Dissertations / Theses: 'Microbiologia Oral'

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Lopes, Pedro André Ferreira Campos. "Gingipains como factores de virulência na cavidade oral." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/896.

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Mestrado em Microbiologia
Porphyromonas gingivalis, uma bactéria anaeróbia Gram negativa, é um importante agente etiológico da doença periodontal, sendo encontrada em bolsas periodontais que apresentam doença activa. A actividade proteolítica desencadeada por este microrganismo desempenha um papel chave na sua patogenicidade. P. gingivalis secreta um elevado número de proteases de cisteína como a periodontain, PrtT e gingipains (R1, R2 e K). Utilizando a informação disponível sobre estrutura e função de proteínas nas bases de dados internacionais (UniProtKB, Merops Database) e informação bibliográfica, caracterizam-se estrutural e funcionalmente as gingipains. Essa informação foi utilizada para esclarecer a nível molecular as interacções descritas entre gingipains e algumas moléculas do hospedeiro. Salientam-se o esclarecimento de possíveis locais de corte das gingipains em inibidores naturais das elastases, identificação molecular de um local de corte na proMMP 1 e 3 e consequente activação desta molécula e a previsão da degradação do inibidor de elastases alfa1antitripsina pela interpain A, uma protease de císteína de Prevotella intermedia com elevada homologia estrutural com as proteases de cisteína PrtT e periodontain de P. gingivalis. Com a integração da informação obtida, sugere-se um possível mecanismo molecular da sinergia criada entre proteínases de cisteína no sentido de promover a doença periodontal. ABSTRACT: Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram negative anaerobe is considered an etiological agent of periodontal disease and is frequently found in periodontal pockets with the active disease.The proteolitic activity associated with this bacteria is considered a key virulence factor. P. gingivalis secretes several cysteine proteases such as periodontain, PrtT and the gingipains (R1, R2 e K). Using the available information on protein structure and function available in international databases such as UniProtKB, Merops Database and bibliographic references, the gingipains were characterized in terms of structure and function. The information obtained was used to clarify the molecular interactions already described between gingipains and host molecules. Possible cleavage sites were identified in host produced elastase inhibitors and in pro-MMP3. The sugestion that the elastase inhibitor alpha1-antitrypsin is also degraded by interpain A is also made. Interpain A is a cystein protease of Prevotella intermedia sharing a high homology with the PrtT and periodontain of P. gingivalis. The integration of the information obtained suggests a synergistic molecular mechanism by which cystein proteases can be responsible for clinical manifestations of periodontal disease.

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Martins, Celso Filipe Ferreira. "Functional polymers as antimicrobial agents for oral disinfection." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9539.

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Mestrado em Biologia Aplicada - Microbiologia Clínica e Ambiental
A flora microbiana da boca é uma das mais ricas e diversas do corpo humano. É no entanto, altamente variável de indivíduo para indivíduo, sendo por isso, impossível estabelecer com rigor o número e tipo de espécies que fazem parte desse bioma. Microrganismos patogénicos presentes na boca têm vindo a ser progressivamente associados a patologias de sistemas orgânicos que ultrapassam o âmbito estrito da cavidade oral. São diversos os casos descritos de endocardites, cancro, infeções respiratórias e até diabetes, provocados por microrganismos presentes na flora oral. Dada a relevância clínica que as infeções orais têm vindo a assumir nos últimos anos, o conhecimento detalhado sobre a composição da microflora oral e a sua suscetibilidade a compostos antimicrobianos passíveis de aplicação em desinfeção oral reveste-se de particular relevância. Foram efetuadas recolhas de amostras microbiológicas da boca de pacientes da clínica de medicina dentária universitária do Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, com o objetivo de isolar o maior número possível de estirpes encontradas para, posteriormente, se testar a eficácia antimicrobiana de dois oligómeros previamente sintetizados no decurso do projeto. Foram isoladas 103 estirpes, representando 37 espécies diferentes. Cada um dos 103 isolados obtidos foi caracterizado quanto à sua suscetibilidade aos compostos PMETOX-DDA e LPEI através da determinação da concentração mínima inibitória (MIC). Os valores médios de MIC obtidos foram de 0,530 mg.mL-1 para LPEI e 0,723 mg.mL-1 para PMETOX-DDA, sendo os valores de dispersão mais elevados para LPEI. Ambos os polímeros foram eficazes e, possivelmente, complementares enquanto agentes antimicrobianos. Os resultados deste estudo são consistentes com os previamente obtidos em ensaios microbiológicos preliminares, confirmando as poli-oxazolinas como uma promissora nova alternativa terapêutica em alternativa a agentes antimicrobianos convencionais. Paralelamente, informação sobre a composição da microflora dos diferentes compartimentos da boca foi analisada em conjunto com informação sobre a história clínica e hábitos de higiene oral de cada paciente, recolhidos por médicos dentistas através de observação e inquérito. Foram obtidos resultados significativos do teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis (p <0,05) na análise a alguns hábitos de higiene e do historial clínico. Os valores da análise de similaridade e dissimilaridade entre grupos (SIMPER) foram estatisticamente relevantes, assim como a análise ANOSIM (global R = 0,765, com um nível de significância estatística de amostra de 0,1%) confirmando perfis de distribuição diferentes de acordo com as diferentes zonas da boca. A escovagem da língua e uso do fio dental são os hábitos de higiene oral mais relevantes na colonização oral por microrganismos.
The microbial flora of the mouth is one of the richest and most diverse in the human body. However, it is highly variable from individual to individual being, therefore, impossible to determine the exact number and kind of species that are part of this biome. Pathogens present in the mouth have been progressively associated with diseases of organic systems that go beyond the strict scope of the oral cavity. There are several reported cases of endocarditis, cancer, respiratory infections and even diabetes, caused by microorganisms in the oral flora. Given the clinical relevance that oral infections have been taking in recent years, a detailed knowledge about the composition of oral microflora and its susceptibility to antimicrobial compounds likely to be applied in oral disinfection, assumes particular relevance. Microbiological sampling of patients from the mouth of the university dental clinic of the Institute of Health Sciences Egas Moniz was conducted, in order to isolate the largest possible number of strains to subsequently test the efficacy of two antimicrobial oligomers, previously synthesized in the course of the project. A set of 103 strains, representing 37 different species, was obtained. Each of the 103 isolates was characterized for their susceptibility to compounds PMETOX-DDA and LPEI by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Mean obtained MIC values were 0.530 mg.mL-1 to LPEI and 0.723 mg.mL-1 to PMETOX-DDA, being dispersion values higher to LPEI. Both polymers were effective and possibly complementary as antimicrobial agents. The results of this study are consistent with results previously obtained in preliminary microbiological assays, confirming poly(oxazoline)s as a promising new therapeutic alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents. In addition, information on the composition of the microflora of the mouth of different compartments was analyzed along with information on the clinical history and oral hygiene habits of each patient, collected by dentists through observation and investigation. Statistically significant results of non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test were obtained (p-value<0.05) for some hygiene habits and medical history events. SIMPER analysis values of dissimilarity between groups and similarity within groups were statistically relevant, as well as the ANOSIM analysis (global R=0.765, with a significance level of sample statistic of 0.1%), confirming the existence of different distribution profiles according to different areas of the mouth. Tongue brushing and flossing are the more relevant oral hygiene habits in oral colonization by microorganisms.

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Teixeira, Sílvia Regina Loureiro. "Análise da variabilidade de sistema de regulação de dois componentes FimSR e expressão do operon fimA em Porphyromonas gingivalis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-19062013-082012/.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a hipótese de que polimorfismo na região que codifica o sistema de dois componentes FimSR e seus níveis de transcrição influenciaria expressão de fímbrias e a capacidade de adesão de Porphyromonas gingivalis. Foram avaliadas 21 cepas clínicas e as cepas de referência 33277 (fimbriada) e W83 (não fimbriada). A presença de cápsula foi determinada em 13/21 cepas e de fímbrias em 15/21. Todas as cepas foram capazes de aderir às células (eficiência de 1,2 a 6,1%). Não houve correlação entre os genótipos fimA, presença de fímbrias / cápsula e perfis de macrorestrição por PFGE. Diferenças na transcrição de fimA não podem ser atribuídas a diferenças na região promotora de fimSR. fimA foi regulado positivamente após interação com células epiteliais na maioria das cepas. Os dados indicam que a regulação de fimA é cepa específica. Cepas não-fimbriadas podem apresentar outras estratégias para aderir às células, sugerindo que, além das fímbrias, outras estruturas poderiam desempenhar um papel na interação dessa espécie com as células.
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that polymorphism in genes encoding the two-component system FimSR and their transcription levels would influence the expression of fimbriae and adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis. We evaluated 21 clinical strains and reference strains 33277 (fimbriate) and W83 (non fimbriated). The presence of a capsule was determined in 13/21 strains and the presence of fimbriae in 15/21. All strains were able to adhere to the cells (efficiency from 1.2 to 6.1%). There was no correlation between genotypes fimA, presence of fimbriae / capsule and macrorestriction profiles by PFGE. Differences in transcription of fimA could not be attributed to differences in the promoter region of fimS. fimA was upregulated after interaction with epithelial cells in most strains. The data indicate that regulation of fimA is strain specific. Non-fimbriated strains may have other strategies to adhere to epithelial cells, suggesting that in addition to fimbriae, other structures could play a role in the interaction of that specie with cells.

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Ferronato, Bruno de Oliveira. "Phrynops geoffroanus (Testudines, Chelidae) em ambiente antrópico: perfil hematológico e microbiota oral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-17072008-145434/.

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Phrynops geoffroanus é uma espécie de quelônio com ampla distribuição na América do Sul, ocupando diversos tipos de habitat, inclusive rios urbanos poluídos. Com o objetivo de se conhecer aspectos ecológicos da espécie em ambientes antropizados, durante os anos de 2006 e 2007 foi realizado um estudo na bacia do rio Piracicaba, tendo como sítios amostrais o rio Piracicaba e seu afluente o ribeirão Piracicamirim. Um dos temas deste estudo foi à avaliação de aspectos sanitários da espécie. Foi investigado o perfil hematológico dos cágados no rio Piracicaba e ribeirão Piracicamirim, e avaliado um índice de estresse (razão heterófilo/linfócito), que além dos dois corpos d\'água foi adicionado um grupo de animais provenientes de cativeiro, da Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. A diferença entre um rio de maior volume, Piracicaba, e seu afluente Piracicamirim, ambos poluídos e com diferentes históricos de ocupação do solo, pouco influenciaram nas variações dos dados hematológicos dos cágados e os animais não apresentaram nenhum sinal de enfermidade através dos resultados obtidos no hemograma. Estas análises foram o tema do primeiro capítulo desta dissertação. Outro aspecto sanitário avaliado foi a microbiota bacteriana oral dos cágados em ambos os corpos d\'água, abordado no segundo capítulo. As amostras foram incubadas a 25 e 37ºC. Avaliou-se a patogenicidade das bactérias tanto para os cágados quanto para seres humanos. Houve crescimento de bactérias patogênicas para o homem e para os animais e a bactéria mais prevalente a 37ºC foi a Escherichia coli. Apesar disso, os cágados não apresentaram sinal aparente de infecção. Estudos de longo prazo são recomendados para animais residentes em ambientes antropizados, monitorando-se o estado sanitário e aspectos ecológicos e demográficos.
Phrynops geoffroanus is a freshwater turtle species, with a wide distribution in South America, living in many types of habitats, including polluted urban rivers. During 2006 and 2007, aiming to study ecological aspects of the species in anthropogenic environments, it was conducted an investigation at Piracicaba River Basin, in two sample sites, the Piracicaba river and its tributary, Piracicamirim stream. One of the topics studied was a health assessment of the turtles. It was examined the blood profile in Piracicaba and Piracicamirim turtles and evaluated a measure of stress (heterophil/lymphocyte ratio), that had another study group besides the animals from the rivers, turtles in captivity from Sao Paulo Zoo Park Foundation. The difference between a large river, Piracicaba and its tributary Piracicamirim, both polluted and with different soil use and occupation had a little influence on turtles\' hematological variation, and the animals did not show any sign of disease through the blood profile examination. These evaluations were the subject of the thesis\' first chapter. Another part of the health assessment study, subject of the second chapter, was the oral microbiota investigation, performed in Piracicaba and Piracicamirim turtles. The samples were incubated at 25 and 37º Celsius, aiming to check the bacterium\'s pathogenicity for the animals and for humans. The results showed growth of pathogenic bacterium for both and the most prevalent bacteria at 37ºC was Escherichia coli. Although, the turtles did not show any sign of infection. Long-term studies are suggested for turtles living in anthropogenic environments to monitor their health status, demography and ecological issues.

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Vasconcellos, Andréa Araújo de 1986. "Influência do pH de biofilmes de Candida albicans na susceptibilidade ao fluconazol." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290232.

