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1
Zehner, Jennifer, Anja Røyne, and Pawel Sikorski. "Calcite seed-assisted microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): e0240763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240763.
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Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a biological process inducing biomineralization of CaCO3. This can be used to form a solid, concrete-like material. To be able to use MICP successfully to produce solid materials, it is important to understand the formation process of the material in detail. It is well known that crystallization surfaces can influence the precipitation process. Therefore, we present in this contribution a systematic study investigating the influence of calcite seeds on the MICP process. We focus on the changes in the pH and changes of the optical density (OD) signal measured with absorption spectroscopy to analyze the precipitation process. Furthermore, optical microscopy was used to visualize the precipitation processes in the sample and connect them to changes in the pH and OD. We show, that there is a significant difference in the pH evolution between samples with and without calcite seeds present and that the shape of the pH evolution and the changes in OD can give detailed information about the mineral precipitation and transformations. In the presented experiments we show, that amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) can also precipitate in the presence of initial calcite seeds and this can have implications for consolidated MICP materials.
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Xiao, J. Z., Y. Q. Wei, H. Cai, Z. W. Wang, T. Yang, Q. H. Wang, and S. F. Wu. "Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation for Strengthening Soft Clay." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (April 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8140724.
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Currently, calcite produced in sediments by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is mainly used as a strengthening binder in sand because sands are porous and have good permeability. Conventional wisdom does not consider MICP to be suitable for use in soft clay because of the clay particles’ small size and its minimal porosity. Because of the clay’s high water content and complex chemical composition, very little research has been done and not much is known about the use of MICP in soft clay for strength enhancement. For this paper, soft clay specimens were prepared by mixing a solution containing Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria, solutions with different concentrations of nutrient salts, and soft clay. Unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on these specimens after they had cured for 28 days in a moisture-controlled environment. These laboratory tests were used to study the chemical reactions, the clay’s strength, and other influencing factors. The results are as follows: (1) directly mixing a S. pasteurii solution, nutrient salts, and soft clay considerably improves the uniformity of the spatial distribution of the bacteria and the nutrients in the soft clay. Directly mixing these constituents promotes the formation of calcium carbonate and greatly simplifies soft clay sample preparation. (2) It is feasible to use MICP to increase the strength of soft clay. Compared to control specimens cured under the same conditions but without introduced nutrients and bacteria solution, the unconfined compressive strength of MICP-treated specimens can be increased by as much as 2.42 times to an unconfined compressive strength of 43.31 kPa. The water content in MICP-treated specimens was significantly reduced by the MICP reactions and in one case decreased from 40% to 30.73%. (3) The strength enhancement of microbially solidified soft clay is the result of two processes: urea hydration catalyzed by enzymes consumes water in the clay and the bacterially precipitated calcite forms in the sediment’s pores. (4) The micro-organism-produced calcite in the soft clay increases the calcite abundance from 0% to as much as 3.5%. (5) The MICP-treated strength of soft clay varies with the concentration of the nutrients provided. For the experimental conditions used for this paper, the optimum concentration of the CaCl2·2H2O and CH4N2O nutrients is 0.5 mol/L.
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Raveh-Amit, Hadas, and Michael Tsesarsky. "Biostimulation in Desert Soils for Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082905.
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Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a soil amelioration technique aiming to mitigate different environmental and engineering concerns, including desertification, soil erosion, and soil liquefaction, among others. The hydrolysis of urea, catalyzed by the microbial enzyme urease, is considered the most efficient microbial pathway for MICP. Biostimulated MICP relies on the enhancement of indigenous urea-hydrolyzing bacteria by providing an appropriate enrichment and precipitation medium, as opposed to bioaugmentation, which requires introducing large volumes of exogenous bacterial cultures into the treated soil along with a growth and precipitation medium. Biostimulated MICP in desert soils is challenging as the total carbon content and the bacterial abundance are considerably low. In this study, we examined the biostimulation potential in soils from the Negev Desert, Israel, for the purpose of mitigation of topsoil erosion in arid environments. Incubating soil samples in urea and enrichment media demonstrated effective urea hydrolysis leading to pH increase, which is necessary for calcite precipitation. Biostimulation rates were found to increase with concentrations of energy (carbon) source in the stimulation media, reaching its maximal levels within 3 to 6 days. Following stimulation, calcium carbonate precipitation was induced by spiking stimulated bacteria in precipitation (CaCl2 enriched) media. The results of our research demonstrate that biostimulated MICP is feasible in the low-carbon, mineral soils of the northern Negev Desert in Israel.
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Saneiyan, Sina, Dimitrios Ntarlagiannis, and Frederick Colwell. "Complex conductivity signatures of microbial induced calcite precipitation, field and laboratory scales." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 3 (October 23, 2020): 1811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa510.
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SUMMARY Soil stabilization processes aim at enhancing soil's engineering properties. Although the concept is straightforward, it involves physical and chemical changes to the subsurface that could result in local environmental changes. Compared to conventional soil stabilization methods (such as cement grouting), bio-mediated soil stabilization, such as microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP), offers the opportunity to minimize environmental impact, but the underlying processes need to be well understood for proper applications. Accurate characterization and long-term monitoring are paramount for the success of soil improvement, especially MICP treatments. Spectral induced polarization (SIP), an established geophysical method, has shown to be sensitive to MICP processes and products (e.g. calcite). In this work, we performed a two-phase study to explore SIP's suitability as a monitoring tool. Phase 1 involved a laboratory scale MICP study under controlled conditions and phase 2 a pilot field scale study. In the laboratory, MICP was induced through the introduction of ureolytic microorganisms, while in the field, indigenous soil microbes were stimulated to promote ureolysis. In both cases, traditional geochemical monitoring, along with spatiotemporally dense SIP monitoring, were performed. Over the course of the laboratory study, SIP successfully tracked the MICP progress as well as the calcite precipitation behaviour. Similarly, the SIP results of the field scale study showed to be sensitive to the subsurface changes in response to MICP. SIP offered spatiotemporally rich information on the MICP progress and process status. The similarity between observed signal trends in the laboratory and field in this study clearly proved that SIP signals from MICP in controlled laboratory environments can be successfully used to study field MICP applications despite scale and complexity differences.
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Liang, Jiaming, Zhengyang Guo, Lijun Deng, and Yang Liu. "Mature fine tailings consolidation through microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 42, no. 11 (November 2015): 975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0069.
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The performance and mechanisms of a microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP)-assisted mature fine tailings (MFT) consolidation method was assessed. Mature fine tailings samples of 35 wt% and 60 wt% were treated with MICP by ureolysis. The undrained shear strength of treated MFT was measured to evaluate the effects of MICP on MFT consolidation. To investigate the surface interaction mechanisms involved in the process, the size and shape of MFT particles were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that ureolysis-driven MICP can accelerate raw MFT consolidation, leaving compact sludge with significantly enhanced shear strength within 24 h of the experiment.
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Kim, Gunjo, Janghwan Kim, and Heejung Youn. "Effect of Temperature, pH, and Reaction Duration on Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081277.
