Academic literature on the topic 'Microbiological and toxicological parameters'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microbiological and toxicological parameters"
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Goelzer, Daniela, Sara Helena Raupp Gomes, and Daiane Berlese. "Physical, chemical and toxicological analysis of samples of Arroyo Aschmidt points in Campo Bom, Rio Grande do Sul." Concilium 23, no. 16 (2023): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/conj-1808-m26.
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The availability of some organic and inorganic nutrients and certain microbiological agents in water indicate the level of quality in which it is found, being a fundamental indicator for the monitoring of life in aquatic environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the Arroyo Schmidt waters, in the city of Campo Bom, through physical, chemical and toxicological analyzes. The studied parameters were conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, apparent color, pH, turbidity, fecal and total coliforms and toxicological analyzes.
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Pantoja, Danielle Nazaré Salgado Mamede, Hebe Morganne Campos Ribeiro, Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola, Gysele Maria Morais Costa, Ronaldo Magno Rocha, and Washington Aleksander Savaris dos Santos. "Spatial Characterization of Water quality for human consumption from well in the county of Barcarena - PA." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 8 (2022): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.98.42.
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The exploitation of groundwater in the world assumes an important role due to its low cost, but this facility makes it more vulnerable to contamination. In this context, this study characterized the physical-chemical, toxicological and microbiological aspects of 165 samples of water for human consumption from wells from different sources of supply in the county of Barcarena-PA, which is divided into two regions: Barcarena headquarters and Industrial, in the period from 2017 to 2019. A water quality index was prepared to assess the water quality standard. Total Coliform bacteria were detected in 43.64% and E. coli in 15.76% of the water samples, most of which were untreated. Considering the physical-chemical and toxicological parameters, some, such as pH and aluminum, presented average values in disagreement with Brazilian legislation. Thus, a heterogeneity of contamination was observed in the Headquarters and Industrial regions, where the first presented alteration in the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters and the second, greater amount of metals and lower pH values. As for the index, only three categories of water quality were evidenced in the municipality:
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Yakubchak, O., N. Tyshkivskaya, and M. Tyshkivsky. "Toxicity, microbiological parameters and amino acid composition of the organic feed additive Grinat." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 1(173) (June 24, 2022): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-110-119.
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Recently, the problem of increasing the productivity of farm animals is one of the most important for veterinary medicine. Since the animals “programmed” for maximum productivity by selection turned out to be excessively exposed to anthropogenic and biological negative factors, the result of this is a decrease in their productivity. Conducted toxicological, microbiological, mycological and chromatographic studies of the organic feed additive ˮGreenat“, which includes humic acids. It is promising to study the possibility of using preparations containing humic substances to increase the productivity of farm animals and poultry, to enhance the general nonspecific resistance of the body. Given that peat is the raw material for the manufacture of the additive, toxicity, mycological and microbiological indicators are extremely important. Toxicological studies (bioassays on rabbits and Colpoda steinii culture) proved the absence of toxic substances, as evidenced by the activity of the colpoda infusoria for 10 minutes and 3 hours of the study, and the absence of hyperemia and inflammation on the skin of the rabbit. The number of mold fungi does not exceed the allowable limits of 1.5x102 CFU/g (according to the norm 5.0x104), qualitative studies revealed and identified by mass spectrometry the mold fungi A. alternata; C. cladosporioides, which belong to saprophytes and get into the organic feed additive "Grinat" from the remains of plants during their decomposition. Microscopic fungi Alternaria spp. participate in the decomposition and mineralization of plant residues due to the polygalacturonase enzyme complex, which allows them to attach themselves and exist in various conditions. Cladosporium spp. found outdoors and indoors, in degraded organic debris, produce secondary metabolites such as antibiotics that are inhibitors of B. subtilis, E. coli, and C. albicans. Microbiologically, Maldi Tof mass spectrometry detected Bacillus megaterium, which belongs to soil bacteria, and Staphylococcus hominis, found as a harmless commensal on the skin of humans and animals. Chromatographically confirmed the presence of essential amino acids: leucine (0.120%), valine (0.089%), threonine (0.064%), phenylalanine (0.039%), isoleucine (0.024%), histidine (0.021), methionine (0.011%), lysine (0.05%), tryptophan (0.007%). Accordingly, conditionally replaceable and non-essential amino acids, which can help to avoid a shortage of feed components in animal diets. Key words: Greenate, Colpoda steinii, general toxicity, amino acids, molds, Maldi Tof, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus hominis, A. alternata, C. cladosporioides.
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RANTOS (Σ. ΡΑΝΤΟΣ), S., L. PANTOULAS (Λ. ΠΑΝΤΟΥΛΑΣ), I. SARAKATSIANOS (Ι. ΣΑΡΑΚΑΤΣΙΑΝΟΣ), G. ROZOS (Γ. ΡΟΖΟΣ), and N. PAPAIOANNOU (Ν. ΠAΠΑΪΩΑNNOΥ). "Microbiological, histological, technological, and toxicological preliminary study of dog's canned food." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 49, no. 2 (2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15756.
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During this study canned food for dogs of six firms were investigated (42 samples totally). Microbiologically the following parameters were checked: the commercial sterility, the water activity (aw), the pH, the presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria after incubation of tins in 25 ° C for 28 days, 32 ° C for 21 days and 55 ' C for 8 days. Histologically, the existence of different kinds of tissues was examined. Technologically Weende's analysis and separation of the tin's content were made. Toxicologically, the concentration of lead and cadmium were countered. The results showed that dog's canned food, in Greece, are supersterillised. Muscular, adipose and connective tissue are used for their production as well as byproducts and soya proteins by some firms. The results of Weende's analysis are in full agreement with the amount of nutriments that they were written on tins' labels.
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Nataliya, Grynchenko, Tishchenko Olga, Grynchenko Olga, and Pyvovarov Pavel. "INVESTIGATION OF SAFETY AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF GRANULATED FILLERS." EUREKA: Life Sciences 2 (March 31, 2020): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001208.
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Within the conducted studies there were highlighted urgent questions of introducing the management system of quality and safety of food products. Quality and safety parameters that determine the notion of food product quality have been established by analyzing the normative and legislative base. There were studied quality parameters of granulated fillers that are structured systems of the ball-like form with diameter (3…7)·10<sup>-3</sup> m and are characterized with a plastic, a bit crumbling consistence. Granules may be used as fillers for milk and sour-milk products, cheeses, ice-cream, dessert products, confectionary ones, beverages, salads, culinary floury products. The organoleptic quality evaluation of the products was realized by the descriptive (qualitative) method and by the profile analysis one (quantitative). Each organoleptic parameter (consistence, taste, smell and so on) is presented as a totality of components (descriptors), evaluated by quality, intensity and manifestation order. A characteristic of organoleptic parameters with intensity scales of separate signs is presented as profile diagrams. The complex organoleptic index that is 4.89…4.95 points has been determined. Basic physical-chemical properties of the new products were studied. It has been determined, that the content of main nutritive substances in the composition of fillers is: proteins 3.4…7.2 %, lipids – 2.5…6.5 %, total carbohydrates 7.8…13.2 %, mineral substances 0.25…1.12 %, that allow to pose fillers as products with the high food value. Safety parameters of the granulated fillers were studied – microbiological and toxicological ones, and also the content of mycotoxins and antibiotics. It has been proved, that the new products fully correspond to established norms by these parameters. The study of microbiological indices of the new products has proved the content of viable lactate bacteria in the fillers in amount 3·10<sup>8</sup>…1·10<sup>7</sup> CFU in 1 g of a product and the absence of the pathogenic and conventionally pathogenic microflora. The expert evaluation of safety of the granulated fillers as to the content of food supplements in their composition allows to make a conclusion about the correspondence of the developed products to international legislative requirements. It has been proved, that the storage term of new products is 90 days at temperature 1…6 °С and relative air humidity no more 75 %.
