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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Microcode'
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Van, Buren Brian G. "Graphical microcode simulator with a reconfigurable datapath /." Online version of thesis, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2892.
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Curzon, Paul. "A structured approach to the verification of low level microcode." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335713.
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Bodin, François. "Optimisation de microcode pour une architecture horizontale et synchrone : etude et mise en oeuvre d'un compilateur." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10057.
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Deux aspects de l'optimisation sont abordes: le probleme de modelisation d'architecture pour l'optimisation de microcode et l'optimisation des boucles. Presentation d'un modele original de machine, qui garantit une description precise des architectures. Presentation d'un algorithme d'optimisation des boucles base sur l'utilisation de la technique du depliage de boucles pour trouver un ordonnancement cyclique de celles-ci
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Dechelotte, Jonathan. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un environnement d'exécution pour architecture hétérogène reconfigurable." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0025.
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Aujourd'hui, les systèmes embarqués ont pris une part hégémonique dans notre monde. Leurs utilisation est prépondérante, que ce soit pour communiquer, se déplacer, travailler ou se divertir. Des efforts dans le domaine de la recherche et de l'industrie n'ont de cesse de faire évoluer les parties qui composent ces systèmes dont le processeur, le FPGA, la mémoire et le système d'exploitation.D'un point de vue architectural, l'apport d'une architecture généraliste couplée à une architecture reconfigurable positionne le SoC FPGA comme une cible préférentielle pour une utilisation dans les systèmes embarqués. Leurs adoption est cependant difficile du fait de leur complexité d'implémentation. L'abstraction des couches de bas niveau semble un axe d'investigation qui tend à inverser cette tendance. Au premier abord, l'utilisation d'un système d'exploitation paraît idoine. En effet, il possède l'écosystème de drivers et services disponibles pour l'accès aux ressources matérielles, la capacité d'ordonnancement natif ainsi que des bibliothèques pour la sécurité. Toutefois, cette solution engendre des contraintes qui poussent à évaluer d'autres approches. Ce manuscrit évalue la capacité d'un langage de haut niveau tel que Lua à fournir un environnement d'exécution dans le cas d'une implémentation sans système d'exploitation.À travers un écosystème nommé Lynq, cet environnement d'exécution procure les briques nécessaires à la gestion et l'allocation des ressources présentes sur le SoC FPGA, ainsi qu'une méthode proposant une isolation entre applicatifs.La capacité des architectures généralistes que sont les CPUs à devenir spécialisés lorsqu'ils sont implémentés sur un FPGA a été exploré par la suite. Ceci au travers d'une contribution permettant la génération d'un CPU RISC-V ainsi que son microcode associéToday, embedded systems have taken a leading role in our world. Whether for communication, travel, work or entertainment, their use is preponderant. Together, research and industry efforts are constantly developing various parts that make up these systems: processor, FPGA, memory, operating system.From an architectural point of view, the contribution of a generalist architecture coupled with a reconfigurable architecture positions SoC FPGA as popular targets for use in embedded systems. However, their implementation's complexity makes their adoption difficult. The abstraction of low-level layers seems to be an investigation's axis that would tend to reverse this trend. The use of an operating system seems suitable at first glance because they deliver an ecosystem of drivers and services for access to hardware resources, native scheduling capacities and libraries for security. However, this solution brings constraints and lead to evaluate other approaches.This manuscript evaluates the ability of a high-level language, Lua, to provide an execution environment in such a case that the implementation does not provide operating system. It gives, through an ecosystem named Lynq, the necessary building blocks for the management and allocation of resources present on the SoC FPGA as well as a method for isolation between applications. Besides the adoption of this execution environment, our work explores the capacity of generalist architectures such as CPUs to become specialized when implemented on a FPGA. This is done through a contribution allowing the generation of a RISC-V CPU and its associated microcode
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Döbrich, Stefan [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Hochberger, Andreas [Gutachter] Koch, and Christof [Gutachter] Fetzer. "Performance Improvement of Adaptive Processors : Hardware Synthesis, Instruction Folding and Microcode Assembly / Stefan Döbrich ; Gutachter: Andreas Koch, Christof Fetzer ; Betreuer: Christian Hochberger." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137830263/34.