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Orientador: Wander José da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Na cavidade oral, a colonização por Candida albicans em nichos com valores distintos de pH contribui para o desenvolvimento de candidose associada ao uso de prótese. O tratamento dessa infecção tem sido facilitado utilizando-se o fluconazol (FLZ). Entretanto, não está claro se o pH dos biofilmes de C. albicans interfere na susceptibilidade destes ao FLZ. Dessa forma, neste trabalho foi avaliada a influência do pH de biofilmes de C. albicans na susceptibilidade ao FLZ. Testes de susceptibilidade ao FLZ foram realizados em células planctônicas e em biofilmes em três condições de pH (4,0, 5,5 ou 7,0). Testes de concentração inibitória mínima, concentração fungicida mínima e tempo de morte celular foram realizados para avaliar a susceptibilidade ao FLZ de células planctônicas. Para a susceptibilidade de biofilmes, Candida albicans ATCC 90028 foi desenvolvida na superfície de discos de resina a base de poli (metilmetacrilato) por um período de 48 horas. Em seguida, 2,56 ?g/mL de FLZ foram adicionados aos grupos experimentais por 24 horas, e os biofilmes foram analisados quanto à quantificação celular, bioatividade, secreção de proteinases e fosfolipases e parâmetros estruturais, como bio-volume, espessura média e coeficiente de rugosidade. A quantificação celular foi determinada por diluição decimal seriada, e a bioatividade foi avaliada pelo ensaio de XTT. A secreção de enzimas foi determinada por métodos colorimétricos. Microscopia confocal de varredura a laser foi usada para avaliar bio-volume, espessura média e coeficiente de rugosidade dos biofilmes. Todos os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de análise de variância com dois fatores, seguido do teste de Tukey (? = 0,05). Para as células planctônicas, aumento na susceptibilidade ao FLZ foi observado com o valor mais alto de pH. Biofilmes desenvolvidos em pH 5,5 mostraram menor susceptibilidade ao FLZ em relação à quantificação celular (p < 0,05). Células de C. albicans expostas ao FLZ apresentaram menor bioatividade (p < 0,001). Quanto à atividade enzimática, maior produção de proteinase foi observada em biofilmes desenvolvidos em pH 4,0 (p < 0,001), enquanto houve valores aumentados de fosfolipase nos biofilmes desenvolvidos em pH 4,0 e 7,0 (p < 0,05). Considerando os parâmetros estruturais, os biofilmes desenvolvidos em pH 5,5, sem exposição ao FLZ, mostraram maior bio-volume e espessura média (p < 0,05), enquanto os biofilmes expostos ao FLZ mostraram coeficiente maior de rugosidade (p < 0,001). Dentro das condições estudadas, conclui-se que o pH dos biofilmes de C. albicans modula a susceptibilidade destes ao FLZ
Abstract: In the oral cavity, a successful colonization by Candida albicans in sites with different pH values contributes to the development of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. The treatment of this infection has been facilitated using fluconazole (FLZ). However, it is not clear how the pH of C. albicans biofilms can interfere in the susceptibility of FLZ. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of pH of C. albicans biofilms in the susceptibility to FLZ. Susceptibility tests to FLZ were performed in planktonic cells and biofilms under three different pH values (4.0, 5.5 or 7.0). Minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal fungicidal concentration and time kill tests were used to evaluate the susceptibility in planktonic cells. For biofilms susceptibility, Candida albicans ATCC 90028 was allowed to be developed on poly (methlymethacrylate) resin discs surfaces for a period of 48 hours. Then, 2.56 ?g/mL of FLZ was added to the experimental groups for 24 hours and biofilms were analyzed by cell quantification, bioactivity, secretion of proteinases and phospholipases and structural parameters of bio-volume, average thickness and roughness coefficient. Cell quantification was determined by serial dilution, and bioactivity was evaluated by XTT assay. Secretion of enzymes was determined by colorimetric methods. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate the bio-volume, average thickness and roughness coefficient of biofilms. All data were statistically analyzed by two?way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test (? = 0.05). For planktonic cells, an increase in susceptibility to FLZ was observed at the highest pH value. Biofilms developed at pH 5.5 showed less susceptibility to FLZ with respect to cell quantification (p < 0.05). C. albicans cells exposed to FLZ showed lower bioactivity (p < 0.001). In relation to enzymatic activity, higher production of proteinase was observed in biofilms developed at pH 4.0 (p < 0.001), whereas there were increased levels of phospholipase in biofilms developed at pH 4.0 and 7.0 (p < 0.05). Considering the structural parameters, the biofilms developed at pH 5.5, without exposure to FLZ, showed higher bio-volume and average thickness (p < 0.05), while the biofilms exposed to FLZ showed higher roughness coefficient (p < 0.001). Within the conditions studied, it can be concluded that pH of Candida albicans biofilms modulates the susceptibility to FLZ
Mestrado
Protese Dental
Mestra em Clínica Odontológica

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Faveri, Marcelo de. "Diversidade bacteriana por análise clonal de 16S rRNA e pela hidridação DNA-DNA em amostras de biofilme subgengival de indivíduos portadores de periodontite agressiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-19102007-123124/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a diversidade bacteriana no biofilme subgengival de indivíduos portadores de doença periodontal agressiva (PA). 12 indivíduos com PA e 30 indivíduos com saúde periodontal (PH) foram selecionados. Amostras de placa subgengival foram coletadas de 9 sítios por indivíduo para análise por Hibridação DNA-DNA e de um sítio para a análise clonal 16S. Os patógenos periodontais T. forsythia, P. gingivalis e T. denticola foram encontrados em alta proporção no grupo PA (p<0,001) em comparação ao grupo PH. 120 espécies foram identificadas pela análise clonal de 16SrRNA, sendo 70 destas mais prevalentes. 57% destas espécies são não cultiváveis. Espécies de Selenomonas e Streptococcus foram detectadas em alta prevalencia. Selenomonas sputigena, foi a espécie mais comumente detectada. A microbiota subgengival do grupo PA diferiu marcantemente da do grupo PH. Outras espécies, particularmente do gênero Selenomonas, podem fazer parte da microbiota subgengival em alta proporção em pacientes com PA
The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in the subgingival plaque of subjects with aggressive periodontitis (AgP). 12 subject with AgP and 30 periodontally healthy (PH) subjects were selected. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 9 sites per subject for using in the Checkerboard DNA-DNA technique and one sample by 16S cloning analysis. Periodontal pathogens, such as T. forsythia, P. gingivalis and T. denticola were found in higher proportions AgP groups (p<0.001) than in PH subjects. 120 species were identified by 16S rRNA cloning analyses, therefore 70 species was most prevalent. 57% of the species were not cultivable. Several species of Selenomonas and Streptococcus were found in high prevalence. Selenomonas sputigena, the specie most commonly detected. The subgingival microbiota of AgP markedly differed from PH subjects. Other species, notably species of Selenomonas, may be present in higher proportion in subjects with aggressive periodontitis.

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Fernandes, Borges da Costa Helena Isabel. "Aplicación diagnóstica de PCR para detección de Streptococcus constellatus en pericoronaritis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108086.

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La pericoronaritis es una patologia infecciosa que suele producirse con frecuencia alrededor del tercer molar, cuando este erupciona. Suele manifestarse con mayor frecuencia en molares inferiores, cursando clinicamente con dolor y exsudado, traendo implicaciones y complicaciones severas al paciente si el diagnóstico y el enfoque terapeutico no sea el correcto. Por su naturaleza polimicrobiana la pericoronaritis tiene un caracter patogeno puesto de manifiesto onde se describen con mayor problemas de cultivo los Streptococcus responsábles por esta patologia, o sea, el grupo milleri. Por todo esto se ha empleado la tecnica molecular de PCR para comprovar si los cebadores diseñados, en el estudio empirico anteriormente presentado, serian especificos para cada una de las cepas bacterianas descritas. Se ha extraido el DNA de las colonias aisladas, mediante un protocolo previamente elaborado. Se ha ajustado la PCR a cada par de cebadores, empleando las cepas de Streptococcus grupo milleri como controles positivos. Para comprovar la especificidad empírica de los cebadores diseñados se realizaron pruebas cruzadas de DNA aislado de otras cepas del género Streptococcus y otras bacterias orales. Por fin, se llevó a cabo la analisis de muestras clínicas de casos de pericoronaritis y controles, analizando por duplicado cada par de cebadores en cada una de ellas. Cada bacteria ha sido examinada con dos juegos de primers, con el fin de reducir la posibilidad de falsos negativos derivados de una variabilidad en la secuencia genética. La viasualizacion de resultados se ha realizado por electoforesis en gel de agarosa a 1% con gel red.

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Sangalli, Jorgiana [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento da microbiota oral de bebês: análise longitudinal por pirosequenciamento da microbiota de bebês e suas mães dentro de um Programa de Saúde Bucal para Primeira Infância." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123855.

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O estudo da microbiota bucal de bebês e como ela se altera com o tempo é de grande importância para a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças bucais num estágio precoce. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar longitudinalmente, nos períodos de 6, 12, 18 e 24 meses de idade, o microbioma oral de bebês saudáveis e suas respectivas mães por análise de pirosequenciamento. Setenta e quatro pares de mães e bebês acompanhados em um programa de saúde bucal foram incluídos no estudo. Um total de cinquenta e oito participaram em todo o período experimental. A população de bebês foi acompanhada durante todo o período, recebendo orientações e procedimentos previstos no protocolo do programa. Dados sobre dieta, higiene bucal, presença de dentes, prevalência de cárie e condições periodontais de bebês e suas respectivas mães foram coletados. Para a análise de pirosequenciamento, foram selecionados 5 pares de bebês e mães seguindo rigorosos critérios de inclusão para obtenção de amostra homogênea de bebês que se mantiveram sem a ocorrência de doenças bucais durante todo o período de avaliação. Também foram analisadas amostras do único bebê que desenvolveu cárie ao longo do estudo. Foram coletadas amostras de saliva e biofilme dentário do bebê e suas respectivas mães para análise da diversidade microbiana por pirosequenciamento 454 dos produtos de PCR do gene 16S ribossomal. A eficácia do programa de promoção de saúde bucal para este estudo foi reiterada com a ocorrência de cárie em apenas 1 dos bebês (1,51%) acompanhados durante 24 meses. A diversidade microbiana da saliva e biofilme dentário dos bebês manteve-se estável em relação ao número de Filos ao longo dos períodos. Observou-se aumento considerável de gêneros na saliva dos bebês dos 6 meses aos 12 meses de idade do bebê, sendo que esta distribuição se manteve nos demais períodos. Aos ...
Data on infants' oral microflora and how it changes in time is of utmost importance for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in early stages. The goal of this study was evaluate, longitudinally, in the periods of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age, the oral microbiome of healthy babies and their mothers by pyrosequencing analysis. Seventy-four pairs of mothers/babies followed in a Program of Oral Healthy were included in the study. A total of fifty-eight participated in all the experimental period. The population of babies was followed during all the period, receiving orientation on oral health and procedures foreseen in the protocol of the referred program. Data on diet, oral hygiene, presence of teeth, prevalence of caries, and periodontal conditions of babies and their mothers were collected. For pyrosequencing analysis, 5 pairs of babies and mothers were selected following rigorous criteria of inclusion, in order to obtain a homogeneous sample of babies who did not develop caries during all the evaluation period. Also, samples from of the only baby who developed caries along the study were analyzed. Samples of saliva and dental biofilm from the babies and mothers were analyzed for the microbial diversity by pyrosequencing 454 of products of PCR of 16S ribosomal gene. The effectiveness of the Oral Health Program in this study was confirmed with the occurrence of caries in only 1 of the babies (1.51%) followed during 24 months. Salivary and biofilm microbial diversities of babies were stable in relation to the number of Phyla during the evaluation periods. A considerable increasing in the number of genus in babies' saliva was observed in the period of 6 to 12 months of age. After this period, the distribution was stable. At the age of 12 months, 77 different genus were found in the microbioma of infants' dental biofilm and this value was higher when compared to ...

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Sangalli, Jorgiana. "Desenvolvimento da microbiota oral de bebês: análise longitudinal por pirosequenciamento da microbiota de bebês e suas mães dentro de um Programa de Saúde Bucal para Primeira Infância." São José dos Campos, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123855.

