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Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial peptides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Matsuzaki, K. "Why and how are peptide-lipid interactions utilized for self defence?" Biochemical Society Transactions 29, no. 4 (2001): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0290598.

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Animals defend themselves against invading pathogenic micro-organisms by utilizing cationic anti-microbial peptides, which rapidly kill various micro-organisms without exerting toxicity against the host. Physicochemical peptide-lipid interactions provide attractive mechanisms for innate immunity. Many of these peptides form amphipathic secondary structures (α-helices and β-sheets) which can selectively interact with anionic bacterial membranes by electrostatic interaction. Rapid, peptide-induced membrane permeabilization is an effective mechanism of anti-microbial action. Magainin 2 from frog

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2

Dang, Xiangli, and Guangshun Wang. "Spotlight on the Selected New Antimicrobial Innate Immune Peptides Discovered During 2015-2019." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 32 (2020): 2984–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666201022143625.

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Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global issue and new anti-microbials are required. Introduction: Anti-microbial peptides are important players of host innate immune systems that prevent infections. Due to their ability to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens, AMPs are promising candidates for developing the next generation of anti-microbials. Methods: The anti-microbial peptide database provides a useful tool for searching, predicting, and designing new AMPs. In the period from 2015-2019, ~500 new natural peptides have been registered. Results: This article highlights a select set of new

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Cytryńska, Małgorzata, and Agnieszka Zdybicka-Barabas. "Defense peptides: recent developments." Biomolecular Concepts 6, no. 4 (2015): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2015-0014.

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AbstractDefense peptides are small amphipathic molecules that exhibit antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of cationic and anionic defense peptides, indicating peptide-based as well as microbial cell-based factors affecting this activity. The peptide-based factors include charge, hydrophibicity, and amphipathicity, whereas the pathogen-based factors are membrane lipid composition, presence of sterols, membrane fluidity, cell wall components, and secreted factors such as extrace

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Ruiz, Pedro J., Hideki Garren, David L. Hirschberg, et al. "Microbial Epitopes Act as Altered Peptide Ligands to Prevent Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 189, no. 8 (1999): 1275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.189.8.1275.

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Molecular mimicry refers to structural homologies between a self-protein and a microbial protein. A major epitope of myelin basic protein (MBP), p87–99 (VHFFKNIVTPRTP), induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). VHFFK contains the major residues for binding of this self-molecule to T cell receptor (TCR) and to the major histocompatibility complex. Peptides from papilloma virus strains containing the motif VHFFK induce EAE. A peptide from human papilloma virus type 40 (HPV 40) containing VHFFR, and one from HPV 32 containing VHFFH, prevented EAE. A sequence from Bacillus subtilis

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Grogan, Jane L., Achim Kramer, Axel Nogai, et al. "Cross-Reactivity of Myelin Basic Protein-Specific T Cells with Multiple Microbial Peptides: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Induction in TCR Transgenic Mice." Journal of Immunology 163, no. 7 (1999): 3764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.7.3764.

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Abstract Activation of autoreactive T cells is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Cross-reactivity between microbial and self Ags (molecular mimicry) is one hypothesis that could explain the activation of autoreactive T cells. We have systematically examined this hypothesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using mice bearing exclusively myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells (designated T+ α−). A peptide substitution analysis was performed in which each residue of the MBPAc1–11 peptide was exchanged by all 20 naturally occurring amino acids. This allow

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RUISSEN, Anita L. A., Jasper GROENINK, Eva J. HELMERHORST, et al. "Effects of histatin 5 and derived peptides on Candida albicans." Biochemical Journal 356, no. 2 (2001): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3560361.