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Voronina, E. A., S. A. Dyakova, O. V. Popova, and E. S. Popova. "Comprehensive condition assessment of the black-backed sea shad (<i>Alosa kessleri</i>, Grimm, 1887) in the Lower Volga." Russian Journal of Parasitology 17, no. 3 (2023): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-3-340-351.
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The purpose of the research is to assess the condition of the black-backed sea shad (Alosa kessleri, Grimm, 1887) in the Lower Volga according to parasitological, microbiological, toxicological, and biochemical parameters, and to determine the correlation between the above during the spawning. Materials and methods. The research object was the black-backed sea shad caught with a river shore seine. Sampling for comprehensive studies was performed from 15 black-backed sea shads during the spawning migration in 2017. The fish were studied by the method of partial parasitological dissection (the protozoa class was not studied). The fish were collected and dissected, and cameral treatment was performed per Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya method. Microbiological studies were conducted by common methods. Species identification of identified helminths and microorganisms was performed according to standard identification guides. Toxicological studies included the determination of lead, cadmium, mercury, and petroleum hydrocarbons in the muscle tissue of the studied shad specimens by atomic absorption. In fish muscles, we studied the number of total lipids by the Zollner method, and water-soluble protein by the spectrometric Warburg-Christian method. The Fulton's condition factor was used for fatness determination. The obtained results were processed statistically. Results and discussion. The results of the comprehensive studies of commercial species of the black-backed sea shad (Alosa kessleri, Grimm, 1887) showed that the parasite fauna of fish was distinguished by a poor species composition as contracted with a qualitative microbiota biodiversity. Infection of the black-backed sea shad proceeded at the asymptomatic carrier level, which indicated a balanced relationship between parasites and the host. The levels of accumulated toxicants in shads were close to the characteristic values for fish in the Volga-Caspian basin. On average, the stock of energy resources in the studied fish had a positive trend in relation to the previous research period. The study results of the black-backed sea shad during the spawning showed the correlation of parasitological, microbiological, toxicological, and biochemical parameters that comprehensively affect the general physiological state of the studied fish.
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Helikh, Anna, Svitlana Danylenko, Tetiana Kryzhska, and Li Qingshan. "Development of technology and research of quality indicators of yoghurt with natural filler in the preservation process." FOOD RESOURCES 9, no. 16 (2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/foodresources2021-16-07.
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The subject of research – yogurt and pumpkin powder. The purpose of the study – to develop the technology of making yogurt with filler – pumpkin powder. Methods. Standard and practical research methods of dairy products were used. The qualitative indicators of the developed yogurt (sensorial indicators, viscosity, microbiological and toxicological indicators) during storage (15 days) were studied. The results of the study. Modern technologies of yogurt production include the use of various additives to improve the technological properties, as well as quality and texture characteristics. In this work, new technological solutions were developed in the formulations of yogurts without stabilizer with dietary fiber contained in pumpkin meal powder, the acceptability of new types of yogurts was evaluated. The dependence of a rheological indicator - the viscosity of the product depending on the amount of filler - in the storage process is analyzed. It was found that the largest increase in effective viscosity was observed in the sample with the introduction of pumpkin meal powder in the amount of 10 %, and the smallest – in the sample with the introduction of pumpkin meal powder in the amount of 5 %. This is due to the quantitative introduction of pumpkin meal powder into the formulation, which is a good sorbent that promotes a more even distribution of moisture between the particles of crushed plant material, which contributes to the formation of a denser clot. The influence of the filler – pumpkin meal powder on the microbiological parameters of yogurt during storage was determined. Studies of microbiological parameters of the control sample of yogurt classic and experimental samples with pumpkin meal powder during storage (15 days) indicate that the opportunistic and pathogenic microflora are within acceptable values. Toxicological studies have shown that safety indicators developed samples of yogurt with filler – pumpkin meal powder – meet the toxicological requirements for the type of product. Based on research, it is proven that yogurt with a natural filler – pumpkin meal powder retains high quality throughout the storage period. Scope of research results. The results of the research will be used to improve the technology of yogurt production at dairy plants.
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Bhusnure, Omprakash G., Shivraj Suryawanshi, S. M. Vijayendra Swamy, Sachin B. Gholve, Padmaja S. Girm, and Mahesh J. Birajdar. "Standardization and Quality Evaluation of Herbal Drugs." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3-s (2019): 1058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2941.
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In recent years most, people throughout world are turning to use medicinal plant and herbal product in healthcare system. the use of herbal product as medicine by the basis of history. The identification of pure active ingredient is an important requirement for Quality and dose determination of plant related dugs. Therefore, evaluation of the parameters based upon chemical, physical, microbiological, therapeutic and toxicological studies can serve as an important tool in stability studies. Standardization of herbal drugs means confirmation of its identity, Quality and purity. The present overview covers the standardization parameters with their standards value of some herbal drugs. Keywords: Herbal medicine, Standardization, Quality control, evaluation, WHO Guidelines.
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Sidorov, Mikhail, and Ekaterina Tomashevskaya. "Veterinary and sanitary examination of domestic reindeer meat in the Arctic zone." E3S Web of Conferences 392 (2023): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339201034.
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Organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological reindeer were carried out for the comprehensive study of veterinary and sanitary valuation of domestic reindeer; chemical and toxicological studies of meat from MUP “Primorsky” p. Khara-Ulah of the Bulun district, SPK KRO Turvaurgin v. Kolymsky Nizhnezhny Kolymsky and Anabar districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It has been established that the conditions of detention and the fodder base affect the meat production of reindeer, and the quality of meat is significantly improving. The integrated assessment of reindeer meat shows a higher nutritional value of reindeer meat, which is advantageous in terms of chemical composition, organoleptic and technological parameters.
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V. Sharov, Artem, Olga M. Plotnikova, Аnna I. Rykova, and Vadim V. Evseev. "Toxicological properties of activated carbons with saturated by cationic surfactant surface." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 1 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i1.29177.
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The article discusses the effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sorbed on activated carbons, on vital signs of some living systems.Extracts from carbon, saturated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, were injected into the organisms of laboratory mice and soil samples. The biochemical blood parameters were determined from laboratory mice. In soils was determined the enzymatic activity, as well as the number of major groups of soil microorganisms.In mice, under the influence of surfactants on active carbons, the activity of enzymes associated with the functioning of the liver changes to a greater extent. The effect on the urease activity of the soil was not detected, the phosphatase activity under the action of surfactants increases, catalase and dehydrogenase - fall. The number of oligonitrophils, oligotrophs and amylolytics is reduced. A decrease in the effect of surfactant bonded to the active carbons surface on the systems as compared with free surfactants has been recorded.The increase in the number of ammonifiers with the introduction of surfactants can be used for microbiological cleaning of waste active carbone.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microbiological and toxicological parameters"
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Mohd, Fuat Abd Razak. "Toxicological and microbiological status of some commercial herbal drugs from Malaysia." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426428.
