Journal articles: 'Microbial inhibition'

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Mulchandani, A., and J. H. T. Luong. "Microbial inhibition kinetics revisited." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 11, no. 2 (February 1989): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(89)90062-8.

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Zainol, Norazwina, Amirah Ya’acob, Putri Nurul Yasmin Mohd Ridza, Siti Hatijah Mortan, and Kamaliah Abdul Samad. "Evaluation of Factors Affecting Microbial Growth Inhibition and Optimization Using Pineapple Leaves Juice." Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 3 (May 25, 2022): 2097–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.3.19.

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This study optimized microbial growth inhibition conditions using pineapple leaf juice (PLJ). The sugarcane press machine was used to press the PLJ. The study considered four factors to be analyzed by Two-level factorial design (TLFD), which are microbial inhibition time (0.5–5 h), the concentration of total phenolic content (TPC) (0.2563–0.5127 mg GAE/ mL), temperature (26–37 °C), and the ratio of PLJ to microbe (PLJ/M) (v/v) (1:1 and 1:3). Colony-forming unit (CFU) method was employed to measure microbial growth inhibition. The microbial growth inhibition was expressed as a percent in terms of CFU/mL. A central composite design (CCD) experimental design created using response surface methodology (RSM) determined the optimum temperature (35–39 °C) and microbial inhibition time (10–50 min) of microbial growth inhibition. The best conditions were 0.5 h of microbial inhibition time, 0.5127 mg GAE/mL of TPC, 1:1 PLJ/M, and a temperature of 37 °C. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that temperature (Factor C) has the greatest contribution (1.56%) to inhibiting microbial growth, accompanied by TPC concentration in PLJ (Factor B) with 1.27%, microbial inhibition time (Factor A) with 1.07% and PLJ/M (Factor D) 0.29%. Optimization studies show that at an optimum temperature of 37 °C and an inhibition time of 34.25 min, maximum microbial growth inhibition of 94.73% with a minimum value of 9.12×104 CFU/mL was achieved. This research suggests that PLJ can be utilized as a value-added natural product for application in the agricultural sector.

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Kodeš, Zdeněk, Alena Čejková, and Irena Kolouchová. "Possibilities of Microbial Biofilm Inhibition." Chemické listy 116, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220335.

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Microbial biofilm is a major source of problems and microbial contamination across the industrial production, for example in pharmacy, agriculture or food industry, but also in healthcare. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the inhibition of its formation or eradication of the already formed biofilm. There are many ways to achieve this goal. This review article focuses on the use of chemical disinfectants, antibiotics or biologically active natural substances.

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Bibel, Debra Jan, Raza Aly, and Henry R. Shinefield. "Inhibition of microbial adherence by sphinganine." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 983–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-158.

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Sphingosines (precursors and degeneration products of complex sphingolipids) are mediators in membrane second-messenger cascades and in a wide variety of functions in eukaryotic cells. Sphingosines are also lethal for gram-positive microorganisms. In addition to its direct effect, sphinganine is here reported to affect the adherence of Streptococcus mitis to buccal epithelial cells and of Staphylococcus aureus to nasal mucosal cells after incubation for 90 min at 37 °C. When the bacteria were pretreated with 8.1, 16.2, 32.5, or (for Strep. mitis) 65 μM sphinganine for 60 min at 37 °C, adherence counts were reduced for Staph. aureus by 27, 37, and 60% and for Strep. mitis by 19, 44, 54, and 73%, respectively (p < 0.001). In contrast, pretreatment of buccal cells with 81.2 μM lipid increased adherence by 14% (p < 0.01), but no change occurred at either 16.2 or 325 μM lipid. These results further demonstrate the double-edged ability of sphingosines to regulate cellular activities and their potential as multifunctional therapeutic agents for infectious diseases. Key words: adherence, sphingosine, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis.

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Tan, Yunhu, Zhi-Xin Wang, and Kevin C. Marshall. "Modeling substrate inhibition of microbial growth." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 52, no. 5 (March 26, 2000): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19961205)52:5<602::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-n.

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Das, Subhashis, Rajnish Kaur Calay, Ranjana Chowdhury, Kaustav Nath, and Fasil Ejigu Eregno. "Product Inhibition of Biological Hydrogen Production in Batch Reactors." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061318.

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In this paper, the inhibitory effects of added hydrogen in reactor headspace on fermentative hydrogen production from acidogenesis of glucose by a bacterium, Clostridium acetobutylicum, was investigated experimentally in a batch reactor. It was observed that hydrogen itself became an acute inhibitor of hydrogen production if it accumulated excessively in the reactor headspace. A mathematical model to simulate and predict biological hydrogen production process was developed. The Monod model, which is a simple growth model, was modified to take inhibition kinetics on microbial growth into account. The modified model was then used to investigate the effect of hydrogen concentration on microbial growth and production rate of hydrogen. The inhibition was moderate as hydrogen concentration increased from 10% to 30% (v/v). However, a strong inhibition in microbial growth and hydrogen production rate was observed as the addition of H2 increased from 30% to 40% (v/v). Practically, an extended lag in microbial growth and considerably low hydrogen production rate were detected when 50% (v/v) of the reactor headspace was filled with hydrogen. The maximum specific growth rate (µmax), substrate saturation constant (ks), a critical hydrogen concentration at which microbial growth ceased (H2*) and degree of inhibition were found to be 0.976 h−1, 0.63 ± 0.01 gL, 24.74 mM, and 0.4786, respectively.