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Three anti-microbial peptides were compared with respect to their killing activity against Candida albicans and their ability to disturb its cellular and internal membranes. Histatin 5 is an anti-fungal peptide occurring naturally in human saliva, while dhvar4 and dhvar5 are variants of its active domain, with increased anti-microbial activity. dhvar4has increased amphipathicity compared with histatin 5, whereas dhvar5has amphipathicity comparable with that of histatin 5. All three peptides caused depolarization of the cytoplasmic and/or mitochondrial membrane, indicating membranolytic activit

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Nagler, Adi, Shelly Kalaora, Deborah Gitta Rosenberg, et al. "672 Identification of microbial-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (2020): A710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0672.

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BackgroundThe query for tumor shared and neo-antigens as a therapeutic approach has been the focus of cancer immunology for the past two decades. Notably, these peptide sequences can bind to HLA molecules and present on the cell surface, subsequently to be recognized by T-cell receptors (TCRs), activating the immune system and so facilitating in tumor rejection.1–3 The search for new origins of targetable types of HLA peptides is consistently growing, and new studies show peptides that are derived from non-canonical open reading frames (ORFs), altered translation, proteasome splicing, viral pr

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8

Wallace, R. J. "Acetylation of peptides inhibits their degradation by rumen micro-organisms." British Journal of Nutrition 68, no. 2 (1992): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19920095.

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Proteins and peptides were acetylated using acetic anhydride in order to block their N-terminal amino groups and thereby to prevent their hydrolysis by rumen microbial aminopeptidases. The effects of acetylation on peptide breakdown and ammonia production were determined by incubating unmodified and acetylated substrates with sheep rumen micro-organisms in vitro. Ammonia production from casein and lactalbumin was affected little by acetylation, but acetylation of the corresponding enzymic hydrolysates caused ammonia production to be more than halved after 3.6 h incubation. Estimation of peptid

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9

Ramón-García, Santiago, Ralf Mikut, Carol Ng, et al. "Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Microbial Pathogens Using Improved Synthetic Antibacterial Peptides." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 5 (2013): 2295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00175-13.

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ABSTRACTThe lack of effective therapies for treating tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. WhileMycobacterium tuberculosisis notoriously resistant to most available antibiotics, we identified synthetic short cationic antimicrobial peptides that were active at low micromolar concentrations (less than 10 μM). These small peptides (averaging 10 amino acids) had remarkably broad spectra of antimicrobial activities against both bacterial and fungal pathogens and an indication of low cytotoxicity. In addition, their antimicrobial activities displayed various degrees of species specificity th

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Hearn, Jack, Jacob M. Riveron, Helen Irving, Gareth D. Weedall, and Charles S. Wondji. "Gene Conversion Explains Elevated Diversity in the Immunity Modulating APL1 Gene of the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus." Genes 13, no. 6 (2022): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13061102.

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Leucine-rich repeat proteins and antimicrobial peptides are the key components of the innate immune response to Plasmodium and other microbial pathogens in Anopheles mosquitoes. The APL1 gene of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus has exceptional levels of non-synonymous polymorphism across the range of An. funestus, with an average πn of 0.027 versus a genome-wide average of 0.002, and πn is consistently high in populations across Africa. Elevated APL1 diversity was consistent between the independent pooled-template and target-enrichment datasets, however no link between APL1 diversity and

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Sun, Xiaopeng, Min Wang, Chuanjin Xu, et al. "Positive Effect of a Pea–Clam Two-Peptide Composite on Hypertension and Organ Protection in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats." Nutrients 14, no. 19 (2022): 4069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14194069.

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In the present study, we prepared pea peptides with high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in vitro using an enzymatic hydrolysis of pea protein and compounded them with clam peptides to obtain a pea-clam double peptide. The effects of the two-peptide composite and pea peptides on hypertension and the damage-repair of corresponding organs were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We found that both pea peptides and the two-peptide composite significantly reduced the blood pressure upon a single or long-term intragastric administration, with the two-peptide c

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Otvos Jr., Laszlo. "Immunomodulatory effects of anti-microbial peptides." Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 63, no. 3 (2016): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/030.63.2016.005.

