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1
Goelzer, Daniela, Sara Helena Raupp Gomes, and Daiane Berlese. "Physical, chemical and toxicological analysis of samples of Arroyo Aschmidt points in Campo Bom, Rio Grande do Sul." Concilium 23, no. 16 (2023): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/conj-1808-m26.
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The availability of some organic and inorganic nutrients and certain microbiological agents in water indicate the level of quality in which it is found, being a fundamental indicator for the monitoring of life in aquatic environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the Arroyo Schmidt waters, in the city of Campo Bom, through physical, chemical and toxicological analyzes. The studied parameters were conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, apparent color, pH, turbidity, fecal and total coliforms and toxicological analyzes.
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Pantoja, Danielle Nazaré Salgado Mamede, Hebe Morganne Campos Ribeiro, Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola, Gysele Maria Morais Costa, Ronaldo Magno Rocha, and Washington Aleksander Savaris dos Santos. "Spatial Characterization of Water quality for human consumption from well in the county of Barcarena - PA." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 8 (2022): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.98.42.
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The exploitation of groundwater in the world assumes an important role due to its low cost, but this facility makes it more vulnerable to contamination. In this context, this study characterized the physical-chemical, toxicological and microbiological aspects of 165 samples of water for human consumption from wells from different sources of supply in the county of Barcarena-PA, which is divided into two regions: Barcarena headquarters and Industrial, in the period from 2017 to 2019. A water quality index was prepared to assess the water quality standard. Total Coliform bacteria were detected in 43.64% and E. coli in 15.76% of the water samples, most of which were untreated. Considering the physical-chemical and toxicological parameters, some, such as pH and aluminum, presented average values in disagreement with Brazilian legislation. Thus, a heterogeneity of contamination was observed in the Headquarters and Industrial regions, where the first presented alteration in the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters and the second, greater amount of metals and lower pH values. As for the index, only three categories of water quality were evidenced in the municipality:
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Yakubchak, O., N. Tyshkivskaya, and M. Tyshkivsky. "Toxicity, microbiological parameters and amino acid composition of the organic feed additive Grinat." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 1(173) (June 24, 2022): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-110-119.
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Recently, the problem of increasing the productivity of farm animals is one of the most important for veterinary medicine. Since the animals “programmed” for maximum productivity by selection turned out to be excessively exposed to anthropogenic and biological negative factors, the result of this is a decrease in their productivity. Conducted toxicological, microbiological, mycological and chromatographic studies of the organic feed additive ˮGreenat“, which includes humic acids. It is promising to study the possibility of using preparations containing humic substances to increase the productivity of farm animals and poultry, to enhance the general nonspecific resistance of the body. Given that peat is the raw material for the manufacture of the additive, toxicity, mycological and microbiological indicators are extremely important. Toxicological studies (bioassays on rabbits and Colpoda steinii culture) proved the absence of toxic substances, as evidenced by the activity of the colpoda infusoria for 10 minutes and 3 hours of the study, and the absence of hyperemia and inflammation on the skin of the rabbit. The number of mold fungi does not exceed the allowable limits of 1.5x102 CFU/g (according to the norm 5.0x104), qualitative studies revealed and identified by mass spectrometry the mold fungi A. alternata; C. cladosporioides, which belong to saprophytes and get into the organic feed additive "Grinat" from the remains of plants during their decomposition. Microscopic fungi Alternaria spp. participate in the decomposition and mineralization of plant residues due to the polygalacturonase enzyme complex, which allows them to attach themselves and exist in various conditions. Cladosporium spp. found outdoors and indoors, in degraded organic debris, produce secondary metabolites such as antibiotics that are inhibitors of B. subtilis, E. coli, and C. albicans. Microbiologically, Maldi Tof mass spectrometry detected Bacillus megaterium, which belongs to soil bacteria, and Staphylococcus hominis, found as a harmless commensal on the skin of humans and animals. Chromatographically confirmed the presence of essential amino acids: leucine (0.120%), valine (0.089%), threonine (0.064%), phenylalanine (0.039%), isoleucine (0.024%), histidine (0.021), methionine (0.011%), lysine (0.05%), tryptophan (0.007%). Accordingly, conditionally replaceable and non-essential amino acids, which can help to avoid a shortage of feed components in animal diets. Key words: Greenate, Colpoda steinii, general toxicity, amino acids, molds, Maldi Tof, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus hominis, A. alternata, C. cladosporioides.
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RANTOS (Σ. ΡΑΝΤΟΣ), S., L. PANTOULAS (Λ. ΠΑΝΤΟΥΛΑΣ), I. SARAKATSIANOS (Ι. ΣΑΡΑΚΑΤΣΙΑΝΟΣ), G. ROZOS (Γ. ΡΟΖΟΣ), and N. PAPAIOANNOU (Ν. ΠAΠΑΪΩΑNNOΥ). "Microbiological, histological, technological, and toxicological preliminary study of dog's canned food." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 49, no. 2 (2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15756.
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During this study canned food for dogs of six firms were investigated (42 samples totally). Microbiologically the following parameters were checked: the commercial sterility, the water activity (aw), the pH, the presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria after incubation of tins in 25 ° C for 28 days, 32 ° C for 21 days and 55 ' C for 8 days. Histologically, the existence of different kinds of tissues was examined. Technologically Weende's analysis and separation of the tin's content were made. Toxicologically, the concentration of lead and cadmium were countered. The results showed that dog's canned food, in Greece, are supersterillised. Muscular, adipose and connective tissue are used for their production as well as byproducts and soya proteins by some firms. The results of Weende's analysis are in full agreement with the amount of nutriments that they were written on tins' labels.
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Nataliya, Grynchenko, Tishchenko Olga, Grynchenko Olga, and Pyvovarov Pavel. "INVESTIGATION OF SAFETY AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF GRANULATED FILLERS." EUREKA: Life Sciences 2 (March 31, 2020): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001208.
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Within the conducted studies there were highlighted urgent questions of introducing the management system of quality and safety of food products. Quality and safety parameters that determine the notion of food product quality have been established by analyzing the normative and legislative base. There were studied quality parameters of granulated fillers that are structured systems of the ball-like form with diameter (3…7)·10<sup>-3</sup> m and are characterized with a plastic, a bit crumbling consistence. Granules may be used as fillers for milk and sour-milk products, cheeses, ice-cream, dessert products, confectionary ones, beverages, salads, culinary floury products. The organoleptic quality evaluation of the products was realized by the descriptive (qualitative) method and by the profile analysis one (quantitative). Each organoleptic parameter (consistence, taste, smell and so on) is presented as a totality of components (descriptors), evaluated by quality, intensity and manifestation order. A characteristic of organoleptic parameters with intensity scales of separate signs is presented as profile diagrams. The complex organoleptic index that is 4.89…4.95 points has been determined. Basic physical-chemical properties of the new products were studied. It has been determined, that the content of main nutritive substances in the composition of fillers is: proteins 3.4…7.2 %, lipids – 2.5…6.5 %, total carbohydrates 7.8…13.2 %, mineral substances 0.25…1.12 %, that allow to pose fillers as products with the high food value. Safety parameters of the granulated fillers were studied – microbiological and toxicological ones, and also the content of mycotoxins and antibiotics. It has been proved, that the new products fully correspond to established norms by these parameters. The study of microbiological indices of the new products has proved the content of viable lactate bacteria in the fillers in amount 3·10<sup>8</sup>…1·10<sup>7</sup> CFU in 1 g of a product and the absence of the pathogenic and conventionally pathogenic microflora. The expert evaluation of safety of the granulated fillers as to the content of food supplements in their composition allows to make a conclusion about the correspondence of the developed products to international legislative requirements. It has been proved, that the storage term of new products is 90 days at temperature 1…6 °С and relative air humidity no more 75 %.
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Voronina, E. A., S. A. Dyakova, O. V. Popova, and E. S. Popova. "Comprehensive condition assessment of the black-backed sea shad (<i>Alosa kessleri</i>, Grimm, 1887) in the Lower Volga." Russian Journal of Parasitology 17, no. 3 (2023): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-3-340-351.
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The purpose of the research is to assess the condition of the black-backed sea shad (Alosa kessleri, Grimm, 1887) in the Lower Volga according to parasitological, microbiological, toxicological, and biochemical parameters, and to determine the correlation between the above during the spawning. Materials and methods. The research object was the black-backed sea shad caught with a river shore seine. Sampling for comprehensive studies was performed from 15 black-backed sea shads during the spawning migration in 2017. The fish were studied by the method of partial parasitological dissection (the protozoa class was not studied). The fish were collected and dissected, and cameral treatment was performed per Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya method. Microbiological studies were conducted by common methods. Species identification of identified helminths and microorganisms was performed according to standard identification guides. Toxicological studies included the determination of lead, cadmium, mercury, and petroleum hydrocarbons in the muscle tissue of the studied shad specimens by atomic absorption. In fish muscles, we studied the number of total lipids by the Zollner method, and water-soluble protein by the spectrometric Warburg-Christian method. The Fulton's condition factor was used for fatness determination. The obtained results were processed statistically. Results and discussion. The results of the comprehensive studies of commercial species of the black-backed sea shad (Alosa kessleri, Grimm, 1887) showed that the parasite fauna of fish was distinguished by a poor species composition as contracted with a qualitative microbiota biodiversity. Infection of the black-backed sea shad proceeded at the asymptomatic carrier level, which indicated a balanced relationship between parasites and the host. The levels of accumulated toxicants in shads were close to the characteristic values for fish in the Volga-Caspian basin. On average, the stock of energy resources in the studied fish had a positive trend in relation to the previous research period. The study results of the black-backed sea shad during the spawning showed the correlation of parasitological, microbiological, toxicological, and biochemical parameters that comprehensively affect the general physiological state of the studied fish.
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Helikh, Anna, Svitlana Danylenko, Tetiana Kryzhska, and Li Qingshan. "Development of technology and research of quality indicators of yoghurt with natural filler in the preservation process." FOOD RESOURCES 9, no. 16 (2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/foodresources2021-16-07.