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Josefsson, Kenneth. "Antimicrobial prophylaxis of bacteraemia in oral surgery pharmacological, toxicological and microbiological aspects /." Stockholm : Dept. of Oral Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12018190.html.
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Okonji, Osaretin Christabel. "Microbiological parameters that influence the treatment outcomes of monodrug and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6148.
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Magister Pharmaceuticae - Mpharm<br>Previous studies have reported microbiological parameters such as HIV infection, resistance to
anti-TB drugs such as fluoroquinolones, resistance to previous treatment with anti-TB drugsand
extrapulmonary TB, causing poor treatment outcomes in patients with monodrug and multidrugresistant
tuberculosis. However, little is known about the time to sputum culture conversion in
HIV-positive patients infected with monodrug and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South
Africa, and currently there is no information on the effects of inappropriate (i.e. low and high)
anti-tuberculosis drug-dose on the time to sputum culture conversion in monodrug and
multidrug-resistant TB patients. The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not there is a
difference between the time to sputum culture conversion in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients
with HIV, and those without HIV infection. It also aimed to find out whether inappropriate (i.e.
low and high) anti-tuberculosis drug dose could affect the time to sputum culture conversion in
drug-resistant TB patients. In addition, the influence of HIV infection (CD4 count and viral
load), drug resistance type, impact of antiretroviral duration before TB treatment, the
replacement of ofloxacin by moxifloxacin and DR-TB localization were assessed on drugresistant
TB treatment outcomes.
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Makarenko, O., O. Molozhava, Тетяна Василівна Івахнюк, et al. "Microbiological and immunological aspects of Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, OMICS International Pvt Ltd, 2017. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81108.
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В роботі описані результати мікробіологічних та імунологічних показників пацієнтів з хворобою Альцгеймера.<br>В работе описаны результаты микробиологических и иммунологических показателей пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера.<br>The paper describes the results of microbiological and immunological parameters of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Mert, Mecnun. "Effect Of High Hydrostatic Pressure On Microbial Load And Quality Parameters Of Grape Juice." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611536/index.pdf.
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Effect of high hydrostatic pressure (150-200-250 MPa) on the microbial load and quality parameters (pH, color, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural-HMF) of white (Sultaniye) and red (Alicante Bouschet) grape juices with combination of temperature (20-30-40°<br>C) and holding time (5-10-15 min) was studied. Increased pressure and temperature showed significant effect on microbial reduction in white and red grape juices (p<<br>0.05). The effect of pressure and time on pH drop was found to be insignificant (p><br>0.05). HHP resulted in E<<br>1 for white grape and E<<br>7 for red grape juice samples. Shelf life analysis for HHP treated white grape juice (200 MPa-40°<br>C-10min) and red grape juice (250 MPa-40°<br>C-10min) revealed no microbial growth up to 90 days when stored at 25°<br>C. Although HMF formation was observed in industrially manufactured, pasteurized samples (65°<br>C for 30 min), no HMF was detected in HHP treated white and red grape juices. HHP at the suggested conditions can be recommended as a better production alternative to heat treatment for white and red grape juice with respect to microbial load and studied quality parameters even at temperatures lower than required for pasteurization.
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Luna, Ãngela Maria Pita Tavares. "Evaluation of oral mucosite patients submitted to transplantation of hematopoietic trunk cells and its association with hematological and microbiological parameters." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18331.
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HSCT is the intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem cells with the purpose to recover or renew the production of blood cells and the immune function in patients with malignant hematological disorders. Oral mucositis is one of the most frequent side effects of anticancer therapy. This work aimed to evaluate the hematological and microbiological parameters, therapeutic regimen and incidence of oral mucositis (OM) in patients submitted to HSCT. The study is longitudinal, conducted from December 2014 to October 2015. We evaluated 15 patients with hematologic malignancies indicated for HSCT. Blood samples were collected for accomplishment of the serology for EBV, CMV and HSV patients; we also performed evaluation and odontological adequacy before the conditioning regimen. After performing the transplant, the patients were clinically evaluated for identification of alterations in the oral mucosa, such as mucositis and opportunistic infections and subjective evaluation of pain in the days D+3, D+6, D+9 and D+10. The most widely used drug in protocols of chemotherapy was melphalan, corresponding to 80% (n=12). When evaluating the incidence of oral amendments it was found that, from the total of the sample (n=15), 93.3% of the patients had at least one episode of OM, considering all evaluated days, being the grade I the most prevalent, 48.0% (n=36). The highest number associated with intensity of the pain was 7.0 (seven). Thirteen patients (86.7%) showed no reactive IgM levels of HSV, and in none of them were identified IgM for EBV and CMV. 93.3% (n=14) patients were positive for IgG for both EBV and CMV. Only three patients (20%) had candidiasis. As to the hematological profile, there was a significant increase in the number of patients exhibiting hematocrit below 30.0% (p <0.005), platelets menor que 50.000/mmÂ) (p = 0.011) and leukocytes (p = 0.013). However, only patients who had less than 2,000 leukocytes (p=0.044) showed OM in the D+10 (100%), being the frequency 15.9 higher in these patients. There was no association between OM with the type of basis disease, with the treatment regimen used for conditioning or with other hematological parameters evaluated. We conclude that the patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation present high incidence of episodes of OM, but no association with fungal and viral infections. OM showed strong relationship to leukopenia, being grade I the most prevalent, portraying the possible contribution of the buccal adequacy.<br>O Transplante de cÃlulas tronco hematopoiÃticas (TCTH) consiste na infusÃo intravenosa de cÃlulas progenitoras hematopoiÃticas com o objetivo de recuperar ou renovar a produÃÃo de cÃlulas sanguÃneas e a funÃÃo imune em pacientes com desordens malignas hematolÃgicas. A mucosite oral (MO) à um dos efeitos secundÃrios mais frequentes da terapia antineoplÃsica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parÃmetros hematolÃgicos, microbiolÃgicos, esquema terapÃutico e incidÃncia de MO em pacientes submetidos a TCTH. O estudo à do tipo longitudinal, realizado no perÃodo de dezembro de 2014 a outubro de 2015. Foram avaliados 15 pacientes portadores de neoplasias hematolÃgicas indicados para o TCTH. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para realizaÃÃo de hemograma completo e sorologia para VÃrus Epstein-Baar (EBV),CitomegalovÃrus (CMV) e VÃrus Herpes Simples (HSV), dos pacientes, como tambÃm realizado avaliaÃÃo odontolÃgica das doenÃas cÃrie e periodontal utilizando os Ãndices de CPO-D e Ãndice de placa visÃvel (IPV) antes do transplante. ApÃs a realizaÃÃo do transplante os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente para identificaÃÃo de alteraÃÃes da mucosa bucal, tais como mucosite e infecÃÃes oportunistas e avaliaÃÃo subjetiva de dor, nos dias D+3, D+6, D+9 e D+10. O fÃrmaco mais utilizado nos protocolos de quimioterapia foi o melfalano correspondendo a 80% (n=12). Ao se avaliar a incidÃncia das alteraÃÃes orais verificou-se que do total da amostra (n=15), 93,3% dos pacientes apresentaram pelo menos um episÃdio de MO considerando todos os dias avaliados, sendo o grau I o mais prevalente, 48,0%(n=36). Os pacientes apresentaram dor no D+3 e D+10. Treze pacientes (86,7%) nÃo apresentaram nÃveis reativos de IgM para HSV e, em nenhum deles foi identificada IgM para EBV e CMV. 93,3% (n=14) pacientes foram reagentes para IgG tanto para EBV como para CMV. Somente trÃs pacientes (20%) apresentaram candidÃase. Quanto ao perfil hematolÃgico, houve aumento significante do nÃmero de pacientes exibindo hematÃcrito abaixo de 30,0% (p<0,005), plaquetas menor que 50.000/mm (p=0,011) e leucÃcitos menor que 2.000/mm (p=0,145). No entanto, somente os pacientes que se encontravam com menos de 2.000 leucÃcitos (p=0,044) apresentaram MO no D+10 (100%), sendo a frequÃncia 15,9 maior nesses pacientes. NÃo foi encontrada associaÃÃo entre MO com o tipo da doenÃa base, com o esquema terapÃutico utilizado para o condicionamento nem com os demais parÃmetros hematolÃgicos avaliados. Conclui-se que os pacientes submetidos a transplante de cÃlulas tronco hematopoiÃticas apresentam alta incidÃncia de episÃdios de MO, porÃm sem associaÃÃo com infecÃÃes fÃngicas e virais. A MO mostrou forte relaÃÃo com a leucopenia, sendo o grau I mais prevalente, retratando a possÃvel contribuiÃÃo da adequaÃÃo bucal.
