Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Microbiologia e microbiologia clinica'
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Martins, Angela Guimarães. "Avaliação clinica e microbiologica do uso de pontas sonicas diamantadas na descontaminação radicular (estudo longitudinal)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290413.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar longitudinalmente a efetividade de pontas sônicas diamantadas (RootplanerTM), na descontaminação de superfícies radiculares de dentes unirradiculares sob parâmetros clínicos (índice de placa, sangramento à sondagem, profundidade de sondagem, nível de inserção clínica relativo, e retração gengival) e microbiológicos (cultura microbiana e PCR), comparados a instrumentação com curetas. Esta pesquisa trata-se de um teste clínico controlado randomizado com um delineamento em parcela subdividida, envolvendo 12 pacientes com moderada a avançada periodontite crônica apresentando profundidade de sondagem ³ 5 mm. Os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento inicial com sessões de remoção de placa e cálculo supragengival e instruções de higiene bucal. Posteriormente, retalho cirúrgico foi realizado e a superfície dos dentes instrumentada. Os parâmetros clínicos e microbiológicos foram avaliados no tempo inicial (T0), e em 30 dias, 6, 12 e 24 meses após a cirurgia. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística através de Análise de variância (ANOVA), teste de Tukey, realizados para todos os períodos (a=0.05), Friedman e Wilcoxon foram usados na avaliação não paramétrica das unidades formadoras de colônias. Os resultados mostraram que quando as pontas sônicas diamantadas foram comparadas a instrumentos manuais nenhuma diferença estatística foi encontrada em redução de profundidade de sondagem, índice de placa, sangramento a sondagem, ganho de inserção, recessão gengival. Bem como, nas reduções das contagens microbiológicas das UFCs e diminuição de A.a., P.g. e T.f.. Os resultados não mostraram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, apenas entre os períodos de avaliação. Concluiu-se, dentro das limitações do estudo que as pontas sônicas diamantadas podem ser uma boa alternativa terapêutica para instrumentação radicular, mantendo a estabilidade da saúde dos tecidos periodontais em longo prazo
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long term the effectiveness of diamond-coated sonic scaler insert (RootplanerTM), in the root surface debridement in single-rooted teeth on clinical (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, relative attachment level clinical, and gingival recession) and microbiological parameters (culture and PCR), compared to hand instruments. The investigation was a test-controlled randomized clinical trial with a splith-mouth design involving 12 patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontites with pocket depth ³ 5 mm. The patients were submitted to initial treatment sessions of supragingival plaque and cauculus removal and were also instructed in oral hygiene techniques. After, flap surgery was carried out and the tooth surface instrumented. Clinical and microbiological parameters, were evaluated at baseline (0), in the 30 days, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Analysis of variance and Tukey test was done goes all periods (a=0.05) and the results showed that when diamond-coated sonic scaler insert was compared to manual scalers, showed no statistical differences in probing depth reduction, plaque index, bleeding on probing, relative attachment level gain, gingival recession. As well as, reductions of the microbial counts and colony-forming units using Friedman and Wilcoxon test, and decrease of A.a, P.g. and T.f.. There were no significant differences between regard with treatments for all parameters at each re-examination. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the use the of diamond-coated sonic scaler insert can be a good alternative for root debridement, maintaining the stability of the periodontal tissues in long term
Doutorado
Periodontia
Doutor em Clínica Odontológica
Vitone, Francesca <1973>. "Tecniche di biologia molecolare per la determinazione quantitativa di HIV-DNA (integrato ed episomale) in soggetti HIV-1 infetti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/76/1/tesi_dottorato%2CVitone_2003-2007.pdf.
Full textVitone, Francesca <1973>. "Tecniche di biologia molecolare per la determinazione quantitativa di HIV-DNA (integrato ed episomale) in soggetti HIV-1 infetti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/76/.
Full textFilippone, Claudia <1978>. "Analisi funzionale di cloni genomici e subgenomici di parvovirus B19." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/79/1/Tesi_Claudia_Filippone.pdf.
Full textFilippone, Claudia <1978>. "Analisi funzionale di cloni genomici e subgenomici di parvovirus B19." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/79/.
Full textLeo, Elisa <1981>. "Marker molecolari relativi all'infezione da Papillomavirus umani: significato diagnostico e prognostico in lesioni virus-correlate." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2297/1/leo_elisa_tesi.pdf.
Full textLeo, Elisa <1981>. "Marker molecolari relativi all'infezione da Papillomavirus umani: significato diagnostico e prognostico in lesioni virus-correlate." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2297/.
Full textDe, Crignis Elisa <1982>. "Potenzialità antiretrovirali di proteine immunomodulatrici di origine animale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2796/2/Elisa.pdf.
Full textDe, Crignis Elisa <1982>. "Potenzialità antiretrovirali di proteine immunomodulatrici di origine animale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2796/.
Full textAccardo, Silvia <1976>. "Il gene plasmidico orf5 e il gene pmpD di Chlamydia trachomatis." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2911/1/ACCARDO_SILVIA_TESI.pdf.
Full textAccardo, Silvia <1976>. "Il gene plasmidico orf5 e il gene pmpD di Chlamydia trachomatis." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2911/.
Full textSchiavone, Pasqua <1971>. "Metodi biomolecolari per il follow up dei pazienti HIV positivi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3449/1/Schiavone_Pasqua_tesi.pdf.