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The subject of research – yogurt and pumpkin powder. The purpose of the study – to develop the technology of making yogurt with filler – pumpkin powder. Methods. Standard and practical research methods of dairy products were used. The qualitative indicators of the developed yogurt (sensorial indicators, viscosity, microbiological and toxicological indicators) during storage (15 days) were studied. The results of the study. Modern technologies of yogurt production include the use of various additives to improve the technological properties, as well as quality and texture characteristics. In this work, new technological solutions were developed in the formulations of yogurts without stabilizer with dietary fiber contained in pumpkin meal powder, the acceptability of new types of yogurts was evaluated. The dependence of a rheological indicator - the viscosity of the product depending on the amount of filler - in the storage process is analyzed. It was found that the largest increase in effective viscosity was observed in the sample with the introduction of pumpkin meal powder in the amount of 10 %, and the smallest – in the sample with the introduction of pumpkin meal powder in the amount of 5 %. This is due to the quantitative introduction of pumpkin meal powder into the formulation, which is a good sorbent that promotes a more even distribution of moisture between the particles of crushed plant material, which contributes to the formation of a denser clot. The influence of the filler – pumpkin meal powder on the microbiological parameters of yogurt during storage was determined. Studies of microbiological parameters of the control sample of yogurt classic and experimental samples with pumpkin meal powder during storage (15 days) indicate that the opportunistic and pathogenic microflora are within acceptable values. Toxicological studies have shown that safety indicators developed samples of yogurt with filler – pumpkin meal powder – meet the toxicological requirements for the type of product. Based on research, it is proven that yogurt with a natural filler – pumpkin meal powder retains high quality throughout the storage period. Scope of research results. The results of the research will be used to improve the technology of yogurt production at dairy plants.
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Bhusnure, Omprakash G., Shivraj Suryawanshi, S. M. Vijayendra Swamy, Sachin B. Gholve, Padmaja S. Girm, and Mahesh J. Birajdar. "Standardization and Quality Evaluation of Herbal Drugs." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3-s (2019): 1058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2941.
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In recent years most, people throughout world are turning to use medicinal plant and herbal product in healthcare system. the use of herbal product as medicine by the basis of history. The identification of pure active ingredient is an important requirement for Quality and dose determination of plant related dugs. Therefore, evaluation of the parameters based upon chemical, physical, microbiological, therapeutic and toxicological studies can serve as an important tool in stability studies. Standardization of herbal drugs means confirmation of its identity, Quality and purity. The present overview covers the standardization parameters with their standards value of some herbal drugs. Keywords: Herbal medicine, Standardization, Quality control, evaluation, WHO Guidelines.
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Sidorov, Mikhail, and Ekaterina Tomashevskaya. "Veterinary and sanitary examination of domestic reindeer meat in the Arctic zone." E3S Web of Conferences 392 (2023): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339201034.
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Organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological reindeer were carried out for the comprehensive study of veterinary and sanitary valuation of domestic reindeer; chemical and toxicological studies of meat from MUP “Primorsky” p. Khara-Ulah of the Bulun district, SPK KRO Turvaurgin v. Kolymsky Nizhnezhny Kolymsky and Anabar districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It has been established that the conditions of detention and the fodder base affect the meat production of reindeer, and the quality of meat is significantly improving. The integrated assessment of reindeer meat shows a higher nutritional value of reindeer meat, which is advantageous in terms of chemical composition, organoleptic and technological parameters.
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V. Sharov, Artem, Olga M. Plotnikova, Аnna I. Rykova, and Vadim V. Evseev. "Toxicological properties of activated carbons with saturated by cationic surfactant surface." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 1 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i1.29177.
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The article discusses the effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sorbed on activated carbons, on vital signs of some living systems.Extracts from carbon, saturated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, were injected into the organisms of laboratory mice and soil samples. The biochemical blood parameters were determined from laboratory mice. In soils was determined the enzymatic activity, as well as the number of major groups of soil microorganisms.In mice, under the influence of surfactants on active carbons, the activity of enzymes associated with the functioning of the liver changes to a greater extent. The effect on the urease activity of the soil was not detected, the phosphatase activity under the action of surfactants increases, catalase and dehydrogenase - fall. The number of oligonitrophils, oligotrophs and amylolytics is reduced. A decrease in the effect of surfactant bonded to the active carbons surface on the systems as compared with free surfactants has been recorded.The increase in the number of ammonifiers with the introduction of surfactants can be used for microbiological cleaning of waste active carbone.
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Emmanouil, C., M. Bekyrou, C. Psomopoulos, and A. Kungolos. "An Insight into Ingredients of Toxicological Interest in Personal Care Products and A Small–Scale Sampling Survey of the Greek Market: Delineating a Potential Contamination Source for Water Resources." Water 11, no. 12 (2019): 2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122501.
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Wastewater is not a waste but a valuable resource that should be reused. Nevertheless, it should be devoid of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters that can harm the consumer. Along with the multitude of possible pollutants found in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), emerging pollutants, such as Personal Care Products (PCPs), have arisen. The present research examines some of the main ingredients commonly found in PCPs, focusing on their toxicological profile on their occurrence in WWTPs influents and effluents worldwide and on their persistence and biodegradability. A small-scale market sampling of PCPs was performed in Athens, Greece, in June 2019, and their individual ingredients were recorded, coded according to their main activity, scanned for the presence of ingredients of important toxicological profile, and finally analyzed for the presence of other candidates of toxicological interest. Results show that some ingredients of concern (i.e., parabens and triclosan) are a decreasing trend. On the other hand, information on the presence of synthetic musks and perfume synthesis is scarce and encumbered by brand protection. Finally, UV filters are numerous, and they are used in various combinations, while other ingredients of toxicological interest are also present. Since the reclaimed water may well be used to cover irrigation needs in Greek areas with water deficiency or to enrich bodies of surface water, it is important to know what PCP ingredients are on the rise in the market, to monitor their presence in WWTPs influents and effluents and to extend research on their environmental fate and behavior.
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Abitayeva, Gulyaim, Gulmira Bissenova, Botagoz Mussabayeva, Yerassyl Naimanov, Тamara Тultabayeva, and Zinigul Sarmurzina. "Development, quality and safety evaluation of a probiotic whey beverage." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 13, no. 7 (2023): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1121.
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Background: This study was aimed at the development of a whey beverage enriched with a probiotic starter culture, prebiotics, vitamins, and minerals, and evaluation of microbiological, physico-chemical, and toxicological characteristics of the developed beverage.Methods: The beverage formulation was determined based on organoleptic analysis. The assessment of microbiological and physico-chemical parameters was carried out in accordance with regulatory standards. The safety assessment of the developed drink was carried out in vivo.Results:A beverage formulation based on whey enriched with probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei 1A, Lactobacillus paracasei 2A, Lactobacillus brevis 4 LB, prebiotic inulin, vitamins (A, C) and minerals (potassium iodide) was developed. The organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological properties of the developed drink were determined. The quality of the beverage complied with food safety regulations, the viability of probiotic bacteria and the acidity of the beverage remained stable during storage. Acute score toxicity and allergenic properties in vivo did not reveal any physiological abnormalities and made it possible to classify the developed product as a low-hazard substance.Conclusion:The optimal composition of a probiotic whey beverage has been developed, which can be considered as a potential product for functional nutrition.Keywords: Whey beverage, Formulation, Probiotic, Functional, Safety Assessment, Toxicity, Allergenic properties, In vivo
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Mozart, Gabriela G., Felipe B. N. Köptcke, Leonardo A. Pinto, et al. "Enhancement of Dairy Cow Milk Quality with Probiotic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation." Dairy 5, no. 2 (2024): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy5020027.
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Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient crucial in various metabolic processes. Dairy production is continually expanding and can supplement the population of regions with low Se. Adding live yeast concentrate (LYC) to cows’ diets can influence milk production, composition, and quality by modulating ruminal microbiota, resulting in increased milk yield and improved nutritional content. This study aimed to assess the enrichment of milk with selenite LYC for a subsequent increase in quality and production in supplemented lactating cows. Twenty-six cows were separated into three groups supplemented with different concentrations of Se for 15 days and different concentrations of LYC (Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 108 CFU g−1). The animals were divided into the following groups with the proposed treatments: Treatment 1 (T1) Control Group with just dry matter intake (DMI); Treatment 2 (T2) DMI + 0.3 mg kg−1 DMI of inorganic selenium + live yeast concentrate (LYC); Treatment 3 (T3) DMI + 0.6 mg kg−1 DMI of inorganic selenium + LYC. The milk was evaluated using physical–chemical, microbiologic, and toxicologic parameters according to Brazilian legislation. The addition of Se and yeast did not alter milk production; however, the application did lead to an increase in milk fat concentration compared with the control group, and no significant variations were observed in other physical–chemical parameters. Regarding the microbiological and toxicological analyses, all the samples presented satisfactory hygienic and sanitary conditions. The Somatic Cells Count from all treatments remained below 500,000 somatic cells mL−1, representing a positive effect of Se. The milk Se content was expected in residual form with the organic selenium being the more bioavailable form throughout the processing chain. The supplementation yielded results similar to those in the literature, highlighting the potential for customized technology and processes in dairy farming in ways that improve production, quality, and sanitation.
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Akbayeva, L. Kh, Zh U. Bakeshova, A. N. Tazhen, A. B. Abzhalelov, D. O. Yevneyeva, and N. S. Mamytova. "SANITARY AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BIG TALDYKOL AND ZHALTYRKOL LAKES." Geography and water resources, no. 1 (March 26, 2025): 78–87. https://doi.org/10.55764/2957-9856/2025-1-78-87.8.
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Hydrochemical, bacteriological, and parasitological parameters were studied in Big Taldykol and Zhaltyrkol lakes: pH, suspended solids, oxygen conditions (dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD); mineralization (dry residue, chlorides, sulfates, total hardness, total alkalinity); biogenic substances (phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, boron); metals (iron, copper, chromium, nickel, zinc, manganese, molybdenum); organic substances (fluorides, synthetic surfactants, oil products). According to the results of hydrochemical analyses Big Taldykol Lake belongs to the sixth class of water quality, where high value of COD 42.8 mg O2/l, suspended solids - 46.0 mg/l, total iron 0.83 mg/l were observed. In Lake Zhaltyrkol suspended solids were 18.62 mg/l, so Lake Zhaltyrkol also belongs to the sixth class of water quality. According to other indicators in the lakes there is no toxicological hazard. The excess of a number of components may be related to the natural xenobiotic profile of the environment. According to the results of bacteriological studies, the content of lactose-positive Escherichia coli and coliphages did not exceed permissible levels. According to the results of parasitological studies, no viable eggs of ascarids, vlagoslav, toxocaria, fasciola, oncospheres of tennidae, or cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa were found in the water of the lakes. A large number of infusoria, rotifers, and gastrotrichia, along with the dominance of diatom algae, indicate eutrophication of the water body and a high risk of water blooms.
