Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microclimates

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Microclimates'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Microclimates"

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Kim, Heechul, and Sungjo Hong. "Differences in the Influence of Microclimate on Pedestrian Volume According to Land-Use." Land 10, no. 1 (2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010037.

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Identifying how the urban environment affects pedestrian volume is a traditional urban planning topic. Recently, because of climate change and air pollution, interest in the effects of urban microclimates has been increasing. However, it is unclear whether the effects of microclimate on pedestrian volume can vary depending on the urban environment. This study determines whether microclimate’s influence on pedestrian volume differs according to land-use in the urban environment in Seoul, Korea. We constructed eight models with microclimate factors (temperature, precipitation, and PM10) as independent variables, using pedestrian volume as the dependent variable. We classified the models according to season and land-use and conducted a negative binomial regression analysis. The results confirmed that the effect of microclimate on pedestrian volume varies by land-use. A summary of the results is as follows. First, residential areas had more microclimate factors that significantly affected pedestrian volume compared to commercial areas. Second, for microclimate variables that had significant influences in commercial areas, the size of their influence was greater in commercial than in residential areas. Third, the influence of microclimatic factors on pedestrian volume in mixed-use areas has intermediate characteristics between residential and commercial areas.
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Guan, Biing T., Shih-Hao Weng, Shing-Rong Kuo, Tsung-Yi Chang, Hsin-Wu Hsu, and Chieh-Wen Shen. "Analyzing the effects of stand thinning on microclimates with semiparametric smoothing splines." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 7 (2006): 1641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-057.

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Monitoring the effects of stand thinning on microclimates is an integral part of any thinning experiment. It is through its modifications of microclimates that thinning alters important ecological processes. An efficient analysis of microclimate-monitoring data should address both the effects of thinning regimes on, and the temporal response trends of, microclimates. Probably because of the difficulties in modeling temporal trends parametrically, an examination of the existing literature on thinning showed that only a few studies have attempted to address the second aspect. We propose the use of semiparametric smoothing splines to analyze monitoring data from thinning experiments. First, the concept of a smoothing spline is briefly described. We then provide an example in which semiparametric mixed-effects smoothing-spline models were used to analyze microclimate-monitoring data from a thinning experiment. The proposed approach not only successfully detected the effects of thinning, but also revealed interesting temporal trends. For each of the microclimatic variables, we also compared the performance of the fitted semiparametric model with that of a parametric model. In general, the semiparametric model performed better than its parametric counterpart. We also addresse some concerns in using the proposed approach.
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Stewart, James E., Ilya M. D. Maclean, Alice J. Edney, Jon Bridle, and Robert J. Wilson. "Microclimate and resource quality determine resource use in a range-expanding herbivore." Biology Letters 17, no. 8 (2021): 20210175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0175.

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The consequences of climate change for biogeographic range dynamics depend on the spatial scales at which climate influences focal species directly and indirectly via biotic interactions. An overlooked question concerns the extent to which microclimates modify specialist biotic interactions, with emergent properties for communities and range dynamics. Here, we use an in-field experiment to assess egg-laying behaviour of a range-expanding herbivore across a range of natural microclimatic conditions. We show that variation in microclimate, resource condition and individual fecundity can generate differences in egg-laying rates of almost two orders of magnitude in an exemplar species, the brown argus butterfly ( Aricia agestis ). This within-site variation in fecundity dwarfs variation resulting from differences in average ambient temperatures among populations. Although higher temperatures did not reduce female selection for host plants in good condition, the thermal sensitivities of egg-laying behaviours have the potential to accelerate climate-driven range expansion by increasing egg-laying encounters with novel hosts in increasingly suitable microclimates. Understanding the sensitivity of specialist biotic interactions to microclimatic variation is, therefore, critical to predict the outcomes of climate change across species' geographical ranges, and the resilience of ecological communities.
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Houseal, G. A., and B. E. Olson. "Cattle use of microclimates on a northern latitude winter range." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, no. 4 (1995): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas95-076.