Full textSchiavone, Pasqua <1971>. "Metodi biomolecolari per il follow up dei pazienti HIV positivi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3449/.
Full textBarbieri, Daniela <1985>. "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated diseases: between applied diagnostic and basic research." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5314/1/Barbieri_Daniela_tesi.pdf.
Full textIl Papillomavirus umano (HPV) è causa dei carcinomi della cervice uterina (tra cui adenocarcinomi, AdCa) ed è associato ad un sottogruppo di tumori dell’orofaringe (OPSCCs). Nonostante il rischio di sviluppo di tumore sia associato all’infezione da parte di alcuni genotipi virali, principalmente HPV16 e 18, il DNA virale da solo sembra non essere sufficiente in campo diagnosico. Inoltre, per tumori orofaringei il ruolo del virus non è ancora del tutto chiaro. Nella prima parte della tesi, sono state confrontate le performance riguardo la genotipizzazione di HPV su campioni clinici cervicali di una tecnica innovativa, basata su amplificazione e pirosequenziamento, e una di routine, basata su amplificazione e ibridazione inversa. Lo studio ha evidenziato performance simili tra le due metodiche, sottolineando per il sequenziamento una maggiore specificità e capacità di rilevare varianti intratipo. Nella seconda parte sono stati analizzati marker virologici (genotipizzazione, espressione delle oncoproteine virali, carica virale, stato fisico e metilazione del genoma di HPV16) in funzione dei dati clinici disponibili, per un possibile impiego nella diagnosi/prognosi di AdCa cervicali e OPSCCs HPV-associati. HPV16 si è confermato il genotipo prevalente in entrambe le popolazioni. La frequenza di metilazione nel promotore precoce virale ha mostrato una tendenza ad essere associata ad invasione negli AdCa, e ad una prognosi peggiore negli OPSCCs, emergendo come il più promettente marker diagnostico/prognostico. La terza parte, svolta presso il DKFZ di Heidelberg (Germania), ha visto l’analisi della risposta alla transfezione di IFN-k in linee cellulari tumorali HPV16-positive della cervice uterina e della regione testa-collo, per valutarne l’impiego terapeutico. Dopo 24h, è stato osservato un incremento dell’espressione di IFN-b e, di conseguenza, una up-regolazione dei geni coinvolti nella presentazione antigenica (MHC classe I ed immunoproteasoma) e nella risposta antivirale, specialmente nelle cellule cervicali, suggerendo la presenza di diversi meccanismi patogenetici tra tumori HPV-positivi dei due distretti anatomici.
Barbieri, Daniela <1985>. "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated diseases: between applied diagnostic and basic research." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5314/.
Full textIl Papillomavirus umano (HPV) è causa dei carcinomi della cervice uterina (tra cui adenocarcinomi, AdCa) ed è associato ad un sottogruppo di tumori dell’orofaringe (OPSCCs). Nonostante il rischio di sviluppo di tumore sia associato all’infezione da parte di alcuni genotipi virali, principalmente HPV16 e 18, il DNA virale da solo sembra non essere sufficiente in campo diagnosico. Inoltre, per tumori orofaringei il ruolo del virus non è ancora del tutto chiaro. Nella prima parte della tesi, sono state confrontate le performance riguardo la genotipizzazione di HPV su campioni clinici cervicali di una tecnica innovativa, basata su amplificazione e pirosequenziamento, e una di routine, basata su amplificazione e ibridazione inversa. Lo studio ha evidenziato performance simili tra le due metodiche, sottolineando per il sequenziamento una maggiore specificità e capacità di rilevare varianti intratipo. Nella seconda parte sono stati analizzati marker virologici (genotipizzazione, espressione delle oncoproteine virali, carica virale, stato fisico e metilazione del genoma di HPV16) in funzione dei dati clinici disponibili, per un possibile impiego nella diagnosi/prognosi di AdCa cervicali e OPSCCs HPV-associati. HPV16 si è confermato il genotipo prevalente in entrambe le popolazioni. La frequenza di metilazione nel promotore precoce virale ha mostrato una tendenza ad essere associata ad invasione negli AdCa, e ad una prognosi peggiore negli OPSCCs, emergendo come il più promettente marker diagnostico/prognostico. La terza parte, svolta presso il DKFZ di Heidelberg (Germania), ha visto l’analisi della risposta alla transfezione di IFN-k in linee cellulari tumorali HPV16-positive della cervice uterina e della regione testa-collo, per valutarne l’impiego terapeutico. Dopo 24h, è stato osservato un incremento dell’espressione di IFN-b e, di conseguenza, una up-regolazione dei geni coinvolti nella presentazione antigenica (MHC classe I ed immunoproteasoma) e nella risposta antivirale, specialmente nelle cellule cervicali, suggerendo la presenza di diversi meccanismi patogenetici tra tumori HPV-positivi dei due distretti anatomici.
Alessandrini, Federica <1976>. "Virus oncogeni a dna in tumori umani: studio delle infezioni da papillomavirus e poliomavirus in neoplasie di diversa origine." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5608/1/alessandrini_federica_tesi.pdf.