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In this study, the amount of calcite precipitate resulting from microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) was estimated in order to determine the optimal conditions for precipitation. Two microbial species (Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Sporosarcina pasteurii) were tested by varying certain parameters such as (1) initial potential of hydrogen (pH) of urea-CaCl2 medium, (2) temperature during precipitation, and (3) the reaction duration. The pH values used for testing were 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, the temperatures were 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C, and the reaction durations were 2, 3, and 4 days. Maximum calcite precipitation was observed at a pH of 7 and temperature of 30 °C. Most of the precipitation occurred within a reaction duration of 3 days. Under similar conditions, the amount of calcite precipitated by S. saprophyticus was estimated to be five times more than that by S. pasteurii. Both the species were sensitive to temperature; however, S. saprophyticus was less sensitive to pH and required a shorter reaction duration than S. pasteurii.
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Bao, Ruotian, Junhong Li, Lin Li, Teresa J. Cutright, Long Chen, Jiahua Zhu, and Junliang Tao. "Effect of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation on Surface Erosion and Scour of Granular Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2657, no. 1 (January 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2657-02.
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Erosion is relevant to a variety of infrastructure problems such as bridge scour, roadway shoulder erosion, coastal erosion, and riverbank and slope stability. This research investigated the feasibility of using microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) as an erosion countermeasure. MICP is a natural phenomenon in which calcite precipitation occurs as a consequence of microbial metabolic activity. The precipitated calcite modifies the soil fabric and provides an additional bonding force between soil particles. In this paper, a preliminary experimental study on the erosional behavior of MICP-treated sand is presented. A standard soil, Ottawa graded sand, was treated with a bacterium (Sporosarcina pasteurii) in a full-contact reactor-one in which the soil in a fabric mold was fully immersed in the bacteria and cementation solution. The morphologies and crystalline structures of the precipitated calcite in porous sediments were characterized using microscopic imaging techniques. The treated soil samples were tested in a flume to investigate the erosional behavior; both surface erosion and bridge scour tests were conducted. Although the untreated soil is highly erodible, the erosion of the treated sand was found to be negligible under the circumstances of the test; however, some concerns were raised regarding practical applications. Efforts will be made in the future to identify alternative treatment procedures that are more applicable to the field.
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Richardson, Alan, Kathryn A. Coventry, Alan M. Forster, and Chris Jamison. "Surface consolidation of natural stone materials using microbial induced calcite precipitation." Structural Survey 32, no. 3 (July 8, 2014): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-07-2013-0028.
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Purpose – Deterioration in natural stone is associated with many decay mechanisms and often the inherent composition of the materials themselves. Sandstone varies considerably but they all require a cementing matrix to bind amongst others, the silica (SiO2) particles together (Reading, 1989). In calcareous sandstones and limestones this binding matrix is principally calcium carbonate based (Muir, 2006; Reading, 1989; McMillan et al., 1999) in the form of calcite (CaCO3). Friable sandstone substrates and stones suffering from “surface dissolution” or disaggregation (Muir, 2006; Smith et al., 1992) have been traditionally consolidated utilising a host of chemical compounds that had, in many cases negative effects on their long-term performance (Muir, 2006). A principle issue amongst many was moisture entrapment and irreversibility of the consolidants adopted. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper investigates the effect of microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) as a natural treatment for the conservation of historic natural stone substrates. Sporosarcina pasteurii has been proven as a bacterium that can perform MICP effectively in extreme conditions making it the preferred bacterium for the MICP process within this study. Surface treatment experiments were analysed by measuring the mass increase and surface changes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings – The surface treatments showed a noticeable mass increase and observable deposition when viewed using a SEM microscope. Bio cementation of loose sand particles was observed and the degree of cementation was determined using a Moh's hardness test. Research limitations/implications – Recommendations for further work to improve this study are: use an increased Sporosarcina pasteurii cell optical density which would provide a greater calcite output. Carry out a paired comparison initial surface absorption test (BS 1881: Part 208, 1996 or ASTM C 1585-04, 2004). To be carried out on untreated control and MICP samples which would determine the pore blocking effect and surface repair capability of the treated samples. Practical implications – A method for obtaining optimal results in terms of surface treatment would involve reducing the time between mixing and application, this would require having the two reaction constituents mixed only seconds before use. Using a late mix spray application system has the potential to allow the two mixtures to combine in the spray nozzle whilst exiting the apparatus. Originality/value – This paper investigates a safe, natural process for stone repair.
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Peng, Shuquan, Kejia Zhang, Ling Fan, Jingyu Kang, Kang Peng, and Fan Wang. "Permeability Reduction and Electrochemical Impedance of Fractured Rock Grouted by Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation." Geofluids 2020 (December 7, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8876400.
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The poor impermeability of fractured rock induced by excavation and construction is improved through the application of microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP), but it is difficult to monitor and evaluate the permeability reduction under a confining pressure and fracture aperture. For this, the grouting ratio, permeability, and electrochemical impedance of fractured rock with MICP grouting were experimented with, considering the effects of fracture aperture and confining pressure. The equivalent circuit model of grouting-fractured rock is presented, and the corresponding ratio of the electrical resistivity and cross-sectional area of the grouted fracture ( ρ / S ) is indicated by an electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS). The relationships of the permeability coefficient, the ρ / S , and the grouting ratio are analysed. The experimental results show that the Darcy permeability coefficient of fractured rock with MICP grouting is reduced by an order of magnitude of 3 to 4. As fracture aperture ranged from 1.28 to 2.56 mm and grouting rate was 0.003 ml/s, the Darcy permeability coefficient decreased with an increase in confining pressure. The grouting ratio and fracture aperture also decreased with a reduction in ρ / S . The results also showed that the permeability reduction of MICP correspondingly increased in these conditions. What is more, the Darcy permeability coefficient of fractured rock grouted by MICP and its permeability reduction may be well predicted by confining pressure and ρ / S . This study provides a new EIS method for predicting the reduction in permeability of MICP grouting-fractured rock and further enriches the application of MICP and EIS techniques in impermeable rock engineering.
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Song, Chenpeng, and Derek Elsworth. "Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Plugging for Enhanced Oil Recovery." Geofluids 2020 (July 2, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5921789.
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Plugging high-permeability zones within oil reservoirs is a straightforward approach to enhance oil recovery by diverting waterflooding fluids through the lower-permeability oil-saturated zones and thereby increase hydrocarbon displacement by improvements in sweep efficiency. Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC 11859) is a nitrogen-circulating bacterium capable of precipitating calcium carbonate given a calcium ion source and urea. This microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is able to infill the pore spaces of the porous medium and thus can act as a potential microbial plugging agent for enhancing sweep efficiency. The following explores the microscopic characteristics of MICP-plugging and its effectiveness in permeability reduction. We fabricate artificial rock cores composed of Ottawa sand with three separate grain-size fractions which represent large (40/60 mesh sand), intermediate (60/80 mesh sand), and small (80/120 mesh sand) pore sizes. The results indicate a significant reduction in permeability after only short periods of MICP treatment. Specifically, after eight cycles of microbial treatment (about four days), the permeability for the artificial cores representing large, intermediate, and small pore size maximally drop to 47%, 32%, and 16% of individual initial permeabilities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that most of the generated calcium carbonate crystals occur as vaterite with only a small amount of calcite. Imaging by SEM indicates that the pore wall is coated by a calcium carbonate film with crystals of vaterite and calcite scattered on the pore wall and acting to effectively plug the pore space. The distribution pattern and morphology of microbially mediated CaCO3 indicate that MICP has a higher efficiency in plugging pores compared with extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) which are currently the primary microbial plugging agent used to enhance sweep efficiency.