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Tejirian, Ani, and Feng Xu. "Inhibition of Cellulase-Catalyzed Lignocellulosic Hydrolysis by Iron and Oxidative Metal Ions and Complexes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 23 (October 1, 2010): 7673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01376-10.

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ABSTRACT Enzymatic lignocellulose hydrolysis plays a key role in microbially driven carbon cycling and energy conversion and holds promise for bio-based energy and chemical industries. Cellulases (key lignocellulose-active enzymes) are prone to interference from various noncellulosic substances (e.g., metal ions). During natural cellulolysis, these substances may arise from other microbial activities or abiotic events, and during industrial cellulolysis, they may be derived from biomass feedstocks or upstream treatments. Knowledge about cellulolysis-inhibiting reactions is of importance for the microbiology of natural biomass degradation and the development of biomass conversion technology. Different metal ions, including those native to microbial activity or employed for biomass pretreatments, are often tested for enzymatic cellulolysis. Only a few metal ions act as inhibitors of cellulases, which include ferrous and ferric ions as well as cupric ion. In this study, we showed inhibition by ferrous/ferric ions as part of a more general effect from oxidative (or redox-active) metal ions and their complexes. The correlation between inhibition and oxidation potential indicated the oxidative nature of the inhibition, and the dependence on air established the catalytic role that iron ions played in mediating the dioxygen inhibition of cellulolysis. Individual cellulases showed different susceptibilities to inhibition. It is likely that the inhibition exerted its effect more on cellulose than on cellulase. Strong iron ion chelators and polyethylene glycols could mitigate the inhibition. Potential microbiological and industrial implications of the observed effect of redox-active metal ions on enzymatic cellulolysis, as well as the prevention and mitigation of this effect in industrial biomass conversion, are discussed.

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LÃ¯Â¿Â½ttge, Andreas, and Pamela G. Conrad. "Direct Observation of Microbial Inhibition of Calcite Dissolution." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1627-1632.2004.

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ABSTRACT Vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) provides a method for quantification of surface topography at the angstrom to nanometer level. Time-dependent VSI measurements can be used to study the surface-normal retreat across crystal and other solid surfaces during dissolution or corrosion processes. Therefore, VSI can be used to directly and nondestructively measure mineral dissolution rates with high precision. We have used this method to compare the abiotic dissolution behavior of a representative calcite (CaCO3) cleavage face with that observed upon addition of an environmental microbe, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, to the crystal surface. From our direct observations, we have concluded that the presence of the microbes results in a significant inhibition of the rate of calcite dissolution. This inhibition appears to be a 2nd-order effect that is related to the formation of etch pits. The opening of etch pits was greatly inhibited in the presence of added bacteria, suggesting that the bacterial cells exert their effect by inhibiting the formation of etch pits at high-energy sites at the crystal surface caused by lattice defects, e.g., screw or point dislocations. The experimental methodology thus provides a nondestructive, directly quantifiable, and easily visualized view of the interactions of microbes and minerals during weathering (or corrosion) processes or during mineral precipitation.

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Xu, Fengling, Zhenghui Qiu, Ri Qiu, Jiadong Yang, and Cunguo Lin. "Zwitterionic molecule layer for inhibiting microbial corrosion of copper alloy." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 65, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-12-2016-1744.

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Purpose For mitigating biocorrosion induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in seawater, the zwitterionic molecule layer (ZML) of poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) is grafted onto B10 surface by chemical vapor deposition and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Design/methodology/approach Energy-dispersive spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and static contact angle measurements are used to characterize the as-formed layer. Findings After surface modification, B10 can significantly reduce SRB adhesion, demonstrating the good antifouling property. Further, the biocorrosion inhibition is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, indicating that ZML exhibits high resistance to biocorrosion with inhibition efficiency of approximately 90 per cent. Originality/value ZML performs a dual feature, i.e. antifouling film and corrosion inhibitor, for the biocorrosion inhibition.

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Bhatt, Aadra P., Samuel J. Pellock, Kristen A. Biernat, William G. Walton, Bret D. Wallace, Benjamin C. Creekmore, Marine M. Letertre, et al. "Targeted inhibition of gut bacterial β-glucuronidase activity enhances anticancer drug efficacy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 13 (March 13, 2020): 7374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918095117.

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Irinotecan treats a range of solid tumors, but its effectiveness is severely limited by gastrointestinal (GI) tract toxicity caused by gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes. Targeted bacterial GUS inhibitors have been shown to partially alleviate irinotecan-induced GI tract damage and resultant diarrhea in mice. Here, we unravel the mechanistic basis for GI protection by gut microbial GUS inhibitors using in vivo models. We use in vitro, in fimo, and in vivo models to determine whether GUS inhibition alters the anticancer efficacy of irinotecan. We demonstrate that a single dose of irinotecan increases GI bacterial GUS activity in 1 d and reduces intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in 5 d, both blocked by a single dose of a GUS inhibitor. In a tumor xenograft model, GUS inhibition prevents intestinal toxicity and maintains the antitumor efficacy of irinotecan. Remarkably, GUS inhibitor also effectively blocks the striking irinotecan-induced bloom of Enterobacteriaceae in immune-deficient mice. In a genetically engineered mouse model of cancer, GUS inhibition alleviates gut damage, improves survival, and does not alter gut microbial composition; however, by allowing dose intensification, it dramatically improves irinotecan’s effectiveness, reducing tumors to a fraction of that achieved by irinotecan alone, while simultaneously promoting epithelial regeneration. These results indicate that targeted gut microbial enzyme inhibitors can improve cancer chemotherapeutic outcomes by protecting the gut epithelium from microbial dysbiosis and proliferative crypt damage.