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Kato, Hajime, Susumu Y. Imanishi, Kiyomi Tsuji, and Ken-ichi Harada. "Microbial degradation of cyanobacterial cyclic peptides." Water Research 41, no. 8 (2007): 1754–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.003.

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Egorov, Tsezi A., Tatyana I. Odintsova, Vitaliy A. Pukhalsky, and Eugene V. Grishin. "Diversity of wheat anti-microbial peptides." Peptides 26, no. 11 (2005): 2064–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2005.03.007.

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Barreto-Santamaría, Adriana, Zuly Jenny Rivera, Javier Eduardo García, et al. "Shorter Antibacterial Peptide Having High Selectivity for E. coli Membranes and Low Potential for Inducing Resistance." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (2020): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060867.

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been recognised as a significant therapeutic option for mitigating resistant microbial infections. It has been found recently that Plasmodium falciparum-derived, 20 residue long, peptide 35409 had antibacterial and haemolytic activity, making it an AMP having reduced selectivity, and suggesting that it should be studied more extensively for obtaining new AMPs having activity solely targeting the bacterial membrane. Peptide 35409 was thus used as template for producing short synthetic peptides (<20 residues long) and evaluating their biological activity and

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Sun, Changbao, Yingying Li, Songsong Cao, et al. "Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Bovine Lactoferricin Derivatives with Symmetrical Amino Acid Sequences." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102951.

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In recent years, the overuse of antibiotics has become very serious. Many pathogenic bacteria have become resistant to them, with serious potential health consequences. Thus, it is urgent that we develop new antibiotic drugs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important endogenous antibacterial molecules that contribute to immunity. Most have spectral antibacterial properties and do not confer drug resistance. In this paper, an 11-residue peptide (LFcinB18–28) with a sequence of KCRRWQWRMKK was modified by amino acid substitution to form a symmetrical amino acid sequence. The antibacterial acti

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Hausmann, Stefan, Margarita Martin, Laurent Gauthier, and Kai W. Wucherpfennig. "Structural Features of Autoreactive TCR That Determine the Degree of Degeneracy in Peptide Recognition." Journal of Immunology 162, no. 1 (1999): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.1.338.

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Abstract Structural aspects of human TCRs that allow the activation of autoreactive T cells by diverse microbial peptides were examined using two human myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cell clones. The TCR sequences of these clones differed only in the N region of TCR-α and -β since the clones had the same Vα-Jα and Vβ-Jβ rearrangements. The two clones had a similar fine specificity for the MBP peptide, except for the P5 position of the peptide (lysine). In the crystal structure of the HLA-DR2/MBP peptide complex, P5 lysine is a prominent, solvent-exposed residue in the center of the DR2/

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Russi, J. P., R. J. Wallace, and C. J. Newbold. "The influence of the pattern of peptide supply on microbial activity in the rumen simulating fermentor Rusitec." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004105.

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Peptides and to a lesser extent amino acids accumulate in rumen fluid in the early post feeding period and rapidly decline thereafter (Broderick & Wallace, 1988). Numerous studies have demonstrated benefits to feeding peptides, in terms of increased microbial growth in the rumen (Newbold, 1999). However, given that peptides will only be available in the rumen for a short time after feeding it may be necessary to match supply of peptides and energy in the rumen to maximise the stimulation in microbial activity. The objective of this study was thus to investigate if microbial protein synthes

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Maddah, Fayrouz El, Mamona Nazir, and Gabriele M. König. "The Rare Amino Acid Building Block 3-(3-furyl)-Alanine in the Formation of Non-ribosomal Peptides." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 1 (2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200140.

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Microorganisms have made considerable contributions to the production of peptide secondary metabolites, many of them with therapeutic potential, e.g., the fungus-derived immunosuppressant cyclosporine A and the antibiotic daptomycin originating from Streptomyces. Most of the medically used peptides are the product of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), incorporating apart from proteinogenic also unique, non-proteinogenic amino acids into the peptides. An extremely rare such amino acid is 3-(3-furyl)-alanine. So far, only few peptides have been found that contain this residue, including t

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Nelson, Ryan, and Marc Jenkins. "Implications of T cell receptor cross-reactivity on the CD4+ T cell repertoire (APP3P.111)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 113.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.113.12.