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Grazing native range can help lower costs of wintering livestock. However, extreme cold and wind can negatively affect an animal's thermal balance, increasing energy demand when the nutritive value of the forage is low. Free-ranging cattle (Bos taunts) may exploit differences in topography and microclimate to minimize or avoid environmental stressors such as high winds and cold temperatures. Cattle selection of microclimates in response to cold stress was studied over a 6-wk period for two consecutive winters. The objective of this study was to determine if cows respond to extreme wind and cold by selecting moderate microclimates for foraging. Cattle selected moderate microclimates for grazing and resting to avoid high winds and cold temperatures. They also tended to remain in microclimates above their lower critical temperature (LCT) of −23 °C, even though reference climate conditions often were below their LCT. The availability of moderate microclimates in a pasture may allow cows to continue grazing, thus maintaining intake, even when general conditions might otherwise cause them to defer from grazing. Key words: Behavior, winter ecology, Bos taunts, microclimates, thermoneutral
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Brown, Nick. "The implications of climate and gap microclimate for seedling growth conditions in a Bornean lowland rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 2 (1993): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007136.

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ABSTRACTPresent theories of tropical rain forest regeneration dynamics suggest that different tree species specialize on the microclimates of different sizes of canopy gap. A detailed analysis of the microclimates of closed forest and 10 canopy gaps of different sizes was carried out in lowland dipterocarp rain forest, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. It reveals that gaps exhibit considerable spatial and temporal variation in microclimate. As a consequence the relationship between microclimate and gap sizes is not simple. Gaps of the same size do not necessarily have the same microclimate and may favour the growth of different seedling species. Chance location and timing of gap creation play an important role in regeneration dynamics.
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Pieters, Olivier, Emiel Deprost, Jonas Van Der Van Der Donckt, et al. "MIRRA: A Modular and Cost-Effective Microclimate Monitoring System for Real-Time Remote Applications." Sensors 21, no. 13 (2021): 4615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134615.

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Monitoring climate change, and its impacts on ecological, agricultural, and other societal systems, is often based on temperature data derived from official weather stations. Yet, these data do not capture most microclimates, influenced by soil, vegetation and topography, operating at spatial scales relevant to the majority of organisms on Earth. Detecting and attributing climate change impacts with confidence and certainty will only be possible by a better quantification of temperature changes in forests, croplands, mountains, shrublands, and other remote habitats. There is an urgent need for a novel, miniature and simple device filling the gap between low-cost devices with manual data download (no instantaneous data) and high-end, expensive weather stations with real-time data access. Here, we develop an integrative real-time monitoring system for microclimate measurements: MIRRA (Microclimate Instrument for Real-time Remote Applications) to tackle this problem. The goal of this platform is the design of a miniature and simple instrument for near instantaneous, long-term and remote measurements of microclimates. To that end, we optimised power consumption and transfer data using a cellular uplink. MIRRA is modular, enabling the use of different sensors (e.g., air and soil temperature, soil moisture and radiation) depending upon the application, and uses an innovative node system highly suitable for remote locations. Data from separate sensor modules are wirelessly sent to a gateway, thus avoiding the drawbacks of cables. With this sensor technology for the long-term, low-cost, real-time and remote sensing of microclimates, we lay the foundation and open a wide range of possibilities to map microclimates in different ecosystems, feeding a next generation of models. MIRRA is, however, not limited to microclimate monitoring thanks to its modular and wireless design. Within limits, it is suitable or any application requiring real-time data logging of power-efficient sensors over long periods of time. We compare the performance of this system to a reference system in real-world conditions in the field, indicating excellent correlation with data collected by established data loggers. This proof-of-concept forms an important foundation to creating the next version of MIRRA, fit for large scale deployment and possible commercialisation. In conclusion, we developed a novel wireless cost-effective sensor system for microclimates.
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Lunghi, Enrico, Raoul Manenti, and Gentile Francesco Ficetola. "Cave features, seasonality and subterranean distribution of non-obligate cave dwellers." PeerJ 5 (May 10, 2017): e3169. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3169.

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Seasonality impacts species distributions through changes of the environmental conditions that affect the presence of individuals at a given place. Although the dynamics of cave microclimates are well known, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of such dynamics on non-strictly cave species. Here we assessed if species exploiting subterranean environments show changes in habitat occupation related to seasonal variation of cave microclimates. We surveyed 16 caves in central Italy every month for one year. Caves were subdivided into longitudinal sectors of three meters. In each sector we measured cave morphology and microclimatic features, assessed the occurrence of eight non-troglobitic taxa (orthopterans, spiders, gastropods and amphibians), and related species distribution to environmental features and sampling periods. The occurrence of most species was related to both cave morphology and microclimatic features. The survey month was the major factor determining the presence of species in cave sectors, indicating that cave-dwelling taxa show strong seasonality in activity and distribution. For multiple species, we detected interactions between sampling period and microclimatic features, suggesting that species may associate with different microhabitats throughout the year. The richest communities were found in sites with specific microclimates (i.e., high humidity, warm temperature and low light) but seasonality for species richness was strong as well, stressing the complexity of interactions between outdoor and subterranean environments.
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Hadas, Rachel. "Mysterious Microclimates." New England Review 42, no. 2 (2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2021.0044.