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Hoang, Tung, James Alleman, Bora Cetin, Kaoru Ikuma, and Sun-Gyu Choi. "Sand and silty-sand soil stabilization using bacterial enzyme–induced calcite precipitation (BEICP)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 6 (June 2019): 808–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0191.
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This paper examines the bio-derived stabilization of sand-only or sand-plus-silt soils using an extracted bacterial enzyme application to achieve induced calcite precipitation (ICP). As compared to conventional microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) methods, which use intact bacterial cells, this strategy that uses free urease catalysts to secure bacterial enzyme–induced calcite precipitation (BEICP) appears to offer an improved means of bio-stabilizing silty-sand soils as compared to that of MICP processing. Several benefits may possibly be achieved with this BEICP approach, including bio-safety, environmental, and geotechnical improvements. Notably, the BEICP bio-stabilization results presented in this paper demonstrate (i) higher rates of catalytic urease activity, (ii) a wider range of application with sand-plus-silt soil applications bearing low-plasticity properties, and (iii) the ability to retain higher levels of soil permeability after BEICP processing. Comparative BEICP versus MICP results for sand-only systems are presented, along with BEICP-based results for stabilized soil mixtures at 90:10 and 80:20 percentile sand:silt ratios. This BEICP method’s ability to obtain unconfined compressive strength results in excess of 1000 kPa with sand-plus-silt soil mixtures is particularly noteworthy.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Reena N. Hora, Isaac Ahenkorah, Simon Beecham, Md Rajibul Karim, and Asif Iqbal. "State-of-the-Art Review of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation and Its Sustainability in Engineering Applications." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 6281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156281.
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Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a promising new technology in the area of Civil Engineering with potential to become a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable solution to many problems such as ground improvement, liquefaction remediation, enhancing properties of concrete and so forth. This paper reviews the research and developments over the past 25 years since the first reported application of MICP in 1995. Historical developments in the area, the biological processes involved, the behaviour of improved soils, developments in modelling the behaviour of treated soil and the challenges associated are discussed with a focus on the geotechnical aspects of the problem. The paper also presents an assessment of cost and environmental benefits tied with three application scenarios in pavement construction. It is understood for some applications that at this stage, MICP may not be a cost-effective or even environmentally friendly solution; however, following the latest developments, MICP has the potential to become one.
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Ali, Nawar Aqeel, and Mahdi O. Karkush. "Improvement of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Soft Clay using Microbial Calcite Precipitates." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.03.05.
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The precipitation of calcite induced via microorganisms (MICP) is a technique that has been developed as an innovative sustainable ground improvement method utilizing ureolytic bacteria to soil strengthening and stabilization. Locally isolated Bacillus Sonorensis from Iraqi soil samples were found to have high abilities in producing urease. This study aims to use the MICP technique in improving the undrained shear strength of soft clay soil using two native urease producing bacteria that help in the precipitation of calcite to increase the cementation between soil particles. Three concentrations of each of the locally prepared Bacillus sonorensis are used in this study for cementation reagent (0.25M, 0.5M, and 1M) during the period of treatment. The results showed that the native isolated bacteria have high activity in bindings the soil particles together. The results of unconfined compressive strength tests showed that using MICP helps increase the undrained shear strength of soil by (3-5 times) for C11 types of native isolates, but the D11 was (1.5-2 times) because two types have different activity. This study's main finding is using the native urease-producing bacteria isolated from Iraqi soil in the MICP technique for the biocementation of soil, which is considered one of the sustainable techniques in the construction industry.
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Almajed, Abdullah, Mohammed Abdul Lateef, Arif Ali Baig Moghal, and Kehinde Lemboye. "State-of-the-Art Review of the Applicability and Challenges of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) and Enzyme-Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) Techniques for Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Applications." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040370.
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The development of alternatives to soil stabilization through mechanical and chemical stabilization has paved the way for the development of biostabilization methods. Since its development, researchers have used different bacteria species for soil treatment. Soil treatment through bioremediation techniques has been used to understand its effect on strength parameters and contaminant remediation. Using a living organism for binding the soil grains to make the soil mass dense and durable is the basic idea of soil biotreatment. Bacteria and enzymes are commonly utilized in biostabilization, which is a common method to encourage ureolysis, leading to calcite precipitation in the soil mass. Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) and enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (EICP) techniques are emerging trends in soil stabilization. Unlike conventional methods, these techniques are environmentally friendly and sustainable. This review determines the challenges, applicability, advantages, and disadvantages of MICP and EICP in soil treatment and their role in the improvement of the geotechnical and geoenvironmental properties of soil. It further elaborates on their probable mechanism in improving the soil properties in the natural and lab environments. Moreover, it looks into the effectiveness of biostabilization as a remediation of soil contamination. This review intends to present a hands-on adoptable treatment method for in situ implementation depending on specific site conditions.
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Kim, Yumi, and Yul Roh. "Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation Using Microorganisms Enriched from Calcareous Materials in Marine Environments and Their Metabolites." Minerals 9, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120722.
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Microbially induced Ca-carbonate precipitation (MICP) in general, refers to a process in which the urease secreted by microbes hydrolyzes urea to ammonium and carbon dioxide. The main objectives of this study were to identify the environmental factors (e.g., microbial growth, cell/metabolite presences, and calcium sources) that control Ca-carbonate formation and to investigate the mineralogical characteristics of the Ca-carbonate precipitated using ureolytic microorganisms cultured in marine environments. The two types of carbonate-forming microorganisms (CFMs), mixed cultures hydrolyzing urea, were enriched from calcareous materials in marine environments. The experiments using a CFM, Sporosarcina pasteurii, was also used for comparison. All the microbes were cultured aerobically in D-1 growth media that included urea. To investigate the effect of microbial growth states on Ca-carbonate precipitation, Ca-acetate was injected into the media before (i.e., lag phase) and after (i.e., stationary phase) microbial growth, and into the soluble microbial products (SMP) solution, respectively. XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDS analyses were used for mineralogical characterization of the precipitated Ca-carbonates. Results indicated that the Ca-carbonates, vaterite and/or calcite, precipitated under all the experimental conditions. The fastest precipitation of Ca-carbonates occurred in the SMP solution and formed calcite (size = 5–15 μm). When the concentrations of added Ca-acetate were varied from 0 to 0.5 M, the highest amounts of calcite, 22.8 g/L, were produced when 0.3 M Ca-acetate was injected. Therefore, the environmental factors (e.g., microbial growth, cell/metabolite presences, and calcium sources) could have an effect the rate of formation of Ca-carbonate and the types of carbonate minerals formed. Moreover, the use of cell-free SMP solution is expected to be applicable to Ca-carbonate precipitation in an environment where microbial growth is unfavorable.
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Muthukkumaran, Kasinathan, and Bettadapura Subramanyam Shashank. "Durability of microbially induced calcite precipitation (micp) treated cohesionless soils." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 2, no. 56 (2016): 1946–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.ind-23.