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Zhang, Hao, and Gang Lin. "Microbial proteasomes as drug targets." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): e1010058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010058.

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Proteasomes are compartmentalized, ATP-dependent, N-terminal nucleophile hydrolases that play essentials roles in intracellular protein turnover. They are present in all 3 kingdoms. Pharmacological inhibition of proteasomes is detrimental to cell viability. Proteasome inhibitor rugs revolutionize the treatment of multiple myeloma. Proteasomes in pathogenic microbes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), and other parasites and worms have been validated as therapeutic targets. Starting with Mtb proteasome, efforts in developing inhibitors selective for microbial proteasomes have made great progress lately. In this review, we describe the strategies and pharmacophores that have been used in developing proteasome inhibitors with potency and selectivity that spare human proteasomes and highlight the development of clinical proteasome inhibitor candidates for treatment of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and therapeutical potentials of the microbial proteasome inhibitors.

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Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E., Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Hany F. Ellakany, Ahmed R. Elbestawy, Samar S. Abaza, Amr M. Geneedy, Asmaa F. Khafaga, et al. "Inhibition of microbial pathogens in farmed fish." Marine Pollution Bulletin 183 (October 2022): 114003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114003.

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Suzuki, Keitarou, Tariq Siddique, Hitomi Nishimura, Junji Sekimoto, and Masaru Uyeda. "Inhibition of Dna Topoisomerases by Microbial Inhibitors." Journal of Enzyme Inhibition 13, no. 1 (January 1998): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14756369809035826.

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Giladi, Moshe, Yaara Porat, Alexandra Blatt, Yoram Wasserman, Eilon D. Kirson, Erez Dekel, and Yoram Palti. "Microbial Growth Inhibition by Alternating Electric Fields." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 10 (July 28, 2008): 3517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00673-08.

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ABSTRACT Weak electric currents generated using conductive electrodes have been shown to increase the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms, a phenomenon termed “the bioelectric effect.” The purposes of the present study were (i) to find out whether insulated electrodes that generate electric fields without “ohmic” electric currents, and thus are not associated with the formation of metal ions and free radicals, can inhibit the growth of planktonic bacteria and (ii) to define the parameters that are most effective against bacterial growth. The results obtained indicate that electric fields generated using insulated electrodes can inhibit the growth of planktonic Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and that the effect is amplitude and frequency dependent, with a maximum at 10 MHz. The combined effect of the electric field and chloramphenicol was found to be additive. Several possible mechanisms underlying the observed effect, as well as its potential clinical uses, are discussed.

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Hesselink, Paul G. M., Antonius Kerkenaar, and Bernard Witholt. "Inhibition of microbial cholesterol oxidases by dimethylmorpholines." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 35, no. 1 (January 1990): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4731(90)90153-j.

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de Jesus, E. B., L. R. P. de Andrade Lima, L. A. Bernardez, and P. F. Almeida. "INHIBITION OF MICROBIAL SULFATE REDUCTION BY MOLYBDATE." Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas 9, no. 3 (October 7, 2015): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2015-0010.

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P. Tegos, George, Mark Haynes, J. Jacob Strouse, Mohiuddin Md. T. Khan, Cristian G. Bologa, Tudor I. Oprea, and Larry A. Sklar. "Microbial Efflux Pump Inhibition: Tactics and Strategies." Current Pharmaceutical Design 17, no. 13 (May 1, 2011): 1291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211795703726.

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ROY, A. K., and H. K. CHOURASIA. "Inhibition of aflatoxins production by microbial interaction." Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 36, no. 1 (1990): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2323/jgam.36.59.

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Slaughter, Deanne C., Richard E. Macur, and William P. Inskeep. "Inhibition of microbial arsenate reduction by phosphate." Microbiological Research 167, no. 3 (March 2012): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2011.05.007.

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Tayel, Ahmed A., Shaaban Moussa, Klaus Opwis, Dierk Knittel, Eckhard Schollmeyer, and A. Nickisch-Hartfiel. "Inhibition of microbial pathogens by fungal chitosan." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 47, no. 1 (July 2010): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.04.005.

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Kim, Hyun-Woo, Joo-Youn Nam, and Hang-Sik Shin. "Ammonia inhibition and microbial adaptation in continuous single-chamber microbial fuel cells." Journal of Power Sources 196, no. 15 (August 2011): 6210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.03.061.

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Föh, Bandik, Jana Sophia Buhre, Hanna B. Lunding, Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez, Peter König, Christian Sina, Senad Divanovic, and Marc Ehlers. "Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes induction of IL-10+IgM+ plasma cells." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 25, 2022): e0266071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266071.