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Moebus, Victor F., Leonardo A. Pinto, Felipe B. N. Köptcke, and Luiz A. M. Keller. "Elaboration and Characterization of Dulce de Leche with Reduced Sugar Content." Dairy 4, no. 4 (2023): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy4040043.
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Dulce de leche is a South American traditional dairy product. However, due to the high sugar content, it is unsafe for consumers with special physiological conditions, such as diabetes. Light foods were developed to meet those demands whilst maintaining the sensory characteristics. The present study aimed to develop and characterize a formulation of light dulce de leche, using sweeteners to substitute sucrose, and gums as thickening and stabilizing agents. The physicochemical assays follow the AOAC manual, and the microbiological parameters were set according to MERCOSUL’s legislation. Thirty potential consumers perform the nine-point hedonic scale for product acceptance and the seven-point scale for buying intention. Compared to the traditional formulation, the product had better rheological properties, but a lighter color. All the raw materials and final products were considered safe by the recommended microbiological and toxicological standards; however, the product showed discrepancies to the physicochemical requirements. The formulation had an overall medium acceptance and low buying intention. The product had deficiencies, needing other compounds to reach the desired characteristics. Even though it leads to a more expensive final product, it is possible to adjust the product and allow access to more selective consumers or with restrictions.
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Veres, Edina, and Mária Borbély. "Utility of Winter Wheat According to Visual and Microbiological Fusarium Infection, as Well as Toxin Examination." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 12 (November 26, 2003): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/12/3426.
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In 1998 the Fusarium infection was studied visually and microbiologically and also F-2, T-2, HT-2, DAS and DON contamination were measured using 22 winter wheat samples. The correlation between the different parameters of 22 wheat samples were determined by regression analysis. According to our results we can state the following.There is no significant connection between the results of visual, microbiological and toxicological examinations. This means that no certain conclusion can be drawn about the toxin contamination of samples – which is a determining factor of its utility – based on the visual symptoms and the plate dilution method.Our results indicate however – though it is not proven statistically – that those samples in which the Fusarium infection did not exceed the limit of the standard, also had low toxin contamination, therefore they can be used as components of forage.It is a considerable problem, however, that according to the visual qualification, such samples are excluded from the later utilisation, wherein the toxin contamination does not justify such action. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the toxin content of those samples which show high infection by visual symptoms. To reducing the number of expensive toxin examinations it would be advisable to change the currently used 0,5% limit which is indicated in the standard for a higher value of infection, for example to 2%, as recommended by Mesterházy (1998).
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De Oliveira Silva Fernandes Correia, Gabriela, Sueli Moura Bertolino, and Milla Alves Baffi. "Microbiological and physico-chemical quality of water from beveragers of Uberlândia Federal University, Campus Santa Mônica." Revista Brasileira de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação 7, no. 1 (2023): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18554/rbcti.v7i1.6597.
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This study evaluated the water quality of drinking fountains in the buildings 1B and 5RA at the Santa Mônica campus, Federal University of Uberlândia, monitoring that is part of the institution's Water Safety Plan. The water quality was investigated through bacteriological analysis and physicochemical parameters. The analyses were during 12 weeks in a total of 72 samples. In the bacteriological analysis, none of the samples showed growth of coliforms, being this parameter in accordance to the legislation. In the physicochemical analysis, an average pH of 5.62 and 5.44 was obtained in 1B and 5RA buildings, respectively. In 1B, the color showed an average of 6.85 uC, with six samples showing values slightly above the limit. The other parameters were in accordance to the standards, with average values for block 1B of: turbidity - 0.18 NTU, conductivity - 64.55 us cm-1 and dissolved solids - 43.89 mg L-1 and for 5RA were of: color - 2.10 uc, turbidity - 0.14 NTU, conductivity - 52.70 us cm-1 and dissolved solids - 35.84 mg L-1. Regarding metals, only one sample from 1B presented values of iron, chromium and nickel above the limit. The results indicate the potability and the security of the evaluated water in terms of microbiological, toxicological and organoleptic indicators.
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Lee, Eun Song, Chan-Ick Cheigh, Joo Hyun Kang, Seung Young Lee, and Sea C. Min. "Evaluation of In-Package Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge Cold Plasma Treatment as an Intervention Technology for Decontaminating Bulk Ready-To-Eat Chicken Breast Cubes in Plastic Containers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (2020): 6301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186301.
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This article evaluates the effects of in-package atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (ADCP) treatment on microbial inactivation, nitrate and nitrite contents, oral toxicity, and storage quality of protein-coated boiled chicken breast cubes (CBCs). ADCP treatment at 24 kV for 3 min inactivated natural mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Salmonella, and Tulane virus in CBCs by 0.7 ± 0.2, 1.4 ± 0.1 log CFU/cube, and 1.1 ± 0.2 log PFU/cube, respectively. ADCP treatment did not affect the nitrite content of CBCs (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the hematological and blood biochemical parameters from toxicity tests indicated the toxicological safety of ADCP-treated CBCs. Microbial counts of natural bacteria and Salmonella in ADCP-treated CBCs were lower than the ADCP-untreated CBCs by 0.7–0.9 and 1.4–1.7 log CFU/cube, respectively, throughout post-treatment storage at 4 °C for 21 d. ADCP treatment did not alter the pH, color, total volatile basic nitrogen, lipid oxidation, and tenderness of CBCs during storage at 4 and 24 °C, and did not change the sensory properties of CBCs following a 3 d storage period at 4 °C (p > 0.05). Thus, ADCP treatment has the potential to be applied as a method to increase the microbiological safety of packaged ready-to-eat chicken products, leading to overall toxicological safety.
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Marina, Samilyk, Helikh Anna, Bolgova Natalia, and Yaremenko Iryna. "INFLUENCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF CHEDDAR CHEESE." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 3 (May 31, 2020): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001327.
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The aim of this research is to substantiate the possibility of using crushed activated carbon (hereinafter referred to as activated carbon) as a food additive in the production of Cheddar cheese in order to expand the range of this type of cheese on the market. The studied samples of Cheddar cheese, produced in accordance with the technological instructions approved in the prescribed manner, in compliance with the state sanitary regulations for dairy enterprises in accordance with GSP 4.4.4.011. According to the research results, all physicochemical, microbiological and toxicological indicators comply with the requirements of DSTU 6003:2008. It is proved that the introduction of activated carbon helps to reduce the amount of moisture without increasing the level of acidity in the finished product. Thus, ensuring the compliance of physico-chemical and microbiological indicators with the requirements of the standard. In the process of laboratory studies, the presence of carbohydrates in the control and experimental samples is revealed, which indicates the incomplete ripening of cheese in the process of cheddarization. It is established that the introduction of activated carbon during the ripening of cheese helps to reduce the amount of carbohydrates by 2.8%. The introduction of activated carbon helps to reduce the moisture content by 0.4%, in comparison with the sample without its use. The influence of activated carbon on the indicators of active and triturated acidity, which affect the safety indicators of cheddar cheese during storage for 30 days, is analyzed. As a result of the study, lower pH values of a sample of cheddar cheese with activated carbon are obtained, which helps to suppress the growth of conditionally pathogenic microflora of cheese and stabilizes microbiological parameters during storage of Cheddar cheese with activated carbon. It is proved that cheddar cheese with activated carbon maintains high quality indicators throughout the entire storage period
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Shagidullin, R. R., А. M. Petrov, and D. V. Ivanov. "Approaches to Recultivation of Sewage Sludge Cards of Biological Treatment Facilities of the City of Kazan." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 3 (2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-3-18-23.
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Quantitative, physicochemical, toxicological and microbiological characteristics of sewage sludge accumulated on sewage sludge cards of Municipal Unitary Enterprise Vodokanal in Kazan are determined. The use of sewage sludge for land restoration and as organic fertilizers is limited by the high content of bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli and heavy metals. Considering the significant volumes of sewage sludge, a method for their restoration directly in sewage sludge cards using quicklime and zeolite is proposed. Experiments have shown that the introduction of calcium oxide and activated zeolite in the amount of 2.5–5.0 % and 20–30 % by weight of the raw sludge, respectively, stops the fermentation processes, provides disinfection, dehydration and structuring of sewage sludge, promotes the immobilization of heavy metals. The intensity of ammonia release into the atmosphere was determined for different technological parameters of sewage sludge treatment.
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Grynchenko, Nataliya, Olga Tishchenko, Olga Grynchenko, and Pavel Pyvovarov. "INVESTIGATION OF SAFETY AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF GRANULATED FILLERS." EUREKA: Life Sciences 2 (March 31, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001208.
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Within the conducted studies there were highlighted urgent questions of introducing the management system of quality and safety of food products. Quality and safety parameters that determine the notion of food product quality have been established by analyzing the normative and legislative base. There were studied quality parameters of granulated fillers that are structured systems of the ball-like form with diameter (3…7)·10-3 m and are characterized with a plastic, a bit crumbling consistence. Granules may be used as fillers for milk and sour-milk products, cheeses, ice-cream, dessert products, confectionary ones, beverages, salads, culinary floury products. The organoleptic quality evaluation of the products was realized by the descriptive (qualitative) method and by the profile analysis one (quantitative). Each organoleptic parameter (consistence, taste, smell and so on) is presented as a totality of components (descriptors), evaluated by quality, intensity and manifestation order. A characteristic of organoleptic parameters with intensity scales of separate signs is presented as profile diagrams. The complex organoleptic index that is 4.89…4.95 points has been determined. Basic physical-chemical properties of the new products were studied. It has been determined, that the content of main nutritive substances in the composition of fillers is: proteins 3.4…7.2 %, lipids – 2.5…6.5 %, total carbohydrates 7.8…13.2 %, mineral substances 0.25…1.12 %, that allow to pose fillers as products with the high food value. Safety parameters of the granulated fillers were studied – microbiological and toxicological ones, and also the content of mycotoxins and antibiotics. It has been proved, that the new products fully correspond to established norms by these parameters. The study of microbiological indices of the new products has proved the content of viable lactate bacteria in the fillers in amount 3·108…1·107 CFU in 1 g of a product and the absence of the pathogenic and conventionally pathogenic microflora. The expert evaluation of safety of the granulated fillers as to the content of food supplements in their composition allows to make a conclusion about the correspondence of the developed products to international legislative requirements. It has been proved, that the storage term of new products is 90 days at temperature 1…6 °С and relative air humidity no more 75 %.