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Abstract Naïve CD4+ T cell populations with T cell receptors (TCR) specific for different major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII)-bound foreign peptides vary in size for unknown reasons. Negative selection on self peptides could play a role. We found that MHCII-binding nonamer peptides only had to have the same residues at five positions to be recognized by the same TCR. This degree of TCR cross-reactivity between self and foreign peptides reduced the sizes of foreign peptide-specific T cell populations via clonal deletion. Small foreign p:MHCII-specific populations that underwent a greate

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Niemi, Liza Danielsson, and Ingegerd Johansson. "Salivary Statherin Peptide-Binding Epitopes of Commensal and Potentially Infectious Actinomyces spp. Delineated by a Hybrid Peptide Construct." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 2 (2004): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.2.782-787.2004.

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ABSTRACT Adhesion of microorganisms to host receptor molecules such as salivary statherin molecules is a common event in oral microbial colonization. Here we used a hybrid peptide construct (with both a hydroxyapatite-binding portion and a test peptide portion) to map the interaction of Actinomyces species (and Candida albicans) with statherin. Adhesion to hybrid peptides and truncated statherin variants revealed three binding types, types I to III. (i) Type I strains of rat, hamster, and human infection origins bound C-terminal-derived QQYTF and PYQPQY peptides. The QQYTF peptide inhibited st

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Yang, Yu, Sabrina Schwiderek, Guido Grundmeier, and Adrian Keller. "Strain-Dependent Adsorption of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Derived Adhesin-Like Peptides at Abiotic Surfaces." Micro 1, no. 1 (2021): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micro1010010.

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Implant-associated infections are an increasingly severe burden on healthcare systems worldwide and many research activities currently focus on inhibiting microbial colonization of biomedically relevant surfaces. To obtain molecular-level understanding of the involved processes and interactions, we investigate the adsorption of synthetic adhesin-like peptide sequences derived from the type IV pili of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PAK and PAO at abiotic model surfaces, i.e., Au, SiO2, and oxidized Ti. These peptides correspond to the sequences of the receptor-binding domain 128–144 of the

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Singh, D. P., T. Kikuchi, V. K. Singh, and T. Shinohara. "A single amino acid substitution in core residues of S-antigen prevents experimental autoimmune uveitis." Journal of Immunology 152, no. 9 (1994): 4699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.152.9.4699.

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Abstract We have previously reported that microbial Ags, having a three- to six-amino-acid-sequence homology with a uveitopathogenic epitope (peptide M) of retinal soluble protein (S-Ag), induce experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Another uveitopathogenic epitope (peptide G) of S-Ag also was characterized. In addition, we have characterized the core sequences by truncating peptides G and M from amino acid and carboxyl termini. In this study, we have further defined the core sequences using synthetic octapeptides with a single amino acid substitution. In addition, the analogues of peptides G

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Gu, Qiu-hua, Megan Huynh, Yue Shi, et al. "Experimental Antiglomerular Basement Membrane GN Induced by a Peptide from Actinomyces." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 31, no. 6 (2020): 1282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2019060619.

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BackgroundAntiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is associated with HLA-DRB1*1501 (the major predisposing genetic factor in the disease), with α3127–148 as a nephritogenic T and B cell epitope. Although the cause of disease remains unclear, the association of infections with anti-GBM disease has been long suspected.MethodsTo investigate whether microbes might activate autoreactive T and B lymphocytes via molecular mimicry in anti-GBM disease, we used bioinformatic tools, including BLAST, SYFPEITHI, and ABCpred, for peptide searching and epitope prediction. We used sera from patien

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Ameen, Ayesha, and Shahid Raza. "Metaproteomics approaches and techniques: A review." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v3i5.4167.