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The microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid butyrate is a central inhibitor of inflammatory innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that butyrate induces differentiation of IL-10-producing (IL-10+) regulatory B cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of butyrate-driven modulation of B cell differentiation are not fully defined. Given the dominant role of regulatory plasma cells (PCs) as the main source of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and the observation that butyrate also induces the differentiation of PCs, we here investigated the effect of the microbial metabolite butyrate on the induction of regulatory IL-10+ PCs and underlying mechanisms. Here we show that butyrate induces the differentiation of IL-10+IgM+ PCs. Ex vivo, butyrate, but hardly propionate, another microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid, induced the differentiation of IL-10+IgM+ CD138high PCs from isolated splenic murine B cells. In vivo, administration of butyrate via drinking water or by daily intraperitoneal injection increased the number of IL-10+IgM+ CD138high PCs in the spleens of Ovalbumin (Ova)/complete Freund’s adjuvant-immunized mice. The induction of these regulatory PCs was associated with an increase of anti-Ova IgM, but a reduction of anti-Ova class-switched pathogenic IgG2b serum antibodies. Based on the knowledge that butyrate inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs) thereby increasing histone acetylation, we identified here that HDAC3 inhibition was sufficient to induce PC differentiation and IL-10+ expression. Furthermore, reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels following butyrate treatment and HDAC3 inhibition were necessary for PC differentiation, but not IL-10 expression. In summary, the microbial metabolite butyrate promotes the differentiation of IgM+ PCs and their expression of IL-10. HDAC3 inhibition may be involved as an underlying pathway for both PC differentiation and IL-10 expression, while reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels are crucial only for PC differentiation. The induction of regulatory IL-10+IgM+ PCs and the inhibition of class switching to antigen-specific pathogenic IgG subclasses might represent important pathways of butyrate to limit inflammation.

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Grooters, Mariël, Kerstin Harneit, Marcel Wöllbrink, Wolfgang Sand, Reinhard Stadler, and Wolfram Fürbeth. "Novel Steel Corrosion Protection by Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) – Biofilm-Induced Corrosion Inhibition." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.375.

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Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) of steel has gained increasing attention in recent years because the damage caused by this process is a significant cost factor for industry. Consequently, inhibition of corrosion and especially the development of corrosion protective films is an important present-day research topic. In this connection, application of microbially produced EPS for mitigating steel corrosion is an innovative idea. However, observations of ”protective” biofilms on metallic surfaces have been previously reported. Their inhibiting effect is generally thought to be caused by oxygen depletion or the formation of passivating layers. In contrast to many conventional corrosion protective methods, EPS or EPS-derived agents would be a cheap and environmentally friendly solution. Extensive research activities are still required, before biofilms or cell-free EPS can be used for corrosion protection on larger scale. In this study, we are developing a novel EPS-based corrosion protection method for unalloyed and corrosion resistant steel in aqueous media, which is based upon the application of microbial metabolic products. EPS of various sulfatereducing bacteria and other microorganisms are investigated for their inhibiting effect. The extent of such inhibition is evaluated in a model test system, in which different steels are subjected to corrosive conditions under sulfate-reducing conditions. To elucidate the protective mechanisms, comparative analyses of the chemical composition of the applied EPS are performed.

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Baker, S. K. "Rumen methanogens, and inhibition of methanogenesis." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 8 (1999): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99005.

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Methane-producing archaea (known as methanogens) are a distinct group of organisms which are a normal component of the rumen microbial ecosystem. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are the principal substrates used by rumen methanogens to produce methane (CH4). Because hydrogen and formate are products of fermentation by other microorganisms in the rumen, inhibition of fermentation by other members of the rumen microbial population may in turn inhibit methanogenesis. As well, compounds that inhibit the activity of methanogens directly are likely to reduce or eliminate CH4 production. A strong inverse relationship between the molar proportion of propionate and CH4 production is predicted from knowledge of the interactions among microbial populations in the rumen, and compounds that promote greater production of propionate in the rumen may also have the effect of decreasing CH4 production. Although a wide range of ionophores, antibiotics, and other compounds have been evaluated in vivo and in vitro for their influence on rumen microbial populations and on propionate production, re-evaluation of some of these has been prompted by a search for compounds that both enhance propionate production and decrease production. Where there is a focus on CH4 production by livestock, interest necessarily is in the total amount of CH4 produced per day as a proportion of gross energy intake (%GEI) and its relationship with animal productivity. Because enhanced production of propionate in the rumen also can be associated with an increase in the flow of microbial protein from the rumen, evaluation or re-evaluation of compounds that may be effective in reducing methane production should also include evaluation of the effects on animal productivity, and appropriate approaches are discussed.

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Zhang, Xiaoyin, Yue He, Zhanbo Xiong, Min Li, Ming Li, Nan Zheng, Shengguo Zhao, and Jiaqi Wang. "Chelerythrine Chloride: A Potential Rumen Microbial Urease Inhibitor Screened by Targeting UreG." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158212.

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Inhibition of ruminal microbial urease is of particular interest due to its crucial role in regulating urea-N utilization efficiency and nitrogen pollution in the livestock industry. Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is currently the only commercially available urease inhibitor, but it has adverse side effects. The urease accessory protein UreG, which facilitates the functional incorporation of the urease nickel metallocentre, has been proposed in developing urease inhibitor through disrupting urease maturation. The objective of this study was to screen natural compounds as potential urease inhibitors by targeting UreG in a predominant ruminal microbial urease. In silico screening and in vitro tests for potential inhibitors were performed using molecular docking and an assay for the GTPase activity of UreG. Chelerythrine chloride was selected as a potential urease inhibitor of UreG with an inhibition concentration IC50 value of 18.13 μM. It exhibited mixed inhibition, with the Ki value being 26.28 μM. We further explored its inhibition mechanism using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and we found that chelerythrine chloride inhibited the binding of nickel to UreG and induced changes in the secondary structure, especially the α-helix and β-sheet of UreG. Chelerythrine chloride formed a pi-anion interaction with the Asp41 residue of UreG, which is an important residue in initiating the conformational changes of UreG. In conclusion, chelerythrine chloride exhibited a potential inhibitory effect on urease, which provided new evidence for strategies to develop novel urease inhibitors targeting UreG to reduce nitrogen excretion from ruminants.