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Pantoja, Danielle Nazaré Salgado Mamede, Hebe Morganne Campos Ribeiro, Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola, and Ronaldo Magno Rocha. "CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DETECTED IN WATER BODIES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARCARENA/PA, AMAZONIA, BRAZIL." Revista Políticas Públicas & Cidades 13, no. 2 (2024): e1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.23900/2359-1552v13n2-290-2024.
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Population growth linked to greater exploitation of nature compromises the quality of water, which is considered a limited natural resource and is vitally important for the survival of living organisms and directly influences the economy, leisure, culture and the social environment. This study evaluated the physicochemical, toxicological and microbiological parameters of rivers and streams in the municipality of Barcarena, State of PA, Amazonia, Brazil. We collected 58 samples in the period from 2021 to 2022. The average values verified were above the limits allowed by Brazilian legislation (CONAMA 357/2005) for true color (µ = 218.09 ± 223.843), BOD (µ = 31.30 ± 64.992) and Escherichia coli (µ = 1243.76 ± 2838.743) in stream samples when compared to those from the river, demonstrating that there are statistical differences in these parameters between these two environments. We also analyzed traces of 10 toxic metals (Al, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Pb). The average levels of these pollutants ranged from 0 (<LD) to 1,504 mg/L. The highest concentration was found for Aluminum, which ranged from 0.003 to 1.504 mg/L with an average of 0.275 ± 0.289 mg/L. The greatest concentration similarity (75.16%) of these soluble metals was observed between the Pará river and the Dendê stream. Therefore, the studied area presents contamination of aquatic ecosystems due to mining activity, which has caused serious impacts on the remaining communities on the banks of the municipality's rivers that cross the Municipality of Barcarena-Pa.
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Теканова, Елена Валентиновна, Елена Михайловна Макарова, Наталия Михайловна Калинкина, Elena Tekanova, Elena Makarova, and Natalia Kalinkina. "AN ASSESMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE WATER OF LAKE ONEGO INFLOWING STREAMS UNDER HUMAN IMPACT INFLUENCE USING MICROBIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL PARAMETERS." Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, no. 9 (October 14, 2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17076/lim35.
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Samilyk, Marina, Anna Helikh, Natalia Bolgova, and Iryna Yaremenko. "INFLUENCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF CHEDDAR CHEESE." EUREKA: Life Sciences 3 (May 31, 2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001327.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to substantiate the possibility of using crushed activated carbon (hereinafter referred to as activated carbon) as a food additive in the production of Cheddar cheese in order to expand the range of this type of cheese on the market. The studied samples of Cheddar cheese, produced in accordance with the technological instructions approved in the prescribed manner, in compliance with the state sanitary regulations for dairy enterprises in accordance with GSP 4.4.4.011. According to the research results, all physicochemical, microbiological and toxicological indicators comply with the requirements of DSTU 6003:2008. It is proved that the introduction of activated carbon helps to reduce the amount of moisture without increasing the level of acidity in the finished product. Thus, ensuring the compliance of physico-chemical and microbiological indicators with the requirements of the standard. In the process of laboratory studies, the presence of carbohydrates in the control and experimental samples is revealed, which indicates the incomplete ripening of cheese in the process of cheddarization. It is established that the introduction of activated carbon during the ripening of cheese helps to reduce the amount of carbohydrates by 2.8%. The introduction of activated carbon helps to reduce the moisture content by 0.4%, in comparison with the sample without its use. The influence of activated carbon on the indicators of active and triturated acidity, which affect the safety indicators of cheddar cheese during storage for 30 days, is analyzed. As a result of the study, lower pH values of a sample of cheddar cheese with activated carbon are obtained, which helps to suppress the growth of conditionally pathogenic microflora of cheese and stabilizes microbiological parameters during storage of Cheddar cheese with activated carbon. It is proved that cheddar cheese with activated carbon maintains high quality indicators throughout the entire storage period
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Pękala-Safińska, Agnieszka, Piotr Jedziniak, Anna Kycko, et al. "Could mycotoxigenic Fusarium sp. play a role in ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) of brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha trutta)?" Mycotoxin Research 36, no. 3 (2020): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-020-00395-8.
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AbstractFusarium infections have been reported in aquatic animals, but are still poorly investigated in wild salmonids. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the fungi and their toxins on the health status of brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha trutta) migrating from the Baltic Sea to the freshwater. Individuals from the wild brown trout population exhibiting ulcerative skin lesions were collected from the Słupia River in Poland and subjected to microbiological, histopathological, and hematological examinations, as well as toxicological analysis for a presence of mycotoxins. The results of microflora isolation from the brown trout skin samples revealed the presence of conditionally pathogenic bacteria and fungi classified by molecular techniques as Fusarium spp. Toxicological analysis allowed for detection of zearalenone (ZEN) in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract of the fish. In several cases, there was α-zearalenone (α-ZEL) identified at trace levels in the liver, as well as sterigmatocystin and enniatin B at low levels in the kidney and the liver. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of fungal hyphae disrupting the epidermis and penetrating into the necrotic dermis and hypodermis. The decreased values of the blood parameters, i.e., hemoglobin concentration (HGB), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and white blood cell count (WBC), were indicative of osmoregulation failure being a consequence of the skin damage. The results of the study provide new information regarding Fusarium sp. infection in brown trout and serve as the basis for further research on the potential impact of the fungi and their mycotoxins on the Baltic salmonid population, including their role in ulcerative dermal necrosis.
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Posternak, N. V., Yu A. Ferapontov, S. N. Erokhin, et al. "Development of a regenerated carbon dioxide absorber for human life support systems during long space flights." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 16-18 (July 29, 2019): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2019.16-18.37-50.
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In the development of life support systems for long-term space missions, the most important tasks are the absorption of carbon dioxide from the air, the production of carbon dioxide with a concentration above 98 %, and the production of oxygen from carbon dioxide by the Bosch – Sabatier process. To solve these problems, a regenerative carbon dioxide absorber adapted to space flight conditions is required. The article proposes a new method for the production of chemosorbents based on hydrated zirconium oxide using polyacrylates as a binder and polymer matrix. The regenerated absorber of carbon dioxide for its application in space flights must meet the regulatory requirements of sanitary-chemical and toxicological safety of materials intended for the equipment of inhabited sealed rooms, be resistant to radiation and to the effects of mold. In the study of the processes of “sorption – desorption” of carbon dioxide, we have established the relationship between the technological parameters of the synthesis of chemosorbents and the kinetic parameters of the processes of mass-sorption of sorbate in the “sorption – regeneration” cycles. It is found that the optimal weight ratio of the “adsorbent – filler/polymer matrix” 89÷94/11÷6 is optimal in terms of the performance characteristics of the developed absorbers. It is shown experimentally that the main operational characteristics of the developed materials do not change under experimental conditions during 2000 “sorption – regeneration” cycles. The resulting chemosorbents are investigated by physicochemical analysis. Employing methods of gas chromatography and chromatomass spectrometry, we have conducted sanitary and chemical studies and toxicological assessment of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the components of gas release of the developed regenerated carbon dioxide absorber and air-gas mixture formed during the regeneration of the regenerated carbon dioxide absorber. Also we have carried out microbiological tests of samples of the regenerated absorber of carbon dioxide for resistance of material to influence of mold mushrooms. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using the developed materials in life support systems of manned spacecraft for deep space exploration.
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León, Ernys, Manuel G. Roca-Argüelles, and Juan González. "Preliminary characterization of palmiche flour (Roystonea regia) for food use." Journal of Food Science and Gastronomy 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14610369.
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Palmiche is an abundant food in Cuba, promising due to its high oil and protein content, with levels varying between different varieties of its species. This study aimed to characterize palmiche flour for food use preliminarily. Fresh fruits of royal palm (<em>Roystonea regia</em>) were used, and their size, weight, and hardness were determined, the latter measured before and after drying using a penetration test with a 30º cone. The obtained flour's optimal temperature and particle size were determined by drying the grains at 150 °C for 6 hours. The dried fruits were ground in a hammer mill, and the process efficiency was evaluated through visual inspection and the homogeneity of the milling. The flour was analyzed for physical-chemical, microbiological, and toxicological parameters. The dimensions of the palmiche fruit were smaller than those reported in the literature. The optimal temperature for obtaining high-quality flour was 150 °C. The high-fat content flour was found to be safe according to the quality indicators and was rated as having good sensory quality. However, the judges rejected it after five days of storage.
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You, Xiaoyan, Shuxia Song, Bing Li, et al. "A Comprehensive Safety Assessment of Ralstonia eutropha H16 for Food Applications: Integrating Genomic, Phenotypic, and Toxicological Analyzes." Microorganisms 13, no. 6 (2025): 1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13061323.
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Ralstonia eutropha H16, a metabolically versatile bacterium, has gained prominence as a microbial platform for sustainable bioproduction. While its capabilities in synthesizing single-cell proteins and biodegradable materials are well documented, comprehensive strain-level safety evaluations remain insufficient for food-grade applications. This study systematically assessed the safety of R. eutropha H16 through genomic, phenotypic, and toxicological analyzes. Genomic analyzes revealed the absence or minimal presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes, aligning with microbiological safety standards. Phenotypic investigations demonstrated a limited gastric fluid tolerance (pH 2.5, survival rate 25.70% after 3 h) and intestinal fluid persistence (pH 8, 44.67% viability after 3 h), coupled with an exceptional bile salt tolerance (0.2% w/v). Antioxidant assays confirmed the fermentation broth specifically scavenges DPPH free radicals (14.60 ± 1.24 μg Trolox/mL), whereas bacterial suspensions and cell-free supernatants exhibited a strong hydroxyl radical scavenging (>90 U/mL) and superoxide anion inhibition (>100 U/L). Acute toxicity testing indicated no mortality or histopathological abnormalities, with an LD50 value exceeding 1 × 10¹¹ CFU/kg. Subacute toxicity studies (28-day, 1 × 108–1 × 1010 CFU/kg) revealed no significant effects on growth, hematology, or organ function. Minor alterations in serum biochemistry might be attributed to physiological adaptation. Subacute exposure induced transient serum ALT fluctuations without hepatorenal dysfunction, while maintaining hematological parameters within physiological ranges. Collectively, these results substantiate the safety of R. eutropha H16 for food-related applications while underscoring the necessity of strain-specific risk assessments for industrial microbial platforms.