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Orientador: Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
Co-orientador: Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
Banca: Janete Dias Almeida
Banca: Ana Cláudia Okamoto
Banca: Elizabete Brasil dos Santos
Banca: Rebeca Di Nicolo
Resumo: O estudo da microbiota bucal de bebês e como ela se altera com o tempo é de grande importância para a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças bucais num estágio precoce. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar longitudinalmente, nos períodos de 6, 12, 18 e 24 meses de idade, o microbioma oral de bebês saudáveis e suas respectivas mães por análise de pirosequenciamento. Setenta e quatro pares de mães e bebês acompanhados em um programa de saúde bucal foram incluídos no estudo. Um total de cinquenta e oito participaram em todo o período experimental. A população de bebês foi acompanhada durante todo o período, recebendo orientações e procedimentos previstos no protocolo do programa. Dados sobre dieta, higiene bucal, presença de dentes, prevalência de cárie e condições periodontais de bebês e suas respectivas mães foram coletados. Para a análise de pirosequenciamento, foram selecionados 5 pares de bebês e mães seguindo rigorosos critérios de inclusão para obtenção de amostra homogênea de bebês que se mantiveram sem a ocorrência de doenças bucais durante todo o período de avaliação. Também foram analisadas amostras do único bebê que desenvolveu cárie ao longo do estudo. Foram coletadas amostras de saliva e biofilme dentário do bebê e suas respectivas mães para análise da diversidade microbiana por pirosequenciamento 454 dos produtos de PCR do gene 16S ribossomal. A eficácia do programa de promoção de saúde bucal para este estudo foi reiterada com a ocorrência de cárie em apenas 1 dos bebês (1,51%) acompanhados durante 24 meses. A diversidade microbiana da saliva e biofilme dentário dos bebês manteve-se estável em relação ao número de Filos ao longo dos períodos. Observou-se aumento considerável de gêneros na saliva dos bebês dos 6 meses aos 12 meses de idade do bebê, sendo que esta distribuição se manteve nos demais períodos. Aos ...
Abstract: Data on infants' oral microflora and how it changes in time is of utmost importance for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in early stages. The goal of this study was evaluate, longitudinally, in the periods of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age, the oral microbiome of healthy babies and their mothers by pyrosequencing analysis. Seventy-four pairs of mothers/babies followed in a Program of Oral Healthy were included in the study. A total of fifty-eight participated in all the experimental period. The population of babies was followed during all the period, receiving orientation on oral health and procedures foreseen in the protocol of the referred program. Data on diet, oral hygiene, presence of teeth, prevalence of caries, and periodontal conditions of babies and their mothers were collected. For pyrosequencing analysis, 5 pairs of babies and mothers were selected following rigorous criteria of inclusion, in order to obtain a homogeneous sample of babies who did not develop caries during all the evaluation period. Also, samples from of the only baby who developed caries along the study were analyzed. Samples of saliva and dental biofilm from the babies and mothers were analyzed for the microbial diversity by pyrosequencing 454 of products of PCR of 16S ribosomal gene. The effectiveness of the Oral Health Program in this study was confirmed with the occurrence of caries in only 1 of the babies (1.51%) followed during 24 months. Salivary and biofilm microbial diversities of babies were stable in relation to the number of Phyla during the evaluation periods. A considerable increasing in the number of genus in babies' saliva was observed in the period of 6 to 12 months of age. After this period, the distribution was stable. At the age of 12 months, 77 different genus were found in the microbioma of infants' dental biofilm and this value was higher when compared to ...
Doutor

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Relvas, Vânia Filipa da Silva Rocha. "Efeito do uso de antisséticos na flora oral." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5167.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
A cavidade oral é constituída por mais de 600 espécies bacterianas, tornando-se esta um principal foco de estudo. A microbiota oral é extremamente complexa e única em cada indivíduo, sendo o género Streptococcus o mais prevalente. O microbioma oral é um dos mais completos do organismo humano, existindo várias comunidades bacterianas, que se encontram bem organizadas e estruturadas. Na verdade, a microbiota oral desempenha um papel fundamental na saúde do paciente, uma vez que contribui não só para o desenvolvimento do sistema imunitário, como também possui aspetos prejudiciais para os seres vivos. O desequilíbrio da placa bacteriana leva ao aparecimento de doenças orais, sendo a cárie e a doença periodontal as principais. De forma a minimizar a acumulação da placa bacteriana e as doenças associadas a estas, surgiram os métodos mecânicos de higienização oral. No entanto, estes apresentam algumas limitações, surgindo os antisséticos orais de forma a colmatá-las. Entre os antisséticos mais utilizados temos a clorexidina e o triclosan. A clorexidina é o gold-standard, possuindo um amplo espectro de ação, contra bactérias, vírus, fungos e leveduras. Esta substância é eficaz contra a redução de placa bacteriana, apresentando efeitos secundários, principalmente manchas ou coloração castanha nos dentes. O triclosan apresenta um espectro de ação contra fungos, vírus e bactérias, principalmente contra Gram-positivo, possuindo efeito antimicrobiano e um ligeiro efeito anti-inflamatório. Este antissético é preferencialmente utilizado em pastas dentífricas e elixires, principalmente porque possui menos interação com outros compostos. The oral cavity is constituted by more than 600 bacterial species, that’s why this cavity will be becoming a major focus of study. The oral microbiota is extremely complex, and unique to each person, and the most prevalent genus is Streptococcus. The oral microbiome is one of the most complete microbiomes in the human body, there are several bacterial communities, lying well organized and structured. In fact, the oral microflora plays a key role in the health of the patient, since it contributes to the development of the immune system, but also has aspects that are harmful to living things. The imbalance of bacterial plaque leads to the appearance of oral diseases, as caries and periodontal diseases are the principal ones. In order to minimize the buildup of the bacterial plaque and disease, the mechanical methods of oral hygiene appeared. However, they have some limitations, arising oral antiseptics in order to overcome the limitations of these methods. Among the most used antiseptic chlorhexidine and we triclosan. Chlorhexidine is the gold standard, having a broad spectrum of action, which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and yeasts. This is effective against plaque reduction, with side effects, especially stains or brown staining on the teeth. Triclosan has a spectrum of activity against fungi, viruses and bacteria, especially against Gram-positive, having antimicrobial effect and having a slight anti-inflammatory effect. This antiseptic is preferably used in tooth pastes and elixirs, mainly because it has less interaction with other compounds.

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Fernandes, Ana Alexandra Aires. "Aplicação de porfirinas como fotossensibilizadores para a inativação fotodinâmica de microrganismos da cavidade oral." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16070.

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Mestrado em Microbiologia
A cavidade oral é um habitat favorável ao desenvolvimento de microrganismos, alguns dos quais podem causar doenças, sendo Enterococcus faecalis uma bactéria frequentemente encontrada em biofilmes instalados em diferentes nichos da cavidade oral. Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar a aplicabilidade da inativação fotodinâmica (PDI), usando porfirinas como fotossensibilizadores, como estratégia de controlo de biofilmes da cavidade oral, tomando E. faecalis como microrganismo modelo. Como fotossensibilizadores, foram testadas as porfirinas catiónicas Tetra-Py+-Me, Tri-Py+-Me-PF, PCat 2, PCat 3, PCat 4 e o corante azul de toluidina O (TBO), incluído como fotossensibilizador de referência. Os biofilmes de E. faecalis foram irradiados com luz branca (270 J.cm-2) a uma intensidade de 150 mW.cm-2, na presença de até 50 µM de porfirina ou até 20 µM de TBO. A cinética de inativação foi caracterizada pela variação da concentração de células viáveis ao longo da experiência. Foi também testada a inativação de células na forma livre, em condições equivalentes. Os biofilmes de E. faecalis mostraram-se muito resistentes à PDI com qualquer dos PS testados, não tendo sido conseguidos fatores de inativação superiores a 2 log com a concentração máxima de PS (50 µM) e a dose máxima de luz (270 J.cm-2). Na forma livre as células foram inativadas até ao limite de quantificação com concentrações de PS de 0,5 µM e doses de luz até 108 J.cm-2, com uma intensidade de 10 mW.cm-2. No entanto, a eficiência de ligação dos PS às células livres não foi maior do que aos biofilmes. Embora os fatores de inativação obtidos não permitam ainda considerar que a PDI com os compostos testados seja uma abordagem antimicrobiana eficiente contra biofilmes de E. faecalis, o facto de se confirmar uma relação entre as propriedades químicas e físicas do PS e a sua eficiência, bem como os resultados muito promissores obtidos com uma das famílias de porfirinas testadas apenas em células livres, justifica a prossecução do desenvolvimento de novos PS para o controle de biofilmes bacterianos na cavidade oral.
The oral cavity is an amenable habitat for microorganisms, including pathogens, and Enterococcus faecalis is a common member of the oral microbiota, being frequently found in biofilms from different niches in the oral cavity. This study aimed to test the applicability of photodynamic inactivation (PDI), using porphyrins as photosensitizers and E. faecalis as a model bacterium, as a strategy to control biofilms in the oral cavity. Porphyrins (Tetra-Py+-Me, Tri-Py+-Me-PF, PCat 2, PCat 3, PCat 4) were tested as photosensitizers and toluidine blue O was used as a reference photosensitizer. E. faecalis biofilms were irradiated with white light (270 J.cm-2) at an intensity of 150 mW.cm-2, in the presence of up to 50 µM of porphyrins or up to 20 µM for TBO. The inactivation kinetics was characterized by the variation of the concentration of viable cells throughout the experiments. The inactivation of cell suspensions was also tested under equivalent conditions, for comparison. Biofilms of E. faecalis were very resistant to PDI with all tested PS and inactivation factors were <2 log with the maximum concentration of PS (50 µM) and the maximum light dose (270 J.cm-2). Cell suspensions were inactivated to the limit of quantification with 0,5 µM PS and a maximum light dose of 108 J.cm-2, with an intensity of 10 mW.cm-2. However, the PS binding efficiency to planktonic cells was not higher than to biofilms. Although the inactivation factors attained are not sufficient to consider that the PDI with the tested PS is, at the moment, an effective antimicrobial approach against E. faecalis biofilms, the fact that the chemical and physical properties of the PS significantly affect the outcome of the photosensitization process, in addition to the promising results obtained with PCat’s, a family of cationic porphyrins that was tested only in free-living cells, justifies the interest in pursuing the development of new PS for the control of bacterial biofilms in the oral cavity.

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Rochelle, Sergio Luiz de Almeida 1956. "Influencia do meio de cultura na extração de proteinas intracelulares de leveduras do genero Candida isoladas na cavidade oral para aplicação em PAGE-SDS." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289351.

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Orientador: Jose Francisco Hofling
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Os fungos, especialmente as leveduras do Gênero Candida, são agentes potencialmente patogênicos, capazes de provocar inúmeras doenças nos seres vivos, em especial quando se aproveitam da queda da resistência orgânica, sendo considerados oportunistas. Com o surgimento da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida, parece oportuno, a crescente ampliação de pesquisas com esses microorganismos, os quais têm sido estudados do ponto de vista fisiológico, bioquímico, soro lógico, genético, etc. Na cavidade oral, são responsáveis por doenças que afetam as diversas estruturas bucais, justificando o crescente aumento de casos clínicos e de investigações nessa área. Dentre as técnicas que têm sido empregadas com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar melhor esses organismos, as de Biologia Molecular desempenham, um poderoso papel investigativo. A PAGE-SDS, tem se mostrado uma técnica importante nos estudos de identificação e caracterização desses microorganismos...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Fungi, especially the genus Candida yeasts, are potentially patogenic agents, able to cause numberless iIInesses in being, particularly when take advantage in the fali of the organic resistance, being considered opportunists. The arise of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, seems suitable, that the increasing amplification of researches with these microorganisms, which has been studied in physiological, biochemical, serological, genetical, etc., point of view. In the oral cavity, are responsible for illnesses that affect variol.js orais structures, justifying the increase of clinical cases and the investigations in this area. Among the techniques that have been used with the objective to identify and characterize these organisms from the Molecular Biology attends, a powerful investigator role. The SDS-PAGE, has been shown a technique of complementary value and important studies of identification and characterization of these microorganisms...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
Mestre em Ciências

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Osman, Shaiesta. "Oral microbiology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48128254.html.

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Matarazzo, Flávia. "Diversidade e análise quantitativa de microrganismos do dominio Archaea em amostras de biofilme subgengival de individuos com periodontite agressiva e saúde periodontal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-07012011-095622/.