Full textTumor viruses induce oncogenesis in their natural host or in experimental animal systems by manipulating an array of different cellular pathways. To date, seven human viruses have been identified to cause or contribute to specific human cancers. Furthermore some viruses such as HPV, JCV and SV40, have been associated with a large number of human cancers in non conventional body sites; but, in spite of many years of research, no viral etiology have been confirmed for these tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and significance of both JCV and SV40 in human bone tumors, and HPV in breast carcinoma (BC), galactophorectomy (GF), pathological nipple discharge (ND) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Molecular biology techniques (PCR) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) were employed to examine specimens of tumor tissue from 70 bone tumors (20 Osteosarcomas[OS], 20 Giant Cell Tumors [TCG], 30 Condrosarcomas [CS]), 168 BCs, 30 GFs, 59 GBMs and 30 specimens of ND. SV40 and JCV genomes were found in70% of CS + 20% of OS, and in 13% of CS +10% of TCG, respectively. HPV DNA was detected in 30% of BC patients, in 27% of GF specimens and in 13% of NDs. HPV16 was the most common type observed in all these samples, attended by HPV18 and HPV35. In addition, HPV DNA was found in 22% of patients with GBM; in this tumor HPV6 was the most frequent type detected, followed by HPV16. ISH data showed that HPV DNA was located in breast and GBM tumor cells. Our results suggest a possible role of JCV, SV40 and HPV in the induction of these different tumors. However, detection of viruses in human tumors does not prove that they cause those malignancies. Several different criteria need to be met before viral etiology could be established.
Alessandrini, Federica <1976>. "Virus oncogeni a dna in tumori umani: studio delle infezioni da papillomavirus e poliomavirus in neoplasie di diversa origine." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5608/.
Full textTumor viruses induce oncogenesis in their natural host or in experimental animal systems by manipulating an array of different cellular pathways. To date, seven human viruses have been identified to cause or contribute to specific human cancers. Furthermore some viruses such as HPV, JCV and SV40, have been associated with a large number of human cancers in non conventional body sites; but, in spite of many years of research, no viral etiology have been confirmed for these tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and significance of both JCV and SV40 in human bone tumors, and HPV in breast carcinoma (BC), galactophorectomy (GF), pathological nipple discharge (ND) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Molecular biology techniques (PCR) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) were employed to examine specimens of tumor tissue from 70 bone tumors (20 Osteosarcomas[OS], 20 Giant Cell Tumors [TCG], 30 Condrosarcomas [CS]), 168 BCs, 30 GFs, 59 GBMs and 30 specimens of ND. SV40 and JCV genomes were found in70% of CS + 20% of OS, and in 13% of CS +10% of TCG, respectively. HPV DNA was detected in 30% of BC patients, in 27% of GF specimens and in 13% of NDs. HPV16 was the most common type observed in all these samples, attended by HPV18 and HPV35. In addition, HPV DNA was found in 22% of patients with GBM; in this tumor HPV6 was the most frequent type detected, followed by HPV16. ISH data showed that HPV DNA was located in breast and GBM tumor cells. Our results suggest a possible role of JCV, SV40 and HPV in the induction of these different tumors. However, detection of viruses in human tumors does not prove that they cause those malignancies. Several different criteria need to be met before viral etiology could be established.
Di, Furio Francesca <1984>. "Meccanismi replicativi e di regolazione dell'espressione genica di Parvovirus B19." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5694/1/difurio_francesca_tesi.pdf.
Full textParvovirus B19, human pathogenic virus of the Parvoviridae family, shows a specific tropism for erythroid precursors and a limited replication in some megakaryoblastic cell lines. In order to develop an in vitro system and study the biological features of this virus, several groups have constructed genomic clones of B19 with functional competence and able to generate infectious particles. Part of this work has focused on the functional analysis of several genomic clones of B19 to characterize the terminal regions of the virus and to identify essential requirements for their functionality. Once the virus is inside the cell, there are different levels of restriction depending on the cell's ability to support viral replication, which are not yet fully characterized. Furthermore there is increasing evidence that B19 is able to establish persistence in several tissues. The functional characteristics of the persistent viral genome are not yet known; the virus probably persists in a silent state and epigenetic mechanisms may regulate such silencing. In this study we analyzed the methylation status of the genome of B19 and its possible effect on the viral replication cycle and we investigated the potential association of viral DNA with histones during in vitro infection. The results confirm that these epigenetic events take place, supporting the hypothesis that they play an important role in the regulation of viral functionality and B19-cell interaction and are critical for the adaptation of the virus to the cellular environment. Moreover several works have proposed the hypothesis that microRNAs may also have an important value in B19-cell interaction, so in this study we evaluated the production of these small molecules during in vitro infection, searching for microRNAs (cellular and/or viral) showing sequence homology with the B19 genome and being thus specific for the virus.
Di, Furio Francesca <1984>. "Meccanismi replicativi e di regolazione dell'espressione genica di Parvovirus B19." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5694/.