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Dyshliuk, V. Ye, and S. І. Harkavyi. "ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF THE USE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE OF LARGE CITIES AND INDUSTRIAL CENTRES OF UKRAINE AS UNCONVENTIONAL ORGANIC FERTILIZERS." Agriciltural microbiology 31 (July 7, 2020): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.31.3-15.
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Objective. Study ecological, hygienic and radio-ecological parameters of sewage sludge (SS) of large cities and industrial centres of Ukraine, which were formed under the influence of constantly growing technogenesis; establish the degree of waste pollution and give ecological and hygienicassessment of their suitability for systemic use in agriculture as unconventional organic fertilizers. Methods. Sanitary-microbiological, helminthological, toxicological (physical, radiochemical), comparative-analytical, statistical. Results. It was shown that under the conditions of constantlygrowing technogenesis, ecological and hygienic parameters of the studied SS after the final keepingon sludge beds were predominantly suitable for application as fertilizers. A group of cities whereSS have a high level of biological pollution and require more effective disinfection has been allocated. At the same time, in terms of the level of radioactive contamination, these SS predominantlycorrespond to the modern regional γ-background and belong to the category of radioactively contaminated. Conclusion. Ecological, hygienic and radioecological parameters of SS of large citiesand industrial centres of Ukraine, which were formed under the conditions of growing technogenesis in the pre-crisis period (and man-made accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant), afterfinal keeping on sludge beds generally meet the requirements for use as unconventional organic fertilizers. A group of cities where SS should be subject to more efficient decontamination due to biological pollution, a sufficient level of which can be achieved by adhering to technological processesin the treatment cycle at treatment plants, longer holding period on sludge beds (3 years or more),or biothermal processing with carbon-containing fillers to biocompost has been established.
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Suvorova, Ol'ga, Valentina Solov'eva, Mahmud Abu-Hasan, and Alina Harlamova. "Features of Soil Contamination on the Airport Territory Revealed Through Engineering and Environmental Survey." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 20, no. 3 (2023): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-715-720.
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Purpose: To study soil contamination specifics based on the results of engineering and environmental surveys conducted during the airport reconstruction. Detection of toxicants in soil samples during field research on the airport grounds based on the analysis of chemical, bacteriological, parasitological, and toxicological parameters of the samples. The assessment of soil quality compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules and norms ‘Hygienic Standards and Requirements for Ensuring the Safety and (or) Harmlessness of Environmental Factors for Human Habitation’ (SanPiN 1.2.3685—21). Methods: Determination of concentrations of pollutants has been carried out in layers at depths of 0.0–0.2 m; 0.2–1.0 m; 1,0–2,0; 2,0–3,0; 3,0–4,0; 4,0–5,0; 5,0–6,0; 6,0– 7.0; 7.0–8.0 m. The soil samples have been analyzed for the following parameters: heavy metal content (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, mercury, arsenic); pH value; content of organic toxicants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene); petroleum products); toxicological indicators of the soil throughout the depth (composite sample) (0.0–2.0 meters) (2 test objects: Escherichia coli and Paramecium caudatum). Results: Discrepancies with hygiene requirements for the content of the following chemical substances in soil have been identified: zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, nickel, and petroleum products. The dangerous category of soil has been mostly observed in the surface layer of soil (0.0–0.2 m) and at a depth of 0.2–1.0 m, however, excess soil contamination has also been detected at depths of 2.0–3.0 m and 4.0–5.0 m, and excess soil contamination with nickel has been observed at all horizons up to a depth of 8.0 m. Based on microbiological and parasitological indicators, all samples are classified as “clean”. Practical significance: An analysis of soil contamination levels has been conducted on the territory of the airport in the Tyumen region. Concentrations of ecotoxicants in the soil have been examined, and possible reasons for exceeding the permissible levels of pollutants have been analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis of possible reasons for exceeding the permissible content of pollutants in the soil, the need for measures to protect the soil from further pollutants has been established.
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Valeriy Mikhailovich Poznyakovsky. "New Nutritional Supplement: Biotechnological Consortium of Microorganisms to Ensure the Gut Normal Microflora and Healthy Immunity." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 10s (2024): 6873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.6773.
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This research examines newly developed specialized goods. The composition of this biologically active nutritional supplement represents a consortium of live lacto-, bifido-, and propionic acid microorganisms: Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantaruphm, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Propionibactеrium freudenreichii. Bacterial characteristics analysis helped determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the product as well as its functional properties aimed at maintaining microflora and a healthy intestinal immune system. The manufacturing technology is characterized by microencapsulation, sparing parameters of a short and low-temperature drying process, microcapsules protecting the shell, and a prebiotic matrix of lactulose. All these factors make it possible to obtain biomass with a long shelf life to ensure its maximum survival, safety, and targeted implementation of microorganisms’ functions. The regulated organoleptic and physicchemical indicators of product quality and safety have been determined. The content of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli must be at least 1∙109 CFU/g. The product’s shelf life has been determined following a thorough analysis of its microbiological, toxicological, and hygienic safety criteria. The recommended shelf life is one year, with a possible three-months extension at the temperature of 4±2°С and an air humidity of at least 60%. The product’s functional properties, which help improve biocenosis and support healthy intestinal immunity, have been confirmed by the expert report of Russia’s Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Protection and Welfare. One capsule taken twice a day with a meal is advised for adults.
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Ravshanov, Tymur, Ganna Zaychenko, Kateryna Zhemerova, Volodymyr Zaychenko, and Olena Ruban. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES AND ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE PEO-BASED COMBINED SUPPOSITORIES." EUREKA: Health Sciences 5 (September 20, 2019): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2019.001000.
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Aim. The research of antimicrobial and toxicological parameters of a promising pharmaceutical composition with indole-3-carbinol and meloxicam in the form of rectal suppositories. Materials and methods. The research of antimicrobial activity was carried out in vitro by diffusion in nutrient agar in the modification of "holes" on the reference strains of common pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans. Adult rats were used for the study of acute toxicity. Suppository mass were administrated in the largest possible volume rectally or orally. The animals were periodically monitored according to the experimental plan – the assessment of physiological parameters before administration and after 6, 12, 18, 24 hours, at 3, 7 and 14 days. The animals were removed from experiment and necropsy provided after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Results. The sizes of zones of inhibition of the microorganisms growth were most significant (from 19.27±0.61 mm of E. coli to 40.80±0.42 mm of S. aureus) near sample of the combined composition suppository compared with other combination of active substances and excipients. During the observation of animals for 14 days and the study of internal organs after autopsy, deviations in physiological (weight, temperature, activity, respiratory rate) and macroscopic morphological indicators of animals from reference values were not detected. Conclusion. According to the results of microbiological studies, a moderate antimicrobial effect of suppositories of combined composition in relation to all the studied pathogens was revealed. The absence of manifestations of acute toxicity allows us to conclude that the pharmaceutical composition can be classified as practically non-toxic substances. The obtained results allow us to recommend a pharmaceutical composition with indole-3-carbinol and meloxicam on a polyethylene oxide basis in the form of suppositories for further preclinical studies of specific pharmacological effects as a prostate protective agent.
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Tymur, Ravshanov, Zaychenko Ganna, Zhemerova Kateryna, Zaychenko Volodymyr, and Ruban Olena. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES AND ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE PEO-BASED COMBINED SUPPOSITORIES." EUREKA: Health Sciences 5 (September 30, 2019): 12–20. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2019.001000.
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<strong>Aim. </strong>The research of antimicrobial and toxicological parameters of a promising pharmaceutical composition with indole-3-carbinol and meloxicam in the form of rectal suppositories. <strong>Materials and methods.</strong> The research of antimicrobial activity was carried out in vitro by diffusion in nutrient agar in the modification of "holes" on the reference strains of common pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans. Adult rats were used for the study of acute toxicity. Suppository mass were administrated in the largest possible volume rectally or orally. The animals were periodically monitored according to the experimental plan – the assessment of physiological parameters before administration and after 6, 12, 18, 24 hours, at 3, 7 and 14 days. The animals were removed from experiment and necropsy provided after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. <strong>Results. </strong>The sizes of zones of inhibition of the microorganisms growth were most significant (from 19.27±0.61 mm of E. coli to 40.80±0.42 mm of S. aureus) near sample of the combined composition suppository compared with other combination of active substances and excipients. During the observation of animals for 14 days and the study of internal organs after autopsy, deviations in physiological (weight, temperature, activity, respiratory rate) and macroscopic morphological indicators of animals from reference values were not detected. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> According to the results of microbiological studies, a moderate antimicrobial effect of suppositories of combined composition in relation to all the studied pathogens was revealed. The absence of manifestations of acute toxicity allows us to conclude that the pharmaceutical composition can be classified as practically non-toxic substances. The obtained results allow us to recommend a pharmaceutical composition with indole-3-carbinol and meloxicam on a polyethylene oxide basis in the form of suppositories for further preclinical studies of specific pharmacological effects as a prostate protective agent.
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Koziy, A. "Improvement of the technology of production of table grainy sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus (Linnaeus, 1758)) caviar." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni., no. 1(55) (March 31, 2021): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2021.01.039.