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Deng, Wenni, and Yue Wang. "Investigating the Factors Affecting the Properties of Coral Sand Treated with Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (October 15, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9590653.
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Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) can be used to cement coral sand to improve its engineering properties to protect coastal structures. In this study, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to test the effect of the MICP method by using an ureolytic bacterium (Sporosarcina pasteurii). In order to determine the activity of bacteria, the growth properties of the microbial strain were observed under different culture conditions (different pH and temperature). The effect of partial size distribution and nutrient concentration on the soil permeability and unconfined compressive strength was then examined in coral sand. The results showed that the pH had less effect on the bacteria growth compared to temperature. The bacteria can growth well at pH over 8 and temperature higher than 20°C. The well-degraded soil has higher unconfined compressive strength (1.91–2.61 MPa) than poor-degraded soil (1.31 MPa). The similar trend was also found in permeability reduction. The unconfined compressive strength increased as the biocement solution concentration increased to 1 mol/L and then decreased at 1.5 mol/L.
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Torres-Aravena, Álvaro, Carla Duarte-Nass, Laura Azócar, Rodrigo Mella-Herrera, Mariella Rivas, and David Jeison. "Can Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) through a Ureolytic Pathway Be Successfully Applied for Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewaters?" Crystals 8, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8110438.
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Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) through a ureolytic pathway is a process that promotes calcite precipitation as a result of the urease enzymatic activity of several microorganisms. It has been studied for different technological applications, such as soil bio-consolidation, bio-cementation, CO2 sequestration, among others. Recently, this process has been proposed as a possible process for removing heavy metals from contaminated soils. However, no research has been reported dealing with the MICP process for heavy metal removal from wastewater/waters. This (re)view proposes to consider to such possibility. The main characteristics of MICP are presented and discussed. The precipitation of heavy metals contained in wastewaters/waters via MICP is exanimated based on process characteristics. Moreover, challenges for its successful implementation are discussed, such as the heavy metal tolerance of inoculum, ammonium release as product of urea hydrolysis, and so on. A semi-continuous operation in two steps (cell growth and bio-precipitation) is proposed. Finally, the wastewater from some typical industries releasing heavy metals are examined, discussing the technical barriers and feasibility.
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Saffari, R., E. Nikooee, and G. Habibagahi. "The effect of microbial calcite precipitation on the retention properties of unsaturated fine-grained soils: discussion of the governing factors." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019505009.
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In recent years, biogeotechnology has been introduced as a novel and environmentally friendly technique for soil improvement. The need to address global warming and the adverse environmental effects of the chemical additives have led to the emergence and development of the techniques which use calcite producing microorganisms in order to improve soil mechanical properties. While the effects of microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) on the hydraulics and mechanics of saturated coarse-grained soils have been well examined and studied, there is not yet much information on the effects these microorganisms would have on the unsaturated soil mechanical behaviour. The first step, in this regard, is to understand the effect of the processes involved in the MICP on the soil retention properties. Soil water suction is a key factor controlling soil hydraulic and mechanical behaviour. In this study, the influence of MICP on the soil total suction in an unsaturated fine-grained soil sample has been explored using filter paper experiment. The results of this study revealed that by increasing the amount of bacterial solution, the soil saturation-total suction curves are significantly affected. The soil water retention changes are attributed to the change in double layer thickness as well as the precipitation of calcite crystals.
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Riveros, Guillermo Alexander, and Abouzar Sadrekarimi. "Effect of microbially induced cementation on the instability and critical state behaviours of Fraser River sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 12 (December 2020): 1870–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0514.
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Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a naturally driven biological process that harnesses the natural metabolic action of bacteria to induce the precipitation of calcium carbonate and alter soil engineering properties. This paper presents the results of using MICP to improve the monotonic undrained yield and critical strengths of Fraser River sand specimens. Bacteria called “Sporosarcina ureae” are employed as a ureolytic organism to achieve MICP. The formation of calcite cementation among sand particles is confirmed using scanning electron microscopic images and X-ray compositional analysis of cemented sand clusters. The progress of MICP cementation is assessed by measuring the velocity of a shear wave (VS) traveling through the specimen. The results show that VS starts to increase just as the calcium solution is introduced into each specimen after soaking the samples with the bacterial solution. Improvement in monotonic strength of sand samples is subsequently measured in a series of direct simple shear tests. Due to the combined effects of particle cementation and densification, the sand’s undrained and drained monotonic shearing strengths are significantly enhanced.
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Martinez, Alejandro, Lin Huang, and Michael G. Gomez. "Enhancement of the thermal conductivity of sands via microbially-induced calcite precipitation." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 09011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020509011.
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Energy piles and ground source heat pump systems have been shown to provide sustainable alternatives for temperature regulation in buildings and other applications such as road de-icing. However, their efficiency can be undermined in partially-saturated and dry sandy soils due to the relatively low thermal conductivity (kt) of these materials. Microbially-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) has been demonstrated to be an environmentally-conscious ground improvement technology capable of modifying the engineering properties of sandy soils including increases in shear stiffness and strength and decreases in hydraulic conductivity. These improvements result from the precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals at inter-particle contacts and on particle surfaces. This paper presents results from a soil column study aimed at investigating changes in soil kt during MICP treatments and subsequent desaturation using a poorly- graded sand. The results indicate that while bio-cementation can increase soil kt, the level of enhancement depends on the degree of saturation. For instance, increases of up to 330% were measured under dry conditions while only modest increases of about 15% were measured under saturated conditions. MICP treatment may therefore be most effective at enhancing the kt of partially-saturated and dry sands. In addition, the similarity between the evolution of kt and shear wave velocity (Vs) during MICP treatment suggests that kt may provide a new method to assess cementation level and contact quality.
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Rajasekar, Adharsh, Charles K. S. Moy, Stephen Wilkinson, and Raju Sekar. "Microbially induced calcite precipitation performance of multiple landfill indigenous bacteria compared to a commercially available bacteria in porous media." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): e0254676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254676.
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Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) is currently viewed as one of the potential prominent processes for field applications towards the prevention of soil erosion, healing cracks in bricks, and groundwater contamination. Typically, the bacteria involved in MICP manipulate their environment leading to calcite precipitation with an enzyme such as urease, causing calcite crystals to form on the surface of grains forming cementation bonds between particles that help in reducing soil permeability and increase overall compressive strength. In this paper, the main focus is to study the MICP performance of three indigenous landfill bacteria against a well-known commercially bought MICP bacteria (Bacillus megaterium) using sand columns. In order to check the viability of the method for potential field conditions, the tests were carried out at slightly less favourable environmental conditions, i.e., at temperatures between 15-17°C and without the addition of urease enzymes. Furthermore, the sand was loose without any compaction to imitate real ground conditions. The results showed that the indigenous bacteria yielded similar permeability reduction (4.79 E-05 to 5.65 E-05) and calcium carbonate formation (14.4–14.7%) to the control bacteria (Bacillus megaterium), which had permeability reduction of 4.56 E-5 and CaCO3 of 13.6%. Also, reasonably good unconfined compressive strengths (160–258 kPa) were noted for the indigenous bacteria samples (160 kPa). SEM and XRD showed the variation of biocrystals formation mainly detected as Calcite and Vaterite. Overall, all of the indigenous bacteria performed slightly better than the control bacteria in strength, permeability, and CaCO3 precipitation. In retrospect, this study provides clear evidence that the indigenous bacteria in such environments can provide similar calcite precipitation potential as well-documented bacteria from cell culture banks. Hence, the idea of MICP field application through biostimulation of indigenous bacteria rather than bioaugmentation can become a reality in the near future.