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Hajjar, Mansour. "Construction d'un calculateur spécialisé pour le calcul de la conductivité électrique d'un réseau de résistances aléatoires." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112409.
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Réalisation d'un calculateur spécialisé pour le calcul de la conductivité électrique d'un réseau de résistances aléatoires Le calculateur spécialisé PERCOLA est conçu pour effectuer de longues simulations numériques sur un problème de Mécanique Statistique des systèmes désordonnés de type percolation. L'objectif est d'améliorer d'un ordre de grandeur les valeurs actuelles des exposants critiques qui caractérisent le comportement au seuil de percolation de la conductivité électrique d'un réseau de résistances aléatoires. Le calculateur spécialisé met en œuvre un algorithme itératif très performant pour calculer la conductivité d'un tel réseau. Bien qu'optimisée pour un algorithme particulier, cette machine présente les caractéristiques générales d'un calculateur 64 bits flottant microprogrammable permettant des possibilités d'utilisations futures pour d'autres problèmes. Son architecture est du type pipeline avec un parallélisme interne résultant de l'indépendance entre ses diverses composantes : mémoires, ALUs et multiplicateurs (composants WEITEK), contrôle des chemins des données, séquenceur (composant ANALOG DEVICES), générateurs d'adresses et générateur de nombres aléatoires. La vitesse maximale de calcul en mode pipeline est de 25 Mégaflops. Pour le problème de percolation, la vitesse de calcul est 10% plus élevée que celle d'un supercalculateur Cray XMPA special purpose computer for the calculation of the electric conductivity of a random resistor network. The special purpose computer PERCOLA is designed for long numerical simulations on a percolation problem in Statistical Mechanics of disordered media. Our aim is to improve the actual values of the critical exponents characterizing the behavior of random resistance networks at percolation threshold. The architecture of PERCOLA is based on an efficient iterative algorithm used to compute the electric conductivity of such networks. The calculator has the characteristics of a general purpose 64- bit floating point microprogrammable computer that can run programs for various types of problems with a peak performance of 25 Mflops. This high computing speed is a result of the pipeline architecture based on internal parallelism and separately microcode controlled units such as: data memories, a microcode memory, ALUs and multipliers (both WEITEK components), various data paths, a sequencer (ANALOG DEVICES component), address generators and a random number generator. Thus, the special purpose computer runs percolation problem program 10 percent faster than the supercomputer CRAY XMP
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Smith, S. D. "Microcoded modems." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356552.
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Bekkara, Nourouddine. "Optimisation et compromis surface-vitesse dans le compilateur de silicium SYCO." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376027103.
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Kalinsky, Ray. "Urban microcosm." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77736.
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Over the course of time, the built environment has been a manifestation of human ideals and aspirations. Although these ideals, diverse and varied in each case, are only present in a small few of the buildings that are actually constructed, it ls my belief that they are the givers of meaning and identity to human culture and history. ln this thesis, l have created, at least on an embryonic level, an expression of my vision and dream of the coming together of human, urban life and nature.Master of Architecture
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Jeff, John Robert. "Interprocess communication instructions for microcoded processors." Thesis, University of Kent, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303113.
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Peroutka, Ondřej. "Verifikace digitálního obvodu Microcore GNSS Baseband." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377086.
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The topic of the master´s thesis is to verify Acquisition Engine and Tracking Engine in the Microcore GNSS Baseband digital circuit from Honeywell. Theoretical part contains a brief introduction into the satellite position determination, basic principles of the verified blocks is given and UVM methodology is introduced. Practical part contains requirements, test cases and test procedures. The verification environment is also described. In the last part of the thesis is the verification process and it´s results.
