peptone, artificial gels and granules could be well formed, and the artificial granules share the similar micro-structure as the aerobic bacterial granules. However, as the dose of peptone increased, gels were not formed and only large particle flocs were produced. The formation of artificial granules proves that effective EPS interactions with cations and the subsequent gelation are crucial to aerobic granulation in bioreactors. In relation to granulation, the effect of the substrate feeding pattern on the microbial yield was tested. The results show that the bioreactor with a more frequent substrate feeding interval had a lower sludge yield than the reactor (0.45 vs. 0.55) with a less frequent feeding. The sludge fed less frequently was able to store more substrates as intracellular substances, resulting in more biomass growth. Moreover, a long feeding interval would force the biomass into the feast-famine regime, which was found to enhance microbial growth and granulation, producing granules with a compact and stable structure. For the stability of aerobic granules, various factors that would been countered in biological wastewater treatment were experimented. The results show that granules deteriorated in structure under unfavorable conditions, such as a low solution pH (pH~6.0), a high loading rate, and feed of starch instead of glucose into the bioreactors. In some deterioration cases, filamentous bacterial growth became more dominant and the granules became loose and fluffy flocs. Compared to mature granules, fresh granules were less stable and more vulnerable to the unfavorable conditions. As the granules deteriorated in structure, their surface roughness values increased considerably from 35 or less to more than 230. Under a favorable condition with a feed of sodium acetate, the deteriorated granules could be recovered in some reactors. However, deterioration of the granules caused by filamentous growth at a low pH or high loading rate could hardly be recovered.
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3

Li, Anjie, and 李安婕. "Determining factors for aerobic sludge granulation in bioreactors: mechanism analysis, mathematical modelingand experimental verification." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42841689.

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Books on the topic "Microbial granulation process"

1

1964-, Liu Yu, ed. Wastewater purification: Aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008.

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Doboku Kenkyūjo (Japan). Mizu Kankyō Kenkyū Gurūpu. Suishitsu Chīmu., ed. Biryō kagaku busshitsu kentō purojekuto hōkokusho: Shōka sogai bōshi no tame no gesuidō e no jigyōjō haisui ukeire kijun no kangaekata. [Iabaraki-ken Tsukuba-shi]: Doboku Kenkyūjo Mizu Kankyō Kenkyū Gurūpu Suishitsu Chīmu, 2007.

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Microbial Granulation Technology for Nutrient Removal from Wastewater. Nova Science Pub Inc, 2007.

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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors. CRC, 2007.

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