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Smith, H. G., J. Hughes, and S. J. Moore. "Growth of Antarctic and temperate terrestrial Protozoa under fluctuating temperature regimes." Antarctic Science 2, no. 4 (1990): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410209000044x.

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Population growth rates of Antarctic and temperate isolates of the microflagellate Heteromita globosa Stein and of the ciliate Colpoda cucullus Müller were determined during incubation both under constant 3.5° and 8.0°C, and under temperature regimes fluctuating on 24-hour cycles, between 0° and 15°C, to simulate Antarctic microclimates. Fluctuating temperatures did not inhibit growth. No growth of Colpoda occurred at 3.5°C. It is suggested that successful growth in nature depends upon the microclimate providing sufficient degree-hours per day above encystment/excystment threshold temperature (+1.5°C for Heteromita about +4°C for Colpoda). The minimum number of degree-hours above threshold needed for growth of Colpoda is estimated to lie between 48 and 96. Monitored microclimates in the maritime Antarctic do not provide enough degree-hours per day, though subantarctic microclimates are more favourable, as may be exceptionally warm localities in the continental Antarctic where daily insolation is high in summer. These data are consistent with the recorded presence of Colpoda spp. in the subantarctic and rarely in the continental Antarctic, and their absence from the maritime Antarctic.
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Wong, Paulina P. Y. "A Microclimate Study of Traffic and Pedestrianization Scenarios in a Densely Populated Urban City." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (January 31, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8741049.

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Urban streets are known to have a significant role in creating urban microclimates. This study aims to empirically quantify temporal and spatial microclimate variation within the same street configurations with pedestrian schemes. To evaluate the urban microclimates at the pedestrian level, a detailed monitoring project was performed at five representative locations near intersections, within a busy street canyon of the typical urban community in a densely populated urban city. Monitoring was done for warm and cool seasons. A strong, significant correlation (p<0.01) was found under multiple time scenarios (traffic, nontraffic, and as a whole) and for both seasons. These findings suggest that the average urban daily temperature was not significantly reduced when there was no vehicular traffic present, whereas pedestrian activity contributed to urban heat regardless of the season. These findings provide an essential foundation for further studies on urban microclimates within pedestrianized areas and will likely lead to better urban design and policy management, especially concerning thermal comfort and Quality of Life at the pedestrian level.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microclimates"

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Doty, Tamera J. "Microclimates and human comfort : cooling urban setting through design and manipulation of microclimatic factors." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845973.

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The goal of this creative project was to develop a unit to be incorporated into an environmental education general studies course at Ball State University. The unit was developed as a hands-on experience activity manual.The goals of the unit were:1. to increase student awareness of the effect vegetation and water have on human comfort in the urban environment.2. to engage students in hands-on activities that relate methods for manipulating the microclimate of a space.3. to develop a pre-test/post-test containing questions which relate to the activity topics and which determine the topic knowledge of students.The manual contains an introduction, four section activities and activity subsectionexercises to combine all techniques learned in the four activity sections. Each of the four sections contain a list of objectives for the activity, explanatory text, an activity procedure, and discussion questions. Illustrations accompany the manual in order to augment the learning process for each activity.<br>Department of Landscape Architecture
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Crawford, James Bruce. "Atmospheric microclimates : damaging & protecting indoor cultural heritage materials." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87502/.