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Adamavičiūtė, Deimantė. "Pieno ir kefyro mikrobiologinių rodiklių analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060316_101049-88281.
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The aim of this work is to research milk and kefir microbiological indicators according to microbiological risk factors in the milk processing company A.
Work tasks: to analyze drinking milk, ultra high temperature pasteurized milk and kefir descriptions and factors of the risk in technological process schemes; microbiological factors of the risk control schemes; samples of these products microbiological indicators according to company’s self-control plan.
Conclusion: The main microbiological risk factors in drinking milk is total bacterial count, coliform bacteria, Salmonella; in the kefir – coliform bacteria, yeasts and moulds.
Principals control points in drinking milk, ultra high temperature pasteurized milk and kefir technological schemes are: reception of the raw cow’s milk; freezing of the raw cow’s milk, storage and keeping; pasteurization of milk and freezing, pasteurized milk compound storage and keeping; milk warming, deaeration, homogenization, sterilization and refreshing (only for ultra high temperature pasteurized milk); repeated thermal treatment, cooling up to inoculation temperature (only for kefir); inoculation and incubation (only for kefir); storage.
In the company’s A self-control plan preview principal control points microbiological risk factors are controlled by keeping a check of heating and freezing stages temperature and duration, monitoring of microbiological parameters are made not less than 4 times per year.
Coliform bacteria and total bacteria... [to full text]
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Obi, CL, MNB Momba, A. Samie, JO Igumbor, E. Green, and E. Musie. "Microbiological, physico-chemical and management parameters impinging on the efficiency of small water treatment plants in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa." Water SA, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000861.
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In the wake of the growing dependence on small water treatment plants (SWTPs) in providing quality water to rural areas and the global burden of water borne diseases, this study sought to examine the efficiency of 55 SWTPs located in rural or peri-urban areas of Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces in order to gauge the safety of water supply for human consumption. The microbiological and physical parameters of raw water, treated water and water in the distribution systems were examined using standard methods. Management issues impacting on quality of water supply were determined by use of questionnaires and focus group discussions. Results obtained showed that the pH, turbidity, temperature and conductivity of the raw water in SWTPs studied in both provinces ranged between 6.46 to 9.05 pH units, 0.19 to 8.0 NTU, 15.4oC to 31.40oC and 44.40.4 μS to 108 μS respectively. Water quality compliance at point of use (treated water) according to the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa guidelines in SWTPs studied in both provinces were 85% for faecal coliforms and 69% for total coliforms. In the distribution systems, TCCs, FCCs and HPCs were within recommended limits except for few SWTPs suggesting a possibility of inadequate treatment and this may represent post-treatment contamination and possible risk of infection from these water supply sources. Physical parameters were generally within the recommended ranges . In terms of administrative issues, some plant operators did not have adequate knowledge of the functioning of the SWTPs and most were unable to calculate chlorine dosage, determine flow rates or undertake repairs of basic equipment. Poor working conditions , frequent stock depletion of chemicals , lack of maintenance culture , lack of emergency preparedness and poor communication were also cited .
The study has revealed that the microbiological quality of raw water was very poor but that water treatment was efficient in the majority of SWTPs studied in both provinces. Regular monitoring of microbial and physico-chemical parameters of water quality served by the different SWTPs to the population is recommended to gauge their safety for human consumption. Issues such as enhanced incentives and periodic training of plant operators, improved communication and conditions of service , periodic stock inventory and entrenchment of maintenance culture may be necessary to ensure sustained and efficient water distribution systems.
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Maximo, Alessandra Cristina Niero Ferreira. "Água subterrânea da microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego Rico como fator de risco à saúde humana em propriedades rurais e urbanas no Município de Jaboticabal/SP /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94631.
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Orientador: Luiz Augusto do Amaral<br>Banca: Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior<br>Banca: Laudicéia Giacometti Lopes<br>Resumo: O município de Jaboticabal está localizado em região onde prevalece a atividade agrícola e há uma elevada utilização da água de poços tanto para consumo humano, como animal, pertencentes a Microbacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Rico. O mesmo se observa em propriedades situadas na área urbana, com água advinda de poços particulares, que abastece uma grande parcela da população. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a situação deste tipo de abastecimento alternativo no município. A avaliação foi conduzida em duas amostragens, período de seca e chuva, em 30 poços na área urbana e 30 poços da área rural. Foi pesquisada a qualidade microbiológica (Coliformes Totais, Escherichia coli, Clostrídios Sulfito Redutores e microorganismos mesófilos), bem como características físico-químicas (concentrações de cloreto, nitrato e amônia, cor aparente e pH). O método estatístico utilizado foi o teste do Qui quadrado a 1% e 5% de significância, e cálculo do Risco Relativo para padrões fora e dentro de potabilidade. Um grande número de propriedades do meio rural encontrava-se em desacordo com os padrões de potabilidade para água, durante os períodos de estiagem e chuvas, quando comparadas ao ambiente urbano. A ausência dos fatores de proteção, e tratamento da água evidenciou o alto risco que esta água oferece para consumo, bem como a má qualidade higiênico-sanitária da mesma, e a provável fonte de ocorrência e perpetuação de doenças de veiculação hídrica. Pretendeu-se com isso, obter subsídios para futuras ações corretivas e preventivas para preservação da saúde humana, e dos recursos hídricos locais.<br>Abstract: The city of Jaboticabal is located in region where it takes advantage the agricultural activity and it has one in such a way raised use of the water of wells for human consumption, as animal, pertaining at Córrego Rico watershed. The same it is observed in situated properties in the urban area, with water of particular wells, that supplies a great parcel of the population. The present study will have as objective to evaluate the situation of this type of alternative supplying in the city. The evaluation was lead in two samplings, period of drought and rain, in 30 wells in the urban area and 30 wells of the agricultural area. The microbiological quality was searched (mesophylic microrganism, Total Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium sulfite reducing), as well as characteristics physicist-chemistries (concentrations of chloride, nitrate and ammonia, apparent color and pH). The used statistical method was the test of the squared Qui 1% and 5% of significance, and calculation of the Relative Risk for standards and inside of potability. A great number of properties of the agricultural way met in disagreement with the standards of potability for water, during the periods of drought and rains, when compared with the urban environment. The absence of the protection factors, and treatment of the water evidenced the high risk that this water offers for consumption, harm sanitary hygienical quality of the same one, and probable source of occurrence and perpetuation of wet illnesses propagation. It was intended with this, to get subsidies for future corrective and preventive actions for preservation of the health human being, and the local wet resources.<br>Mestre
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Maximo, Alessandra Cristina Niero Ferreira [UNESP]. "Água subterrânea da microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego Rico como fator de risco à saúde humana em propriedades rurais e urbanas no Município de Jaboticabal/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94631.