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Archaea ainda não foi reconhecido como patógeno de doença humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência, diversidade, níveis e proporções de Archaea no biofilme subgengival de indivíduos com periodontite agressiva (PA) e saúde periodontal (SP). Sessenta indivíduos foram selecionados para este estudo (n=30/grupo). A análise de diversidade foi realizada em 10 indivíduos/grupo. Quatro sítios/indivíduo do grupo PA e 2 sítios/indivíduo do grupo SP foram analisados por qPCR. A freqüência de Archaea foi de 60% dos indivíduos/ 15,2% dos sítios em PA e de 63,3% dos indivíduos/ 15,6% dos sítios em SP (p>0,05). Um a três filotipos foi identificado por amostra. O número de cópias e a proporção de Archaea e Bacteria foram menores no grupo SP do que no grupo PA (p<0,05). Archaea são encontrados no biofilme subgengival de indivíduos com PA e SP. Methanobrevibacter oralis é o filotipo mais prevalente, podendo ser considerado residente da cavidade bucal. A alteração ecológica na microbiota de indivíduos com PA inclui o aumento dos níveis e proporções de Archaea.
Membrers of Archaea domain may be detected in the microbiota of mucous surfaces of human and animals, but their association with diesase have not been yet stablished Some studies have suggested that Archaea domain may be indirectly associated with pathogenesis of periodontitis, since they are found restrict to subgingival sites with severe periodontal destruction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, diversity, levels and proportions of microorganisms of Archaea domain in subgingival biofilm of aggressive periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. Thirty generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and 30 periodontally healthy (PH) subjects were selected. Archaea detection was performed by PCR using domain-specific primers in 9 subgingival samples taken from each subject. Archaea diversity was determined by evaluating a single positive sample per subject, randomly selected from 10 GAgP and 10 PH subjects. Archaeal 16S rRNA gene library were constructed to each sample and the identity of phylotypes were determined for the comparison of unrecognized sequences with gene database. The levels and proportions of Archaea in relation to total microbial load were analysed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 4 sites per GAgP subject and 2 sites per PH subject. A total of 540 subgingival samples were analysed to Archaea presence. This domain were detected in 18 GAgP (60%) and in 19 PH (63.3%) subjects. Forty-one (15.2%) and 42 (15.6%) samples were positive for this domain in GAgP and PH subjects, respectively. There was not difference in prevalence of this domain between subjects from GAgP and PH groups, as well as there was not difference in prevalence between sites with different probing depthsin GAgP group. Thenumber of 16S rRNA clones available to identification per sample varies from 33 to 47 in GAgP group, and from 15 to 23 in PH group, with a mean of 42.8+3.9 e 20.2 +2.2, respectively. The analysis of 629 sequencies permits an identification of 1 to 3 phylotypes of Archaea domain per sample. Methanobrevibacter oralis was detected in all archaeal positive samples, being the single detected specie of this domain in 5 subjects from GAgP group, and in 3 subjects from PH group. Methanobacterium curvum/congolense was detected in 3/10 GAgP and 6/10 PH samples, whereas Methanosarcina mazeii was detected in 4/10 samples from both groups. Archaea analysis by qPCR was carried out in 103 sites and 28 GAgP subjects and in 60 sites and 30 PH individuals. Archaea has been detected in 27/28 subjects and in 68% of studied sites in GAgP group and in 26/30 subjects and 58,3% of total analysed sites in PH group. Archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA mean levels were smaller in PH group than in GAgP group (Mann Whitney, p<0.05). There was no statistic significance of difference in the levels of Archaea in regard to probing depth categories in GAgP group (p>0.05). Moreover, the proportion of Archaea in relation to total microbial load (Archaea + Bacteria) was 0.02% and 0.08% in PH and GAgP group (p<0.05), respectively. These data suggest that Archaea is commonly found in the subgingival biofilm of humans, and that M. oralis may be considered a member of the resident microbiota of subgingival sites. The ecological shift in the microbiota of aggressive periodontitis subjects includes the increase of levels and proportions of Archaea domain.

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Pereira, Tatyana de Souza [UNESP]. "Estudo das condições de saúde bucal e fatores sócioeconômico-culturais, comportamentais e microbiológicos de pacientes autistas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95457.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A assistência integral ao paciente autista visa proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida, dela fazendo parte o acompanhamento e tratamento odontológico. Assim, diante da escassez de informações sobre o perfil de saúde bucal destes pacientes e da dificuldade em atendê-los, o presente estudo avaliou as condições de saúde bucal de pacientes autistas bem como as características da microbiota, fatores sócio-econômicos, culturais e comportamentais. As características sócio-econômicas, culturais e comportamentais foram avaliadas através de um questionário especialmente preparado para este fim. A seguir, realizou-se a coleta dos espécimes clínicos do biofilme bucal para a caracterização da microbiota presente através de cultura e amplificação do DNA microbiano por PCR. As condições de saúde bucal foram analisadas através de exame clínico bucal, por meio da avaliação clínica da saúde gengival e dentária. Com relação à microbiota bucal, foi possível detectar, por meio de cultura, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermédia, Pseudomonas e Fusobacterium nucleatum. Já para a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), houve a detecção de Campylobacter rectus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermédia, Enterobacter, Treponema dentícola e Fusobacterium nucleatum, porém estes microorganismos não foram capazes de promover doenças periodontais pois os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a maioria dos pacientes apresentava boa saúde bucal e possuía o hábito de realizar higiene bucal (Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado ótimo), apesar de serem dependentes e oferecerem resistência para esta atividade. Podemos concluir que o autismo ocorre em maior número no gênero masculino; são dependentes e resistentes às atividades de higienização dental, mas no geral...
The full assistance to the autistic patient aims to provide better life quality and, consequently, to afford follow-up and dental treatment. Thus, due to the lack of information on the oral health profile of these patients and due to the difficulty to assist them, this study evaluated the oral health conditions of autistic patients as well as the characteristics of their oral microbiology and socio-economic, cultural and behavioral factors. The socio-economic, cultural and behavior factors were assessed through a questionnaire specially prepared for this purpose. Then, clinical specimens of oral biofilm were collected in order to accomplish the microflora characterization, through culture and microbial DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test. Oral health conditions were evaluated through clinical oral examination, by means of dental and gingival health clinical evaluations. Regarding the oral microbiology, it was possible to detect, by culture test: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pseudomonas. Now concerning the PCR test, the following bacteria were detected: Campylobacter rectus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Enterobacter, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Treponema denticola, but these microorganisms were not able to promote periodontal diseases in autistic patients, because the results showed that most of them had good oral health and oral hygiene practices (great IHOS), although they are dependent and offer resistance to this activity. We concluded that autism occurs in greater numbers in males; they are dependent and resistant to dental hygiene activities, but, in general, they have good oral health, although they presented oral microorganisms associated to periodontal diseases.

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Gomes, Sabrina Carvalho. "Efeito do controle de placa bacteriana supragengival sobre parâmetros subgengivais /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104721.

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Orientador: Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio
Banca: Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
Banca: José Roberto Cortelli
Banca: Sérgio Luiz de Souza Salvador
Banca: José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio
Resumo: No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito do controle de placa bacteriana supragengival sobre parâmetros clínicos e microbiológicos subgengivais, comparando-o em pacientes nunca fumantes (NFU) e fumantes (F). Durante esse ensaio clínico (6 meses), 25 pacientes, de cada grupo, foram examinados clinicamente, por um examinador calibrado, no momento inicial (I) e aos 30, 90 e 180 (exame final F) dias. 45 desses indivíduos contribuíram com amostras para cálculo do volume de fluido e avaliação microbiológica. As médias do percentual de sítios com IPV, ISG e SS e as médias da PS e PI (em milímetros), do volume de fluido (æl) e as médias do número de bactérias totais (Eubactéria, Eu), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Peptostreptococcus micros (Pm), Dialister pneumosintes (Dp), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) foram geradas para o indivíduo e, posteriormente, para os grupos. Dados do exame inicial e final foram comparados (teste Wald, p=0.05). Foi observado que o efeito do controle de placa bacteriano supragengival contribuiu para a redução significante de IPV (NFU- I: 91,1 e F: 8,7; FU- I: 88,5 e F: 6,4), ISG (NFU- I: 83,8 e F: 2,2; FU- I: 76,1 e F: 0,3), SS (NFU- I: 95,0 e F: 21,6; FU- I: 94,4 e F: 25,3), PS (NFU- I: 3,7 e F: 2,6; FU- I: 3,9 e F: 2,8), PI (NFU- I: 3,4 e 3.0; FU- I: 4., e F: 3,7), volume de fluido (NFU- I: 0,59 e F: 0,23; FU- I: 036 e F- 0,16) e número de Eubactérias (NFU- I: 1,09x105; F: 2,3x101; FU- I: 1,9x105; F: 1,9x101); Pg (NFU- I: 1,07x103; F: 7,0x101; FU- I: 1,4x103; F: 9,4x101); Pm (NFU- I: 2,1x105; F: 0,3x105; FU- I: 6,8x105; F: 0,5x105); Aa (NFU- I: 2,5x101; F: 1,0x101; FU- I: 1,7x101; F: 0,76x101) e Dp (NFU- I: 3,7x101; F: 0,72x101; FU- I: 9,6x101; F: 0,83x101). Ao final do estudo, pacientes fumantes apresentaram menor ISG e volume de fluido, maior PI e menor número de baterias totais...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a supragingival plaque control regiment and to compare this effect between never smokers (NS) and smokers (S) periodontitis patients. During the 6 months experimental period 50 patients, 25 in each group, were clinically examined by a singular calibrated examiner in the baseline (I), 30, 90 and 180 days (F). 45 individuals contributed with GCF and microbiological sampling. Mean values of the percentage of sites VPI+, MBI+, BOP, the PPD and CAL measurements (mm), GCF volume (æl) and number of the Eubacteria (Eu); Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Peptostreptococcus micros (Pm), Dialister pneumosintes (Dp), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), were calculated for the individual to compose the groups means. Data from baseline and final examinations were compared (test Wald p=0.05). It could be observed that a supragingival plaque control significantly contributed to VPI NSI: 91.1 and F: 8.7; S- I: 88.5 e F: 6.4), MBI (NS- I: 83.8 e F: 2.2; S- I: 76.1 e F: 0.3), BOP (NS- I: 95.0 e F: 21.6; S- I: 94.4 e F: 25.3), PPD (NS- I: 3.7 e F: 2.6; SI: 3.9 e F: 2.8); CAL (NS- I: 3.4 e 3.0; S- I: 4.3 e F: 3.7), GCF (NS- I: 0.59e F: 0.23; S- I: 0.36 e F: 0.16) and number of Tb (NS- I: 1.09x105; F: 2.3x101; S- I: 1.9x105; F: 1.9x101); Pg (NS- I: 1.07x103; F: 7.0x101; S- I: 1.4x103; F: 9.4x101); Pm (NS- I: 2.1x105; F: 0.3x105; S- I: 6.8x105; F: 0.5x105); Aa (NS- I: 2.5x101; F: 1.0x101; S- I: 1.7x101; F: 0.76x101) and Dp (NS- I: 3.7x101; F: 0.72x101; S- I: 9.6x101; F: 0.83x101) reductions. At the end, smokers presented less marginal bleeding, CAL, GCF volume and lower numbers of Eubacteria then never smokers. It can be concluded that both never smokers and smokers periodontitis patients can benefit from a supragingival plaque control regimen, even though 30 smokers presented less marginal bleeding and less number of Eubacteria at the end.
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17

Costa, Mauricio Ribeiro [UNESP]. "Avaliação de escova ultrassônica em pacientes sob terapia ortodôntica. Estudo in vitro, clínico e microbiológico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104738.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de uma escova ultrassônica, comparada a uma elétrica e a uma manual, sobre os parâmetros clínicos periodontais e microbiológicos de adolescentes sob terapia ortodôntica com aparelhos fixos. Paralelamente, foi avaliada a diminuição da força adesiva de braquetes ortodônticos, fixados a dentes humanos extraídos, após o uso de uma escova dentária ultrassônica comparada a uma escova elétrica. Material e Método: Para o experimento in vivo, 21 indivíduos (15,2l1,7) que utilizavam aparelhos fixos há mais de um ano foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a seqüência de uso das escovas (crossover). Os pacientes usaram cada escova por um período de 30 dias, com intervalos de 15 dias entre as mesmas (washout). Amostras de saliva e placa bacteriana foram coletadas para realização de cultura microbiológica de Streptococcus grupo mutans e técnica de Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization, respectivamente. No experimento in vitro, braquetes ortodônticos foram colados a superfície mais plana de quarenta e cinco dentes humanos extraídos. Posteriormente, os corpos de prova foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a escova a ser utilizada. Após o procedimento de escovação, a resistência adesiva foi avaliada em uma maquina de ensaios mecânicos. Resultado: Uma diferença significante no índice de placa (p<0,05) foi observada após o uso de escova ultrassônica nas superfícies vestibulares (10,32% pré e 3,96% pós-escovação). Da mesma forma, após o uso das escovas ultrassônicas e elétricas, as contagens de Streptococcus grupo mutans diminuíram significativamente (técnica de cultura microbiana - p<0,05). A técnica Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization apontou uma redução nos níveis de T. forsythia após o uso da escova elétrica e das espécies S. noxia, S. sanguinis...
This study compared the efficacy of an ultrasonic toothbrush for the reduction of plaque, gingival inflammation, and levels of bacteria in relation to an electric and a manual toothbrush. In addition, it was evaluated the effect of brushing with both an ultrasonic and electric toothbrush on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to extracted human teeth. Material and method: Twenty-one patients (mean 15.2l1.7 years) with orthodontic appliances were randomly divided into three groups according to the sequence of brush usage (crossover study). The subjects used each assigned brush for a period of 30 days, followed by an interval of 15 days (washout) during which they returned to their regular toothbrushes and dental floss used in accordance with the monthly instructions of the orthodontist given prior to the study. During each visit, participants received a periodontal evaluation and samples of saliva and subgingival plaque were collected for microbiological tests (Streptococcus mutans culture and DNA-DNA Checkerboard Hybridization). For in vitro evaluation, individual orthodontic brackets were bonded to the smoothest surface of forty-five teeth. The test specimens were randomly distributed into three groups according to the toothbrush to be used. After completing the brushing stage, the test specimens were taken to the mechanical assay machine for a shearing test. Results: The ultrasonic brush group presented significant improvement in the reduction of visible plaque on the buccal surfaces (10.32% against 3.96%). The counts of S. mutans decreased in the electric and ultrasonic groups (culture test - p<0.05). The DNA-DNA Checkerboard hybridization technique showed that the counts of T. forsythia decreased significantly after a month of electric brush usage. Furthermore, in the manual group, S. noxia, S. sanguinis and P. melaninogenica counts also decreased... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

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18

Colom, Comas Joan. "Studies of the molecular features of three Salmonella phages for use in phage therapy and of encapsulation methodologies to improve oral phage administration." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/368210.