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Purpose. Tosubstantiate scientifically and improve the technology of producing table caviar from ovulated sterlet eggs, which ensures the preservation of natural biologically active compounds and the stability of quality parameters. To investigate table caviar for microbiological, toxicological and toxico-biological safety. To determine the prospect of using the data in the practice of caviar sturgeon breeding. Methodology. Primary materials were obtained in the conditions of «Oasis Bisan» JSC. The results obtained were processed by organoleptic, biochemical, microbiological, toxicological, toxic-biological methods, as well as by the method of variation statistics using MS Excel with an emphasis on standard errors. Findings. Application of the heat treatment mode (78°C) of ovulated sterlet eggs while reducing the total time of the technological process to 1.0 minute contributes to the preservation of the integrity of food product components. Sterlet eggs from recirculated aquaculture system differed from a similar product from fish from natural waters by a lower mineral content (by 1.2%), an increased content of dry matter (by 8.1%), protein (by 7.5%) and lipids (by 3.7%). This fact indicates a decrease in the water content of the product and the acquisition of optimal gastronomic qualities. Sterlet caviar proteins were found to contain a full set of essential amino acids, the chemical score of which exceeded 100%; no limiting amino acids were found. Comparative analysis of sterlet caviar from recirculated aquaculture systems and from natural habitats showed the absence of significant differences in the amino acid composition, which demonstrated the biological value of the product. The use of the mode of short-term high-temperature heat treatment allows ensuring sufficient safety of the food product. The absence of E. coli and yeast in caviar was found. Pb, Cd, As and Hg contents in sterlet caviar were significantly lower than the maximum permissible levels. The total value of hexachloran and isomers was 0,0027mg/kg; DDT and metabolites – 0,016 mg/kg, polychlorinated biphenyls – 0,017 mg/kg and corresponded to permissible limits. The absence of altered forms, growth inhibition or death of tetrachimens confirms the toxicological safety of the finished product. The shelf life of the finished product without preservative is 6 months at a storage temperature of minus 2°C – minus 4°C, which parametrically meets the requirements of TU U 10.2-37758242-002: 2018. Originality. The technology of processing ovulated sterlet caviar has been scientifically substantiated and experimentally tested. New data on the comparison of the results of classical pasteurization and short-term high-temperature heat treatment of caviar are presented. For the first time, the amino acid composition of sterlet caviar was studied under conditions of recirculated aquaculture systems, and the analysis of grainy caviar for hexachloran and isomers, DDT and metabolites, and polychlorinated biphenyls was carried out. Information on the chemical composition of caviar in the process of technological processing was clarified and supplemented. Practical value. The advantage of the improved technology of processing raw caviar over the classical method of pasteurization was determined. The expediency of using an alternative technology in order to save energy and preserve traditional organoleptic properties, nutritional value and safety of the finished product were experimentally confirmed. On the basis of the results of the studies carried out, the technical documentation of TU «Technological instruction for the production of granular sturgeon caviar» and «Working instruction for the selection of caviar» were developed and agreed in accordance with the established procedure with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance and the State Standard. The developed technology was tested in the development of pilot batches of food sterlet caviar, which made it possible at the «Oasis Bisan» enterprise to introduce a food safety management system and conduct a certification audit by the International certification body TUV SUD for compliance with the International standard ISO 22000: 2005. Commission, the «Oasis Bisan» enterprise received an EU registration number: a-UA-14-20-121-VIII-PP, in connection with which it has the right to export products (sturgeon caviar) to the countries of the European Union. Key words: technology, heat treatment, pasteurization, food caviar, biological value, safety, finished product.
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Vlasova, О., M. Sekun, and M. Zatserkliana. "Toxicology of insecticides — theory, implemented in practice." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 67 (December 20, 2021): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2021.67.98-114.
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Goal. Ecological and toxicological substantiation of improving the chemical protection of agricultural crops and perennial plantations from harmful arthropods based on the updated assortment of insectoacaricides, the properties of chemicals and the characteristics of harmful insect and mite species in the technology of growing strategic crops.
 Methods. The sensitivity of phytophages was investigated on natural populations collectedё on crops of certain crops and determined by various methods of poisoning adopted in toxicology. The coefficient of selectivity of the insecticide in the phytophage — entomophage system was calculated by the ratio CK50 , % a.v. for phytophage to SC50 , % a.v. for an entomophage. The effect of urea on the properties of working solutions of chemical and microbiological preparations was studied in their mixture using special techniques.
 Results. Studies have shown different susceptibility of natural arthropod populations to modern insecticides, which have different selective effects on entomophages. The selectivity factor ranged from 15 to 560. Improved anti-resistance system to protect crops from harmful arthropods. The information on the possibilities of joint application of insecticides of different nature with Urea in a single technological process is generalized, which leads to a significant reduction in the evaporation of drops of solution from the treated surface.
 Conclusions. Expansion of the range of pesticides, especially those with a different mechanism of toxic action, makes it possible to prevent or slow down the development of resistance in arthropods to insecticides. An improved anti-resistance system for protecting agricultural crops from harmful arthropods provides a decrease in the toxic load on the agrocenosis and a reversal of resistance to the initial parameters. Urea is an active anti-evaporation agent for working solutions of insecticides of various nature.
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Kudrinskiy, Alexey, Pavel Zherebin, Alexander Gusev, et al. "New Relevant Descriptor of Linear QNAR Models for Toxicity Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (2020): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081459.
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The use of silver nanoparticles (NPs) in medical, industrial and agricultural fields is becoming more widespread every year. This leads to an increasing number of experimental toxicological and microbiological studies of silver NPs aimed at establishing the risk–benefit ratio for their application. The following key parameters affecting the biological activity of silver dispersions are traditionally taken into consideration: mean diameter of NPs, surface potential of NPs and equilibrium concentration of Ag+. These characteristics are mainly predetermined by the chemical nature of the capping agent used for stabilization. However, the extent to which they influence the biological activity and the toxicity of silver NPs varies greatly. In this work, dispersions of silver NPs stabilized with a wide array of substances of different chemical nature were used for quantitative evaluation of whether the various measurable properties of silver NPs fit as descriptors of linear QNAR (quantitative nanostructure–activity relationship) models for silver NP toxicity evaluation with respect to a model eukaryotic microorganism—Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. It was shown that among the factors that determine silver NP toxicity, the charge of particles, their colloidal stability and the ability to generate Ag+ ions carry more importance than the descriptors related to the particle size. A significant synergistic effect between the ζ-potential and the colloidal stability of silver NPs on their toxicity was also discovered. Following this, a new descriptor has been proposed for the integral characterization of the silver dispersion colloidal stability. According to the obtained data, it can be considered applicable for building QNAR models of higher efficacy. The validity testing of the proposed model for theoretical prediction of silver NP toxicity using a wide range of living organisms has shown that this new descriptor correlates with toxicity much better compared to most traditionally used descriptors. Consequently, it seems promising in terms of being used not only in situations involving the rather narrow array of the objects tested, but also for the construction of silver NP toxicity models with respect to other living organisms.
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Mansuri, Ashiyana, and Sonal Desai. "STANDARDISATION OF PIPALIASAVA-A POLYHERBAL FORMULATION." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 2 (2017): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.14416.
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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pipaliasava is a commercially available traditionally fermented biomedicine containing self-generated alcohol. Pipaliasava was standardised for various physicochemical and toxicological parameters using relevant modern techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pipaliasava was evaluated for organoleptic and various physicochemical properties. Alcohol content was determined by gas chromatography. The formulation was analysed for the presence of microbial contamination by microbial tests and for heavy metals by atomic emission spectroscopy. HPTLC studies were carried out for quantitative determination of gallic acid in ethyl acetate extract of the formulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The formulation was found to be mild acidic. The refractive index was found to be 1.37. The viscosity was found to be 29.2 cp. The solid content was found to be 22.05 % w/v. Water-soluble extractive value and alcohol-soluble extractive value were evaluated to be 31.664 % w/v and 30.424 % w/v. Reducing and non-reducing sugars were found to be 20.08 % w/v and 0.38 % w/v. The content of ethanol was found to be 8.29 % using GC technique. Different extracts of pipaliasava were evaluated for the presence of various phytoconstituents using respective chemical tests. The formulation showed the absence of lead and mercury and permissible levels of arsenic and cadmium. The formulation showed no presence of <em>E. coli, P. </em><em>aerugenosa</em> and<em> S. aureus</em> in the microbiological examination<em>.</em> Gallic acid content in the ethyl acetate extract of pipaliasava was found to be 0.0061 % by HPTLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Marketed pipaliasava formulation was successfully standardized as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and WHO guidelines.</p>
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Valiullin, L. R., E. V. Skvortsov, V. I. Egorov, et al. "Interaction of endophytic microorganisms with respect to cypermethrin." South of Russia: ecology, development 18, no. 2 (2023): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-53-69.
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Aim. Search and selection of microorganisms with active enzymatic properties for possible biodestruction of pyrethroids.Materials and Methods. For effective screening and selection of the most active isolates, for the subsequent development of biotechnological methods for the destruction of pesticides and reduction of their toxicity, samples of the phylosphere and rhizosphere of agricultural crops, food products, etc. were taken. The isolates were evaluated by intracellular metabolism and the production of exoenzymes. The isolated microorganisms were identified on the basis of the "Bergi Bacteria Determinant". Screening of microorganisms for the development of biotechnological methods to reduce the toxicity of ecotoxicants included the following stages: selection of sources, sampling, seeding on a dense medium for isolation of pure culture, replanting of pure culture and investigation of biological properties of isolated strains.Results. In order to search for microorganisms capable of utilising pyrethroids, isolates of microscopic fungi and bacteria were obtained. Of the 23 selected strains, 12 had the widest spectrum of activity, while 5 strains showed the most pronounced and stable antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms at various temperature parameters from 30°C to 42°C (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus). For the selected strains, the environment was optimised to activate cellular metabolic processes. The activity of amylases, proteases, xylanases and cellulases of the fungus Trichoderma, and proteases of L. plantarum, L. lactis, B. subtilis and Propionibacterium was evaluated. Studies of the effect on the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes of various concentrations in the culture medium in the presence of xylan polysaccharides, cellulose, starch and casein protein were carried out.Conclusion. Toxicological studies of the selected isolates and of a composition consisting of these isolates in the form of a culture suspension on the simplest stylonychia were carried out. Biotesting on isolated aquatic microorganisms (Trichoderma, L. plantarum, L. lactis, B. subtilis and Propionibacterium) showed that the percentage of dead infusoria (S. mytilus) in both the experiment and the control showed no significant differences. A microbiological composition has been created that can be used to protect the environment when exposed to toxicants of agrotechnogenic origin. The selected strains were tested for the possibility of biodegradation of pyrethroids using the example of cypermethrin.