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maximo_acnf_me_jabo.pdf: 434278 bytes, checksum: c50398cf816f21d982ccdedf7da5818f (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>O município de Jaboticabal está localizado em região onde prevalece a atividade agrícola e há uma elevada utilização da água de poços tanto para consumo humano, como animal, pertencentes a Microbacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Rico. O mesmo se observa em propriedades situadas na área urbana, com água advinda de poços particulares, que abastece uma grande parcela da população. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a situação deste tipo de abastecimento alternativo no município. A avaliação foi conduzida em duas amostragens, período de seca e chuva, em 30 poços na área urbana e 30 poços da área rural. Foi pesquisada a qualidade microbiológica (Coliformes Totais, Escherichia coli, Clostrídios Sulfito Redutores e microorganismos mesófilos), bem como características físico-químicas (concentrações de cloreto, nitrato e amônia, cor aparente e pH). O método estatístico utilizado foi o teste do Qui quadrado a 1% e 5% de significância, e cálculo do Risco Relativo para padrões fora e dentro de potabilidade. Um grande número de propriedades do meio rural encontrava-se em desacordo com os padrões de potabilidade para água, durante os períodos de estiagem e chuvas, quando comparadas ao ambiente urbano. A ausência dos fatores de proteção, e tratamento da água evidenciou o alto risco que esta água oferece para consumo, bem como a má qualidade higiênico-sanitária da mesma, e a provável fonte de ocorrência e perpetuação de doenças de veiculação hídrica. Pretendeu-se com isso, obter subsídios para futuras ações corretivas e preventivas para preservação da saúde humana, e dos recursos hídricos locais.<br>The city of Jaboticabal is located in region where it takes advantage the agricultural activity and it has one in such a way raised use of the water of wells for human consumption, as animal, pertaining at Córrego Rico watershed. The same it is observed in situated properties in the urban area, with water of particular wells, that supplies a great parcel of the population. The present study will have as objective to evaluate the situation of this type of alternative supplying in the city. The evaluation was lead in two samplings, period of drought and rain, in 30 wells in the urban area and 30 wells of the agricultural area. The microbiological quality was searched (mesophylic microrganism, Total Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium sulfite reducing), as well as characteristics physicist-chemistries (concentrations of chloride, nitrate and ammonia, apparent color and pH). The used statistical method was the test of the squared Qui 1% and 5% of significance, and calculation of the Relative Risk for standards and inside of potability. A great number of properties of the agricultural way met in disagreement with the standards of potability for water, during the periods of drought and rains, when compared with the urban environment. The absence of the protection factors, and treatment of the water evidenced the high risk that this water offers for consumption, harm sanitary hygienical quality of the same one, and probable source of occurrence and perpetuation of wet illnesses propagation. It was intended with this, to get subsidies for future corrective and preventive actions for preservation of the health human being, and the local wet resources.
Book chapters on the topic "Microbiological and toxicological parameters"
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Maiti, Subodh Kumar. "Soil Microbiological Parameters." In Ecorestoration of the coalmine degraded lands. Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0851-8_21.
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Spellman, Frank R. "Microbiological drinking water parameters." In The Drinking Water Handbook. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159126-6.
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Harvey, Steven P., Timothy A. Blades, Linda L. Szafraniec, et al. "Kinetic and Toxicological Parameters of ‘Mustard’ (HD) Hydrolysis and Biodegradation." In Arsenic and Old Mustard: Chemical Problems in the Destruction of Old Arsenical and ‘Mustard’ Munitions. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9115-7_7.
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Umar, Huzaifa, Mubarak Auwal, Zubaida Said Amin, Maryam Rabiu Aliyu, and Dilber Uzun Ozsahin. "Groundwater Quality Assessment Based on Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters Using Advanced Artificial Intelligence Models." In Environmental Earth Sciences. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65960-7_17.
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Truu, J., T. Nõges, K. Künnis, and M. Truu. "Incorporation of spatial structure into the analysis of relationships between environment and marine microbiological parameters." In Eutrophication in Planktonic Ecosystems: Food Web Dynamics and Elemental Cycling. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1493-8_23.
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Dedić, Samira, Huska Jukić, Miloš Rodić, Zlatko Jusufhodžić, and Aida Džaferović. "Evaluation of Microbiological Parameters of Drinking Water from the Dobrenica Water Supply System in Ostrožac na Uni." In 30th Scientific-Experts Conference of Agriculture and Food Industry. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40049-1_36.
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Agnihotri, Richa, Aketi Ramesh, Shardendhu Singh, and Mahaveer P. Sharma. "Impact of Agricultural Management Practices on Mycorrhizal Functioning and Soil Microbiological Parameters Under Soybean-Based Cropping Systems." In Adaptive Soil Management : From Theory to Practices. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3638-5_15.
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Sergina, Yu A., A. D. Zhandalgarova, A. A. Bakhareva, Yu N. Grozesku, Yu V. Fedorovykh, and A. N. Nevalennyi. "The Effect of Modern Probiotic Preparations on Enterosorbents on the Piscicultural and Microbiological Parameters of Sturgeon Fish." In Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08284-9_2.
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Locuratolo, Giuseppe, Elvira Armenio, Enrico Barbone, Cosimo Gaspare Giannuzzi, Antonietta Porfido, and Nicola Ungaro. "Modeling of flow patterns and microbiological parameters for hazard assessment of bathing waters affected by combined sewer overflows." In Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques. Firenze University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.80.
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ARPA Puglia carried out a numerical study to simulate the evolution of the turbidity plume geometry and to describe the bacterial dispersion caused by the discharge of a mixture of raw sewage and surface runoff from the so called condotta Matteotti into the marine-coastal waterbody close to the urban beach (bathing area) called “Pane e Pomodoro”. The condotta Matteotti is an underground concrete pipe connected with a spillway to the main sewer system: it acts as an emergency weir to prevent flooding during or soon after intense rainfall events. During these rainfalls the seaward sluice gates open, and the untreated sewage is discharged into the sea thus decreasing the water quality. The simulation, according to a heavy rainfall and overflow event occurred in July 2018, was implemented using the DHI's Mike 3 suite enhanced with the ECOlab module, both organized as step-by-step processes. The validation of the final model was performed by comparing the microbiological concentration resulted from the model application with the on-field measurements and samples collected by ARPA Puglia during its ordinary water monitoring activities.
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Ouarrak, Khadija, Addelkader Chahlaoui, Imane Taha, Aziz Taouraout, and Adel Kharroubi. "Seasonal Variations of the Microbiological Parameters of the Quality of Water in Urban Oued Bouishak of the City of Meknes (Morocco)." In Innovations in Smart Cities Applications Edition 3. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37629-1_88.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Microbiological and toxicological parameters"
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Jain, Luke, Chase Williamson, Shaily M. Bhola, et al. "Microbiological and Electrochemical Evaluation of Corrosion and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Steel in Ethanol Fuel Environments." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10070.