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Salmonella no tifoidea, uno de los patógenos zoonóticos de mayor impacto, causa brotes en humanos debido al consumo de alimentos contaminados, siendo las aves de corral su principal reservorio. A raíz de la prohibición del uso de antibióticos como promotores del crecimiento en producción animal, se han aplicado diferentes medidas, como el uso de vacunas, probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos, para el control de Salmonella en aves con una eficacia todavía limitada. Por ello, se ha planteado el uso de la terapia fágica como un medio alternativo de control de Salmonella. Nuestro grupo demostró previamente que la terapia fágica oral, basada en un cóctel compuesto por los fagos UAB_Phi20, UAB_Phi78 y UAB_Phi87, reduce eficientemente la colonización de Salmonella en un modelo de pollo de engorde libre de patógenos específicos. Para completar la caracterización de estos fagos, en el presente trabajo se ha determinado que el inicio de la replicación del DNA del fago UAB_Phi78 se produce a los 10 min de la infección de Salmonella, siendo este tiempo de 20 min para los otros dos fagos. Se detectó DNA en células de Salmonella infectadas con los fagos UAB_Phi20 y UAB_Phi78 durante 40 min. Este tiempo fue de más de 120 min para el fago UAB_Phi87. Los extremos del cromosoma del bacteriófago UAB_Phi20 son permutaciones cíclicas y su mecanismo de empaquetamiento es el de llenado de cabeza de los fagos del género tipo P22. En cambio, los fagos UAB_Phi78 y UAB_Phi87 presentaron repeticiones terminales directas cortas en los extremos de sus cromosomas similares a las de los fagos de los géneros tipo SP6 (UAB_Phi78) y tipo FelixO1 (UAB_Phi87), respectivamente. Ninguno de los fagos fue capaz de promover transducción en las condiciones de ensayo utilizadas. Los retos inherentes a la terapia fágica oral están relacionados con la falta de estabilidad del fago en el estómago y su reducido período de residencia en el tracto gastrointestinal. En este trabajo se han desarrollado dos métodos de encapsulación de bacteriófagos (liposomas y alginato-CaCO3) y se ha estudiado si la terapia fágica con fagos encapsulados supera los inconvenientes indicados. Para este estudio, se ha desarrollado un modelo animal de experimentación (pollos de engorde/Salmonella) que mimetiza las condiciones de las granjas de producción. La encapsulación en lípidos catiónicos permitió obtener fagos encapsulados con un diámetro de 308,6 a 325,8 nm, una carga positiva entre 31,6 y 35,1 mV (pH 6,1) y una eficiencia de encapsulación cercana al 50%. El diámetro medio de los fagos encapsulados en alginato-CaCO3 varió entre 123,7 y 149,3 µm, con eficiencias de encapsulación superiores al 90%. Además, ambas formulaciones son estables a 4oC como mínimo 6 meses. En fluido gástrico simulado (pH2,8), el título de los fagos sin encapsular disminuyó entre 5,7 y 8 log10 tras 60 min, mientras que el de los fagos encapsulados en liposomas y alginato-CaCO3 sólo disminuyó entre 3,7 y 5,4 log10 y ≤3,5 log10, respectivamente. Los fagos encapsulados en liposomas o alginato-CaCO3 se detectaron, respectivamente, en el 38,1% y el 71,4% de los animales a las 72 h y sólo en un 9,5% de los animales tratados con fagos no encapsulados. Además, el contenido cecal y el fluido intestinal simulado promueven la liberación de los fagos de las cápsulas lipídicas y de alginato-CaCO3, respectivamente. Finalmente, en experimentos de terapia fágica, la disminución de la concentración de Salmonella se prolongó como mínimo 7 días más en los animales tratados con fagos encapsulados que en los tratados con fagos no encapsulados tras la interrupción del tratamiento. La metodología utilizada permite la encapsulación de bacteriófagos de diferentes morfologías en liposomas y alginato-CaCO3 y muestra que la encapsulación mejora significativamente la terapia fágica oral.
Non-typhoidal Salmonella, one of the most common zoonotic pathogens, causes foodborne disease outbreaks in humans. Poultry is the major reservoir of this bacterium. Following the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal production, Salmonella infection in poultry has been mainly controlled through biosafety measures implemented in animal production facilities and through the use of vaccines, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Although reduction in the prevalence of several Salmonella serovars was achieved between 2007 and 2012 in the European Union, these methods are insufficient such that phage therapy has gained increasing attention for Salmonella control. In previous work, we demonstrated that oral phage therapy using a cocktail containing three bacteriophages (UAB_Phi20, UAB_Phi78, and UAB_Phi87) very efficiently reduces Salmonella colonization in specific pathogen free chickens. To better understand the efficacy and safety of these phages, we characterized their replication kinetics, genome ends, and transduction capability. The results showed that DNA replication was initiated 10 min after bacterial infection by UAB_Phi78 and 20 min after infection by UAB_Phi20 and UAB_Phi87. UAB_Phi20 and UAB_Phi78 DNA was detected inside the cells for 40 min and that of UAB_Phi87 for >120 min. The genome ends of the three phages differed and were included in specific DNA packaging strategies: P22likevirus headful (UAB_Phi20), SP6likevirus direct terminal repeats (UAB_Phi78), and Felixounalikevirus direct terminal repeats (UAB_Phi87). None was able to promote transduction under the conditions of the assay used. The inherent challenges to the oral administration of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents against intestinal pathogens are related to the lack of phage stability in the stomach and the short residence time in the intestinal tract, which together lower the efficiency of phage therapy. In this work, two methods for phage encapsulation have been developed. The advantages of phage therapy with the encapsulated phages has been studied in an animal model (broiler/Salmonella) developed in this work that mimics the conditions of the farms. Encapsulation in cationic lipids yielded liposome-encapsulated phages with a mean diameter of 308.6 - 325.8 nm, a positive charge between +31.6 and +35.1 mV (pH 6.1), and an encapsulation efficiency yield of ~50%. In comparison, the mean diameter of the alginate-encapsulated phages ranged from 123.7 to 149.3 μm and the encapsulation efficiencies were >90%. The two phage formulations are stable for ≥6 months when stored at 4°C. The titre of non-encapsulated phages in simulated gastric fluid (pH 2.8) decreased by 5.7–8.0 log10 after 60 min, whereas liposome- and alginate-encapsulated phages were significantly more stable, with losses of 3.7–5.4 log10 units and ≤3.5 log10, respectively. Liposome and alginate-CaCO3 encapsulations also significantly improved bacteriophage retention in the chicken intestinal tract compared to the non-encapsulated preparations. In broilers administered cocktails of encapsulated and non-encapsulated phages, the former were detected in 38.1% (liposome) and 71.4% (alginate-CaCO3) of the animals after 72 h whereas the non-encapsulated phages were present in only 9.5%. In in vitro experiments, phage release from the liposomes and alginate-CaCO3 capsules was triggered by the caecal contents of broilers and simulated intestinal fluid, respectively. In commercial broilers experimentally infected with Salmonella, daily administration of the three cocktails for 7 days post-infection conferred similar levels of protection against Salmonella colonization. Although protection by the non-encapsulated phages disappeared once treatment was stopped, the decrease of the Salmonella concentration provided by both encapsulated forms persisted for at least another week, thus showing the enhanced efficacy of encapsulated phages in phage therapy. The work describes the methodology used to obtain liposome and alginate-CaCO3 phage encapsulation, which can be used with bacteriophages of different morphologies, and the advantages of both forms in overcoming the inherent drawbacks of orally administered phage therapy.

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19

Kistler, James Oliver. "Defining oral microbiological health." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defining-oral-microbiological-health(c7654c41-3220-46d6-a645-82ed2da7ffdf).html.

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Background: The composition of the oral microbiota in periodontal health and the microbial changes associated with the early stages of gingivitis are poorly defined. Aims: The aims of this work were to: (i) characterise the bacterial composition of dental plaque in subjects with experimentally-induced gingivitis; (ii) identify candidate oral probiotic taxa; (iii) evaluate alternative approaches for oral Neisseria spp. differentiation. Methods: Twenty volunteers abstained from oral hygiene in the mandible for two weeks. Clinical indicators of inflammation were monitored and samples of plaque were analysed, together with 20 control samples from periodontitis patients, by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and culture. A panel of oral bacterial isolates were screened for inhibition of six indicator organisms using a deferred antagonism assay. Sequencing of seven ‘housekeeping’ genes and a ribosomal protein gene (rplF) were evaluated as methods to differentiate Neisseria species. Results: All volunteers developed gingivitis after two weeks. 344,267 16S rDNA sequences were clustered into a median of 299 species-level Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) per sample. Principal Coordinate Analysis plots revealed shifts in community structure with gingivitis development, and the mean Simpson’s inverse diversity index increased from 32 at baseline to 47.5 after two weeks (P < 0.0001). Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, Lautropia sp. HOTA94, Lachnospiraceae sp. HOT100 and Prevotella oulorum were significantly associated with gingivitis, whilst Rothia dentocariosa was health-associated. Of 80 isolates screened, two strains of Streptococcus cristatus and a Streptococcus sp. HOT071 strain, inhibited the growth of one or more of Streptococcus anginosus, Solobacterium moorei, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis. rplF gene sequences were found to reliably differentiate oral Neisseria species, although some taxonomic revision to the genus is indicated. Conclusions: A highly species-rich bacterial community in health-associated plaque was revealed and new health- and gingivitis-associated taxa were identified. Three strains were found with potential for use as oral probiotics.

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20

Doran, Anna Louise. "Microbiological factors affecting oral malodour." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400358.

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21

Costa, Mauricio Ribeiro. "Avaliação de escova ultrassônica em pacientes sob terapia ortodôntica. Estudo in vitro, clínico e microbiológico /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104738.

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Orientador: Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio
Banca: Rodrigo Otávio Citó Cesar Rêgo
Banca: Sheila Cavalca Cortelli
Banca: Márcio Zaffalon Casati
Banca: Luis Geraldo Vaz
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de uma escova ultrassônica, comparada a uma elétrica e a uma manual, sobre os parâmetros clínicos periodontais e microbiológicos de adolescentes sob terapia ortodôntica com aparelhos fixos. Paralelamente, foi avaliada a diminuição da força adesiva de braquetes ortodônticos, fixados a dentes humanos extraídos, após o uso de uma escova dentária ultrassônica comparada a uma escova elétrica. Material e Método: Para o experimento in vivo, 21 indivíduos (15,2l1,7) que utilizavam aparelhos fixos há mais de um ano foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a seqüência de uso das escovas (crossover). Os pacientes usaram cada escova por um período de 30 dias, com intervalos de 15 dias entre as mesmas (washout). Amostras de saliva e placa bacteriana foram coletadas para realização de cultura microbiológica de Streptococcus grupo mutans e técnica de Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization, respectivamente. No experimento in vitro, braquetes ortodônticos foram colados a superfície mais plana de quarenta e cinco dentes humanos extraídos. Posteriormente, os corpos de prova foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a escova a ser utilizada. Após o procedimento de escovação, a resistência adesiva foi avaliada em uma maquina de ensaios mecânicos. Resultado: Uma diferença significante no índice de placa (p<0,05) foi observada após o uso de escova ultrassônica nas superfícies vestibulares (10,32% pré e 3,96% pós-escovação). Da mesma forma, após o uso das escovas ultrassônicas e elétricas, as contagens de Streptococcus grupo mutans diminuíram significativamente (técnica de cultura microbiana - p<0,05). A técnica Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization apontou uma redução nos níveis de T. forsythia após o uso da escova elétrica e das espécies S. noxia, S. sanguinis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study compared the efficacy of an ultrasonic toothbrush for the reduction of plaque, gingival inflammation, and levels of bacteria in relation to an electric and a manual toothbrush. In addition, it was evaluated the effect of brushing with both an ultrasonic and electric toothbrush on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to extracted human teeth. Material and method: Twenty-one patients (mean 15.2l1.7 years) with orthodontic appliances were randomly divided into three groups according to the sequence of brush usage (crossover study). The subjects used each assigned brush for a period of 30 days, followed by an interval of 15 days (washout) during which they returned to their regular toothbrushes and dental floss used in accordance with the monthly instructions of the orthodontist given prior to the study. During each visit, participants received a periodontal evaluation and samples of saliva and subgingival plaque were collected for microbiological tests (Streptococcus mutans culture and DNA-DNA Checkerboard Hybridization). For in vitro evaluation, individual orthodontic brackets were bonded to the smoothest surface of forty-five teeth. The test specimens were randomly distributed into three groups according to the toothbrush to be used. After completing the brushing stage, the test specimens were taken to the mechanical assay machine for a shearing test. Results: The ultrasonic brush group presented significant improvement in the reduction of visible plaque on the buccal surfaces (10.32% against 3.96%). The counts of S. mutans decreased in the electric and ultrasonic groups (culture test - p<0.05). The DNA-DNA Checkerboard hybridization technique showed that the counts of T. forsythia decreased significantly after a month of electric brush usage. Furthermore, in the manual group, S. noxia, S. sanguinis and P. melaninogenica counts also decreased... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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22