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Ya'acob, Amirah, Norazwina Zainol, and Kamaliah Abdul Samad. "PINEAPPLE LEAF JUICE CHARACTERIZATION AND KINETIC STUDY ON MICROBIAL GROWTH INHIBITION." Jurnal Teknologi 84, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v84.16541.

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Microbial growth inhibitor (MGI) is crucial in preventing the spreaders of infection. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf juice (PLJ) is chosen as an alternative MGI agent due to its phenolic compounds content. Phenolic compounds in PLJ were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis. Phenolic compounds identified were confirmed based on their molecular mass and fragmentation pattern. From PLJ characterization, seven phenolic compounds were identified, namely meliadanoside A, feralolide, kukoamine A, methyl-5-O-caffeoylquinate, stilbostemin D, octahydrocurcumin and agrimol C. As the time increased from 0 to 60 min, the phenolic compounds concentration-absorbance (Au) value decreased, indicating a decrease in the phenolic concentration. This is due to the inhibition of microbes by phenolic compounds in PLJ. The inhibition data obtained in microbial inhibition assay were plotted according to the Hill equation, where the kinetic constants (Vmax, K0.5, and n) were estimated. Meliadanoside A has the highest K0.5 value followed by feralolide, kukoamine A, methyl-5-O-caffeoylquinate, and stilbostemin D. Meliadanoside A displayed a sigmoidal behaviour with a Hill coefficient (n) greater than 1. Feralolide, kukoamine A, methyl-5-O-caffeoylquinate, and stilbostemin D corresponded to negative cooperativity with n values lower than 1. This study demonstrated that PLJ could be exploited as a natural plant source that acts as an effective microbial growth inhibitor. Thus, it becomes one of the greener alternatives MGI compared to other synthetic agents.

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Ya’acob, A., N. Zainol, P. N. Y. Mohd Ridza, and S. H. Mortan. "Pineapple Leaves Juice Characterization for Microbial Growth Inhibition." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1092, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1092/1/012088.

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Boonthod, Rattanaporn, and Thidarat Bunsri. "Applications of Tricyclazole and Biosoil on Microbial Inhibition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.48.

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Biosoil is acknowledged as a synthesis biofertiliser, which is governed by alkaline stabilising the wasted sludge from the biological wastewater treatment processes. The biosoil is prepared in accordance with the US EPA guideline of biosolids Class A, conducting the non-detectable levels of pathogens in biosoil. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of tricyclazole and biosoil in microbial control. The microbial species are selected from topsoil in paddy field. The numbers of living microbes are sorted by selective media, bacteria and fungi are growth on specific medias of nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar, respectively. Using sterilisation techniques, the numbers of bacteria and fungi are counted and primarily identified via microscopic. The solutions at concentration 0.1-0.5 mg/L of tricyclazole and 0.01-10 mg/L of biosoil are free from bacteria and fungi. The natural soil sample has presented bacteria and fungi of 71,000 and 22,000 cfu/mg, respectively. By applying biosoil concentration of 10 mg/L, becteria and fungi are reducd to 500 and 1,000 cfu/mg, respectively. Adding 0.4 mg/L of tricyclazole, can eliminate becteria and fungi. The mixture of fungicide, 10 mg/L of biosoil solution combined with 0.4 mg/L or above of tricyclazole solution can kill both bacteria and fungi. Biosoil can reduce the usage of chemical fungicide as it can store and release tricyclazole within a longer time. The inhibition process by tricyclazole can be prolonged upto 23 hours before degrading.

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Hov, Johannes Roksund. "Editorial: proton pump inhibition - microbial complications beyond dysbiosis." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 50, no. 8 (October 2019): 962–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.15495.

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Trevors, J. T. "Sterilization and inhibition of microbial activity in soil." Journal of Microbiological Methods 26, no. 1-2 (July 1996): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(96)00843-3.

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Lambert, R. J., and M. Stratford. "Weak-acid preservatives: modelling microbial inhibition and response." Journal of Applied Microbiology 86, no. 1 (January 1999): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00646.x.

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Olivi, Massimiliano, Elena Zanni, Giovanni De Bellis, Claudio Talora, Maria Sabrina Sarto, Claudio Palleschi, Emmanuel Flahaut, et al. "Inhibition of microbial growth by carbon nanotube networks." Nanoscale 5, no. 19 (2013): 9023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr02091f.

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Sulaiman, C. Sanchis Gritsch, Hashim, and Murphy. "The inhibition of microbial growth by bamboo vinegar." Journal of Bamboo and Rattan 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569159053444635.

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Gopal, Judy, RP George, P. Muraleedharan, and HS Khatak. "Photocatalytic Inhibition of Microbial Adhesion by Anodized Titanium." Biofouling 20, no. 3 (May 2004): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010400008563.

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McCarty, G. W., J. M. Bremner, and J. S. Lee. "Inhibition of plant and microbial ureases by phosphoroamides." Plant and Soil 127, no. 2 (October 1990): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00014435.