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Valerko, R., and L. Romanchuk. "Methodology for assessing the state of environmental safety of drinking water supply in rural residential areas." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 2 (190) (November 28, 2024): 122–30. https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2024-190-2-122-130.
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Ensuring the environmental safety of rural drinking water supplies is a critical issue in modern ecology and water resource management. Ecosystem changes, growing human impact, and inadequate rural infrastructure degrade drinking water quality. Water resources in these regions are often polluted by improper land use, untreated sewage discharge, and excessive agrochemical use. Drinking water quality directly affects public health, making the evaluation of water supply systems essential. The problem is compounded by inadequate monitoring, assessment, and management of water resources in rural areas. This study addresses several important scientific tasks, including developing methods and models for monitoring water’s ecological status, identifying human health risks, and formulating integrated approaches to water quality management. Practical measures include improving water supply infrastructure, drafting recommendations for reducing water source pollution, and enhancing public awareness and participation in water resource conservation. The study aims to develop and substantiate methodological foundations for assessing the ecological safety of rural drinking water supply systems. This approach will facilitate identifying and preventing environmental risks while ensuring acceptable water quality for the population. The key methodological approach for assessing the ecological safety of drinking water supply systems in rural settlements is system analysis, which conceptualises rural water supply as a system with specific input and output parameters. Based on an empirical analysis of rural drinking water supply, a “black box” model of rural water systems was developed. This model includes input factors influencing groundwater quality and criteria for assessing drinking water quality. Influential factors (GQ) were categorized into subsets: agriculture (A), urbanization (U), industrial activity (I), environmental conditions (E), and public ecological awareness (EC). Each subset is further broken down into specific parameters, such as fertilizer use, waste disposal, and hydrological phenomena. The study also defines drinking water quality (QW) using organoleptic, microbiological, and toxicological indicators. Evaluation criteria (ADWQ) include water quality classes, total quality indices, comprehensive pollution coefficients, and Hamming distance metrics for rapid and objective assessments. Research conducted in rural areas of the Zhytomyr region revealed critical nitrate pollution in 59% of water samples, attributed to intensive agricultural practices. A mathematical model for assessing water quality was developed and validated, showing a strong correlation (r = 0.87) between real and predicted data. The study also found a relationship between nitrate content and health risks, highlighting high or critical risk zones, especially for children and infants. The study confirms the utility of systemic, multi-criteria approaches in assessing drinking water quality, particularly in rural areas. The developed methodology facilitates effective decision-making to mitigate health risks and improve water quality, ensuring better access to safe drinking water in rural communities. Keywords: rural water supply, drinking water, system analysis, drinking water quality, nitrates, total iron, public health.
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Burlaka, B. S., and I. F. Bielenichev. "A study on toxicity, local irritative effect of and allergic response to a novel intranasal medication containing N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 23, no. 1 (2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2021.1.224929.
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Development of novel medications for delivery of active ingredients with systemic absorption and high bioavailability is an actual challenge for modern pharmaceutical and medical science. Nowadays, the number of diseases of the central nervous system is continuously growing. These conditions lead to impairment of mnestic and intellectual brain functions, to a decrease in mental alertness and memory in particular, which results in deterioration in the quality of life, sometimes in disability and patients’ partial or complete dependence on other people. The existing variety of nootropics does not fully respond to modern criteria of clinical science and practice due to insufficient effectiveness and neuroavailability. Recently, scientists have drawn attention to the potential of intranasal administration for delivery of active ingredients with systemic effect to human blood flow. Intranasal administration for delivery of active ingredients will enhance neuroavailability and, thus, a therapeutic effect of drugs. At the Departments of Medicines Technology, Pharmacology and Medical Formulation of ZSMU, a composition of the novel medication containing N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester for intranasal delivery was developed as the result of complex physical and chemical, microbiological and biopharmaceutical experiments. The medication contains 1 % of N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester, 5 % of Glycerin and Poltava Bischofite (standardized solution prepared at the Department of Medicines Technology of ZSMU), Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution and Tween 80 (1 %). Given the above, the urgent task is to study some safety parameters of the developed dosage form. The aim of the research is to study some toxicological parameters, local irritative effect of and allergic response to an effective dose of created medication containing N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester for intranasal delivery. Materials and methods. The created medications for intranasal delivery were used as materials for each test. These medications contained N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester (Noopept) 1 %, Glycerin and standardized Poltava Bischofite (5 % each), Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, and Tween 80 (1 %). N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester (CAS №157115-85-0, obtained from Shijiazhuang Prosperity Import and Export Co., Ltd., China. Purity: ≥98 %), Poltava Bischofite (standardized solution prepared at the Department of Medicines Technology of ZSMU), Polysorbate 80 (obtained from Limited liability company “Synbias”, Kyiv), Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (obtained from Limited liability company “Synbias”, Kyiv), Glycerin (obtained from Limited liability company “Synbias”, Kyiv), Benzalkonium chloride (obtained from Limited liability company “Istok-Plus”, Zaporizhzhia). A study of acute toxicity, allergic response and irritating effect on skin, and cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction was conducted on white rats. Local irritative effect (Conjunctival allergen provocation test, CAPT) of created medication containing N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester for intranasal delivery was determined on guinea pigs in accordance with recommendations of the State Pharmacological Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and other recommendations. Results were statistically processed by means of the standard statistical package of the licensed program Statistica for Windows 13 (StatSoft Inc., № JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J). For all analysis types the P-value <0.05 (95 %) was considered statistically significant. Results. One-time intranasal delivery of the maximum allowable volume of the medication under research (0.4 ml) to the rats weighing 100 g in a dose of 40 mg/kg did not result in death of any of 6 animals of the experimental group overnight. In the course of studying potential local irritative effect of the intranasal gel containing N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester, two experimental animals out of 10 developed a slight reddening of the conjunctiva immediately after the administration. No changes in mucous membrane of the eyes were observed in other eight experimental animals. Daily application of the studied medication for intranasal delivery (0.5 g) to a shaved area of the lateral surface of the animals’ bodies (4 × 4 cm) during 5 days, and consequent one-time application of the intranasal gel containing N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester (0.3 g), did not result in anaphylactic shock development. No visible reactions were detected in the experimental animals after 20 more skin applications of the intranasal gel containing N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester during 4 weeks (5 times per week). The skin area exposed to application in animals of the control and experimental groups looked the same. Conclusions. Complex studies of some toxicological parameters (such as mortality, dynamics of body weight change, local irritative effect and allergic response to the effective dose of a novel medication containing N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester for intranasal delivery) have been performed. Summarizing obtained results, it can be confirmed that the medication under study does not cause any local irritative effect and allergic response and does not demonstrate general toxic effects in case of its intranasal delivery. Thus, further research of the novel medication containing N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester for intranasal administration has a potential perspective.
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Victoriya, GNITSEVYCH, and VASYLIEVA Olena. "TECHNOLOGY OF SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS BASED ONJETUSALEM ARTICHOKE AND DOGWOOD." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 36, no. 4 (2020): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2020(36)08.
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Background. The production of food products using non-traditional plant raw materials, due to the high content of BAS, minerals and vitamins in their composition, allows significantly increase their nutritional value, rational use of local plants, expand the range of special foods. Such raw materials include Jerusalem artichoke and dogwood. However, the existing processing technologies do not allow to fully realize their general functional and technological potential. The aim of the workis to develop the technology of semi-finished product obtained with the use of Jerusalem artichoke and dogwood puree and to determine the quality and safetyindicatorsof the obtained product. Materials and methods. Jerusalem artichoke tubers of the "Ideal" variety and dogwood (Cornusmas L.) were used. The total chemical composition of the studied products is determined by standard methods.Toxicological research was performed by atomic absorption method.Radiological parameters were determined by gamma-spectrometric method. Microbiological parameters of the semi-finished product during storage were investigated by sowing method. Results. The technological scheme of the semi-finished product based on Jerusalem artichoke is given.The technology involves mechanical cooking of Jerusalem artichokes and dogwood, their hydrothermal treatment, grinding, mixing in a certain ratio and hydrothermal treatment of the mixture. It was found that the addition of dogwood puree allows to increase the total flavonoid content by eight times compared to Jerusalem artichoke puree. The main macronutrients are Copper, Calcium, Manganese, the number of which predominates. In contrast to background of these elements, the content of Chromium is negligible. In the ash part there are trace elements, among which Ferrum plays an important role. The results of toxicological and radiological research showed that the semi-finished product meets the requirements of regulatory documentation. The method of preserving the semi-finished product by high pressure is recommended, which will ensure its microbiological safety for 30 days. Conclusion. According to the results of experimental research, it was determined that the addition of dogwood puree to Jerusalem artichokepuree in the productionof semi-finished products allows to increase the content of biologically active nutrients in the product, in particular flavonoids. The obtained semi-finished product is toxicologically safe. The use of high pressure as a method of preserving fruit raw materials is effective. The processingat values of pressure 500 MPa, temperature 25 ºC, for 15 ∙ 60 s, at which the semi-finished product meets the medical and biological requirements and sanitary standards of quality of food raw materials and food products for 30 days of storage, is the most effective. Prospects for further research are to determine the possibility of using the semi-finished product for the production of structured dessert and sauce products, especially for the category of special purpose products.
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Adácsi, Cintia, Szilvia Kovács, István Pócsi, Zoltán Győri, Zsuzsanna Dombrádi, and Tünde Pusztahelyi. "Microbiological and Toxicological Evaluation of Fermented Forages." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (2022): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030421.
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Several feed preservation methods can ensure lower mycotoxin contamination levels enter the food life cycle, and a relatively common wet preservation method of forage plant materials is fermentation. This study aimed to characterize the microbiological state and mycotoxin contamination of fermented silages and haylages (corn, alfalfa, rye, and triticale), their main microbiota, and isolation of bacteria with mycotoxin resistance. Bacteria that remain viable throughout the fermentation process and possess high mycotoxin resistance can have a biotechnological benefit. Lactic acid bacteria, primarily found in corn silage, were Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolates. Meanwhile, a high percentage of alfalfa silage and haylage was characterized by Lactiplantibacillus pentosus. In rye silage and haylage samples, Pediococci were the typical bacteria. Bacterial isolates were characterized by deoxynivalenol and zearalenon resistance. Some of them were sensitive to aflatoxin B1, while ochratoxin A caused 33–86% growth inhibition of the cultures. The mycotoxin resistant organisms are under further research, aiming for mycotoxin elimination in feed.