Gomes, Sabrina Carvalho [UNESP]. "Efeito do controle de placa bacteriana supragengival sobre parâmetros subgengivais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104721.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito do controle de placa bacteriana supragengival sobre parâmetros clínicos e microbiológicos subgengivais, comparando-o em pacientes nunca fumantes (NFU) e fumantes (F). Durante esse ensaio clínico (6 meses), 25 pacientes, de cada grupo, foram examinados clinicamente, por um examinador calibrado, no momento inicial (I) e aos 30, 90 e 180 (exame final F) dias. 45 desses indivíduos contribuíram com amostras para cálculo do volume de fluido e avaliação microbiológica. As médias do percentual de sítios com IPV, ISG e SS e as médias da PS e PI (em milímetros), do volume de fluido (æl) e as médias do número de bactérias totais (Eubactéria, Eu), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Peptostreptococcus micros (Pm), Dialister pneumosintes (Dp), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) foram geradas para o indivíduo e, posteriormente, para os grupos. Dados do exame inicial e final foram comparados (teste Wald, p=0.05). Foi observado que o efeito do controle de placa bacteriano supragengival contribuiu para a redução significante de IPV (NFU- I: 91,1 e F: 8,7; FU- I: 88,5 e F: 6,4), ISG (NFU- I: 83,8 e F: 2,2; FU- I: 76,1 e F: 0,3), SS (NFU- I: 95,0 e F: 21,6; FU- I: 94,4 e F: 25,3), PS (NFU- I: 3,7 e F: 2,6; FU- I: 3,9 e F: 2,8), PI (NFU- I: 3,4 e 3.0; FU- I: 4., e F: 3,7), volume de fluido (NFU- I: 0,59 e F: 0,23; FU- I: 036 e F- 0,16) e número de Eubactérias (NFU- I: 1,09x105; F: 2,3x101; FU- I: 1,9x105; F: 1,9x101); Pg (NFU- I: 1,07x103; F: 7,0x101; FU- I: 1,4x103; F: 9,4x101); Pm (NFU- I: 2,1x105; F: 0,3x105; FU- I: 6,8x105; F: 0,5x105); Aa (NFU- I: 2,5x101; F: 1,0x101; FU- I: 1,7x101; F: 0,76x101) e Dp (NFU- I: 3,7x101; F: 0,72x101; FU- I: 9,6x101; F: 0,83x101). Ao final do estudo, pacientes fumantes apresentaram menor ISG e volume de fluido, maior PI e menor número de baterias totais....
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a supragingival plaque control regiment and to compare this effect between never smokers (NS) and smokers (S) periodontitis patients. During the 6 months experimental period 50 patients, 25 in each group, were clinically examined by a singular calibrated examiner in the baseline (I), 30, 90 and 180 days (F). 45 individuals contributed with GCF and microbiological sampling. Mean values of the percentage of sites VPI+, MBI+, BOP, the PPD and CAL measurements (mm), GCF volume (æl) and number of the Eubacteria (Eu); Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Peptostreptococcus micros (Pm), Dialister pneumosintes (Dp), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), were calculated for the individual to compose the groups means. Data from baseline and final examinations were compared (test Wald p=0.05). It could be observed that a supragingival plaque control significantly contributed to VPI NSI: 91.1 and F: 8.7; S- I: 88.5 e F: 6.4), MBI (NS- I: 83.8 e F: 2.2; S- I: 76.1 e F: 0.3), BOP (NS- I: 95.0 e F: 21.6; S- I: 94.4 e F: 25.3), PPD (NS- I: 3.7 e F: 2.6; SI: 3.9 e F: 2.8); CAL (NS- I: 3.4 e 3.0; S- I: 4.3 e F: 3.7), GCF (NS- I: 0.59e F: 0.23; S- I: 0.36 e F: 0.16) and number of Tb (NS- I: 1.09x105; F: 2.3x101; S- I: 1.9x105; F: 1.9x101); Pg (NS- I: 1.07x103; F: 7.0x101; S- I: 1.4x103; F: 9.4x101); Pm (NS- I: 2.1x105; F: 0.3x105; S- I: 6.8x105; F: 0.5x105); Aa (NS- I: 2.5x101; F: 1.0x101; S- I: 1.7x101; F: 0.76x101) and Dp (NS- I: 3.7x101; F: 0.72x101; S- I: 9.6x101; F: 0.83x101) reductions. At the end, smokers presented less marginal bleeding, CAL, GCF volume and lower numbers of Eubacteria then never smokers. It can be concluded that both never smokers and smokers periodontitis patients can benefit from a supragingival plaque control regimen, even though 30 smokers presented less marginal bleeding and less number of Eubacteria at the end.

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Machado, Fernanda Campos. "Parâmetros periodontais clínicos e microbiológicos de mulheres na gestação e no pós-parto." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1942.

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Os níveis de estrógeno e progesterona, necessários à manutenção da gestação, podem contribuir para a maior suscetibilidade ao aparecimento de determinados micro-organismos periodontopatogênicos e consequente desenvolvimento da doença periodontal em gestantes. O objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar os parâmetros periodontais clínicos e microbiológicos de mulheres na gestação e no pós-parto. Os achados das gestantes foram comparados com os de um grupo controle de não gestantes. Este estudo longitudinal prospectivo, com desenho transversal paralelo, incluiu 31 mulheres no segundo trimestre da gestação, acompanhadas em dois momentos após o parto (48 horas e oito semanas) e 20 não gestantes na mesma faixa etária. O exame clínico determinou a condição periodontal das mulheres por meio dos seguintes indicadores: sangramento à sondagem (SS), presença de cálculo (PC), profundidade de sondagem (PS) e nível clínico de inserção (NCI). Amostras de biofilme subgengival e saliva foram coletadas e a identificação e quantificação de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia e Prevotella nigrescens foram realizadas pela técnica da hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH). O teste U de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a comparação clínica e microbiológica entre os grupos de gestantes e não gestantes. Para a comparação intragrupo, foi empregado o teste de Friedman, seguido pelo teste de Wicoxon. Os grupos de gestantes e não gestantes apresentaram condições periodontais semelhantes. Em relação à microbiota verificada no biofilme subgengival, não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as mulheres no segundo trimestre de gestação e as não gestantes. Em relação à microbiota salivar, foi observada maior abundância de P. intermedia nas gestantes, em comparação com as não gestantes. Na comparação intragrupo dos parâmetros clínicos, o teste de Friedman demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à PS=4-5 mm, não confirmada pelo teste de Wilcoxon. Em relação aos parâmetros microbiológicos, no biofilme subgengival foi verificado que os números de P. nigrescens diminuíram ao longo dos três momentos avaliados,que números significativamente mais altos de C. rectus foram encontrados durante o segundo trimestre, em comparação com o exame de oito 8 semanas após o parto, e que níveis significativamente mais altos de P. intermedia foram observados 48 horas após o parto, em comparação com o exame de oito semanas após o parto. Na saliva, foi verificada uma redução significativa de P. intermedia e P. nigrescens ao longo do acompanhamento longitudinal, com os maiores valores encontrados no segundo trimestre da gestação. Em conclusão, os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que existe uma alteração na microbiota durante a gestação, pelo menos para P. nigrescens, P. intermedia e C. rectus, embora pequena diferença tenha sido verificada em relação aos parâmetros clínicos.
The levels of estrogen and progesterone necessary for maintenance of pregnancy may contribute to increased susceptibility to the occurrence of certain periodontopathogenic bacteria and subsequent development of periodontal disease in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and microbiological parameters in women during pregnancy and post-partum. The findings of the pregnant women were compared with a control group of non-pregnant ones. This longitudinal study, with a cross-sectional parallel design, included 31 women at second trimester of their pregnancy, examined one time during pregnancy and twice during post-partum (48h and 8 weeks after the delivery), and 20 non-pregnant women within the same age range. Bleeding on probing (BOP), presence de calculus (PC), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Bacterial samples from the subgingival biofilm and saliva were collected and the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique identified the presence and number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. The Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to compare clinical and microbiological data from pregnant and non-pregnant women. The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for intra-group comparisons. Pregnant and non-pregnant women showed similar periodontal conditions. Regarding the subgingival microbiota, no significant difference was found among women in the second trimester of pregnancy and nonpregnant women. Regarding the salivary microbiota, it was observed higher abundance of P. intermedia in pregnant compared with non-pregnant women. In intra-group comparison, for clinical parameters, Friedman test showed significant difference concerning PD = 4-5 mm, not confirmed by the Wilcoxon test. Regarding the microbiological parameters, in the subgingival biofilm it was found that numbers of P. nigrescens decreased among the three periods analyzed, increased bacterial counts were found for C. rectus from the second trimester to 48h after the delivery, as well as for P. intermedia from 48h to 8 weeks post-partum. In saliva, there was a significant reduction of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens among the longitudinal follow-up, with the highest values found in the second trimester of pregnancy. In 10 conclusion, the results confirm the hypothesis that there is a change in the microbiota during pregnancy, at least for P. nigrescens, P. intermedia and C. rectus, although little difference was observed in relation to clinical parameters.

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Almeida, Tâmera Nunes Vieira. "Avaliação da ocorrência de rotavírus do grupo a após a implantação da vacina oral de rotavírus humano - VORH e análise comparativa das amostras circulantes antes e após a implantação da VORH em Goiânia – Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6780.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The group A rotaviruses (RVA) are recognized as the main viral agents of acute childhood gastroenteritis, and due to the high morbidity-mortality rates vaccination has being considered the best alternative for prevention and control of RVA. In Brazil, in March, 2006 the Ministry of Health included the human rotavirus oral vaccine – VORH, which was developed from a monovalent attenuated strain G1P[8], in the National Immunization Program. In this context, the present study aimed at the investigation of the occurrence of RVA infections in the city of Goiânia after the implementation of the VORH, as well as the comparative analysis of the RVA circulating strains during the pre- and post-vaccination periods. For the RVA identification, 65 fecal samples obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis, in the period from 2008 to 2009, were tested by an immunoenzymatic assay and by polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis, with a total detection rate of 16.9% (11/65). After molecular characterization, the G2 genotype was identified in 10 samples, and four of those were considered as G2P[4] genotype. For the comparative analysis, the G2P[4] samples, as well as other 15 samples, obtained in the pre- and post-vaccination periods, were submitted to genomic sequencing of the coding regions for the proteins VP6, VP7 and NSP4. The molecular characterization of the VP7 gene showed that the G1 samples belonged to lineages I and II, sublineages d and b, respectively, and that all the G2 samples belonged to lineage II, with the differentiation of three sublineages, a, c and d, which were correlated with the collection periods. Regarding the VP6 genogroups and the NSP4 genotypes, a predominance of genogroup I and genotype A in postvaccination period was observed, whereas a predominance of genogroup II and genotype B was identified in the period before de vaccine implementation. The association between the G and P genotypes with VP6 genogroups and NSP4 genotypes revealed the predominance of the G1-P[8]-II-B combination in the pre-vaccination period, and the association G2-P[4]-I-A in the post-vaccination period, which suggests the substitution of these combinations after the implementation of the VORH.
Rotavírus do grupo A (RVA) são reconhecidos como os principais agentes virais da gastroenterite aguda infantil e, devido aos relevantes índices de morbi-mortalidade, a vacinação tem sido considerada a melhor alternativa para a prevenção e o controle de RVA. No Brasil, em março de 2006 o Ministério da Saúde adicionou ao Programa Nacional de Imunização a Vacina Oral de Rotavírus Humano (VORH), a qual foi desenvolvida a partir de uma amostra monovalente atenuada G1P[8]. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetivou a investigação da ocorrência das infecções por RVA na cidade de Goiânia após a implantação da VORH, bem como proceder a uma análise comparativa das amostras de RVA circulantes nos períodos pré e pós-vacinal. Para identificação de RVA, 65 espécimes fecais coletados no período de 2008 a 2009 de crianças com gastroenterite aguda, foram submetidos ao Ensaio Imunoenzimático e Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida, sendo observado um índice total de detecção de 16,9% (11/65). Após caracterização molecular, o genótipo G2 foi identificado em 10 amostras, sendo que quatro destas foram definidas como G2P[4]. Para análise comparativa, as amostras G2P[4], bem como outras 15 amostras coletadas nos períodos pré e pós-vacinal, foram submetidas ao sequenciamento genômico para as regiões codificantes das proteínas VP6, VP7 e NSP4. A caracterização molecular do gene de VP7 mostrou que as amostras G1 pertenciam às linhagens I e II, sublinhagens d e b, respectivamente, e que todas as amostras G2 pertencem à linhagem II, com a diferenciação de três sublinhagens, a, c e d, as quais foram correlacionadas com os períodos de coleta. Considerando os genogrupos de VP6 e genótipos de NSP4 identificados, observou-se predominância para genogrupo I e genótipo A no período pós-vacinal, enquanto, genogrupo II e genótipo B foram identificados com maior frequência antes da implantação da vacina. A associação entre os genótipos G e P com genogrupos de VP6 e genótipos de NSP4 revelou predominância da combinação G1-P[8]II-B no período pré-vacinal e da associação G2-P[4]-I-A no período pós-vacinal o que sugere uma substituição destas combinações após a implantação da VORH.