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Abstract An investigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of steels used for the storage and transportation of ethanol fuels is underway. MIC could occur in local areas of these systems when conditions suitable for life are present, such as during periods of stagnation or during system upsets. The current study is aimed at evaluating the propensity for MIC under these non-ideal conditions. Efforts to date have included field sampling of ethanol fuel storage and transportation infrastructure for chemical and biological evaluation, microbiological viability and corrosion studies, and electrochemical evaluation of corrosion parameters for simulated fuel grade ethanol (SFGE). Field sampling has provided insight on the microbial diversity in existing ethanol conveyance systems. Laboratory investigations have evaluated microbiological viability in high ethanol environments as well as the influence of microbiological activity on corrosion of steel in these environments. Electrochemical analysis and assessment has characterized the behavior of ethanol, water, and oxygen on corrosion of steel. Results suggest further evaluation of the propensity for MIC in under these situations is required.
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Ivanov, Alexander, and Maria Ivanova. "ONLINE SERVICES FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT MONITORING." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/2.1/s08.18.
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Urban meteorological parameters and traffic emissions are characterized by microterritorial variability. Online weather and traffic information is the basis for creating online services to provide users with information about the toxicological risk, noise effects and thermal stress risk. The purpose of this work is to assess the possibilities of online environmental modeling. The methodology includes special field studies to select model parameters, developing models for online calculations of noise levels, concentrations of pollutants from traffic flows and microterritorial changes in temperature and wind speed, as well as tools for providing processing and storage of information. As a result, it was found that the concentration of nitrogen and carbon oxides in the roadside zone reaches maximum permissible values, which corresponds to the modeling results. The noise level exceeds 70 dBA and also corresponds to the simulation results. The effective temperature mitigation inside closed-canopy green areas compared to open space is several Celsius degrees and provides protection from thermal stress in accordance with the proposed model. The result of the work is the development of a test version of three services, including calculation of the concentration of pollutants during traffic congestion; calculation of the noise level produced by intensive traffic flow and calculation of the effective temperature during thermal stress for the hottest summertime. It is during thickening of traffic flows that the highest concentrations of pollutants are observed and at this time the risks of toxicological and noise effects are significant. The research conditions correspond in time and space to the highest level of local environmental risk. To perform online calculations, in addition to the parameters obtained during field studies, real-time information about the weather and traffic flow speed is required. The online services can be used both for users to make immediate decisions and for city policies to reduce emissions risks and to create urban green islands of thermal safety with a closed canopy that protects during extreme heat
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Eckert, Richard B., Christopher Kagarise, Susmitha Purnima Kotu, Kathy Buckingham, and Torben Lund Skovhus. "Using Failure Analysis to Optimize Corrosion Mitigation Costs." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16208.
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Abstract Failure analysis and root cause analysis (RCA) of corroded pipelines and piping system components can provide operators with valuable information to help prevent future failures while optimizing mitigation costs. If a corroded pipe sample is not handled or preserved properly because of inadequate planning, the ability to diagnose the corrosion mechanism(s) is lost. Using some basic steps for preparation and investigation, operators can determine the applicable corrosion mechanism(s) causing the corrosion and implement or adjust the measures taken to mitigate the corrosion. Collecting multiple lines of evidence about chemical and microbiological conditions, corrosion products, and operating parameters is essential. Further, with the increasing use of molecular microbiological methods (MMM), the role of microorganisms can be determined with greater certainty than has been possible in the past. Targeting mitigation measures to only the applicable corrosion mechanism(s) can support mitigation cost optimization, such as by applying only the correct chemical treatments rather than an all-encompassing “security blanket” approach.
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Farkas, J. P., and A. L. Smith. "The Use of Microorganism Characterization for Solving Biological Problems in Industrial Water Systems." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91201.
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Abstract This paper discusses a unique technique using gas chromatography to characterize microorganisms by profiling the organism-specific sequence of fatty acids. By establishing a computer database of these profiles, the microbial population of an industrial water system can be characterized. Possible shifts in the population can be correlated with changes in system operating parameters. Along with a brief description of the characterization method, two case histories will be presented reviewing the use of this technique for solving complex and persistent microbiological problems in industrial water systems.
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Tabatadze, M., L. Shavliashvili, G. Kuchava, E. Shubladze, and E. Elizbarashvili. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF HYDROCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE RACHA-LECHKHUMI AND KVEMO SVANETI REGIONS NATURAL WATERS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s11.14.
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Water resource protection is significant for Georgia since the intensity of anthropogenic impact on the Georgian ecosystem has been substantially increased over the recent period, at the same time, several diseases with high risk for population life have been considerably increased, as well. The work provides the physical-chemical and hydrochemical characteristics of rivers, artesian and spring waters available at the territories adjacent to the arsenic processing enterprises in the region for 2021-2024. pH, electric conductivity, biogenic substances, principal ions, mineralisation, total arsenic form, and microbiological parameters have been determined in the water samples taken. Statistical characteristics were calculated, including the average value, absolute maximum and minimum, and standard deviation - for some indicators of hydrochemical analysis of natural waters. In some cases, an exceedance of some polluting ingredients of natural waters over maximum allowable concentrations has been observed. River waters have a low arsenic hazard index (HQsw less than 1) and are not at risk. In some artesian and drinking waters, the arsenic hazard index (HQdw>1) is at risk. The correlation coefficient between the concentrations of cations and anions in the rivers was calculated using the Pearson formula. Positive and negative correlations are established. Created linear regression equations for pairs of statistically significant correlation coefficients and calculated coefficients of determination for use in practical calculations.
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Grigorova-Pesheva, Bilyana, Boyka Malcheva, and Biser Hristov. "SEASONAL DYNAMICS IN THE MICROBIOLOGICAL STATUS OF FOREST SOILS FROM THE TERRITORY OF VITOSHA NATURE PARK." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s13.35.
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The health, richness, and variety of microbial life in soil represent basic indicators for the evaluation and surveillance of forest ecosystem vitality. The vital role these microorganisms occupy in forest ecosystems underscores the necessity to in-depth assess and monitor their populations within soil habitats. Aiming to deepen our comprehension of microbial communities across different soils and soils horizons, we conducted an investigation of 22 soil profiles situated within the territory of Vitosha Nature Park. The investigation was carried out in one year period. We took samples from each of the studied soils during each of the seasons - spring, summer, autumn and winter. The following soil parameters were evaluated - pH, total nitrogen and humus for each soil horizon. From the microbiological indicators, the amounts of the main microbiological groups (non-spore-forming bacteria, bacilli, microscopic fungi and actinomycetes) were analyzed. Based on these data, the biogenicity of the soil was determined, as well as the percentage participation of individual groups compared to the total microbial number. Two clear peaks in the biogenicity of the studied soils were found - in spring and autumn. The dynamics of microorganisms in relation to change in altitude was reported. There is a correlation between the pH of the medium and the amount of microscopic fungi. Soils under broad-leaved vegetation stand out with higher biogenicity than soils under coniferous vegetation, in all seasons except winter.
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Gatlan, Anca-Mihaela, Amelia Buculei, Mircea-Adrian Oroian, Sorina Ropciuc, and Vasile-Florin Ursachi. "WATER RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY MONITORING: A CASE STUDY OF SUCEAVA COUNTY'S DRINKING WATER SYSTEM." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s11.22.