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Videla, Hector A., and Liz Karen Herrera. "Understanding microbial inhibition of corrosion. A comprehensive overview." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 63, no. 7 (October 2009): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.02.002.

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Zimmer, C., K. Störl, and J. Störl. "Microbial DNA topoisomerases and their inhibition by antibiotics." Journal of Basic Microbiology 30, no. 3 (1990): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.3620300312.

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S, Chitra, and Anand B. "INFLUENCE OF GRAM-NEGATIVE STRAIN KLEBSIELLA OXYTOCA ON BIOCORROSION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.19431.

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Several studies of biofilms must accept that biofilms may develop in an enormous number of environments. This biofilm forms colonization on the solid surfaces by extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) secreted by the microbial cells. The EPSs secreted by microbial cell stimulate corrosion in the engineered materials due to the presence of polyanionic neutral macromolecules. Many techniques have been described measuring and inhibiting microbiologically influenced corrosion; however, none has been accepted as an industry standard. This is because the risks posed to the marine biosphere due to the use of antifouling inhibitors. Recently, a large amount of literature has been edited on the influence of toxic biocides on non-targeted organisms in the marine environment are most likely. It has been shown that the modifications of antifouling inhibitors by the non-toxic drugs can reduce microbial adhesion and some disentangle effects toward the environment. Hence, in this paper, the inhibition effect of neomycin trisulfate on the Klebsiella oxytoca on mild steel corrosion has been investigated using weight loss measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These studies have shown that neomycin trisulfate shows better inhibition toward the microbe. The agreement with the experimental data was also found to be satisfactory. Further, surface morphological examination through SEM confirms that the inhibitor inhibits the microbes by blocking the EPS

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Trivedi, Nikita H., Jieh-Juen Yu, Chiung-Yu Hung, Richard P. Doelger, Christopher S. Navara, Lisa Y. Armitige, Janakiram Seshu, et al. "Microbial co-infection alters macrophage polarization, phagosomal escape, and microbial killing." Innate Immunity 24, no. 3 (February 26, 2018): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425918760180.

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Macrophages are important innate immune cells that respond to microbial insults. In response to multi-bacterial infection, the macrophage activation state may change upon exposure to nascent mediators, which results in different bacterial killing mechanism(s). In this study, we utilized two respiratory bacterial pathogens, Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette Guẻrin, BCG) and Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) with different phagocyte evasion mechanisms, as model microbes to assess the influence of initial bacterial infection on the macrophage response to secondary infection. Non-activated (M0) macrophages or activated M2-polarized cells (J774 cells transfected with the mouse IL-4 gene) were first infected with BCG for 24–48 h, subsequently challenged with LVS, and the results of inhibition of LVS replication in the macrophages was assessed. BCG infection in M0 macrophages activated TLR2-MyD88 and Mincle-CARD9 signaling pathways, stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production and enhanced killing of LVS. BCG infection had little effect on LVS escape from phagosomes into the cytosol in M0 macrophages. In contrast, M2-polarized macrophages exhibited enhanced endosomal acidification, as well as inhibiting LVS replication. Pre-infection with BCG did not induce NO production and thus did not further reduce LVS replication. This study provides a model for studies of the complexity of macrophage activation in response to multi-bacterial infection.

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Ding, Yufan, Ana Teresa Caldeira, Catia Salvador, Sabrina Grassini, Emma Angelini, and Nick Schiavon. "The inhibition of biodegradation on building limestone by plasma etching." ACTA IMEKO 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i3.1162.

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Plasma etching is an innovative technique that has been recently applied in the cleaning of soiled archaeological objects. This research investigated the use of low-pressure plasma etching in cleaning microbial contaminations on an oolitic limestone from an UNESCO World Heritage listed monument: the Batalha Monastery in Central Portugal. The cleaning effect was assessed by FTIR, SEM, optical microscope, and cell viability index measurement. Experimental work suggests that plasma discharge can cause rupture in the microbial cell structures and is helpful in removing microorganisms from the surface of the stone. At the macroscopic level, detachment of microbial crust was also observed in plasma etched bio-deteriorated limestone surfaces. Furthermore, plasma etching can inhibit the microbial growth by decomposing and eliminating the sugar-containing compounds on the limestones, thus eliminating a major nutrient supply for microbial metabolism and reproduction. Plasma etching can therefore be regarded as a fast and eco-friendly conservation tool for stone heritage architecture to prevent/reduce the onset of bio-colonization and biodegradation.

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Jia, Sifan, Chenxi Ren, Ping Yang, and Desheng Qi. "Effects of Intestinal Microorganisms on Metabolism and Toxicity Mitigation of Zearalenone in Broilers." Animals 12, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151962.

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Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin, and chickens are relatively insensitive to it. In this study, the effects of intestinal microorganisms on ZEN metabolism and toxicity mitigation in broilers were studied by two experiments. Firstly, in vitro, ZEN was incubated anaerobically with chyme from each part of the chicken intestine to study its intestinal microbial metabolism. Then, in vivo, we explored the effects of intestinal microbiota on ZEN by inhibiting intestinal microorganisms. Broilers were fed a control diet, 2.5 mg/kg ZEN diet, microbial inhibition diet or ‘microbial inhibition +2.5 mg/kg ZEN’ diet. In vitro, the results showed that the rates of ZEN degradation by microorganisms in the duodenum, ileum, caecum, and colon were 56%, 12%, 15%, and 17%, respectively, and the microorganisms could convert ZEN into Zearalenol (ZOL). After microbial inhibition in vivo, the content of ZEN and its metabolites in excreta of broilers increased significantly, and antioxidant damage and liver damage were aggravated. 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that antioxidant indices and the content of ZEN and its metabolites in excreta were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Lactococcus and Enterococcus, etc. In conclusion, the intestinal microorganisms of broilers play an important role in ZEN metabolism and ZEN-induced antioxidant and liver injury mitigation, among which the key bacteria include Streptococcus, Lactococcus and Enterococcus, etc.