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25

Mullan, Patrick Joseph. "A microbiological study of novel anti-plaque agents." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299397.

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26

Eckley, Brett. "A microbiological and clinical assessment of orthodontic patients with poor oral hygiene." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=79.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 108 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-67).

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27

Josefsson, Kenneth. "Antimicrobial prophylaxis of bacteraemia in oral surgery pharmacological, toxicological and microbiological aspects /." Stockholm : Dept. of Oral Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12018190.html.

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28

Jose, Anto. "Investigating the effects of oral microbial biofilms on oral epithelial cells." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4162/.

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Periodontal disease is associated with an inflammatory response to a pathogenic biofilm. The host response may cause gingival inflammation, which can progress to irreversible gingival recession, alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss. Enhanced understanding of the host-biofilm relationship may inform novel therapeutic approaches. A key molecule involved in inducing and mediating pro-inflammatory responses are the IL-17 cytokine family. An in vitro model system potentially provides a platform to investigate biofilm interaction with epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to develop in vitro mono-species and multi-species biofilms and investigate the survival of biofilms in cell culture conditions, and simultaneously assess the epithelial response to the bacterial biofilms and planktonic cells with respect to viability, apoptosis and inflammatory mediators. This study also looked to determine whether IL-17A is expressed within and released from periodontal tissues and to investigate its role in the regulation of epithelial cell cytokine and chemokine production. Mono- and multi-species biofilms of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. mitis were developed, which were assessed for survival in cell culture conditions, recovery from biofilms and morphology. Gingival tissue from patients with chronic periodontitis or healthy controls were analysed for IL-17A gene expression by qPCR. Protein expression and cellular localization was determined by immunofluorescence. Single cell suspensions of gingival tissue were stimulated in vitro and IL-17A release assessed. Epithelial response after bacterial and IL-17A co-culture was assessed. The individual bacteria survived preferentially in multi-species biofilm compared with mono-species biofilm in cell culture conditions. The viability, apoptosis and inflammatory mediator response depended on the type (pathogen or commensal) and form (planktonic or biofilm) of bacteria. Diseased gingival tissues expressed significantly higher levels of IL-17A mRNA than healthy samples. IL-17A localised to mast cells in the inflamed gingival tissue, and was released in cell culture supernatants following stimulation. Stimulation of epithelial cells with IL-17A resulted in the transcriptional regulation and release of numerous cytokines and chemokines. The initial component of the entire investigation has provided a quantitative and qualitative assessment of both mono- and multi-species biofilms that can be used to investigate how oral biofilms interact with the host epithelium. The epithelial-biofilm co-culture model has demonstrated clear differences between (i) planktonic and biofilms, (ii) pathogens and commensals, and (iii) live and dead bacterial challenge. These observations and the utility of the model will provide a platform to investigate key questions relating to pathogen and host within the oral cavity and beyond. From this study, it appears that IL-17A plays an important role in the protective periodontal immune response to bacterial pathogens. The upregulation of acute inflammatory mediators (such as IL-8) will promote neutrophil recruitment and potentiate the removal of any invading microbial threat. Therefore it is important to understand the benefits of this cytokine, before systemic therapeutic agents are used to antagonise its actions. The hope for the future is to unravel the details of the mechanisms involved and thereby identify novel therapeutic targets for inflammatory and infectious disease.

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29

Black, Tracy. "Aspects of adherence of oral streptococci." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278881.

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30

Jorquera, Rivera Gilbert Alex. "Recuento microbiano en pacientes con rehabilitación oral." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/141060.

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Trabajo de Investigación Requisito para optar al Título de Cirujano Dentista
El presente estudio evaluó en pacientes portadores de rehabilitación oral integral el efecto de la aplicación única de barnices preventivos Duraphat® Cervitec®, en conjunto con un instructivo de higiene oral con coadyudantes específicamente cepillo interproximal en el recuento semicuantitativo de S.mutans y L. acidophilus. Al mismo tiempo correlacionó el recuento bacteriano con los biomateriales más utilizados en las rehabilitaciones de los pacientes. La hipótesis que se contrasto fue: los materiales utilizados en la rehabilitación oral integral, no influyen en el recuento semicuantitativo de S.mutans y L. acidophilus de pacientes rehabilitados, después de la aplicación única de barnices preventivos. El estudio se llevo a cabo en pacientes ya dados de alta, del programa de Especialización en Rehabilitación Oral de la Escuela de Graduados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile, promoción 2005. La muestra consistió en 33 pacientes, y se dividió aleatoriamente en 3 subgrupos, A, B y C. Al subgrupo A solo se le enseño técnica de higiene oral junto a coayudantes específicamente cepillo interproximal. Al subgrupo B se le aplico barniz de fluor (Duraphat®, Colgate- Palmolive) además del instructivo de higiene oral con cepillo interproximal. Al Subgrupo C se le aplico barniz de clorhexidina (Cervitec®, Vivadent) y el mismo instructivo de higiene. Utilizamos CRT® para cuantificar la presencia de bacterias, Cervitec® y Duraphat® como agentes antibacterianos. Después de un mes en un segundo recuento encontramos; que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el recuento semicuantitativo de S.mutans y L. acidophilus de pacientes rehabilitados, después de la aplicación única de barnices preventivos. Ninguna combinación resulto ser más efectiva en forma estadísticamente significativa en la reducción de los recuentos bacterianos, sin embargo la mejor combinación entre ellos fue la de clorhexidina más técnica de higiene seguida por la de fluor mas técnica de higiene para terminar con la sola instrucción de técnicas de higiene. No existió una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el recuento semicuantitativo de S.mutans y L. acidophilus entre resinas compuestas y cerámica, para la muestra total. A la luz de estos resultados surge la necesidad de seguir a los pacientes por un mayor periodo de tiempo e incrementar el número de aplicaciones de barnices preventivos con el fin de obtener un muestreo que determine cual es el umbral mínimo de monitoreo para los pacientes en estas condiciones con el objetivo de establecer un protocolo clínico de mantención destinado a obtener un recuento bacteriano bajo (<105) en los pacientes portadores de rehabilitación oral integral, con el fin de evitar el fracaso de éstas por nuevos episodios de caries.

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Owen, Rhian Harper. "Investigation of uncultivable bacteria in oral infection." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284845.

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Hakimi, Basir. "Microbiological findings in subjects with asymptomatic oral lichen planus : a cross-sectional comparative study /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Klitorinos, Antonia. "Comparative growth and locomotion of anaerobic oral spirochetes." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60461.

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A positive relationship has been established between the number of oral spirochetes in diseased periodontal pockets and the severity of periodontal disease. Growth studies were carried out in order to obtain a better understanding of the nutritional requirements of three species of oral spirochetes. Long-chain fatty acids were shown to support the growth of all treponemes studied with the exception of Treponema socranskii. Short-chain fatty acids and rabbit serum were found to be essential for growth. Glucuronic acid was shown to stimulate growth.
Video time-lapse microscopy using darkfield optics was employed to study the locomotory behaviour of spirochetes in media of different densities. Optimal migration of spirochetes was found to be viscosity-dependent. Treponema denticola ATCC 35404 and T. denticola ATCC 35405 exhibited the greatest mean speeds at 0.2-0.3 % (wt./vol.) Nobel agar. Optimal motility for T. vincentii ATCC 35580 and T. socranskii ss. socranskii ATCC 35536 was achieved at 0.35-0.40 % (wt./vol.) Noble agar.

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Steinkamp, Heidi Marie. "Contribution of Genetics to Oral Microbiome Acquisition." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534704799373511.

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Schmalz, Gerhard, Anne Kauffels, Otto Kollmar, Jan E. Slotta, Radovan Vasko, Gerhard A. Müller, Rainer Haak, and Dirk Ziebolz. "Oral behavior, dental, periodontal and microbiological findings in patients undergoing hemodialysis and after kidney transplantation." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-210319.

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Background: Aim of this single center cross-sectional study was to investigate oral behavior, dental, periodontal and microbiological findings in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and after kidney transplantation (KT). Methods: Patients undergoing HD for end-stage renal failure and after KT were investigated. Oral health behavior was recorded using a standardized questionnaire, e.g. dental behavior, tooth brushing, oral hygiene aids. Oral investigation included screening of oral mucosa, dental findings (DMF-T) and periodontal situation (Papilla bleeding index [PBI] periodontal probing depth [PPD] and clinical attachment loss [CAL]). Additionally, microbiological analysis of subgingival biofilm samples (PCR) was performed. Statistical analysis: Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney-U-test, Fisher’s exact test (α = 5 %). Results: A total of 70 patients (HD: n = 35, KT: n = 35) with a mean age of 56.4 ± 11.1 (HD) and 55.8 ± 10.9 (KT) years were included. Lack in use of additional oral hygiene (dental floss, inter-dental brush) was found. KT group presented significantly more gingivial overgrowth (p = 0.01). DMF-T was 19.47 ± 5.84 (HD) and 17.61 ± 5.81 (KT; p = 0. 21). Majority of patients had clinically moderate and severe periodontitis; showing a need for periodontal treatment of 57 % (HD) and 71 % (KT; p = 0.30). Significantly higher prevalence of Parvimonas micra and Capnocytophaga species in the HD group were found (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Periodontal treatment need and lack in oral behavior for both groups indicate the necessity of an improved early treatment and prevention of dental and periodontal disease, e.g. in form of special care programs. Regarding microbiological findings, no major differences between KT and HD patients were found.

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Vesey, Peter Mark. "Antigen expression of oral streptococci associated with infective endocarditis." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324795.

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曾雅影 and Nga-ying Tsang. "Oral cavity as natural reservoir for streptococcus sinensis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45011497.

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Tsang, Nga-ying. "Oral cavity as natural reservoir for streptococcus sinensis /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38480414.

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Ashby, Deborah. "Feasibility of testing recombinant oral attenuated Salmonella vaccines in rabbits." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6248.

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An effective vaccine against chancroid could take the place of therapeutic control programs, offering long-lasting protection without the risk of widespread drug resistance. Orally administered recombinant attenuated Salmonella strains are used as vaccine vectors to deliver heterologous, pathogen-derived antigens to intestinal mucosal associated lymphoid tissue, and to provide vaccine adjuvancy. Chancroid vaccines are tested in a temperature-dependent rabbit model of experimental H. ducreyi infection. However, testing of recombinant attenuated Salmonella strains as vaccine vectors has never been done in rabbits; it is usually done in mice. Anatomic and physiologic differences may limit this approach to the demonstration of vaccine feasibility in rabbits. A three-part study was designed to assess the feasibility of testing attenuated Salmonella vector vaccines in rabbits. The questions asked were, (1) what is the maximum tolerated oral dose and minimum immunogenic oral dose of attenuated Salmonella in rabbits, (2) can a recombinant antigen expressed in the attenuated vector be recognized by the rabbit immune system, and (3) will experimental H. ducreyi infection in rabbits after oral Salmonella vaccination function as a comparative quantitative virulence assay to permit vaccine evaluation? (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Swartz, Timothy. "Oral and post-oral factors controlling energy balance in GF rodents." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836252.

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Mes études ont pour but d'examiner les altérations métaboliques et comportementales dans des modèles de souris axéniques. Nous avons démontré que les souris axéniques présentent une augmentation de préférence et d'acceptation des solutions sucrées. Cette augmentation est corrélée à des changements des niveaux d'expression des récepteurs du goût sucré au niveau de l'épithélium lingual et la muqueuse intestinale; T1R2, T1R3, et le transporteur de glucose SGLT-1. De plus, elles ont une préférence pour des fortes concentrations de saccharose comparées aux souris normales. Cet effet est associé à une augmentation des niveaux d'expression de T1R3 et SGLT-1 dans l'intestin. Nous avons étudié si cette augmentation de consommation de sucre était similaire à celle de acide gras, étayé les effets d'une consommation des lipides sur les niveaux d'expression des récepteurs des acides gras "CD36" au niveau de l'épithélium lingual et la muqueuse intestinale ainsi que les niveaux d'expression et de sécrétion des peptides intestinales à vocation satiétogène chez les souris axéniques comparées aux souris normales. En effet, nous avons démontré que les souris axéniques affichent une consommation accrue et une préférence pour les acides gras à des fortes et faibles concentrations respectivement. Ces changements étaient associés à une diminution des niveaux d'expression des détecteurs gustatifs de gras (GPRs), des faibles taux d'expression et de sécrétion des peptides intestinales, une augmentation d'expression du récepteur des acides gras au niveau de l'épithélium lingual et une augmentation des taux circulants des acides gras. Ces modifications peuvent constituer des mécanismes d'adaptation à l'état énergétique appauvri des souris axéniques. Nous avons essayé de savoir si ces altérations étaient présentes chez le rat dépourvu axénique. En effet, nous avons constaté que les rats axéniques présentent un niveau similaire ou élevé de la masse grasse, avec une diminution de la lipogenèse et une augmentation de l'adipogenèse expliquant l'hyperphagie du tissu adipeux. En résumé, nous avons démontré que l'absence du microbiote intestinal chez la souris conduit à une augmentation de l'apport énergétique en augmentant la consommation de sucres et de gras. Ces effets sont associés à des altérations orales et post-orales des niveaux d'expressions des détecteurs gustatifs tandis que le microbiote intestinal du rat F344 ne joue pas un rôle central dans l'adiposité

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De, Ciccio Angela. "Oral spirochetes : contribution to oral malodor and formation of spherical bodies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0004/MQ29679.pdf.