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Phang, Ignatius Ren Kai, Kwong Soon Wong, Yen San Chan, and Sie Yon Lau. "Effect of surcharge load on Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) treatment of tropical peat." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 495 (June 7, 2019): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/495/1/012068.
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Shannoon, Layth K., and Mohammad A. Ibrahim. "Bio-Cementation of Sandy Soil through Bacterial Processing to Precipitate Carbonate." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 23, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.23030225.
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Bio-cement built on microbial induced carbonate precipitation MICP, be able to consolidate the loose grains and can applied for soil reinforcement. In this study, the performing of an ureolytic Sporosarcina Pasteurii for sand stabilization was estimated. The S. Pasteurii Could effectively consolidates sand particles through urea hydrolysis and the successive production of calcite. The bio improved sands had relative great compressive strength after 60 days exposure to bacterial cells injections cycles. The compressive strength of bio stabilized sands was reliant on the utilized cell concentrations and density of urea and CaCl2. High bacteria cell masses decreased the compressive strength. The optimal density of cell, was OD600 0.5, when cost and performance were taken into account. The study shows that bio cementation of sand built on microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has ability for the reduction of sand permeability through pore clogging with precipitated carbonate.
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Vail, Mark, Cheng Zhu, Chao-Sheng Tang, Nate Maute, and Melissa Tababa Montalbo-Lomboy. "Desiccation Cracking Behavior of Clayey Soils Treated with Biocement and Bottom Ash Admixture during Wetting–Drying Cycles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 8 (June 12, 2020): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120924409.
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Desiccation cracking considerably impairs the hydraulic and mechanical properties of clayey soils that are critical to the long-term performance of infrastructure foundations and earth structures. Typical crack remediation methods are associated with high labor and maintenance costs or the use of environmentally unfriendly chemicals. Recycling waste materials and developing biomediated techniques have emerged as green, sustainable soil stabilization solutions. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of soil crack remediation through use of bottom ash admixtures and microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP). We carried out cyclic wetting–drying tests to characterize the effects of bottom ash and MICP on the desiccation cracking behaviors of bentonite soils. Two groups of soil samples that contained different percentages of bottom ash (0%, 20%, 40% by weight) were prepared for cyclic water and MICP treatments, respectively. The desiccation cracking patterns captured by a high-resolution camera were quantified using image processing. We also employed scanning electron microscopy for microstructural characterizations. Experimental results revealed that cyclic water treatment resulted in more cracking, whereas cyclic MICP treatment improved soil strength owing to the precipitation of calcite crystals on the soil particle surface and inside the interparticle pores. Adding bottom ash to bentonite reduced the plasticity of the mixture, promoted the flocculation of clay particles by cation exchange, and also provided soluble calcium to enhance calcite precipitation. This study demonstrates the potential of bottom ash and MICP for crack remediation and brings new insights into the design and assessment of sustainable infrastructures under climate changes.
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Li, Mingdong, Kejun Wen, Yu Li, and Liping Zhu. "Impact of Oxygen Availability on Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) Treatment." Geomicrobiology Journal 35, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2017.1303553.
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Qiu, Rongkang, Huawei Tong, Meixiang Gu, and Jie Yuan. "Strength and Micromechanism Analysis of Microbial Solidified Sand with Carbon Fiber." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 20, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8876617.
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Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is an effective and ecofriendly technology that utilizes the microbes-induced mineralization to improve foundation soils of the transportation infrastructure. The carbon fiber can be used along with the MICP in order to reduce the brittleness of microbial solidified soil. This paper investigated the strength of carbon fiber-reinforced sand with different mass fractions through a series of unconfined compression tests. The effect of fiber content on the solidification of carbon fiber-reinforced sand was quantitatively analyzed using calcium carbonate content test and penetration test. The microsolidification mechanism was investigated by micrographs from the optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The test results showed that unconfined compressive strength generally increased first and then decreased with the increase of the fiber content. The optimal fiber content in the silica and calcareous sand was 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. The bulging deformation of the fiber-reinforced sand sample was gradually developed along with the fiber breakage during loading.
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Misiołek, Katarzyna, Paweł Popielski, and Katarzyna Affek. "Preliminary research for identification of bacteria useful in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400115.
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MICP (Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation) is a new biological method in soil stabilization. This cheap and eco-friendly technique improves strength parameters of the ground such as shear strength and decreases the permeability of gravelly and sandy soil. There are variety of microorganisms that can be used in calcite precipitation. The most popular method is precipitation of calcium carbonate by bacteria. The main purpose of the article is to present the results from Gram staining of bacteria isolated from construction sites, which is the first step of their identification. Gram’s method allows to find out which morphological groups of bacteria are adapted to conditions present in soil from construction sites and therefore are potentially able to produce calcite. The article describes the methodology of isolation, staining and determination of morphological types of bacteria.
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Cheng, Liang, Ralf Cord-Ruwisch, and Mohamed A. Shahin. "Cementation of sand soil by microbially induced calcite precipitation at various degrees of saturation." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 1 (January 2013): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0023.
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A newly emerging microbiological soil stabilization method, known as microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), has been tested for geotechnical engineering applications. MICP is a promising technique that utilizes the metabolic pathways of bacteria to form calcite precipitation throughout the soil matrix, leading to an increase in soil strength and stiffness. This paper investigates the geotechnical properties of sand bio-cemented under different degrees of saturation. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted, including sieve analysis, permeability, unconfined compressive strength, consolidated undrained triaxial, and durability tests. The results indicate that higher soil strength can be obtained at similar CaCO3 content when the treatment is performed under a low degree of saturation. The experimental results are further explained with a mathematical model, which shows that the crystallization efficiency, i.e., actual volume of crystals forming at the contact point where they contribute the most to strength, can be calculated from the degree of saturation and grain size. Fine sand samples exhibited higher cohesion, but lower friction angle than coarse sand samples with similar CaCO3 content. The results also confirm the potential of MICP as a viable alternative technique for soil improvement in many geotechnical engineering applications, including liquefiable sand deposits, slope stabilization, and subgrade reinforcement. The freeze–thaw and acid rain resistance of MICP-treated sand has also been tested.
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Omar, RC, Hairin Taha, R. Roslan, and INZ Baharuddin. "Vege-Grout: a Potential Bio-Grout Material from Vegetable Waste for Bio-Cementation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22897.