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Resource efficiency is an important aspect in the efforts to support and evolve economic development, while maintaining all natural systems unaffected. However, resource efficiency cannot guarantee the perpetual use of existing water resources. Water resource efficiency policy must be based on an awareness of the number of resources that can be used, but also the impact of activities on the environment and how it is affected. Developing and increasing the number of consumers. Options for water sources used for drinking water and irrigation will continue to evolve, with a growing dependence on groundwater and alternative sources, including wastewater. This study aims to monitor the quality of water distributed to consumers from Suceava county. The physico-chemical and microbiological analysis of the drinking water in the city was carried out in several strategic points, covering the entire distribution network. Samples were taken both from the catchment wells area and from the storage/storage tanks for drinking water and were analyzed. Physical-chemical parameters (pH, turbidity, conductivity, oxidability, oxidation, etc, free residual chlorine, nitrates, nitrites and ammonium, hardness and in the case of the water station was also performed iron analysis) and microbiological (total number of aerobic mesophilic germs and number of coliform bacteria). The analysis points were chosen according to the way of distribution of water in the city, taking into account its route (7 different points). The day of the week, the time interval, the volume of water consumed, and the number of accidental damages occurred on the distribution network are the factors that influence the values of the analyzed parameters. During the study, there were no exceedances of the maximum concentration allowed by national legislation, for none of the analyzed parameters.
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Milici, Kevin, and Gary Geiger. "Cooling System Automation and Process Control: the Next Technology Wave." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11387.
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Abstract Industrial cooling water systems are key enablers of unit processes. Maximizing cooling system performance serves to realize primary business goals such as production throughput and yield, energy and water conservation, capital asset preservation, environmental compliance and the protection of human health. The management of corrosion is inextricably linked to successful control of scale and deposits, as well as microbiological activity. Throughout the past 30 years, industry has benefited from a steady progression of developments technological advancements in the automation and control of critical water system parameters. Today, measurement of all three crucial elements of effective cooling water treatment (i.e. corrosion, deposition and microbiological activity) is possible with a single instrument platform that is reliable and cost-effective. In addition, that same platform is capable of controlling critical variables for corrosion and deposit control that takes full advantage of these new measurement capabilities. This paper discusses the most recent and complimentary developments in automation and process control technologies, in both on-line and off-line modes, and the convergence of their development with the changing needs and challenges of operators of industrial cooling water systems. Case reviews of real-world field applications of on-line technologies in practical, every-day situations also are presented.
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Stuart, C. M., M. K. Kaufmann, and E. R. Brundage. "Practical Experience with Advanced On-Line Monitoring Techniques." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90360.
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Abstract Industrial water systems require chemical treatment to minimize corrosion, scale, fouling, and microbiological growth. Traditionally, a total program approach to cooling water problems required that all aspects of corrosion, microbiological, fouling and scaling control be considered when selecting a chemical treatment program. Once properly selected, these chemical treatment programs are designed to give good results as long as the operating parameters of the system are maintained within certain specified limits. Many of the current programs for scale and corrosion control require more stringent control for proper operation. Total program approach today means, not only assuring that the chemical treatment program selected is complete and correct, but also to make certain that the treatment chemicals themselves are properly controlled within their specified limits. Lastly, total program approach means assuring that representative monitoring equipment is installed to follow the performance of the program. The purpose of this paper is to look at the control and monitoring area of total program approach to cooling water treatment. The introduction stresses the importance of treatment, then builds the case for control and the case for monitoring. An outline of the types of control and monitoring strategies available follows. The monitoring/control schemes discussed range from simple pH control to advanced simulation equipment. A case history accompanies the description of each type of control system where the control strategy was used to improve results.
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Nalepa, C. J., J. N. Howarth, and F. D. Azarnia. "Factors to Consider When Applying Oxidizing Biocides in the Field." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02223.
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Abstract Legionella pneumophila, the organism responsible for Legionnaires’ disease, is an ongoing health concern in recreational, industrial, and potable water systems. For example, Legionnaires’ disease outbreaks continue to be associated with hot tubs and spas, cooling towers, and potable hot water systems. Oxidizing biocides based on chlorine, bromine, and other chemistries are recognized as effective microbiological control agents. Many organizations within the last several years have issued standards that recommend the use of oxidizing biocides for minimizing the risk associated with such outbreaks. Although oxidizing biocides can be effective when applied properly, use of them alone cannot be construed as a guaranty of successful microbiological control. Indeed, many factors can adversely impact the performance of oxidizing biocides - the type of make-up water, system impurities, ancillary corrosion and deposit control agents, system metallurgy, system design, operational parameters, sunlight exposure, maintenance practices, etc. Some of these factors are within the control of the water treatment professional; others are not. One thing clear is that biocides must be stored and applied properly in order to achieve the optimum effect. The purpose of this paper is to discuss factors which influence the proper handling and application of oxidizing biocides in building water systems. Some of the factors discussed will include handling characteristics, reactions with common system impurities, compatibility with phosphonates, compatibility with biodispersants, long-term storage stability, and UV stability.
Reports on the topic "Microbiological and toxicological parameters"
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Alarcón, Marco, Tatiana Amagua, Donald Morales, and Ana Lucia Seminario. EFFECT OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENT IN HIV+ PATIENS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0032.
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Review question / Objective: The objective of our study is to evaluate whether periodontal treatment influences clinical outcomes and immunological conditions in HIV+ patients. (P) Participants: VIH+ patients. (I) Interventions: Surgical treatment, photodynamic therapy, antimicrobials, others. (C) Comparison: Non-surgical treatment. (O) Outcome measures: - Periodontal outcomes: plaque scores, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket Depth, clinical attachment levels; - VIH outcomes: -Count CD4+; -Microbiological analysis. Condition being studied: Our study will analyze the effect of periodontal treatment in HIV+ patients and will evaluate changes in periodontal, immunological and microbiological parameters.
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Birk, Steffen, Christian Griebler, Johannes C. Haas, et al. Impact of extreme hydrological events on the quantity and quality of groundwater in alpine regions – multiple-index application for an integrative hydrogeo-ecological assessment. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ess-integrative-groundwater-assessment.
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Freshwater ecosystems in mountain areas are considered important water resources and biodiversity hotspots that are highly sensitive to changes in climate. The Alpine region is known to be particularly affected by climate change, including changes in hydrological extremes such as droughts and floods, which are expected to become more frequent and intense. Despite the importance of groundwater as a primary water resource, climate change impacts on groundwater quality, including those resulting from hydrological extremes, have been rarely addressed to date. Moreover, groundwater monitoring is currently focused on physical-chemical indicators, whereas groundwater ecological features such as biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are hardly considered. Against this background, this project addressed the following overarching research question: How do groundwater systems in an alpine and prealpine environment respond to extreme hydrological events in terms of water quantity and chemical quality as well as ecological status? To address this question, the valley of the river Mur from its alpine source area at 2000 m a.s.l. to the Austrian–Slovenian border at 200 m a.s.l. was considered. Thus, the investigation area included alpine and prealpine areas, different type of hydrogeological settings and different human impacts. Existing long-term data was complemented by high-resolution monitoring over time and sampling campaigns addressing wastewater-borne micro-pollutants, microbiological parameters, and groundwater fauna. Our results demonstrate a deterioration of water quality from the alpine source area towards the foreland, corresponding to the more intense agricultural and urban land use in the foreland. The vulnerability of groundwater systems to hydrological extremes is closely related to linkages between water quantity and water quality, which are found to be determined by the groundwater recharge mechanisms and their spatiotemporal dynamics. To achieve a more holistic assessment of groundwater systems, we recommend that their ecosystem nature is taken into account by microbiological indicators that complement existing hydrological and hydrochemical indices. The B-A-(E) index is proposed for this purpose but needs further development by transciplinary research involving local experts and stakeholders to define appropriate reference conditions that enable classifications into meaningful water-quality categories.