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This thesis in applied physics analyzes and solves problems regarding destructive and protective atmospheric microclimates in order to slow down the deterioration of indoor cultural heritage materials. Fresh approaches to two longstanding areas of concern are made in laboratory studies with a view to future field testing and evaluation by heritage conservation practitioners and museum display case manufacturers. Methods used for observing and analysing materials are macrophotography, optical microscopy, metallography, image analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Structural engineering methods comprise geometric surveys and compression and deflection tests. Airtightness measurement techniques were tracer gas decay and pressure decay. Investigations into the corrosion of lead by oak-emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) revealed the presence of a rarely reported crystalline phase which was confirmed to be associated with modern oak. The morphology and composition of the observed products of corrosion were almost identical to those found in field environments, but differed in specific ways to prior laboratory studies which used synthetic or oak-emitted VOCs. Five novel surface protection treatments using materials derived from ethanolic solutions of high molecular weight carboxylic acids (CH3(CH2)n-2COOH; n = 10, 12, 14, 16 or 18) were tested atmospherically for five years. Hexadecanoic (n = 16) and octadecanoic acid (n = 18) treatments inhibited corrosion of lead exposed to oak VOCs by up to ≈60%. These effective treatment materials showed lamellar morphologies similar to those made from aqueous solutions of lower molecular weight carboxylic acids (n = 10 or 11). In contrast, two materials with non-lamellar morphologies made from ethanolic decanoic acid (n = 10) and tetradecanoic acid (n = 14) were found to increase corrosion. Inspections of industry-made medium-sized (≈1 m3 ) museum display cases with doors located systematic leaks in sorbent compartments, around exhibit compartment doors and in ceilings: providing vertical leakage circuits driven by stack pressures (˜0.1 Pa). A walk-in test chamber with a custom-designed tracer gas and environmental monitoring system was made to evaluate three devices for passively controlling airtightness on a pair of display cases. Airtightness of the cases was increased by 7 to 13 times. Despite remaining leaks in the ceilings, the cases reached or went beyond the microbarometric limit; due to new pressure-proofed sorbent compartments and novel convex gaskets for the compliant unframed exhibit compartment doors; solving leakage caused by restorative forces imposed by gaskets. The greatest airtightness (0.013±0.004 air exchanges daily) was achieved by a case retrofitted with a pair of high compliance bellows (Δ±2 Pa) with high conductance pipework, while being subjected to temperature cycling (Δ+2°C daily) and natural barometric pressure fluctuations. A formula derived from Ohm’s Law to evaluate the minimum required airway resistance of gaps in display cases was proposed as a new way to calculate, and then measure, the capability of a case to have its airtightness increased by installing bellows.
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Latif, Zulkiflee Abd. "Modelling microclimates in broadleaved deciduous forests using remotely-sensed data." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578259.

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In temperate forests, wind throw often creates canopy gaps which can dramatically change the micro climate and soil water balance. The main focus of this thesis is to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of the microclimatic conditions in gaps and the sub-canopy in broadleaved deciduous forests. This was achieved by applying a combination of numerical modelling and remote sensing techniques. An analysis of the effects of canopy gap size on microclimate and soil water content was conducted in a semi-natural broadleaved deciduous forest, Eaves Wood, located in North West England. The results showed that solar radiation, air temperature, soil temperature and soil water content significantly increased with gap size; air humidity was consistently lower in gaps than the sub-canopy but did not vary with gap size. However, the variability of wind speed could not be explained by the presence or size of gaps. A spatially explicit model of forest gap microclimate and soil water balance, FORGAP-BD (FORest GAP - Broadleaved Deciduous) was developed based on previous reviewed literatures and field measurements. The spatial input variables for FORGAP-BD such as leaf area index, land surface elevation, gap and canopy properties and canopy radiation extinction coefficient were derived from LiDAR and multi spectral remotely sensed data. A preliminary study demonstrated the effectiveness of combining numerical modelling and remote sensing approaches for analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of forest microclimate and soil water balance. Refinements were made to the methodologies for extracting canopy and gap properties using LiDAR and multi spectral data, in order to improve the gap microclimate and soil water content simulations. The outputs of the FORGAP-BD model were then validated using in situ data collected at Eaves Wood, U.K. The results demonstrated that FORGAP-BD driven by remotely-sensed inputs was able to accurately simulate the diurnal fluctuations and spatial distribution of solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and soil water content across the study site. Multi-temporal LiDAR data were used to characterise the dynamics of gaps over a ten year period for a broadleaved deciduous forest, Frame Wood, U.K. The dominance of the process of gap contraction by lateral crown expansion was revealed. The spatial outputs from the multi-temporal remotely-sensed data were used to drive the FORGAP-BD model in order to assess the influence of gap dynamics on micro climate. The effects of different types of gap and canopy change were examined. Importantly, by linking gap properties and their influences upon microclimates this research has generated a potentially valuable tool for understanding the consequences of gap dynamics on a range of abiotic and biotic properties and processes. Hence, the approach developed here provides the basis on which to assess the implications of forestry and conservation practices and natural or anthropogenic disturbances in temperate forest ecosystems.
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David, Priscilla Laceda Duarte [UNESP]. "Avaliação da qualidade térmica de espaços de transição do tipo linear externo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138005.