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Moscetti, Ilaria, Silvio Tundo, Michela Janni, Luca Sella, Katia Gazzetti, Alexandra Tauzin, Thierry Giardina, Stefania Masci, Francesco Favaron, and Renato D'Ovidio. "Constitutive Expression of the Xylanase Inhibitor TAXI-III Delays Fusarium Head Blight Symptoms in Durum Wheat Transgenic Plants." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 12 (December 2013): 1464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-04-13-0121-r.

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Cereals contain xylanase inhibitor (XI) proteins which inhibit microbial xylanases and are considered part of the defense mechanisms to counteract microbial pathogens. Nevertheless, in planta evidence for this role has not been reported yet. Therefore, we produced a number of transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing TAXI-III, a member of the TAXI type XI that is induced by pathogen infection. Results showed that TAXI-III endows the transgenic wheat with new inhibition capacities. We also showed that TAXI-III is correctly secreted into the apoplast and possesses the expected inhibition parameters against microbial xylanases. The new inhibition properties of the transgenic plants correlate with a significant delay of Fusarium head blight disease symptoms caused by Fusarium graminearum but do not significantly influence leaf spot symptoms caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. We showed that this contrasting result can be due to the different capacity of TAXI-III to inhibit the xylanase activity of these two fungal pathogens. These results provide, for the first time, clear evidence in planta that XI are involved in plant defense against fungal pathogens and show the potential to manipulate TAXI-III accumulation to improve wheat resistance against F. graminearum.

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Han, Youl, Hyatt Green, and Wendong Tao. "Reversibility of propionic acid inhibition to anaerobic digestion: Inhibition kinetics and microbial mechanism." Chemosphere 255 (September 2020): 126840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126840.

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Fernandez-Cabezudo, Maria, Ray Al-Barazie, and Basel al-Ramadi. "Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase regulates the anti-microbial immune response (P1378)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 203.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.203.6.

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Abstract We have previously demonstrated that inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leads to an enhancement of animal survival following an oral infection with a lethal strain of S. typhimurium, a Gram-negative, facultative, intracellular pathogen. We hypothesized that the resultant increase in acetylcholine levels modulates the macrophage inflammatory response to infection. In this study, we assessed the potential of modulating the host’s immune response following a lethal bacterial infection. BALB/c mice were orally infected with a virulent strain of S. typhimurium, following which they were injected i.p. with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor paraxon. The start of paraoxon injection varied from 30 minutes to 24 hrs post bacterial infection and repeated daily for 7 consecutive days. In contrast to control group which exhibited 10% survival, animals treated with paraoxon up to 6 hrs post infection showed 50% overall survival. Enhanced survival observed in this group correlated with a more robust inhibition of bacterial proliferation in systemic target organs. Furthermore, preliminary evidence from flowcytometric analysis of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen cell populations revealed an increase in T lymphocyte ratios as well as upregulation of IFN gamma-regulated activation markers on B and T lymphocytes in the paraoxon-treated group. These findings underscore the importance of the neural-immune axis in regulating immunity to bacterial infection.

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Ungerfeld, Emilio M., M. Fernanda Aedo, Emilio D. Martínez, and Marcelo Saldivia. "Inhibiting Methanogenesis in Rumen Batch Cultures Did Not Increase the Recovery of Metabolic Hydrogen in Microbial Amino Acids." Microorganisms 7, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7050115.

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There is an interest in controlling rumen methanogenesis as an opportunity to both decrease the emissions of greenhouse gases and improve the energy efficiency of rumen fermentation. However, the effects of inhibiting rumen methanogenesis on fermentation are incompletely understood even in in vitro rumen cultures, as the recovery of metabolic hydrogen ([H]) in the main fermentation products consistently decreases with methanogenesis inhibition, evidencing the existence of unaccounted [H] sinks. We hypothesized that inhibiting methanogenesis in rumen batch cultures would redirect [H] towards microbial amino acids (AA) biosynthesis as an alternative [H] sink to methane (CH4). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of eight inhibitors of methanogenesis on digestion, fermentation and the production of microbial biomass and AA in rumen batch cultures growing on cellulose. Changes in the microbial community composition were also studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Inhibiting methanogenesis did not cause consistent changes in fermentation or the profile of AA, although the effects caused by the different inhibitors generally associated with the changes in the microbial community that they induced. Under the conditions of this experiment, inhibiting methanogenesis did not increase the importance of microbial AA synthesis as a [H] sink.

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Rajani Chowdary Akkina, Payala Vijayalakshmi, and Raaththika R. "Evaluation of Anti-microbial activity of methanolic extract of Costus igneus plant against multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 3796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2552.