Full textParvovirus B19, human pathogenic virus of the Parvoviridae family, shows a specific tropism for erythroid precursors and a limited replication in some megakaryoblastic cell lines. In order to develop an in vitro system and study the biological features of this virus, several groups have constructed genomic clones of B19 with functional competence and able to generate infectious particles. Part of this work has focused on the functional analysis of several genomic clones of B19 to characterize the terminal regions of the virus and to identify essential requirements for their functionality. Once the virus is inside the cell, there are different levels of restriction depending on the cell's ability to support viral replication, which are not yet fully characterized. Furthermore there is increasing evidence that B19 is able to establish persistence in several tissues. The functional characteristics of the persistent viral genome are not yet known; the virus probably persists in a silent state and epigenetic mechanisms may regulate such silencing. In this study we analyzed the methylation status of the genome of B19 and its possible effect on the viral replication cycle and we investigated the potential association of viral DNA with histones during in vitro infection. The results confirm that these epigenetic events take place, supporting the hypothesis that they play an important role in the regulation of viral functionality and B19-cell interaction and are critical for the adaptation of the virus to the cellular environment. Moreover several works have proposed the hypothesis that microRNAs may also have an important value in B19-cell interaction, so in this study we evaluated the production of these small molecules during in vitro infection, searching for microRNAs (cellular and/or viral) showing sequence homology with the B19 genome and being thus specific for the virus.
Avanzi, Simone <1982>. "Cell Host-Microbe Interactions: Turning Pathogen Mechanisms Into Cell's Advantages." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5759/1/avanzi_simone_tesi.pdf.
Full textAvanzi, Simone <1982>. "Cell Host-Microbe Interactions: Turning Pathogen Mechanisms Into Cell's Advantages." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5759/.
Full textClò, Alberto <1984>. "Studio della patogenesi di HIV-1 nel compartimento osseo: effetti della terapia antiretrovirale convenzionale e nuovi approcci all'eradicazione." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6206/1/Cl%C3%B2_Alberto_tesi.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study HIV-1 virus and its relation with systemic alterations observed in HIV-positive patients, in particular alterations of the skeletal system, induced by the virus or drugs, used in antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The osteoporosis frequency in HIV-positive patients is dramatically higher in respect to healthy people. Clinical studies showed how some drugs (e.g. viral protease’s inhibitors) lead to bone homeostasis impairment, increasing bone fractures’ risk. In our study, we followed up a cohort of naïve patients for 12 months, starting from the beginning of HAART, monitoring several bone markers. Our results evidenced an increase in bone turnover’s metabolic markers, confirming the impact of HAART on bone homeostasis. Later, we focused on osteoblasts, the cell type responsible of new bone matrix’s synthesis. The experiments directed on HOBIT cells revealed how the antiretroviral treatment, particularly protease inhibitors, causes apoptosis in case and higher than physiological drug concentration an had been used. However, even physiological drugs’ concentrations may downregulate bone markers, such as ALP and osteocalcin. Eventually, we have the question of HIV-1’s eradication from viral reservoirs. HAART can successfully control HIV’s viremia. Nevertheless, diverse cell types are thought to be potential reservoirs of infection, thwarting the effects of therapy. That is why we set up a new molecular approach to eradication: taking advantage of the integrase enzyme to specifically recognize the viral LTR sequences, toward hit the integrated provirus. Blending integrase and FokI endonuclease, we obtained various clones. These clones had been stably transfected into Jurkat cells, susceptible to infection. Once infected, we obtained a significant reduction in markers of infection. Thereafter the transfection of the lymphoblastoid cell line 8E5/LAV (which harbours an integrated copy of HIV into cell genome) returned very encouraging results, such as the strong reduction of integrated viral DNA.
Clò, Alberto <1984>. "Studio della patogenesi di HIV-1 nel compartimento osseo: effetti della terapia antiretrovirale convenzionale e nuovi approcci all'eradicazione." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6206/.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study HIV-1 virus and its relation with systemic alterations observed in HIV-positive patients, in particular alterations of the skeletal system, induced by the virus or drugs, used in antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The osteoporosis frequency in HIV-positive patients is dramatically higher in respect to healthy people. Clinical studies showed how some drugs (e.g. viral protease’s inhibitors) lead to bone homeostasis impairment, increasing bone fractures’ risk. In our study, we followed up a cohort of naïve patients for 12 months, starting from the beginning of HAART, monitoring several bone markers. Our results evidenced an increase in bone turnover’s metabolic markers, confirming the impact of HAART on bone homeostasis. Later, we focused on osteoblasts, the cell type responsible of new bone matrix’s synthesis. The experiments directed on HOBIT cells revealed how the antiretroviral treatment, particularly protease inhibitors, causes apoptosis in case and higher than physiological drug concentration an had been used. However, even physiological drugs’ concentrations may downregulate bone markers, such as ALP and osteocalcin. Eventually, we have the question of HIV-1’s eradication from viral reservoirs. HAART can successfully control HIV’s viremia. Nevertheless, diverse cell types are thought to be potential reservoirs of infection, thwarting the effects of therapy. That is why we set up a new molecular approach to eradication: taking advantage of the integrase enzyme to specifically recognize the viral LTR sequences, toward hit the integrated provirus. Blending integrase and FokI endonuclease, we obtained various clones. These clones had been stably transfected into Jurkat cells, susceptible to infection. Once infected, we obtained a significant reduction in markers of infection. Thereafter the transfection of the lymphoblastoid cell line 8E5/LAV (which harbours an integrated copy of HIV into cell genome) returned very encouraging results, such as the strong reduction of integrated viral DNA.
Miserocchi, Anna <1983>. "Analisi dei meccanismi patogenetici alla base del danno vascolare Hiv-indotto." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6207/1/Miserocchi_Anna_Tesi.pdf.