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Submitted by Priscilla Lacerda Duarte David null (pridavid@gmail.com) on 2016-04-18T17:32:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 3221424 bytes, checksum: eae44cc8b6d04e771aaafa4496e5e231 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-19T14:16:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 david_pld_me_bauru.pdf: 3221424 bytes, checksum: eae44cc8b6d04e771aaafa4496e5e231 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-19T14:16:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 david_pld_me_bauru.pdf: 3221424 bytes, checksum: eae44cc8b6d04e771aaafa4496e5e231 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19<br>Essa pesquisa investiga as relações entre a qualidade térmica dos espaços de transição com os seus atributos físicos e condições térmicas do entorno imediato, a partir de levantamentos microclimáticos em oito espaços de transição do tipo linear externo e nos espaços internos e externos a eles associados, em condições de tempo quente. Os espaços escolhidos estão inseridos em um ambiente universitário na cidade de Bauru-SP e, por estarem localizados em edifícios de salas de aula, constituem em importantes ambientes de convívio de estudantes. Para verificar a influência dos atributos projetuais, foram definidos parâmetros de avaliação (intensidade da radiação solar incidente, obstrução do entorno, relação altura (H) e largura (W) e desempenho térmico da cobertura) e indicadores para cada um desses quatro parâmetros (de peso 0,25), distribuídos em um escala semântica variando de 0-péssimo, 0,25-ruim, 0,50-regular, 0,75-bom e 1-ótimo. Assim, foi criada uma metodologia para avaliar a qualidade térmica dos espaços de transição do tipo linear externo, que foi aplicada aos espaços estudados, para identificar quais parâmetros contribuem positiva ou negativamente para a qualidade térmica de cada. Essa metodologia permite elencar os melhores indicadores para uma avaliação positiva para os espaços de transição e os que devem ser evitados. No entanto, a qualidade microclimática dos ambientes externos adjacentes aos de transição são decisivos para uma ótima avaliação térmica. Os resultados evidenciam que a qualidade térmica dos espaços de transição é influenciada por alguns atributos projetuais e também pelas características de obstrução do entorno, além da qualidade microclimática do entorno imediato. A pesquisa também comprovou o papel amenizador microclimático e das condições de conforto térmico, calculados por meio do índice PET e, assim, reforçou resultados obtidos em estudos abordados na revisão bibliográfica. Espera-se que essa pesquisa possa contribuir para subsidiar intervenções projetuais nos espaços avaliados; contribuir para o projeto de novos espaços de transição, além de incentivar o desenvolvimento de estudos similares em outros contextos climáticos e em diferentes condições de tempo.<br>This research investigates the relationship between the thermal quality of transitional spaces and their physical attributes, and the thermal conditions of their immediate surroundings. The study was based on microclimatic data monitoring conducted in warm weather conditions in eight linear, external transitional spaces, and in the internal and external spaces associated with them. The spaces selected are located at a university setting in the city of Bauru-SP; and because they are within classroom buildings, these spaces represent important environments for student interaction. In order to verify the influence of project attributes, evaluation parameters (solar radiation intensity, obstruction of surroundings, height (H) and width (W), and thermal performance of the roof), and indicators for each of these four parameters were set and distributed in a semantic scale that varied from 0-very bad, 0.25-bad, 0.50average, 0.75-good, to 1-very good. This way, a methodology was created to evaluate the thermal quality of linear external transitional spaces, and applied to the spaces studied to identify which parameters contribute positively or negatively to the thermal quality of each one. This methodology allows for the classification of the best indicators, as well as the ones that should be avoided, for a positive evaluation of the transitional spaces. The results reveal that the thermal quality of transitional spaces is influenced not only by some project attributes but also by obstruction of surroundings characteristics, and by the microclimatic quality of the immediate surroundings. This research also proved the mitigating roles of microclimatic and thermal comfort conditions, which were calculated using the PET index, thereby reinforcing the results obtained in studies addressed in the bibliographic review. It is expected that this research will contribute to subsidizing project interventions in the spaces evaluated, and projects of new transitional spaces, in addition to promoting the development of similar studies in other climatic contexts, and in different weather conditions.
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Faye, Emile. "Thermal landscapes and pest dynamic in Andean tropical agrosystems." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066374/document.