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Extensive studies have been done on metagenomics for various microbial communities. The advancements in metagenomics level led to the need of metaproteomics approaches. Metaproteomics involve the identification, function and expression of various proteins present in microbial community, it also involves the identification and expression analysis of stress related proteins. The concepts of metaproteomics come with advancement in proteomics techniques which includes 2D gel electrophoresis for the identification of proteins and peptides in a particular microbial community. Mass spectrometry which

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Nong, Nhung Thi Phuong, and Jue-Liang Hsu. "Bioactive Peptides: An Understanding from Current Screening Methodology." Processes 10, no. 6 (2022): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061114.

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Bioactive peptides with high potency against numerous human disorders have been regarded as a promising therapy in disease control. These peptides could be released from various dietary protein sources through hydrolysis processing using physical conditions, chemical agents, microbial fermentation, or enzymatic digestions. Considering the diversity of the original proteins and the complexity of the multiple structural peptides that existed in the hydrolysis mixture, the screening of bioactive peptides will be a challenge task. Well-organized and well-designed methods are necessarily required t

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Luu, Dee Dee, Anna Joe, Yan Chen, et al. "Biosynthesis and secretion of the microbial sulfated peptide RaxX and binding to the rice XA21 immune receptor." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 17 (2019): 8525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818275116.

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The rice immune receptor XA21 is activated by the sulfated microbial peptide required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity X (RaxX) produced byXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo). Mutational studies and targeted proteomics revealed that the RaxX precursor peptide (proRaxX) is processed and secreted by the protease/transporter RaxB, the function of which can be partially fulfilled by a noncognate peptidase-containing transporter component B (PctB). proRaxX is cleaved at a Gly–Gly motif, yielding a mature peptide that retains the necessary elements for RaxX function as an immunogen and host pep

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Larder, Christina E., Michèle M. Iskandar, and Stan Kubow. "Dynamic Multi-Stage Gastrointestinal Digestion Model Assessment of Microbial Fermentation Products of Collagen Hydrolysates." Proceedings 61, no. 1 (2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06998.

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Proteins, peptides and amino acids (AAs) that bypass upper gastrointestinal (GI) digestion can be fermented in the colonic regions. This could lead to microbial production of health promoting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Nitrogenous compounds can also be fermented to generate potentially harmful branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs). As collagen hydrolysate (CH) supplements contain a high peptide content, we evaluated whether peptides that undergo intestinal CH digestion and microbial fermentation can generate SCFAs and BCFAs. Two bovine-sourced CH formulations (CH-GL and CH-OPT) underwent di

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Kaul, Viraj, Shubhangi Warke, and Uma Tumlam. "Anti-microbial Peptides: New Weapon against Bacteria." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, no. 9 (June 10, 2020): 2313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.283.

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Pieters, Roland, Christopher Arnusch, and Eefjan Breukink. "Membrane Permeabilization by Multivalent Anti-Microbial Peptides." Protein & Peptide Letters 16, no. 7 (2009): 736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986609788681841.

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Bulet, Philippe, Reto Stocklin, and Laure Menin. "Anti-microbial peptides: from invertebrates to vertebrates." Immunological Reviews 198, no. 1 (2004): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0124.x.

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Larrick, James W., Michimasa Hirata, Jian Zhong, and Susan C. Wright. "Anti-microbial activity of human CAP18 peptides." Immunotechnology 1, no. 1 (1995): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1380-2933(95)00006-2.

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Javid, B., P. A. MacAry, W. Oehlmann, M. Singh, and P. J. Lehner. "Peptides complexed with the protein HSP70 generate efficient human cytolytic T-lymphocyte responses." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 4 (2004): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320622.