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Costus igneus plants are highly active against the majority of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms. The purpose of the current study was intended to evaluate the anti-microbial potential of methanolic extract of Costus igneus over multidrug-resistant bacteria, specifically to methicillin, vancomycin, carbapenems, colistin. The study also focused on the antifungal activity of the plant extract against Candida species. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify the presence of the active chemicals such as steroids, alkaloid, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, saponin, tannin, glycosides, quinones, coumarins and phenolic compounds using standard protocols. Anti-microbial activity of C. igneus was assessed through agar well diffusion technique and Minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) by using multidrug-resistant Gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative microorganisms (E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter species) and also Candida albicans. At 120mg/ml C.igneus plant extract concentration, maximum zone of inhibition was obtained with all the nine tested microorganisms and however the zone of inhibition was slighter with regular standard potential antibiotics like colistin, imipenem etc. Anti-microbials of plant origin possesses tremendous therapeutic potential as they can accomplish the requirements with fewer sideeffects that are routinely associated with synthetic anti-microbials. In this investigation, it was established that C. igneus leaf extract possesses excellent anti-microbial activity which can be attributed to the occurrence of phytochemicals. Further discovery of plant-derived anti-microbials should be continued to trim down the usage of powerful drugs which pose bad side effects.

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Okeniyi, Joshua Olusegun, Cleophas Akintoye Loto, and Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola. "Inhibition of Steel-Rebar Corrosion in Industrial/Microbial Simulating-Environment by Morinda lucida." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.281.

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This paper studies inhibition of steel-rebar corrosion in concrete immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4, simulating industrial/microbial environment by the leaf extract ofMorinda lucida. Electrochemical monitoring methods were employed for testing different concentrations of the leaf extract admixed in duplicated specimens of steel-reinforced concrete slabs immersed in the acidic test-system. Statistical analyses as per ASTM G16-95 R04 of the experimental results showed that effectiveness ofMorinda lucidaat inhibiting concrete steel-rebar corrosion increased with the concentration of the admixture. 0.4167%Morinda lucida, per weight of cement, was identified with optimum inhibition efficiencyη= 98.78±0.34% followed in effectiveness by 0.3333%Morinda lucidawithη= 93.20±1.76% at inhibiting steel-rebar corrosion in the corrosive test-environment.

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S, Sarah, and Shanmugharaju , V. "Bacterial Protease Inhibitors as Antibacterial agents to prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biofilms." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 398–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/10730.

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Isolation of protease inhibitor producing bacteria from microbial mat and investigating its anti-biofilm potential against biofilm producing organism was selected as the main objective of the present study. Protease inhibitor (PI) was produced from bacterial isolates and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation methods. Primary and secondary protease inhibitor assay was carried out separately to confirm the inhibition of protease enzyme activity both qualitatively and quantitatively. Antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm assay was performed to determine the biofilm prevention capabilities of PI. Three isolates (B1PI, B2PI and B3PI) were screened and B2PI bacterial culture was selected based on the results of primary and secondary protease inhibitor assay. Maximum trypsin inhibition of 77.5±0.25% was recorded for the isolate B2PI. Antibacterial activity of the B2PI protease inhibitor fractions exhibited inhibitory zones of 22.3±1.04mm and 20.2±0.25mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Anti-biofilm assay of protease inhibitor fractions expressed 31.2μl/ml of MBIC against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results conclude that, the protease inhibitor from the microbial mat isolate will be an effective alternative to the commercial antibiotics either alone or in combination with other drugs synergistically which shall be studied elaborately in future.

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Jordaan, Elsie M., David B. Levin, Richard Sparling, Ehsan Khafipour, and Nazim Çiçek. "Microbial Population Change in Anaerobic Digestion during Copper Sulfate Inhibition and Recovery." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 5 (2019): 1231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13462.

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Abstract. This study evaluated how feedstock with added copper sulfate (commonly used as an antimicrobial footbath solution in livestock operations) changed the performance and microbial populations of a dairy manure digester. High-throughput Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial and the V6-V8 regions of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene in digester samples showed a significant change in the microbial community composition during addition of feedstock with copper sulfate, followed by a return to the original composition with regular feedstock. Bacterial genera that were suppressed during the inhibition period included Cloacamonas, Syntrophomonas, Butyrivibrio, and Caldicoprobacter, while the relative abundance of Acholeplasma, Desulfobulbus, Aminobacterium, Treponema, and YRC22 peaked. The dominant methanogen Methanosarcina, although initially resistant, was suppressed during inhibition, while Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera, prominent feedstock genera, increased. The return of the bacterial and archaeal communities to compositions similar to their previous steady states after inhibition highlights the digester’s microbial resilience and recovery potential. Keywords: . Anaerobic digestion, Copper sulfate inhibition, Illumina sequencing, Manure, Methanogens, Microbial populations, Microbiome.

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Ōmura, Satoshi, and Kazuro Shiomi. "Discovery, chemistry, and chemical biology of microbial products." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779040581.

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Our long-standing and continual screening of microorganisms, especially for antiparasitic agents, has produced a wide variety of compounds of global importance, such as the avermectins. Recent discoveries include nafuredin, atpenins, argifin, and argadin. Nafuredin is a helminth-specific inhibitor of electron-transport enzyme, complex I, which exhibits anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus in sheep. The atpenins are the most potent complex II inhibitors ever reported. Co-crystallization study of atpenin A5 and E. coli complex II indicated the binding mechanism of ubiquinone to complex II. Argifin and argadin are the first cyclic peptides to inhibit chitinase at low concentration. Though structurally similar, their chitinase inhibition mechanisms are quite different.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial inhibition'

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