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Dans un contexte de changement climatique et d’augmentation de la variabilité du climat, une raison majeure qui freine le développement et l’adoption d’une gestion efficace des ravageurs des cultures est celle des caractéristiques thermiques des paysages agricoles, qui sont reconnues pour leur effet sur la dynamique ces ravageurs. De plus, la différence entre la taille des organismes considérés et les échelles auxquelles les données climatiques sont collectées et modélisées est une problématique clé pour comprendre et prédire la distribution des ravageurs des cultures. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous explorons la prise en compte des microclimats ressentis par les ravageurs des cultures dans leur environnement afin de mieux déduire leur distribution spatiotemporelle. Par conséquent, cette thèse s’est intéressée à: 1) réduire les différences d’échelles entre les prédictions des modèles climatiques globaux et la fine échelle spatiotemporelle des microclimats vécus par les organismes, 2) développer des approches techniques innovantes, comme la combinaison de caméras thermiques avec des drones aéroportés, pour faciliter l’étude de l’écologie thermique des ravageurs des cultures dans leur milieu, 3) déterminer dans quelle mesure la caractérisation de l’hétérogénéité thermique spatiotemporelle des paysages agricoles est utile pour comprendre les dynamiques des ravageurs des cultures et 4) comment intégrer les microclimats dans les modèles de prédiction des ravageurs des cultures. Ce travail montre que les microclimats conditionnent partiellement la dynamique des ravageurs des cultures dans les agrosystèmes et peuvent leur fournir des opportunités pour améliorer leur performances (et atténuer les effets du changement climatique) dans quelques centimètres carrées seulement. Par conséquent, cette thèse a montré l’importance d’une meilleure prise en compte des microclimats dans les modèles de distribution d’espèces (et de vulnérabilité face au changement climatique). Finalement, ce travail a révélé que l’étude des microclimats pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles voies de lutte intégrée agro-écologiques contre les ravageurs des cultures<br>In the context of global warming and increasing climatic variability, a major uncertainty that hampers effective pest management is that related to the thermal characteristics of agricultural landscapes, which are known to have profound effects on insect pest dynamics. Moreover the spatial mismatch between the size of organisms and the scale at which climate data are collected and modeled is also a major barrier to better understand and predict pest distribution and dynamics. In this thesis, we addressed the issue of considering microclimates experienced by crop pests in their environments with the main objective to infer their spatiotemporal distribution. Therefore, we focused on the following questions: 1) How to bridge the gap between the predictions of coarse-scale climatic models and the fine-scale climatic reality experienced by organisms (i.e. microclimates), 2) How to develop innovative technological approaches such as thermal infrared cameras and unmanned aerial vehicle as a tool for the study of crop pest thermal ecology, 3) to what extent the fine spatiotemporal variability in thermal heterogeneity of natural and agricultural landscapes is useful to understand pest dynamics, and 4) how to integrate microclimatic data in models predicting the interrelation between pest organisms and the microclimate of their environments.This work revealed that microclimate substantially affects pest dynamics in agrosystems and may offer them opportunities to enhance their performances, as well as to buffer global warming effects within only few centimetres. Consequently, this thesis stresses the need of a better incorporation of microclimatic data into models of species distribution (and vulnerability to climate change) and evidences that microclimates might provide new insights towards agro-ecological pest management
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Livingston, Margaret 1956. "Effects of three landscape treatments on building microclimates, and energy and water use (MLARCH)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192033.

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Vegetation near structures may reduce cooling loads in warm desert regions. This study was conducted to measure vegetation effects on warm-season energy use of three structures surrounded by different landscapes: 1) decomposed granite (rock), 2) shrubs and decomposed granite (shade), and 3) a bermudagrass lawn (grass). Surface and air temperatures, relative humidity, cooling energy and irrigation water use were measured. Actual energy use was compared to use predicted by microcomputer program MICROPAS. Vegetation resulted in cooler surfaces on most test dates. The grass treatment had lowest air temperatures for all dates. Grass and shade treatments had higher relative humidity and lower actual and predicted electrical use than the rock treatment. The shade treatment had the lowest predicted electrical use for all dates and lower utility costs (water and electricity) than grass (all dates) and rock treatments (two of three dates). Vegetation adjacent to structures had a significant effect on building energy use.
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Yildiz, Ilhami. "Simulation of greenhouse microclimates and environmental control strategies using a Rankine cycle heat pump /." Connect to resource, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1145453202.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1993.<br>Advisor: Dennis P. Stombaugh, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-226). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Ahmed, Khandaker Shabbir. "Approaches to bioclimatic urban design for the tropics with special referecne to Dhaka, Bangladesh." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309139.

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Massa, Helena Maria Poças Carreiro. "Urban aerodynamics : the potential of convective mechanisms in the cooling and ventilation of urban microclimates." Thesis, Open University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252353.

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Iyengar, Varsha G. "Liminal Landscapes: Conditioning Climates on the Chicago Riverfront." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553618489377804.