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Microbial HSPs (heat-shock proteins) are implicated in the induction of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. We set out to determine whether peptides complexed with HSP70 generate efficient CTL (cytolytic T-lymphocyte) responses. Human dendritic cells pulsed with peptide-loaded microbial HSP70 complexes generate potent antigen-specific CTL responses. Using fluorescence anisotropy, we have calculated the peptide-binding affinity of mycobacterial HSP70 (KD=14 μM) and show that 120 pM HSP70-bound peptide is sufficient to generate a peptide-specific CTL response that is four orders

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Przybylski, Rémi, Laurent Bazinet, Loubna Firdaous, et al. "Electroseparation of Slaughterhouse By-Product: Antimicrobial Peptide Enrichment by pH Modification." Membranes 10, no. 5 (2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10050090.

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The fractionation of bioactive peptides from hydrolysate is a main challenge to produce efficient alternative for synthetic additives. In this work, electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) was proposed to increase the purity of one antimicrobial peptide from slaughterhouse by-product hydrolysate. This targeted-peptide, α137–141 (653 Da, TSKYR), inhibits a large spectrum of microbial growths and delays meat rancidity; therefore, if concentrated, it could be used as food antimicrobial. In this context, three pH values were investigated during EDUF treatment to increase the α137–141

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Cardoso, Priscila, Hugh Glossop, Thomas G. Meikle, et al. "Molecular engineering of antimicrobial peptides: microbial targets, peptide motifs and translation opportunities." Biophysical Reviews 13, no. 1 (2021): 35–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12551-021-00784-y.

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Botelho, Cláudia M., Pedro Ferreira-Santos, Duarte Toubarro, et al. "Chicken Feather Keratin Peptides for the Control of Keratinocyte Migration." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (2021): 6779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156779.

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FAO estimates that in 2030 the poultry meat production could reach 120 million tons, which is a challenge in terms of waste management. Feathers are mainly composed of keratin, an important biomaterial. Using feathers as a source of keratin will minimize the waste generated, while contributing to supply an important material for several industries, such as pharmaceutical and biomedical. The peptides were extracted from the feathers by microbial degradation. In this study, we evaluated the peptides effect on keratinocyte metabolic activity and migration. The influence of these peptides on non-a

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Solieri, Lisa, Andrea Baldaccini, Serena Martini, Aldo Bianchi, Valentina Pizzamiglio, and Davide Tagliazucchi. "Peptide Profiling and Biological Activities of 12-Month Ripened Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese." Biology 9, no. 7 (2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9070170.

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Proteolysis degree, biological activities, and water-soluble peptide patterns were evaluated in 12 month-ripened Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) cheeses collected in different dairy farms and showing different salt and fat content. Samples classified in high-salt and high-fat group (HH) generally showed lower proteolysis degree than samples having low-salt and low-fat content (LL). This positive correlation between salt/fat reduction and proteolysis was also confirmed by the analysis of biological activities, as the LL group showed higher average values of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibito

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Zinina, O., O. Neverova, P. Sharaviev, E. Neverova, and E. Aleksandrina. "Determination of the functional properties of protein hydrolysates by the in silico method." E3S Web of Conferences 395 (2023): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339503004.

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Bioactive peptides are of increasing interest to scientists. The development of peptidomics and bioinformatics contributes to a deeper study of peptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of raw materials. In this work, the in silico method was used to study the properties and biological value of peptides identified in protein hydrolysates obtained by microbial fermentation of the broiler chicken gizzards in whey with the addition of bifidobacteria and propionic acid bacteria. The activity of the peptides was determined using the BIOPEP database. Potential toxicity and such properties as hydroph

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Serba, Elena, Liubov Rimareva, Marina Overchenko, Nadezhda Ignatova, Polina Tadzhibova, and Sergey Zorin. "Production of peptides and amino acids from microbial biomass in food and feed industries: biotechnological aspects." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 2 (2020): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-268-276.