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Vitullo, M., G. Ripabelli, I. Fanelli, M. Tamburro, S. Delfine, and M. L. Sammarco. "Microbiological and toxicological quality of dried herbs." Letters in Applied Microbiology 52, no. 6 (2011): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03040.x.
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Martikainen, Maria-Viola, Tarleena Tossavainen, Martin Täubel, Kirsi Wolczkiewicz, Anna Lähde, and Marjut Roponen. "Toxicological and microbiological characterization of cow stable dust." Toxicology in Vitro 75 (September 2021): 105202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105202.
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Gutarowska, Beata, Justyna Szulc, Adriana Nowak, et al. "Dust at Various Workplaces—Microbiological and Toxicological Threats." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5 (2018): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050877.
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Říha, V., K. Nymburská, R. Tichy, and J. Tříska. "Microbiological, chemical and toxicological characterization of contaminated sites in Czechoslovakia." Science of The Total Environment 134 (January 1993): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(05)80018-x.
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Djurdjević, B., M. Pajić, V. Polaček, et al. "Pathological, microbiological and toxicological findings in an eastern imperial eagle." Journal of Comparative Pathology 203 (May 2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.03.053.
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Castello, Annamaria, Vincenzina Alio, Gaetano Cammilleri, et al. "Microbiological and Toxicological Investigations on Bivalve Molluscs Farmed in Sicily." Foods 13, no. 4 (2024): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13040552.
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Bivalves can concentrate biological and chemical pollutants, causing foodborne outbreaks whose occurrence is increasing, due to climatic and anthropic factors that are difficult to reverse, hence the need for improved surveillance. This study aimed to evaluate the hygienic qualities of bivalves sampled along the production and distribution chain in Sicily and collect useful data for consumer safety. Bacteriological and molecular analyses were performed on 254 samples of bivalves for the detection of enteropathogenic Vibrio, Arcobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp., and beta-glucuronidase-positive Escherichia coli. A total of 96 out of 254 samples, collected in the production areas, were processed for algal biotoxins and heavy metals detection. Bacterial and algal contaminations were also assessed for 21 samples of water from aquaculture implants. Vibrio spp., Arcobacter spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli were detected in 106/254, 79/254, 12/254, 16/254, and 95/254 molluscs, respectively. A total of 10/96 bivalves tested positive for algal biotoxins, and metals were under the legal limit. V. alginolyticus, A. butzleri, and E. coli were detected in 5, 3, and 3 water samples, respectively. Alexandrium minutum, Dinophysis acuminata, Lingulodinium polyedra, and Pseudonitzschia spp. were detected in water samples collected with the biotoxin-containing molluscs. Traces of yessotoxins were detected in molluscs from water samples containing the corresponding producing algae. Despite the strict regulation by the European Commission over shellfish supply chain monitoring, our analyses highlighted the need for efficiency improvement.
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Olena, Bogatyrova, and Olha Naboka. "Study of chronic toxicity of narrow-leaved lavender extracts: influence on functional status and laboratory indicators of rats." Annals of Mechnikov Institute, no. 4 (December 4, 2024): 23–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14274801.
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<strong>Introduction. </strong>Despite the widespread use of chemotherapeutic drugs, medicinal plants continue to maintain the scientific interest of today's pharmacologists. In order to saturate the domestic pharmaceutical sector with affordable phytopreparations of a wide spectrum of action, scientists of the National Pharmaceutical University (postgraduate student Gurina V.O. under the supervision of Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor Georgiyants V.A.) obtained extracts of narrow-leaved lavender containing biologically active substances: terpenoids (linalool, linalyl acetate and traces of 1,8-cineole), flavonoids (hyperoside, isoquercitrin) and hydroxycinnamic acids (rosmarinic, chlorogenic). As a result of experimental microbiological tests, it was established that the herb of narrow-leaved lavender of Ukrainian origin is a promising and affordable source of potential antimicrobial active pharmaceutical ingredients. Also, based on the results of studying the acute toxicity of narrow-leaved lavender extracts when administered intragastrically to white mice, conclusions were drawn that allowed the studied test samples to be classified as class V of practically non-toxic substances (LD<sub>50</sub>>5000 mg/kg). <strong>The</strong><strong> </strong><strong>aim</strong><strong> </strong><strong>of</strong><strong> </strong><strong>the</strong><strong> </strong><strong>work</strong><strong>. </strong>Experimental study of the toxicological properties of extracts of <em>L.</em><em> angustifolia</em> (chronic toxicity) to substantiate the safety of use in clinical practice. <strong>Materials and methods. </strong>The objects of the study were experimental test samples: No. 1 - extract of narrow-leaved lavender obtained by extraction with purified water; No. 2 - extract of narrow-leaved lavender obtained by extraction with a water-ethanol solution (40% ethanol); No. 3 - extract of narrow-leaved lavender obtained by extraction with a water-ethanol solution (70% ethanol). Test samples of narrow-leaved lavender were used at a dose of 100 mg/kg, which corresponds to 1/50 of the LD<sub>50</sub> of the experimental agents, which was determined at the previous stage of the study. Chronic toxicity studies of narrow-leaved lavender extracts were conducted on 48 white non-linear rats of both sexes with an initial weight of 170-190 g with daily intragastric administration for 90 days. In the collected urine, general properties (colour, transparency, pH, density), total protein content (by reaction with sulfosalicylic acid), glucose content (by glucose oxidase method) and urinary sediment were determined. Then, a complete laboratory blood test was performed using general scientific haematological methods and the following were determined: haemoglobin and erythrocyte content, colour index, leukocyte content, leukocyte formula, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Creatinine content (by reaction with picric acid) in blood and urine was determined. Endogenous creatinine clearance was calculated to assess the glomerular filtration rate. In the blood serum of rats, the urea content (diacetylmonooxime method), total protein (biuret method), glucose content (glucose oxidase method), ALT and AST activity (Reitman-Frankel method), bilirubin content (Jendrassik-Grof method), cholesterol content (modified Liebermann-Burchard method) were determined. The significance of differences between samples was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis method and the Mann-Whitney test in comparison with the intact control group. <strong>Results and discussion.</strong> According to the results of experimental studies, it was found that intragastric administration of lavender test samples in selected doses throughout the entire observation period did not have a significant negative effect on the general condition, condition of the skin and mucous membranes and behaviour of rats. During the experiment, no case of animal mortality was registered. All indicators of the body weight of rats were within the physiological norm for this age group. On the 45th and 90th day of the study, no statistically significant effect of the extracts was registered relative to the intact group on the indicators of spontaneous daily diuresis, specific gravity and pH of the urine of animals. The use of narrow-leaved lavender test samples did not have a significant effect on the indicators of the level of glucosuria in rats of all experimental groups, while this indicator was not determined by generally accepted methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, which is within the physiological norm. During the analysis of the urinary sediment of animals receiving narrow-leaved lavender extracts, no signs of urinary syndrome and pathophysiological changes in the ratios of formed elements were detected. The content of erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelium, and cylinders was within the physiological norm, and at the level of intact animals, it was 0-3 in the field of view. With prolonged use of narrow-leaved lavender test samples, no statistically significant effect was observed on nitrogen metabolism and biochemical blood parameters in animals. Fluctuations in blood urea and creatinine were within the physiological norm. All studied parameters: glucose, total protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, AlAT and AsAT activity in the intact and experimental groups are within the range of normal values for rats and do not exceed the physiological norm. This indicates that lavender test samples in the studied doses with intragastric administration do not affect the parameters characterizing the functional state of the liver and kidneys of rats. During the study, no toxic effect was recorded on the parameters of peripheral blood of rats. In the leukocyte formula of rats of the experimental groups under the influence of chronic use of narrow-leaved lavender test samples, the percentage ratio of different forms of leukocytes also corresponded to intact animals and did not differ from the normal values. The only exception can be considered to be the increase in the content of rod-shaped neutrophils under the influence of test sample No. 2 as of day 90 of the study, which probably exceeds the intact level but, despite this, is within the physiological norm for rats. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>With chronic (90 days) intragastric administration, test samples of <em>L. angustifolia</em> at a dose of 100 mg/kg do not cause death in rats. It has been established that under conditions of chronic use, test samples of narrow-leaved lavender do not have a toxic effect on the general condition, behaviour and dynamics of body weight, do not cause significant differences in laboratory test parameters of urine and blood, and practically do not affect the functional state of the urinary and hepatobiliary systems of animals.
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Szulc, Justyna, Małgorzata Okrasa, Katarzyna Majchrzycka, et al. "Microbiological and Toxicological Hazards in Sewage Treatment Plant Bioaerosol and Dust." Toxins 13, no. 10 (2021): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13100691.
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Despite the awareness that work in the sewage treatment plant is associated with biological hazards, they have not been fully recognised so far. The research aims to comprehensively evaluate microbiological and toxicological hazards in the air and settled dust in workstations in a sewage treatment plant. The number of microorganisms in the air and settled dust was determined using the culture method and the diversity was evaluated using high-throughput sequencing. Endotoxin concentration was assessed with GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) while secondary metabolites with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry). Moreover, cytotoxicity of settled dust against a human lung epithelial lung cell line was determined with the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and UHPLC-Q-ToF-UHRMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry) analysis was performed to determine the source of cytotoxicity. The total dust concentration in the sewage treatment plant was low and ranged from 0.030 mg m−3 to 0.044 mg m−3. The highest microbiological contamination was observed in sludge thickening building and screenings storage. Three secondary metabolites were detected in the air and sixteen in the settled dust. They were dominated by compounds typical of lichen and plants and Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera mould. The settled dust from the sludge thickening building revealed high cytotoxicity to human lung epithelial cells A-549 (IC50 = 6.98 after 72 h). This effect can be attributed to a biocidal compound—didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC-C10) and seven toxic compounds: 4-hydroxynonenal, carbofuran, cerulenin, diethylphosphate, fenpropimorph, naphthalene and onchidal. The presence of DDAC-C10 and other biocidal substances in the sewage treatment plant environment may bring negative results for biological sewage treatment and the natural environment in the future and contribute to microorganisms’ increasing antibiotics resistance. Therefore, the concentration of antibiotics, pesticides and disinfectants in sewage treatment plant workstations should be monitored.