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Books on the topic "Microclimates"

1

Keeble, E. J. The potential of land-use planning and development control to help achieve favourable microclimates around buildings: AEuropean view. Elsevier, 1991.

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Koppenaal, R. S. Acclimation of natural and planted Amabilis fir to clearcut and stand edge microclimates on a coastal montane reforestation site. Canadian Forest Service, 1995.

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Branson, Farrel Allen. Contrasts of vegetation, soils, microclimates, and geomorphic processes between north- and south-facing slopes on Green Mountain near Denver, Colorado. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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Spittlehouse, David Leslie. Seedling microclimate. BC Ministry of Forests, 1989.

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Stoutjesdijk, Ph. Microclimate, vegetation and fauna. Opulus, 1992.

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1931-, Johnstone Donald R., ed. Microclimate and spray dispersion. E. Horwood, 1992.

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Microclimate for cultural heritage. Elsevier, 1998.

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Yang, Feng, and Liang Chen. High-Rise Urban Form and Microclimate. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1714-3.

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David, Pearlmutter, and Williamson, T. J. (Terry J.), eds. Urban microclimate: Designing the spaces between buildings. Earthscan, 2011.

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Pretelli, Marco, and Kristian Fabbri, eds. Historic Indoor Microclimate of the Heritage Buildings. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60343-8.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microclimates"

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Barrios, A. González, and R. I. González Barrios. "Madrid’s Microclimates." In 1989 2nd European Conference on Architecture. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0556-1_9.

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Grover, Aakriti, and R. B. Singh. "Urban Microclimates." In Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6671-0_5.

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Chokhachian, Ata, Daniele Santucci, and Thomas Auer. "Informal microclimates." In Informality through Sustainability. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429331701-17.

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Adams, Jonathan. "Microclimates and vegetation." In Vegetation—Climate Interaction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00881-8_4.

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Morera, Raphaël. "Marshes as microclimates." In Governing the Environment in the Early Modern World. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315561097-4.

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Scharmer, K. "European Solar Microclimates." In Solar Energy Applications to Buildings and Solar Radiation Data. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2961-6_1.

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Yao, Runming, and Koen Steemers. "Urban Microclimates and Simulation." In Design and Management of Sustainable Built Environments. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4781-7_5.

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Stonehouse, B. "Energy, Climate and Microclimates." In Polar Ecology. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1260-5_2.

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Giacomelli, Bruna, Júlia Calvaitis Padilha, Paula Renata Albrecht Mantovani, Fabiane Benche, and Natalia Hauenstein Eckert. "Influence of Vegetation in the Creation of Urban Microclimates." In Climate Change Management. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37425-9_8.

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Cheshmehzangi, Ali, Ayotunde Dawodu, and Amir Cheshmehzangi. "Designing Residential Microclimates: Malhar Eco-Village in Bangalore, India." In Designing Cooler Cities. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6638-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microclimates"

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Turkbeyler, Erdal, Runming Yao, and Tony Day. "Urban Microclimates and Renewable Energy Use in Cities." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110573066.

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Castillejos, Z. A. Rodríguez, U. Dietrich, G. Velasco Rodríguez, and W. Dickhaut. "Mexico City adaptation: water- and energy-creating microclimates." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2014. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc141022.

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Ismail, Nagham Bilal, Nesreen Ghaddar, and Kamel Ghali. "Theoretical and Experimental Estimation of Inter-Segmental Clothing Ventilation and Impact on Human Segmental Heat Losses." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51462.

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Air exchange between a specific garment and the environment could occur 1) through the fabric with the environment, 2) through garment apertures with the environment, and 3) between local body parts’ microclimates. The first mechanism is related to the fabric properties and the flow characteristics around the human body. The second mechanism is induced by buoyancy and pressure alteration due to external wind. The third mechanism named inter-segmental ventilation occurs between different clothing sections caused by position of apertures, relative wind, fabric permeability and microclimate size of connected clothed segments. The objective of this work is to develop a simplified accurate model that solves coupled momentum, mass and heat balances including buoyancy for the connected clothed upper human body to predict inter-segmental ventilation and assess its impact on the air flow characteristics in the microclimate layer and on local ventilation rates. This model is coupled to the bioheat model to predict the effect of the inter-segmental ventilation on the heat losses from the body and on bringing the thermal comfort. The model is validated by performing an improved experimental method on a thermal manikin using the tracer gas method at different wind speeds for permeable clothing.
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McGlynn, Terrence P. "Decomposition, thermal microclimates, and the consequences for ant biodiversity." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91290.