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Introduction. Microbial biomass is a popular source of food ingredients and feed additives. Its high use has made it focus of many relevant studies. Yeast and fungal biomasses proved to be useful substrates that improve the quality and biological value of functional products. They differ in the content and composition of proteins and polysaccharides. The present research dealt with the enzymatic decomposition of proteins found in a novel fungal and yeast biomass. The research objective was to describe the peptide and amino acid composition of their enzymatic hydrolysates. Study objects a

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Endres, Kristina. "Amyloidogenic Peptides in Human Neuro-Degenerative Diseases and in Microorganisms: A Sorrow Shared Is a Sorrow Halved?" Molecules 25, no. 4 (2020): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040925.

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The term “amyloid” refers to proteinaceous deposits of peptides that might be generated from larger precursor proteins e.g., by proteolysis. Common to these peptides is a stable cross-β dominated secondary structure which allows self-assembly, leading to insoluble oligomers and lastly to fibrils. These highly ordered protein aggregates have been, for a long time, mainly associated with human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (Amyloid-β peptides). However, they also exert physiological functions such as in release of deposited hormones in human beings. In the light of the r

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Ranilla, M. J., M. D. Carro, S. López, C. J. Newbold, and R. J. Wallace. "Influence of nitrogen source on the fermentation of fibre from barley straw and sugarbeet pulp by ruminal micro-organismsin vitro." British Journal of Nutrition 86, no. 6 (2001): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001475.

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Incubations were carried out with a batch culture system to study the effects of different N sources on the fermentation by ruminal micro-organisms from Merino sheep of two fibre substrates derived from feedstuffs that differed in their fermentation rate. The substrates were neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) from barley straw and sugarbeet pulp. N sources were ammonia (NH4Cl) and peptides (Trypticase). Three treatments were made by replacing ammonia-N with peptide-N at levels of 0 (AMMO), 33 (PEPLOW) and 66 % (PEPHIGH) of total N. There were no differences (P>0·05) between treatments in NDF deg

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Zemanová, Jana, and Květoslava Šustová. "The Problem of Bitter Peptides Formed in the Process of Cheese Ripening." Chemické listy 117, no. 5 (2023): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20230301.

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Bitter peptides are formed by the breakdown of proteins and high-molecular peptides during proteolysis. Their formation in cheeses is related to the proteolytic activity of rennet in balance with the peptidase activity of microbial enzymes of lactic acid bacteria. The bitter taste then arises when there is a disproportion between the formation and degradation of bitter peptides by increasing their concentration above the perception threshold. The extent to which bitter peptides affect the overall taste of cheese depends on the balance between their formation and breakdown to non-bitter lower p

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Vo, Tien Duy, Christoph Spahn, Mike Heilemann, and Helge B. Bode. "Microbial Cationic Peptides as a Natural Defense Mechanism against Insect Antimicrobial Peptides." ACS Chemical Biology 16, no. 3 (2021): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.0c00794.

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Wallace, R. J. "Influence of acetylation on peptide breakdown by microorganisms from the sheep rumen." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600019978.

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Protein is broken down by rumen microorganisms via peptides and amino acids to produce ammonia at rates which frequently exceed microbial requirements for N. Much of the ammonia-N formed in this way is eventually excreted as urea. If any of the steps in the degradation sequence could be inhibited, excessive ammonia production would be reduced. More protein, peptides or amino acids would escape fermentation in the rumen, thereby improving the protein nutrition of the host animal.The breakdown of peptides to amino acids is a central part of the degradation sequence. The main enzymic mechanism by

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Bhopale, Girish M. "Antimicrobial Peptides: A Promising Avenue for Human Healthcare." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 2 (2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666191011121722.