Full textHIV-1 infection remains nowadays a major problem of health worldwide. The introduction of a combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has greatly improved life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. However, cART cannot eradicate the infection and HIV-infected patients show different comorbidities, like central nervous system lesions, osteoporosis, renal and liver dysfunction and cardiovascular pathologies. Cardiovascular damages come from viral mechanisms and pharmacological interactions and their frequency is enhanced in HIV-positive patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are very important for endothelial homeostasis, therefore we decided to analyze the effects of HIV and cART in these cells. Our results show that HIV-1 and its proteins gp120 and Tat increase MSC apoptosis and alter MSC differentiation towards endothelial and adipogenic lineages. Moreover, also antiretroviral molecules, in particular protease inhibitors, disrupt MSC differentiation regulation.
Miserocchi, Anna <1983>. "Analisi dei meccanismi patogenetici alla base del danno vascolare Hiv-indotto." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6207/.
Full textHIV-1 infection remains nowadays a major problem of health worldwide. The introduction of a combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has greatly improved life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. However, cART cannot eradicate the infection and HIV-infected patients show different comorbidities, like central nervous system lesions, osteoporosis, renal and liver dysfunction and cardiovascular pathologies. Cardiovascular damages come from viral mechanisms and pharmacological interactions and their frequency is enhanced in HIV-positive patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are very important for endothelial homeostasis, therefore we decided to analyze the effects of HIV and cART in these cells. Our results show that HIV-1 and its proteins gp120 and Tat increase MSC apoptosis and alter MSC differentiation towards endothelial and adipogenic lineages. Moreover, also antiretroviral molecules, in particular protease inhibitors, disrupt MSC differentiation regulation.
Morini, Silvia <1986>. "Studio dell'interazione di HIV-1 sulle cellule progenitrici ematopoietiche CD34+ (HPCs)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6212/1/Morini_Silvia_tesi.pdf.
Full textBeside the CD4 T cells progressive loss, HIV-infected subjects exhibit some peripheral cytopenias. In particular, anemia is found in 10% of asymptomatic and in 92% of AIDS patients and cART therapy is not able to solve this problem. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying this cytopenia are related to cytokine dysregulation, damage of HPCs, impairment of stromal cells and inhibition of the differentiation of HPCs. The CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells were separated from cord blood, differentiated towards the erythroid lineage and treated with active HIV-1, heat-inactivated virus and gp120. First of all we demonstrate that HPCs are not susceptible to infection and the gp120-CD4/CXCR4 binding cause a TGF-β1 mediated apoptosis. The innovative aspect of this study, however, is evident examining the effect of gp120 during differentiation towards the erythrocyte. Two experimental protocols are used: in the first cells are initially treated for 24 hours with gp120 ( HIV-1 or with heat-inactivated ) and then induced into differentiation, in the second cells are firstly differentiated and then treated with gp120. The negative "priming" induces a gp120-mediated apoptosis 48 hours after treatment and a differentiation reduction. If these cells are instead primarily differentiated for 24 hours and then treated with gp120, in the first 5 days after treatment, there is an increase of proliferation and differentiation, which is followed by a very marked apoptosis (also TGF-β1 mediated and due to gp120-CD4/CXCR4 binding) and a drastic reduction of differentiation. These results allowed us to define the complexity of the genesis of anemia in these patients and suggest new therapeutic targets for these subjects already receiving cART .
Morini, Silvia <1986>. "Studio dell'interazione di HIV-1 sulle cellule progenitrici ematopoietiche CD34+ (HPCs)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6212/.
Full textBeside the CD4 T cells progressive loss, HIV-infected subjects exhibit some peripheral cytopenias. In particular, anemia is found in 10% of asymptomatic and in 92% of AIDS patients and cART therapy is not able to solve this problem. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying this cytopenia are related to cytokine dysregulation, damage of HPCs, impairment of stromal cells and inhibition of the differentiation of HPCs. The CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells were separated from cord blood, differentiated towards the erythroid lineage and treated with active HIV-1, heat-inactivated virus and gp120. First of all we demonstrate that HPCs are not susceptible to infection and the gp120-CD4/CXCR4 binding cause a TGF-β1 mediated apoptosis. The innovative aspect of this study, however, is evident examining the effect of gp120 during differentiation towards the erythrocyte. Two experimental protocols are used: in the first cells are initially treated for 24 hours with gp120 ( HIV-1 or with heat-inactivated ) and then induced into differentiation, in the second cells are firstly differentiated and then treated with gp120. The negative "priming" induces a gp120-mediated apoptosis 48 hours after treatment and a differentiation reduction. If these cells are instead primarily differentiated for 24 hours and then treated with gp120, in the first 5 days after treatment, there is an increase of proliferation and differentiation, which is followed by a very marked apoptosis (also TGF-β1 mediated and due to gp120-CD4/CXCR4 binding) and a drastic reduction of differentiation. These results allowed us to define the complexity of the genesis of anemia in these patients and suggest new therapeutic targets for these subjects already receiving cART .
Silenzi, Silvia <1984>. "Characterization of West Nile virus strains isolated in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6759/1/Silenzi_Silvia_tesi.pdf.
Full textSilenzi, Silvia <1984>. "Characterization of West Nile virus strains isolated in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6759/.