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Phillips, Nancy H., and Kurt P. Scott. "Quantifying PV module microclimates and translation into accelerated weathering protocols." In SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, edited by Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth, and Rebecca Jones-Albertus. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2063122.

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Minanda, Muhammad Arbi, Irman Idris, and Dadang Sumardi. "Design and Simulation of Smart Greenhouse for Agrivoltaics Microclimates Optimization." In 2021 International Symposium on Electronics and Smart Devices (ISESD). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isesd53023.2021.9501592.

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Mitchell, L., J. Seidel, R. Ocampo, S. Wilson, and J. Andrews. "Impact of microclimates on solar resource: Case study of the solar resource in San Francisco." In 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2010.5614704.

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Salim Ferwati, M., Vivek Shandas, David J. Sailor, Paul Regent Vincent Pawlowski, Yasuyo Makido, and Ayla Shawish. "Improving Livability in Doha: The Role of Neighborhood Microclimates, Land Use, and Materials in Rapidly Urbanizing Regions." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.eeop3280.

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"Simulation of Urban Microclimate with SOLENE-microclimat - An Outdoor Comfort Case Study." In 2018 Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design. Society for Modeling and Simulation International (SCS), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22360/simaud.2018.simaud.026.

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Siddiqui, Simil Amir. "Assessment of Urban Heat Islands Based on the Relationship Between Land Surface Temperature and Land Use/Land Cover in Greater Doha." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0108.

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Urban heat islands (UHI) are areas with elevated temperatures occurring in cities compared to surrounding rural areas. This study realizes the lack of research regarding the trends of UHIs in desert countries and focuses on Doha. The research includes twelve months of two-time periods; 2000-2019. ArcGIS software was used to compute the land surface temperature (LST) of the city using Landsat images. Land use/land cover (LULC) maps were computed to show how the city has evolved in 19 years. 30 field samples were used to verify the accuracy of the LULC. Results showed UHI in Doha did not display similar pattern to that of cities in subtropical and temperate regions. Higher temperatures were prevalent in out-skirts comprising of barren and built-up areas with high population and no vegetation. Comparatively, the main downtown with artificially planted vegetation and shade from skyscrapers created cooler microclimates. The overall LST of greater Doha has increased by 0.7°C from 2000 to 2019. Furthermore %LULC of built up, vegetation, barren land, marsh land and water body were 29%, 4.5%, 58.6%, 2.8% and 5% in 2000 and 56.5 %, 8.2%, 33.2 %, 0% and 2.1% in 2019 respectively. Overall, there was an increase in built-up and vegetation decrease in water and barren areas and complete loss of marshland. Highest temperatures were recorded for marshland area in year 2000 and barren and built in year 2019. Transect profiles showed positive correlation between NDBI and LST and a negative correlation between NDVI and LST.
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Reports on the topic "Microclimates"

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New, Joshua Ryan, Olufemi A. Omitaomu, Melissa R. Allen, Jiangye Yuan, Matthew B. Seals, and Thomaz M. Carvalhaes. Developing 3D morphologies for simulating building energy demand in urban microclimates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1399985.

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Hungerford, Roger D., Ramakrishna R. Nemani, Steven W. Running, and Joseph C. Coughlan. MTCLIM: a mountain microclimate simulation model. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-rp-414.

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Reason, William B. Chest Mounted Armored Microclimate Conditioned Air Device. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368565.

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Tunick, Arnold. Critical Assessment of Selected Urban Microclimate Model Frameworks. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435329.

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Herman, R., and S. O’Brien. Microclimate Influence on Bird Arrival Behavior Field Campaign Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1248495.

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Burr, Ralph G., Daniel W. Trone, Robert S. Pozos, Elmer J. Labranch, and Christopher S. Parrish. Microclimate Cooling Effect on Perceived Exertion in Four Heat/Exercise Scenarios. Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada285549.

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Cadarette, Bruce S., Troy D. Chineverse, Brett R. Ely, et al. Physiological Responses to Exercise-Heat Stress With Prototype Pulsed Microclimate Cooling System. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada486404.

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Pandolf, Kent B. Tri-Service Perspectives on Microclimate Cooling of Protective Clothing in the Heat. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada294005.

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Fowler, W. B., and T. D. Anderson. Illustrating harvest effects on site microclimate in a high-elevation forest stand. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-466.

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Laprise, Brad, Walter Teal, Leah Zuckerman, and Jason Cardinal. Evaluation of Commercial Off-the-Shelf and Government Off-the-Shelf Microclimate Cooling Systems. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436369.

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