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Antimicrobial drugs resistant microbes have been observed worldwide and therefore alternative development of antimicrobial peptides has gained interest in human healthcare. Enormous progress has been made in the development of antimicrobial peptide during the last decade due to major advantages of AMPs such as broad-spectrum activity and low levels of induced resistance over the current antimicrobial agents. This review briefly provides various categories of AMP, their physicochemical properties and mechanism of action which governs their penetration into microbial cell. Further, the recent in

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Casciaro, Bruno, Floriana Cappiello, Maria Rosa Loffredo, Francesca Ghirga, and Maria Luisa Mangoni. "The Potential of Frog Skin Peptides for Anti-Infective Therapies: The Case of Esculentin-1a(1-21)NH2." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 9 (2020): 1405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190722095408.

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Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are the key effectors of the innate immunity and represent promising molecules for the development of new antibacterial drugs. However, to achieve this goal, some problems need to be overcome: (i) the cytotoxic effects at high concentrations; (ii) the poor biostability and (iii) the difficulty in reaching the target site. Frog skin is one of the richest natural storehouses of AMPs, and over the years, many peptides have been isolated from it, characterized and classified into several families encompassing temporins, brevinins, nigrocins and esculentins. In this re

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Russi, Juan P., R. John Wallace, and C. James Newbold. "Influence of the pattern of peptide supply on microbial activity in the rumen simulating fermenter (RUSITEC)." British Journal of Nutrition 88, no. 1 (2002): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002585.

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The source and pattern of N supply was varied in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) in order to determine if continuous, rather than transient, availability of peptides was required for optimum ruminal fermentation. The energy source was fibre prepared from sugar-beet pulp. N was added as NH3continuously infused (AC) or peptides (Bacto®Casitone, a pancreatic hydrolysate of casein; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA) continuously infused (PC) or added as a single dose at the time of feeding (PS). Free peptides were detected in the fermenter liquid for 4 h after feeding in the AC treatme

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HETRU, Charles, Lucienne LETELLIER, Ziv OREN, Jules A. HOFFMANN, and Yechiel SHAI. "Androctonin, a hydrophilic disulphide-bridged non-haemolytic anti-microbial peptide: a plausible mode of action." Biochemical Journal 345, no. 3 (2000): 653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3450653.

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Androctonin is a 25-residue non-haemolytic anti-microbial peptide isolated from the scorpion Androctonus australis and contains two disulphide bridges. Androctonin is different from known native anti-microbial peptides, being a relatively hydrophilic and non-amphipathic molecule. This raises the possibility that the target of androctonin might not be the bacterial membrane, shown to be a target for most amphipathic lytic peptides. To shed light on its mode of action on bacteria and its non-haemolytic activity, we synthesized androctonin, its fluorescent derivatives and its all-D-amino acid ena

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Rojas, Verónica, Luis Rivas, Constanza Cárdenas, and Fanny Guzmán. "Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotic Microalgae as Emerging Sources of Antibacterial Peptides." Molecules 25, no. 24 (2020): 5804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245804.

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Cyanobacteria and microalgae are oxygen-producing photosynthetic unicellular organisms encompassing a great diversity of species, which are able to grow under all types of extreme environments and exposed to a wide variety of predators and microbial pathogens. The antibacterial compounds described for these organisms include alkaloids, fatty acids, indoles, macrolides, peptides, phenols, pigments and terpenes, among others. This review presents an overview of antibacterial peptides isolated from cyanobacteria and microalgae, as well as their synergism and mechanisms of action described so far.

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Carrizosa, Ana M., Lindsay B. Nicholson, Michael Farzan, et al. "Expansion by Self Antigen Is Necessary for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by T Cells Primed with a Cross-Reactive Environmental Antigen." Journal of Immunology 161, no. 7 (1998): 3307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.7.3307.

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Abstract Cross-reactivity with environmental antigens has been postulated as a mechanism responsible for the induction of autoimmune disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease model inducible in susceptible strains of laboratory animals by immunization with protein constituents of myelin. We used myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) peptide 139–151 and its analogues to define motifs to search a protein database for structural homologues of PLP139–151 and identified five peptides derived from microbial Ags that elicit immune responses that cross-react

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