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Lamonica, Dominique. "Capturer les interactions écologiques en microcosme sous pression chimique à travers le prisme de la modélisation." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1043/document.
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L'évaluation du risque lié aux contaminants est généralement basée sur des données collectées au cours d'essais monospécifiques (à une seule espèce). Par conséquent, les interactions entre espèces, bien qu'elles structurent les écosystèmes, ne sont pas prises en compte. Pour explorer les effets des contaminants sur la dynamique des espèces en interaction, cette thèse vise à modéliser le fonctionnement d'un microcosme de laboratoire de deux litres incluant trois espèces, la daphnie Daphnia magna, la lentille d'eau Lemna minor et la microalgue Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, exposées à une contamination par le cadmium. La dynamique des trois espèces ainsi que leurs interactions et les effets du cadmium ont été décrits par un modèle mécaniste basé sur des équations différentielles ordinaires couplées. Les principaux processus intervenant dans ce microcosme de trois espèces ont donc été formalisés, notamment la croissance et la survie des daphnies, la croissance et la sédimentation des algues, la croissance des lentilles, le broutage des algues par les daphnies, la compétition interspécifique entre algues et lentilles et les effets du cadmium sur ces différents processus. Les paramètres du modèle ont été estimés par inférence bayésienne, en utilisant simultanément toutes les données issues de différentes expérimentations en laboratoire, réalisées au cours de la thèse spécialement pour cette étudeContaminant risk assessment is generally based on data collected during single species bioassays (including only one species). As a consequence, interactions between species that occur in ecosystems are not taken into account. To investigate the effects of contaminants on interacting species dynamics, this thesis aims at modelling the functioning of a 2-L laboratory microcosm with three species, the daphnid Daphnia magna, the duckweed Lemna minor and the microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, exposed to cadmium contamination. We modelled the dynamics of the three species, their interactions and the effects of cadmium using a mechanistic model based on coupled ordinary differential equations. The main processes occurring in this three-species microcosm were thus formalized, including growth and survival of daphnids, growth and settling of algae, growth of duckweeds, grazing of algae by daphnids, interspecific competition between the algae and duckweeds, and the effects of cadmium on these processes. We estimated model parameters by Bayesian inference, using simultaneously all the data issued from multiple laboratory experiments specifically conducted for this study during the thesis
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Philippe, Céline. "Elvis Gratton : mythe et microcosme." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20240.
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Elvis Gratton est sans doute l’une des figures les mieux connues du cinéma québécois. Pourtant, ce succès tient du malentendu. En effet, si le cinéaste Pierre Falardeau et son complice Julien Poulin ont créé ce personnage en guise de réponse au référendum de 1980, afin de dénoncer par l’entremise d’une caricature ceux qu’ils tenaient pour responsables de l’échec référendaire, la charge critique derrière le « cycle Gratton » semble être passée inaperçue dès le départ. Cette thèse cherchera à replacer les films consacrés à ce personnage tant dans leur contexte sociopolitique que dans l’ensemble de l’œuvre de Pierre Falardeau. En analysant comment le personnage devait être au départ la caricature du Québécois « colonisé », à la lumière des théories de la décolonisation qui étaient chères à Pierre Falardeau, nous verrons aussi comment Gratton aura, semble-t-il, « échappé au contrôle de ses créateurs », selon les théories de Pierre Bayard. Mais surtout, une fois ce constat établi, nous chercherons à comprendre le succès des Gratton. C’est à l’aide du concept de la « fatigue culturelle du Canada français » tel qu’élaboré par Hubert Aquin, de même qu’avec les théories du sociologue Joseph Yvon Thériault au sujet du « désir d’être grand » des « petites sociétés », que nous verrons comment il pourrait exister un lien inextricable entre la grande popularité des Elvis Gratton et l’omniprésence du courant de l’américanité au sein de la société québécoise post-référendaire. Ce faisant, nous verrons comment il se pourrait que Pierre Falardeau et Julien Poulin aient, contre leur gré, créé un « mythe québécois » qui aurait pour effet d’encourager ce qu’ils voulaient dénoncer.