Full textSavini, Claudia <1987>. "Transfer of Viral and Mitochondrial Nucleic Acids through Microvesicles: a Possible Mechanism of Genetic Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7475/1/Savini_Claudia_Tesi.pdf.
Full textSavini, Claudia <1987>. "Transfer of Viral and Mitochondrial Nucleic Acids through Microvesicles: a Possible Mechanism of Genetic Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7475/.
Full textMusumeci, Giuseppina <1985>. "HIV e terapia antiretrovirale: effetti sulla densita di massa ossea in soggetti sieropositivi e strategie preventive innovative." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7571/1/Musumeci-Giuseppina.pdf.
Full textSeveral studies have shown that HIV infection and treatment with antiretroviral drugs can induce a significant increase in cases of osteopenia / osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients. The loss of bone mass density (BMD) is related to the functional loss of balance of bone forming unit (BFU) that is characterized by fine adjustment that normally elapses between the trophic action of osteoblasts and bone resorption action of osteoclasts. In the first part of this work we evaluate the effect of HIV, specific viral proteins and some conditioned medium on the differentiation of osteoclasts. The achieved results show the contribute of the therapy and the viral protein on the osteoclast differentiation, with a consequent higher bone resorption and a decrease of Bone Mass Density. In the second part of this work, we analysed the antiviral activity of mini CD4 M48U1 peptide formulated in HEC on activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected by R5 and X4–tropic HIV strains. The results demonstrated that M48U1 prevented the HIV-1BaL and HIV-1IIIB infection in activated PBMCs with the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) determined at 30 and 20.3 nM, respectively. In addition, M48U1 was tested in association with Tenofovir in HEC and these two antiretroviral drugs synergized for the HIV inhibition. It is noteworthy that M48U1 alone or in combination with Tenofovir in HEC hydrogel strongly inhibited HIV replication in an organ-like structure of human cervico-vaginal tissue without any induction of significant tissue toxicity.
Musumeci, Giuseppina <1985>. "HIV e terapia antiretrovirale: effetti sulla densita di massa ossea in soggetti sieropositivi e strategie preventive innovative." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7571/.
Full textSeveral studies have shown that HIV infection and treatment with antiretroviral drugs can induce a significant increase in cases of osteopenia / osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients. The loss of bone mass density (BMD) is related to the functional loss of balance of bone forming unit (BFU) that is characterized by fine adjustment that normally elapses between the trophic action of osteoblasts and bone resorption action of osteoclasts. In the first part of this work we evaluate the effect of HIV, specific viral proteins and some conditioned medium on the differentiation of osteoclasts. The achieved results show the contribute of the therapy and the viral protein on the osteoclast differentiation, with a consequent higher bone resorption and a decrease of Bone Mass Density. In the second part of this work, we analysed the antiviral activity of mini CD4 M48U1 peptide formulated in HEC on activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected by R5 and X4–tropic HIV strains. The results demonstrated that M48U1 prevented the HIV-1BaL and HIV-1IIIB infection in activated PBMCs with the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) determined at 30 and 20.3 nM, respectively. In addition, M48U1 was tested in association with Tenofovir in HEC and these two antiretroviral drugs synergized for the HIV inhibition. It is noteworthy that M48U1 alone or in combination with Tenofovir in HEC hydrogel strongly inhibited HIV replication in an organ-like structure of human cervico-vaginal tissue without any induction of significant tissue toxicity.
Chiereghin, Angela <1982>. "Epstein-Barr Virus-Related B Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7611/1/Chiereghin_Angela_Tesi.pdf.
Full textChiereghin, Angela <1982>. "Epstein-Barr Virus-Related B Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7611/.
Full textBua, Gloria <1987>. "Parvovirus B19: Virus-Cell Interactions, Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Development of Compounds with Antiviral Activity." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7624/1/PhDthesis_BUA.pdf.
Full textOrtalli, Margherita <1986>. "Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Drug Discovery Studies of an Emerging Infection: Human Leishmaniasis." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8057/1/Ortalli_Margherita_tesi.pdf.
Full textDe, Carolis Sabrina <1984>. "Role of Exosomes in the Transfer of Viral Nucleic Acids to Recipients Cells: in Vitro Studies with Cell Line Supernatant and Patient-Derived Exosomes." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8096/1/Frontespizio%2BTesiDottoratoFINALE.pdf.
Full textLongo, Serena <1988>. "Il ruolo del virus dell'immunodeficienza umana nelle alterazioni linfocitarie e nella coinfezione da Leishmania." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8603/1/longo_serena_tesi.pdf.