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Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia, Working Group on. Report on Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia. Food Standards Agency, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ozk974.
Full textAbstract:
In 1992 a working group of the UK Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food presented a report on Vacuum Packaging and Associated Processes regarding the microbiological safety of chilled foods. The report supported subsequent guidance provided by the UK Food Standards Agency for the safe manufacture of vacuum packed and modified atmosphere packed chilled foods. In 2021 the ACMSF requested that a new subgroup should update and build on the 1992 report as well as considering, in addition to chilled foods, some foods that are intended to be stored at ambient temperatures. The new subgroup agreed a scope that includes the conditions that support growth and/or neurotoxin formation by C. botulinum, and other clostridia, as well as identification of limiting conditions that provide control. Other foodborne pathogens that need to be considered separately and some foods including raw beef, pork and lamb were explicitly excluded. The subgroup considered the taxonomy, detection, epidemiology, occurrence, growth, survival and risks associated with C. botulinum and other neurotoxin-forming clostridia. There has been no significant change in the nature of foodborne botulism in recent decades except for the identification of rare cases caused by neurotoxigenic C. butyricum, C. baratii and C. sporogenes. Currently evidence indicates that non-clostridia do not pose a risk in relation to foodborne botulism. The subgroup has compiled lists of incidents and outbreaks of botulism, reported in the UK and worldwide, and have reviewed published information concerning growth parameters and control factors in relation to proteolytic C. botulinum, non-proteolytic C. botulinum and the other neurotoxigenic clostridia. The subgroup concluded that the frequency of occurrence of foodborne botulism is very low (very rare but cannot be excluded) with high severity (severe illness: causing life threatening or substantial sequelae or long-term illness). Uncertainty associated with the assessment of the frequency of occurrence, and with the assessment of severity, of foodborne botulism is low (solid and complete data; strong evidence in multiple sources). The vast majority of reported botulism outbreaks, for chilled or ambient stored foods, are identified with proteolytic C. botulinum and temperature abuse is the single most common cause. In the last 30 years, in the UK and worldwide where a cause can be identified, there is evidence that known controls, combined with the correct storage, would have prevented the reported incidents of foodborne botulism. The subgroup recommends that foods should continue to be formulated to control C. botulinum, and other botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia, in accordance with the known factors. With regard to these controls, the subgroup recommends some changes to the FSA guidelines that reflect improved information about using combinations of controls, the z-value used to establish equivalent thermal processes and the variable efficacy associated with some controls such as herbs and spices. Current information does not facilitate revision of the current reference process, heating at 90°C for 10 minutes, but there is strong evidence that this provides a lethality that exceeds the target 6 order of magnitude reduction in population size that is widely attributed to the process and the subgroup includes a recommendation that the FSA considers this issue. Early detection and connection of cases and rapid, effective coordinated responses to very rare incidents are identified as crucial elements for reducing risks from foodborne botulism. The subgroup recommends that the FSA works closely with other agencies to establish clear and validated preparedness in relation to potential major incidents of foodborne botulism in the UK.
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Holland, Darren, and Nazmina Mahmoudzadeh. Foodborne Disease Estimates for the United Kingdom in 2018. Food Standards Agency, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.squ824.
Full textAbstract:
In February 2020 the FSA published two reports which produced new estimates of foodborne norovirus cases. These were the ‘Norovirus Attribution Study’ (NoVAS study) (O’Brien et al., 2020) and the accompanying internal FSA technical review ‘Technical Report: Review of Quantitative Risk Assessment of foodborne norovirus transmission’ (NoVAS model review), (Food Standards Agency, 2020). The NoVAS study produced a Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment model (QMRA) to estimate foodborne norovirus. The NoVAS model review considered the impact of using alternative assumptions and other data sources on these estimates. From these two pieces of work, a revised estimate of foodborne norovirus was produced. The FSA has therefore updated its estimates of annual foodborne disease to include these new results and also to take account of more recent data related to other pathogens. The estimates produced include: •Estimates of GP presentations and hospital admissions for foodbornenorovirus based on the new estimates of cases. The NoVAS study onlyproduced estimates for cases. •Estimates of foodborne cases, GP presentations and hospital admissions for12 other pathogens •Estimates of unattributed cases of foodborne disease •Estimates of total foodborne disease from all pathogens Previous estimates An FSA funded research project ‘The second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community’, published in 2012 and referred to as the IID2 study (Tam et al., 2012), estimated that there were 17 million cases of infectious intestinal disease (IID) in 2009. These include illness caused by all sources, not just food. Of these 17 million cases, around 40% (around 7 million) could be attributed to 13 known pathogens. These pathogens included norovirus. The remaining 60% of cases (equivalent to 10 million cases) were unattributed cases. These are cases where the causal pathogen is unknown. Reasons for this include the causal pathogen was not tested for, the test was not sensitive enough to detect the causal pathogen or the pathogen is unknown to science. A second project ‘Costed extension to the second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community’, published in 2014 and known as IID2 extension (Tam, Larose and O’Brien, 2014), estimated that there were 566,000 cases of foodborne disease per year caused by the same 13 known pathogens. Although a proportion of the unattributed cases would also be due to food, no estimate was provided for this in the IID2 extension. New estimates We estimate that there were 2.4 million cases of foodborne disease in the UK in 2018 (95% credible intervals 1.8 million to 3.1 million), with 222,000 GP presentations (95% Cred. Int. 150,000 to 322,000) and 16,400 hospital admissions (95% Cred. Int. 11,200 to 26,000). Of the estimated 2.4 million cases, 0.9 million (95% Cred. Int. 0.7 million to 1.2 million) were from the 13 known pathogens included in the IID2 extension and 1.4 million1 (95% Cred. Int. 1.0 million to 2.0 million) for unattributed cases. Norovirus was the pathogen with the largest estimate with 383,000 cases a year. However, this estimate is within the 95% credible interval for Campylobacter of 127,000 to 571,000. The pathogen with the next highest number of cases was Clostridium perfringens with 85,000 (95% Cred. Int. 32,000 to 225,000). While the methodology used in the NoVAS study does not lend itself to producing credible intervals for cases of norovirus, this does not mean that there is no uncertainty in these estimates. There were a number of parameters used in the NoVAS study which, while based on the best science currently available, were acknowledged to have uncertain values. Sensitivity analysis undertaken as part of the study showed that changes to the values of these parameters could make big differences to the overall estimates. Campylobacter was estimated to have the most GP presentations with 43,000 (95% Cred. Int. 19,000 to 76,000) followed by norovirus with 17,000 (95% Cred. Int. 11,000 to 26,000) and Clostridium perfringens with 13,000 (95% Cred. Int. 6,000 to 29,000). For hospital admissions Campylobacter was estimated to have 3,500 (95% Cred. Int. 1,400 to 7,600), followed by norovirus 2,200 (95% Cred. Int. 1,500 to 3,100) and Salmonella with 2,100 admissions (95% Cred. Int. 400 to 9,900). As many of these credible intervals overlap, any ranking needs to be undertaken with caution. While the estimates provided in this report are for 2018 the methodology described can be applied to future years.