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Studies have reported that the calcite precipitation induced by ureolytic bacteria through the hydrolysis of urea was influenced by several important factors including the concentration of calcium ions, the surrounding pH and temperature. Recently, the microbial induced calcite precipitations (MICP) were further explored using natural elements and microorganisms from the environment. Vegetable waste provides a proper substrate for microorganism’s growth and activities. In this study, the calcite forming ability of indigenous bacteria in the vegetable waste was investigated by mixing the extract of vegetable waste known as vege-grout with sandy soil. The vege-grout optimum content was determined by unconfined compression test to find the suitable ratio of vege-grout content. The results showed that there was an increase of compressive strength after 28 days of curing with vege-grout and significant improvement in soil shear strength. SEM and EDX analysis showed aggregation of soil particles and formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Microbiological analysis of vege-grout extract indicated the presence of ureolytic bacteria that could be responsible for the bio-cementation process. ICP-MS analysis showed that the vege-grout contained a rich source of carbon, nitrogen and calcium elements. The findings have demonstrated the potential application of vegetable waste for microbial cementation of soil particles.
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Gebru, Kbrom Alebel, Tekleweyni Gebremicael Kidanemariam, and Haile Kidane Gebretinsae. "Bio-cement production using microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) method: A review." Chemical Engineering Science 238 (July 2021): 116610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2021.116610.
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Xu, Guobin, Yang Tang, Jijian Lian, Yue Yan, and Dengfeng Fu. "Mineralization Process of Biocemented Sand and Impact of Bacteria and Calcium Ions Concentrations on Crystal Morphology." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5301385.
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Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a sustainable technique used to improve sandy soil. Analysis of the mineralization process, as well as different bacterial suspensions and calcium concentrations on the crystal morphology, revealed that the mineralization process included four stages: self-organised hydrolysis of microorganisms, molecular recognition and interface interaction, growth modulation, and epitaxial growth. By increasing bacterial suspensions and calcium concentrations, the crystal morphology changed from hexahedron to oblique polyhedron to ellipsoid; the best crystal structure occurs at OD600 = 1.0 and [Ca2+] = 0.75 mol/l. It should be noted that interfacial hydrogen bonding is the main force that binds the loose sand particles. These results will help in understanding the mechanism of MICP.
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Tang, Yang, Guobin Xu, Yue Yan, Dengfeng Fu, Chunlai Qu, Zilong Li, and Evance Chaima. "Thermal Cracking Analysis of Microbial Cemented Sand under Various Strains Based on the DEM." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7528746.
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Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a novel ground improvement method to increase the strength and stiffness of sand. However, the influences of temperature load on the internal microstructure of microbial cemented sand (MCS) material under the experimented strain have always been a key concern for the extensive application. Three kinds of experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were conducted to explore the composition, shape, and bonding characteristics of physical assemblies in this paper. A precision DEM modelling of MCS, mainly composed of irregular particle modelling and a mesoparameter calibration algorithm, has been proposed for the thermal cracking analysis under various strains (i.e., 1.0‰–3.0‰). Research results indicate that three kinds of bonding (that is sand-calcite, calcite-calcite, and sand-sand) are present in the MCS material. The application of temperature has a superposition effect on the damage of MCS material with increasing strain. Moreover, as the heating duration gradually increases, the effect of thermal rupture produces a distinct quiet period. The length of thermal cracks in the transverse direction increases throughout the heating process.
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Jiang, Ning-Jun, and Kenichi Soga. "Erosional behavior of gravel-sand mixtures stabilized by microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP)." Soils and Foundations 59, no. 3 (June 2019): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2019.02.003.
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Yun, SeongYeol, WooRi Cho, SeungJin Oh, Minah Oh, and Jai-Young Lee. "A study on Recycling of Waste Gypsum Using Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP)." Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment 21, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33768/ksue.2021.21.1.021.
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Vail, Zhu, Tang, Anderson, Moroski, and Montalbo-Lomboy. "Desiccation Cracking Behavior of MICP-Treated Bentonite." Geosciences 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9090385.
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This study aims to characterize the effect of microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) on the desiccation cracking behaviors of compacted calcium bentonite soils. We prepare six groups of samples by mixing bentonites with deionized water, pure bacteria solution, pure cementation solution, and mixed bacteria and cementation solutions at three different percentages. We use an image processing tool to characterize the soil desiccation cracking patterns. Experimental results reveal the influences of fluid type and mixture percentage on the crack evolution and volumetric deformation of bentonite soils. MICP reactions effectively delay the crack initiation and remediate desiccation cracking, as reflected by the decreased geometrical descriptors of the crack pattern such as surface crack ratio. The mixture containing 50% bacteria and 50% cementation solutions maximizes the MICP treatment and works most effectively in lowering the soil cracking potential. This study provides new insights into the desiccation cracking of expansive clayey soils and shows the potential of MICP applications in the crack remediation.
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Yuan, Hua, Guanzhou Ren, Kang Liu, Wei Zheng, and Zhiliang Zhao. "Experimental Study of EICP Combined with Organic Materials for Silt Improvement in the Yellow River Flood Area." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 7678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217678.
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Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an emerging biogeotechnical technique that uses free urease to improve soil. Despite its advantages of eliminating complex microbial cultures and reducing reaction byproducts, its efficiency is considered lower than that of microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) due to the lack of nucleation sites that induce calcium carbonate deposition. To enhance the strengthening efficiency of EICP for fine-grained soils, an improved EICP method that involves adding an appropriate mass concentration of organic materials (skim milk powder, glutinous rice powder, and brown sugar) into urease solution was proposed and applied to reinforce silt in the Yellow River flood area of China. The preferred concentration and ratio of cementation solution and the optimum concentration of each of the organic materials were determined. Then, the reinforcement effect of the improved EICP at the optimum concentration was compared with the control group, and the reinforcement mechanism for this method was discussed. The results show that after the organic material inclusions, soil strength can be enhanced by 33% compared with EICP-treated soil and is nearly four times higher than that of untreated soil. The superiority of this method over traditional EICP and MICP mainly stems from its ability to provide templates and nucleation sites for calcium carbonate deposition and to improve the size, morphology, and structure of calcium carbonate crystals.
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Mohammed, Murtala Hassan, and Ado Yusuf Abdulfatah. "Biochemical Enhancement of Geotechnical Properties of Marginal Soils." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820303010.
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Microbially-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a relatively new and sustainable soil improvement technique. This technique utilizes bio-activity of microorganism to precipitate calcite through metabolic activities of the organisms which decompose urea in to ammonium and carbon dioxide. The carbonate so produced combined with the supplied calcium to precipitate calcite. This calcite improves engineering properties of soil through the formation of coating and bonds between soil particles. Preliminary results have proved the feasibility of the isolated bacteria in MICP treatment technique to improve the engineering properties of marginal soil. The main objective of this study is to determine the preference conditions for effective MICP treatment in improving the soil engineering properties (Unconfined Compressive Strength, California Bearing Ratio and Hydraulic Conductivity) of a typical marginal soil. Variables such as; treatment duration (24, 48, and 72hours), reagent concentration (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75M), and concentration of the isolates (1×105, 1×106, and 1×107cfu/ml) were considered in the MICP treatment. The results suggested that the preference treatment conditions were 72hours treatment duration, 0.75M reagent concentration, and 1×107cfu/ml concentration of the isolates. The corresponding alterations recorded were 94.86KN/m2 (295%) and 30.8% (92.5%) increment for CBR and UCS while 0.93X10-6m/s (78.95%) reduction was recorded for hydraulic conductivity. The calcite content showed a reasonably good comparison with the improvements in the soil engineering properties. The pH of effluents increased during MICP treatment indicating the presence of urease bio-activity.