Full textAmong proteins encoded by HIV-1, Tat appears to be responsible for the regulation of B cells of the germinal center by constitutive activation of the NF-kB factor involved in lymphomagenesis. To try to define this interaction, in the first part of the project the presence of a possible correlation between Tat and NF-kB in cultures of germinal center cells (GCs), isolated from lymphoid organs, was sought. The expression of NF-kB was evaluated by Western blot from cultures of activated GCs and treated with Tat. The data obtained indicate that the expression of NF-kB in GCs cells is finely regulated over time and its modulation is related to the presence of Tat. In the future, the micro-array analysis of gene expression profiles in Tat presence/absence is necessary to determine the signal transduction pathways and the transcription factors involved. Since many infections occur during HIV infection, the Leishmania/HIV coinfection was analyzed in the second part of the study. The early diagnosis of Leishmania infection is essential to introduce targeted therapy, but is rarely considered in diagnostic algorithms with consequent under-diagnosis. Recently, in Emilia Romagna there has been an increase in cases of leishmaniasis, therefore, a study was conducted on healthy donors in Valsamoggia (BO) to demonstrate the real prevalence of asymptomatic infections. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in 27/260 samples analyzed by Western blot (10.4%), while Leishmania DNA was found in 4/260 samples by real-time PCR (total prevalence = 11.5%) . From this study it has emerged that Valsamoggia is an area with a high prevalence of asymptomatic infections, especially since it is only the tip of an iceberg in which the risk of reactivation must be considered in immunocompromised subjects, such as HIV-positive patients, who need an early diagnosis.
Conti, Ilaria <1990>. "Human Parvovirus B19: from the development of a reverse genetics system to antiviral strategies." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8773/1/Conti_Ilaria_tesi.pdf.
Full textBertoldi, Alessia <1990>. "HIV e reservoir." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8875/1/bertoldi_alessia_tesi.pdf.
Full textPersistence of transcriptionally silent but replication-competent HIV reservoir in resting CD4+T cells constitutes the major barrier to viral eradication. Small latent reservoirs are associated to a better prognosis and predictive of less likelihood to undergo virological rebound during simplified therapy. Therefore, the amount of HIV-DNA in latently infected cells is critical to evaluate the efficacy of available regimens and avoid the potential “re-seeding” in aviremic patients. Although the quantification of total HIV-DNA (circular and integrated) overestimates reservoir size because it includes not replication-competent genomes, it represents a simple and widely used biomarker reflecting global viral reservoir. Therefore, first we optimized PCR methods for detection of circular forms of HIV-DNA in HIV-positive patients. We successfully measured the 2-LTR form, but not the 1-LTR form due to homologies with genomic DNA sequence. As part of an ongoing project on HIV-DNA, we tested our in house assay on seven PBMCs samples of treatment-naïve patients collected at 0(T0), 6(T1), 12(T2), 18(T3) and 24(T4) months after starting ART. Preliminary data on T0,T1, and T2 time points showed that total HIV-DNA is stable during time (P>0,1); likewise, the amount of 2-LTR forms did not show significant differences between T0 and T1 time points (P>0,5). However, we observed a statistically significant difference between 2-LTR form and total HIV-DNA amounts at T0 (P<0,05). The second part of this study focused on TILDA, a method that detects only transcriptionally-competent proviruses. Hence, we adapted TILDA to our experimental conditions performing the modified assay in three long-term treated patients. Moreover, considering that the frequency of non-B subtype infections is constantly increasing and TILDA has been developed based on subtype B virus sequence, we modified the protocol to detect subtype C virus, the most prevalent subtype worldwide. We successfully perform the new version of TILDA in three patients harboring subtype C viruses.
Piccirilli, Giulia <1983>. "Human congenital cytomegalovirus infection: characteristics and pathogenesis of fetal brain damage." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9138/1/Piccirilli_Giulia_tesi.pdf.
Full textD'Urbano, Vanessa <1991>. "HIV-1 infection: back and forth between virus and host." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9531/1/TesiDottorato_VanessaD%27URBANO.pdf.
Full textDe, Pascali Alessandra Mistral <1993>. "Leishmaniasis in the immunocompromised population: evaluation of strategies for screening and monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10004/1/Thesis%20PhDfinal.pdf.
Full textReggiani, Alessandro <1993>. "A genome editing approach to the study of Parvovirus B19." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10210/1/Reggiani%20PhD%20Thesis%20revised.pdf.
Full textToscani, Silvia <1993>. "Abbattimento di As(V) per riduzione ad As(III) e complessazione con nanoparticelle di ferro idrossido biogenerate da Klebsiella oxytoca DSM 29614." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12627.
Full textDI, LUCA MARIA CHIARA. "Structural and Functional Studies on Group A Streptococcus." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/401692.
Full textDE, ARPAN. "Streptococcus mutans X-prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase as a target against biofilm formation unravelled by antihuman DPP IV drugs: a new paradigm for the synthesis of innovative anti-caries agents." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/401720.
Full textFilippini, Federica. "VALUTAZIONE DELLA RISPOSTA UMORALE E CELLULO-MEDIATA CONTRO SARS-COV-2 EVOCATA DAL VACCINO PFIZER mRNA BNT162b2 IN PAZIENTI IMMUNOSOPPRESSI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11379/570888.