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Cama-Lee, Vitaliano Antonio. "Evaluation of passive immune therapies for the oral treatment of cryptosporidiosis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279852.

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Cryptosporidium parvum is a ubiquitous parasite affecting a wide range of mammals. In immune competent hosts it causes profuse self-resolving diarrhea. In those with impaired immunity, diarrhea persists while the deficiency prevails because there are no effective therapies available. Previous studies reported the benefits of polyclonal antibodies for treating cryptosporidiosis. Data from preliminary studies supported the anti-parasitic efficacy of bovine and hen egg yolk polyclonal antibody preparations. Preliminary in vivo testing showed significant reductions in the parasite loads (p < 0.05) of animals treated with yolk antibodies when compared to controls. Preparations of anti-C. parvum polyclonal antibodies from human breast milk, bovine colostrum and chicken egg yolks were obtained and tested in vitro for activity and potency and subsequently tested for efficacy in comparative in vivo studies. Hen egg yolk preparations were significantly more efficacious (p < 0.01) and subsequently evaluated in human clinical trials. Analysis of data from the trial showed beneficial therapeutic value and also the need for improvements in the egg yolk formulations. Further work directed towards antibody concentration and lipid reductions were performed. The dilution of egg yolks with water precipitated the lipids and the lipid-reduced supernatant fluids were lyophilized resulting in an enhanced formulation with increased anti-cryptosporidial potency and about 90% reduction in the lipid contents. The efficacy of the enhanced preparations was also tested in vivo with parasite reductions in the order of 90%. Hen egg yolk antibodies could be a valuable component for treating or controlling enteric cryptosporidiosis.

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Paolucci, Michela <1982&gt. "Caratterizzazione microbiologica ed epidemiologica del microbiota del cavo orale mediante metodiche colturali e molecolari." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6533/.

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La ricerca si è focalizzata su due degli aspetti di interesse odontoiatrico più diffusi: la carie dentaria e la parodontite cronica. Il problema della carie dentaria è stato studiato in una popolazione di 39 soggetti affetti da cardiopatia congenita in cui la scarsa igiene orale è fattore di rischio per problematiche di salute generale e soprattutto per lo sviluppo di endocardite infettiva. I dati osservati e confrontati con quelli di un omogeneo gruppo di controllo dimostrano che nella dentatura decidua questi bambini hanno più denti cariati, come dimostrato dalla significativa differenza dell'indice dmft. Nella dentatura permanente non si osservano differenze tra i due gruppi. La carica microbica totale rilevata nella saliva e la presenza di Streptococcus mutans non mostrano differenze tra i due gruppi. I problemi di parodontite cronica sono stati studiati in un gruppo di 352 soggetti italiani adulti in cui si è definita la prevalenza dei 6 più importanti patogeni parodontali e la possibile correlazione con parametri clinici (pus, sanguinamento al sondaggio - BOP, profondità di sondaggio della tasca parodontale – PPD). Tra le 6 specie batteriche ricercate, quello di più frequente riscontro è stato Fusobacterium nucleatum (95%), mentre quello con carica batterica più alta è stato Tannerella forsythia. La carica batterica di Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia e Fusobacterium nucleatum ha mostrato una correlazione diretta con il BOP e la presenza di pus. Inoltre, si è riscontrato che la carica batterica di tutte le specie (tranne Aggregatibacterium actinomycetemcomitans) aumenta all'aumentare del PPD. Tra le variabili studiate, PPD rappresenta il più importante fattore di rischio per la presenza di parodontopatogeni, mentre BOP è un indicatore di rischio per la ricerca del complesso rosso.
This research was focused on the two widespread dental problems: dental caries and chronic periodontitis. Caries problems were studied among 39 patients affected by congenital hearth disease (CHD) who are at high risk to deteriorate their general health status and develop infective endocarditis if they have poor oral hygiene. The results were compared with those of an homogeneous control group and showed that children with CHD have more decayed teeth and a significant higher dmft index for primary teeth. There were no differences in the caries experience in the two groups when comparing the permanent teeth. Saliva obtained and cultured from both groups showed no differences in the viable microbial load and Streptococcus mutans presence. These results agree with other published data and show that dental care in CHD subjects is not a priority. Chronic periodontitis was studied among 352 Italian adult patients whose subgingival samples were analyzed to detect the 6 most important periodontal pathogens. Correlation with clinical parameters (suppuration, bleeding on probing – BOP, pocket probing depth – PPD) was also analyzed. Among the 6 bacterial species, the most frequent was Fusobacterium nucleatum (95%), while the most abundant was Tannerella forsythia. Bacterial load for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum showed a direct correlation with BOP and suppuration. Moreover, the bacterial load raised at probing pocket deepening for each studied bacteria (with the exception of Aggregatibacterium actinomycetemcomitans). Among the investigated variables, PPD resulted as the most relevant risk indicator for presence of periodontal pathogens and BOP appeared as a risk indicator for Red Complex detection.

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Scott, David 1964 Jan 11. "Virulence factors of oral anaerobic spirochetes." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34446.

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The research work presented in this thesis involved the examination of several fundamental questions concerning the role of oral anaerobic spirochetes (OAS) in the etiology of periodontal disease (PD). OAS are unusual, helical, Gram-negative bacteria that are considered putative periodontopathogens due to numerical association with diseased sites and the enzymatic arsenal available to OAS that appears consistent with disease symptoms. T. denticola is the most commonly isolated OAS from periodontal pockets and as such is the focus of most investigations into the role of OAS in PD.
As free iron is severely limited in humans the means by which OAS may obtain sufficient iron to prosper in the sub-gingiva was examined. The resultant model suggests T. denticola obtains iron through the $ beta$-hemolysis of erythrocytes and the binding of liberated hemin by a 47-kDa outer membrane sheath (OMS) protein. The kinetics of the ligand-receptor interaction are presented and the receptor has been purified to apparent homogeneity from T. denticola. $ sp3$H-labeled hemin is not transported into the cell. Evidence is presented to show that T. denticola produces an iron reductase, which may facilitate the transport of ferrous iron across biological membranes. It is also shown that T. denticola (Td), T. vincentii (Tv) and T. socranskii (Ts) do not produce siderophores. In growth assays, under conditions of iron-limitation, T. denticola may use inorganic iron, a source unlikely to be available in vivo.
Hyaluronidase (Hase) activity is elevated in the gingival crevice during episodes of disease. Hase, when injected into the periodontal cavity under experimental conditions has been shown to result in connective tissue degradation. It is also known that T. pallidum, the agent of syphilis, produces a Hase that is critical to pathogenesis. Evidence is presented herein to show that Td, Tv and Ts all produce a hyauronoglucosaminidase (HGase). The identity and specificity of the Td HGase is confirmed through the use of enzyme inhibitors and activators, by electron microscope observations of the enzyme using the Hase inhibitor gold sodium thiomalate and anti-Apis mellifera venom antibodies and examination of the purity of the HA substrate using other polysaccharide degrading enzymes. As the HGase of these OAS would not migrate through a substrate-SDS PAGE system, we have employed hyaluronate (HA)- and chondroitin sulfate (CS)-absorbed nitrocellulose membranes to visualize HGase activity. The 59 kDa HGase of Td has been purified to apparent homogeneity through the conjugation of HA and CS to Affigel 701 beads.
The last subject to be addressed by this thesis pertains to the ultrastructure of oral spirochetes. Using the copper-containing dye, Alcian blue, we have shown that T. denticola produces an exopolysaccharide layer, in an electron microscopy investigation. The development of a stain for dark-field microscopy has simplified the observation of this layer. The exopolysaccharide layer may have relevance to the evasion of phagocytosis, to protection against colicins, immunoglobulins and bacteriophages, to adherence and perhaps to the immunogenicity of OAS inhabiting the sub-gingiva.

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Hautefort, Isabelle. "Facteurs de colonisation et expression de proteines heterologues chez lactobacillus fermentum (doctorat : microbiologie)." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114823.

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Gwynn, Justin Pierre. "Characterisation of the interactions between human salivary #alpa#-amylase and oral streptococci." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319417.

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47

Mukherjee, Chiranjit. "High Resolution Characterization of the Human Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574678346902957.

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Souza, Ricardo Alves de. "Avaliação periodontal e microbiologica em pacientes com dois tipos de ligaduras ortodonticas." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287936.

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Orientadores: Maria Beatriz Borges de Araujo Magnani, Reginaldo Bruno Gonçalves
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T11:39:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_RicardoAlvesde_M.pdf: 2035087 bytes, checksum: 3fc05864a0ec2372667cd82433309074 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: A dificuldade no controle de biofilme dentário em paciente sob tratamento ortodôntico promove modificações no periodonto e na microbiota normais da cavidade bucal. Neste aspecto, poucos estudos investigaram os efeitos dos dispositivos de amarração do arco ortodôntico, como ligaduras elásticas e metálicas. Desta maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações periodontais e microbiológicas de pacientes com aparelho ortodôntico fixo. No capítulo 1, através de uma revisão de literatura, evidenciou-se que, de forma geral, nos parâmetros periodontais, os resultados foram significativos para acúmulo de biofilme e inflamação gengival durante tratamento ortodôntico fixo. Neste estudo, caracterizou-se também, a forte correlação de espécies como A. actinomycetemcomitans ao biofilme subgengival de bandas ortodônticas. No capítulo 2 intitulado: Periodontal and microbiologic evaluation of two methods of arckwire ligation: ligatures wires and elastomeric ríngs, estes dois métodos em questão foram comparadas, considerando aspectos periodontais e microbiológicos. Para realização desta pesquisa, foram selecionados 14 pacientes, sem sinais clínicos de inflamação gengival, em que foram coletadas amostras de biofilme dos dentes 15, 25, 32 e 42, antes da instalação de aparelho fixo, e após seis meses de tratamento. Cada arco ortodôntico foi fixado com anéis elásticos em um dos lados das arcadas, enquanto ligaduras metálicas foram utilizadas no lado oposto. Como parâmetro periodontal foi utilizado: índice de placa, de sangramento gengival e profundidade à sondagem; e para detecção de P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, e P. nigrescens, foi realizada técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). Após análise de variância (p < 5%), os resultados periodontais mostraram diferenças estatísticas significantes para os anéis elásticos, que exibiram um elevado valor para índice de placa e de sangramento. Pelo teste de McNemar, os anéis elásticos demonstraram quantidade significativa no número de sítios positivos de T. forsythia e P. nigrescens, quando comparado às ligaduras metálicas (p < 5%). Os resultados clínicos e a maior propensão de presença destes 2 periodontopatógenos, demonstraram que os anéis elásticos não são recomendados em pacientes com higiene bucal deficiente
Abstract: Periodontium and oral microbiota subeject to alterations as orthodontic patients find difficulties in controlling oral biofilm. Few studies have investigated orthodontic devices, such as elastomeric rings and steel ligatures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal and microbiological alterations in patients fixed orthodontic appliances. Literature review (chapter 1) showed significant results concerning accumulation of biofilm and gingival inflammation in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment. The present study revealed a strong correlation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and subgingival biofilm of orthodontic bands. The second chapter {Periodontal and microbiologic evaluation of two methods of arckwire ligation: ligatures wires and elastomeric rings) shows a comparison between these two techniques, considering periodontal and microbiological aspects. This study evaluated 14 patients having no clinical signs of gingival inflammation. Biofilm samples of teeth 15, 25, 32 and 42 were collected before fixed appliance placement and again six months after treatment. Each orthodontic arc was fixed with elastomeric rings on one of the sides of the arches, while steel ligatures had been used on the opposite side. Plaque index, gingival bleeding and probing depth were used as periodontal parameter. A technique of Molecular Biology called polymerase in chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, and P. nigrescens. Analysis of variance (p < 5%) revealed statistically significant differences for the elastomeric rings, which showed high scores for bleeding and plaque index, while McNemar test showed that T. forsythia and P. nigrescens demonstrafed a larger number of positive sites for the elastomeric rings group, when compared to steel ligatures group (p < 5%). In conclusion, elastomeric rings favored the presence of these 2 pathogens, and due the periodontal findings, should not be recommended in patients with deficient oral hygiene
Mestrado
Ortodontia
Mestre em Radiologia Odontológica

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Parahitiyawa, Nipuna Bandara. "Phylogenetic aspects of oral bacterial microbiome." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43278486.

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Gandhi, Roma. "The Natural Acquisition of the Oral Microbiome in Childhood: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468773162.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Microbiologia Oral'

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