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Sepúlveda, Sebastián, Carla Duarte-Nass, Mariella Rivas, Laura Azócar, Andrés Ramírez, Javiera Toledo-Alarcón, Leopoldo Gutiérrez, David Jeison, and Álvaro Torres-Aravena. "Testing the Capacity of Staphylococcus equorum for Calcium and Copper Removal through MICP Process." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080905.
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This research focused on the evaluation of the potential use of a soil-isolated bacteria, identified as Staphylococcus equorum, for microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) and copper removal. Isolated bacteria were characterized considering growth rate, urease activity, calcium carbonate precipitation, copper tolerance as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and copper precipitation. Results were compared with Sporosarcina pasteurii, which is considered a model bacteria strain for MICP processes. The results indicated that the S. equorum strain had lower urease activity, calcium removal capacity and copper tolerance than the S. pasteurii strain. However, the culture conditions tested in this study did not consider the halophilic feature of the S. equorum, which could make it a promising bacterial strain to be applied in process water from mining operations when seawater is used as process water. On the other hand, copper removal was insufficient when applying any of the bacteria strains evaluated, most likely due to the formation of a copper–ammonia complex. Thus, the implementation of S. equorum for copper removal needs to be further studied, considering the optimization of culture conditions, which may promote better performance when considering calcium, copper or other metals precipitation.
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Syarif, Firman, Gian Mahadika Davino, and Muhammad Ferry Ardianto. "Penerapan Teknik Biocementation Oleh Bacillus Subtilis Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Permeabilitas Pada Tanah Organik." JURNAL SAINTIS 20, no. 01 (April 29, 2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/saintis.2020.vol20(01).4809.
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(ID) Indonesia memiliki persentase area rawa dan gambut yang sangat besar. Kurang lebih 30% lahan di Indonesia adalah daerah rawa/gambut. Di Pulau Sumatera, Provinsi dengan lahan gambut terluas yaitu Provinsi Riau dengan luas ± 4, 04 juta Ha atau 56, 1% dari luas total lahan gambut di Sumatera. Siak merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Riau yang memiliki daerah gambut yang cukup luas. Keberadaan daerah gambut ini menyebabkan pengembangan infrastruktur di Desa Suak Merambai menjadi terhambat karena tingkat kesulitan yang tinggi dalam proses konstruksi di daerah rawa. Beberapa metode perbaikan tanah telah diterapkan pada tanah gambut berupa perbaikan tanah secara fisik, mekanis maupun kimia. Salah satu metode perbaikan tanah yang mulai berkembang saat ini adalah Bio Grouting. Bio Grouting telah dikembangkan sebagai teknologi perbaikan tanah baru yang sistem kerjanya seperti semen pada beton sehingga mampu mengikat partikel tanah melalui bantuan aktivitas biologi. Bio Grouting ini dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik (kekuatan, kekakuan, kohesi, gesekan), menurunkan permeabilitas bahan berpori, memperkuat atau memperbaiki dan memodifikasi sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah. Sistem kerja Bio Grouting adalah pengendapan Calcite oleh induksi microbiology, microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), yang dilakukan oleh bakteri penghasil enzim urease. Teknik microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) / Bio Grouting ini akan coba diterapkan pada tanah gambut sehingga dapat memperbaiki sifat permeabilitas dari tanah gambut. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan permasalahan kontruksi diatas tanah gambut dapat diminimalisir dan menjadi salah satu solusi yang ramah lingkungan yang bisa membantu pengembangan infrastruktur di Desa Suak Merambai Kecamatan Bungaraya Kabupaten Siak Provinsi Riau.
(EN) Indonesia has a very large percentage of swamp and peat area. About 30% of the land in Indonesia is swamp / peat. On the island of Sumatra, the province with the most extensive peatlands is Riau Province with an area of ± 4, 04 million Ha or 56.1% of the total area of peatlands in Sumatra. Siak is one of the regencies in Riau which has quite extensive peat areas. The existence of this peat area causes the development of infrastructure in the Village of Suak Merambai to be hampered due to the high level of difficulty in the construction process in the swampy area. Several soil improvement methods have been applied to peat soils in the form of physical, mechanical or chemical soil improvements. One method of soil improvement that is starting to develop now is Bio Grouting. Bio Grouting has been developed as a new soil improvement technology that works like cement on concrete so that it can bind soil particles through the help of biological activities. Bio Grouting can improve mechanical properties (strength, stiffness, cohesion, friction), reduce permeability of porous materials, strengthen or improve and modify the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The work system of Bio Grouting is the deposition of Calcite by induction of microbiology, microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), which is carried out by the bacteria producing the urease enzyme. This microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) / Bio Grouting technique will try to be applied to peat so as to improve the permeability of peat soil. Through this research, it is expected that construction problems on peatlands can be minimized and become one of the environmentally friendly solutions that can help infrastructure development in Suak Merambai Village, Bungaraya District, Siak Regency, Riau Province.
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Phillips, A. J., E. Troyer, R. Hiebert, C. Kirkland, R. Gerlach, A. B. Cunningham, L. Spangler, J. Kirksey, W. Rowe, and R. Esposito. "Enhancing wellbore cement integrity with microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP): A field scale demonstration." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 171 (December 2018): 1141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.08.012.
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Wang, Zhaoyu, Nan Zhang, Jinhua Ding, Qi Li, and Junhao Xu. "Thermal conductivity of sands treated with microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) and model prediction." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 147 (February 2020): 118899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118899.
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Liu, Bo, Cheng Zhu, Chao-Sheng Tang, Yue-Han Xie, Li-Yang Yin, Qing Cheng, and Bin Shi. "Bio-remediation of desiccation cracking in clayey soils through microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP)." Engineering Geology 264 (January 2020): 105389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105389.
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Zhao, Jitong, Huawei Tong, Yi Shan, Jie Yuan, Qiuwang Peng, and Junling Liang. "Effects of Different Types of Fibers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of MICP-Treated Calcareous Sand." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020268.
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Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been a promising method to improve geotechnical engineering properties through the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the contact and surface of soil particles in recent years. In the present experiment, water absorption and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were carried out to investigate the effects of three different fiber types (glass fiber, polyester fiber, and hemp fiber) on the physical and mechanical properties of MICP-treated calcareous sand. The fibers used were at 0%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, and 0.40% relative to the weight of the sand. The results showed that the failure strain and ductility of the samples could be improved by adding fibers. Compared to biocemented sand (BS), the water absorption of these three fiber-reinforced biocemented sands were, respectively, decreased by 11.60%, 21.18%, and 7.29%. UCS was, respectively, increased by 24.20%, 60.76%, and 6.40%. Polyester fiber produced the best effect, followed by glass fiber and hemp fiber. The optimum contents of glass fiber and polyester fiber were 0.20% and 0.25%, respectively. The optimum content of hemp fiber was within the range of 0.20–0.25%. Light-emitting diode (LED) microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images lead to the conclusion that only a little calcite precipitation had occurred around the hemp fiber, leading to a poor bonding effect compared to the glass and polyester fibers. It was therefore suggested that polyester fiber should be used to improve the properties of biocemented sand.