Full textIn this study, we analyzed T cell-mediated response after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in immunosuppressed patients and patients with common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID). We enrolled 38 patients, from the Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, of the A.O. Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy, and 11 healthy sex- and age- matched controls (HC). Four patients were affected by CVID and 34 by chronic rheumatic diseases (RDs). All patients with RDs were treated by corticosteroid therapy and/or immunosuppressive treatment and/or biological drugs: 14 patients were treated with abatacept, 10 with rituximab and 10 with tocilizumab. Total antibody titer to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, CD4+ and CD4+-CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response was analyzed by interferon- (IFN-) release assay, the production of IFN-γ-inducible (CXCL9 and CXCL10) and innate-immunity chemokines (CCL2, CXCL8 and CCL5) by cytometric bead array after stimulation with different spike peptides. The expression of CD40L, CD137, IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17 on CD4 and CD8 T cells, evaluating their activation status, after SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides stimulation, was analyzed by intracellular flow cytometry staining. The main findings were (i) a reduced anti-S response in ABA-treated group, restored after the third dose of vaccine; (ii) an impaired T cell activation, represented by a reduction of IFN-γ and related chemokines; (iii) a reduction of effector memory CD8+ T cells in ABA-treated group; (iiii) a significant ability of ABA treated group to mount a CD4 T cell response, when stimulated with spike derived antigens. Our work was limited by the low number of patients enrolled but performing extended cellular assessments, contributed to explain which kind of immune response patients chronically exposed to different immunosuppressive regimen are able to generate in response to COVID-19 vaccination. The preserved ability to generate clones of CD4+ T lymphocytes specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins represents the assurance of an effective protection of vaccination to SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, after the third dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, ABA-treated patients acquired the capability to produce a strong antibody response, despite they maintained a significant reduction of CD8+ T response. All these data represent a critical message from laboratory research bench to clinical patients’ side, suggesting that repeated vaccine doses may be necessary to optimize the immunological response and to induce more robust serological responses in these high-risk vulnerable patients.
Russo, Valentina. "Potenzialità immunomodulanti di Akkermansia muciniphila in modelli animali di inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/66363.
Full textCirca 500 specie diverse di batteri colonizzano il tratto gastro-intestinale, in una quantità pari a 1000 miliardi/grammo, dando vita all’ecosistema microbico commensale, le cui dimensioni ne fanno un vero e proprio organo metabolicamente attivo. La microflora intestinale, che risiede principalmente nel colon, svolge funzioni molto importanti per la salute del nostro organismo come la sintesi di vitamine, acidi grassi (butirrato e proprionato) e amminoacidi, ma è anche in grado di interagire con la barriera mucosale ed il sistema immunitario locale. La mucosa intestinale normale è costantemente esposta ad un’enorme carica antigenica presente nel lume, cui la flora batterica residente contribuisce in modo imponente. Infatti, l’infiammazione rappresenta un fenomeno normale nell’intestino, una cosiddetta “infiammazione fisiologica”, in quanto i batteri commensali stimolano regolarmente il sistema immunitario. Quando le strutture preposte al mantenimento dell’omeostasi immunitaria non funzionano correttamente si passa ad una situazione di infiammazione non controllata e quindi all’instaurarsi delle patologie infiammatorie intestinali, anche se, a causa della complessità del microbiota, ancora non è chiara la funzione svolta dai batteri commensali e da quelli patogeni. Le IBD, come il morbo di Crohn e la colite ulcerosa, sono disordini immuno-mediati perché causano un’abnorme risposta immunitaria e provocano un’infiammazione cronica a livello del tratto gastro-intestinale, accompagnata da sintomi come dolori addominali, diarrea e perdita di sangue. Recentemente è stato isolato, nel tratto intestinale, un nuovo batterio chiamato Akkermansia muciniphila, appartenente al genere Verrucomicrobia. Akkermansia muciniphila è un batterio Gram-nagativo, anaerobio stretto, non mobile, asporigeno a forma di cocco o bastoncello con un’insolita struttura cellulare, con sporgenze simili a verruche cellulari, capace di crescere singolarmente o in coppia. Il mio lavoro si è concentrato sull’approfondimento delle caratteristiche fenotipiche (metabolismo degli zuccheri ed attività enzimatica) e di antibiotico resistenza di A. muciniphila, germe fino ad oggi ancora poco conosciuto. La presenza di A. muciniphila nell’uomo viene associata ad un buon equilibrio della microflora intestinale e quindi in grado di svolgere un’azione benefica nell’organismo ospite. Allo scopo di avvalorare queste affermazioni, si è deciso di studiare il ruolo di A. muciniphila in modelli animali di infiammazione intestinale indotta da sodio destrano solfato (DSS). Gli animali sono stati suddivisi in gruppi: al primo gruppo è stato somministrato il germe vivo, al secondo quello morto, mentre al gruppo di controllo è stata somministrata solo acqua. Successivamente è stata indotta la colite sperimentale. Per analizzare l’andamento della malattia sono stati presi in considerazione tre parametri fondamentali: peso corporeo, peso del colon e DAI (disease activity index). I risultati di questi monitoraggi dimostrano che A. muciniphila è in grado di proteggere gli animali dai sintomi tipici della colite, che colpiscono, invece, quelli non trattati. Anche l’analisi delle citochine sembra confermare la funzione protettiva del batterio durante le manifestazioni infiammatorie intestinali, perché l’espressione delle citochine durante la colite presenta livelli minori negli animali pre-trattati con Akkermansia muciniphila viva. In conclusione, è chiaro che questo nuovo germe Akkermansia muciniphila rappresenta uno di quei batteri responsabili dell’apporto benefico all’intestino e sembra avere un ruolo immunomodulante importante in modelli infiammatori intestinali: i dati dimostrano che il germe, presente nella normale microflora intestinale di individui adulti, è in grado di svolgere un ruolo benefico in corso di IBD. Questo promettente risultato ci permette di auspicare che A. muciniphila possa essere sfruttato, in futuro, come un ottimo target terapeutico nella cura delle patologie infiammatorie intestinali.