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Zhao, Jitong, Huawei Tong, Yi Shan, Jie Yuan, Qiuwang Peng, and Junling Liang. "Effects of Different Types of Fibers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of MICP-Treated Calcareous Sand." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020268.
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Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been a promising method to improve geotechnical engineering properties through the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the contact and surface of soil particles in recent years. In the present experiment, water absorption and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were carried out to investigate the effects of three different fiber types (glass fiber, polyester fiber, and hemp fiber) on the physical and mechanical properties of MICP-treated calcareous sand. The fibers used were at 0%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, and 0.40% relative to the weight of the sand. The results showed that the failure strain and ductility of the samples could be improved by adding fibers. Compared to biocemented sand (BS), the water absorption of these three fiber-reinforced biocemented sands were, respectively, decreased by 11.60%, 21.18%, and 7.29%. UCS was, respectively, increased by 24.20%, 60.76%, and 6.40%. Polyester fiber produced the best effect, followed by glass fiber and hemp fiber. The optimum contents of glass fiber and polyester fiber were 0.20% and 0.25%, respectively. The optimum content of hemp fiber was within the range of 0.20–0.25%. Light-emitting diode (LED) microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images lead to the conclusion that only a little calcite precipitation had occurred around the hemp fiber, leading to a poor bonding effect compared to the glass and polyester fibers. It was therefore suggested that polyester fiber should be used to improve the properties of biocemented sand.
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Pacheco, Vinicius Luiz, Igor Decol, and Antonio Thomé. "ANÁLISE DA RESISTÊNCIA DE SOLO ARENOSO ATRAVÉS DO ENSAIO DE PLACA APÓS A APLICAÇÃO DA TÉCNICA DE BIOCIMENTAÇÃO – MICROBIALLY INDUCED CALCITE PRECIPITATION." Revista CIATEC-UPF 10, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/ciatec.v10i2.8219.
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Devido ao avanço econômico e infraestrutural o aproveitamento de áreas e materiais sustentáveis é necessária, considerando os materiais que possuam propriedades físico-mecânicas necessárias a respectiva empregabilidade em obras de Engenharia. Correlacionando a área da Engenharia Geotécnica, a técnica de melhoramento do solo através da adição de cimento, torna-se inadequada em relação a emissão de CO_2 na atmosfera durante o processo de fabricação do cimento. Assim, outras técnicas de melhoramento de solo são objetivos de estudos, tais quais a MICP (Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation), na qual realiza um estímulo bacteriano, principalmente das bactérias do tipo Bacillus Pasteurii através da injeção de alimento aos microrganismos presentes no solo, formando assim carbonato de cálcio e por consequência provendo ao solo um aumento da capacidade de carga, através do fenômeno de formação de calcita. Tem-se por objetivo avaliar o comportamento do solo arenoso, formado pela areia de Osório em relação à aplicação da técnica MICP. Mensura-se então tal tratamento através de ensaios de capacidade de carga, no caso em questão utiliza-se o Ensaio de Placa, para obtenção da deformação e ganho de resistência do solo em estudo.
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Dzulkifli, NA, RC Omar, Fathoni Usman, Hairin Taha, and KA Sanusi. "Compressive Strength of Vege-Grout Bricks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22902.
Full textAbstract:
Brick is one of largest material used in construction of infrastructure all over the world. A conventional bricks such as clay brick and concrete brick are produced from clay with high temperature kiln firing and from ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete respectively. Both of this activities lead to CO2 emission. The burning process requires high temperature at the same time release carbon dioxide and pollute the environment. At present, carbon emissions has become a crucial issues in the society that must be solved. Several studies had demonstrated that brick can be produced from bacteria based on Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP). The objective of this study is to develop cement free- brick from vegetables waste with added eggshell as calcium additive to induce biocementation of brick. Brick specimen was cast in the mould size 210 x 90 x 65 mm and casting for 28 days. The study showed that there was an increased in compressive strength up to 0.062 N/mm2 as the curing period increased to 28 days which showed the occurrence of biocementation activities. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the presence of calcite precipitation. The result indicated that vege-grout can be used as binding agent for biocementation to produce bricks.
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Nassar, Mohamed K., Deviyani Gurung, Mehrdad Bastani, Timothy R. Ginn, Babak Shafei, Michael G. Gomez, Charles M. R. Graddy, Doug C. Nelson, and Jason T. DeJong. "Large‐Scale Experiments in Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP): Reactive Transport Model Development and Prediction." Water Resources Research 54, no. 1 (January 2018): 480–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017wr021488.
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Gomez, Michael G., Jason T. DeJong, and Collin M. Anderson. "Effect of bio-cementation on geophysical and cone penetration measurements in sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 11 (November 2018): 1632–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0253.
Full textAbstract:
Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a potentially environmentally conscious ground improvement method that can improve the engineering properties of granular soils through the precipitation of calcite. In this study, an experiment involving two 1.7 m diameter tank specimens was completed to investigate the effect of bio-cementation on cone penetrometer and geophysical measurements in sands. Following nonuniform bio-cementation treatments, specimens achieved calcite contents ranging from 0.5% to 5.3% by mass, shear wave velocity (Vs) values between 131 and 967 m/s, and mid-depth cone penetration resistances (qc) ranging between 3.6 and 32.1 MPa. At calcite contents exceeding 5.0%, qcand Vsimprovements were as high as 527% and 686%, respectively. Although cone penetration resistance, sleeve friction, and friction ratio measurements exhibited limited sensitivity to bio-cementation at calcite contents of less than 3.0%, Vsmeasurements successfully detected bio-cementation at calcite contents near 1.0%. When qcand Vsmeasurements were compared at similar locations, increases in an empirical parameter (KG) enabled improved detection of bio-cementation at calcite contents near 0.5%. Large increases in normalized tip resistances (Qtn) and small decreases in normalized friction ratios (Fr) with increasing bio-cementation resulted in cemented materials plotting near and within the gravelly sand and sand-like dilative soil behavioral type regions using two soil behavior type (SBT) charts.
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Liu, Lu, Hanlong Liu, Armin W. Stuedlein, T. Matthew Evans, and Yang Xiao. "Strength, stiffness, and microstructure characteristics of biocemented calcareous sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 10 (October 2019): 1502–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Calcareous sands are known as problematic soils in nature and challenge geotechnical engineers in many practical projects. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is an innovative soil improvement technique that uses biomineralisation processes to induce cementation in-situ. The work described in this paper investigates the strength, deformation, and microstructure characteristics of biocemented calcareous sand under different cementation solution to sample volume ratios. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted, including unconfined compressive strength tests, splitting, tensile (i.e., Brazilian) strength tests, and consolidated drained triaxial tests. The results indicate that an exponential function reasonably describes the unconfined compressive strength and splitting tensile strength with increasing cementation solution to sample volume ratios. The tangent modulus at 50% peak strength increases exponentially with an increase in cementation solution to sample volume ratio, whereas it increases linearly with an increase in strength. The strength parameters for this MICP-improved soil, including the peak cohesion and friction angle, are derived to facilitate engineering design. Microstructure analyses are used to illustrate the physical basis for the increase in strength and stiffness with increases in the calcite content, as demonstrated using the cementation solution to sample volume ratio.