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Mercante, Donald Eugene. "Analysis of multispecies microcosm experiments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39798.
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CUVILLIERS, LETOURNEL ANNE-FRANCOISE. "Etude longitudinale d'une famille atteinte de microcorie congenitale : a propos de 23 cas." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M135.
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Côté, Valérie. "FABULATION COSMIQUE du microcosme au macrocosme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26678/26678.pdf.
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AKIMOTO, YUKITO. "Le microcosme spirituel de theophile gautier." Montpellier 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON30022.
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Dans toute son oeuvre, theophile gautier (1811-1872) traite de sujets spirituels. Bien que sa preference aille a l'ancien testament, lui, catholique, se sent mal a l'aise dans son milieu chretien et s'accroche a sa propre idee d'un dieu aussi humain qu'aimable confondant les limites des bienheureux et des maudits. Cela lui impose de s'evader de la "vieille europe" et de chercher comme son heros fortunio une religion convenant mieux a ses desirs. Il trouve dans les cultes de l'antiquite, en egypte, dans le monde islamique, en grece et en inde, les materiaux qu'il peut assimler a son idee personnelle de dieu. Sa conception etait plutot neo-platonicienne d'un dieu-lumiere auquel on accedait par l'envol de l'ame et par la beaute et l'art. Pendant cet itineraire, il a pu acquerir le secret de la transformation de l'ame, l'avatar. Les utopistes de son temps le charmaient aussi, meme les magnetiseurs, et la theorie de la correspondance de swedenborg etait proche de sa propre speculation philosophique. Le theme de sa nouvelle spirite fait la synthese de sa vision spirituelle. Il y montre l'image de son "bon dieu" comme une des possibilites de salut. Finalement, gautier se voudra avant tout artiste, l'art etant pour lui la seule maniere pour l'homme, ce porteur du peche originel, d'apaiser sa soif religieuse et d'exprimer sa raison d'etre de creature divineTheophile gautier (1811-1872) writes about spiritual matters throughout his work. He prefers the old testament, nevertheless, a catholic, he is ill at ease in his christian milieu, and clings fast to his own idea of a god who is both humane and lovable. The blessed and the cursed are not subject to sharp division. This impels him to shake free of the "old europe" and, like his hero fortunio, look for a religioin more in keeping with what he wants. He finds in antiquity, in egypt, in the world of islam, in greece and in india the material apt for assimilation in his personal idea of god. This conceptiion was of a neo-platonic cast : a god of light reached via the soul's aspiration, via beauty and via art. The secret of the avatar, the soul's transformation, was acquired on the way. Gautier also fell under the charm of the utopian thinkers of the day, and even of the proponents of magnetisme. Swedenborg's theory of correspondance was close to his own philosophical speculations. The theme of gautier's short story spirite presents a synthesis of his spiritual view. He gives an image of his "good god" here, as one of the possible ways of salvation. In the end, gautier sees himself above all as artist : art for him being the only way that man, born into original sin, can quench his thirst for religion and give expression to the ground of his being as god's own creature
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Péden, Romain. "Impact du changement climatique sur le métabolisme des protéines d’une espèce clé des communautés intertidales, Mytilus edulis (L.)." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0015/document.
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Dans un contexte de réchauffement climatique et d'anthropisation, les organismes colonisant les espaces côtiers sont, et seront soumis, à des variations importantes de leur milieu de vie. Parmi ces organismes, la moule bleue Mytilus edulis constitue une espèce clé des écosystèmes intertidaux et est utilisée comme sentinelle. Au cours de cette thèse, des moules collectées sur des sites présentant des niveaux de contamination contrastés ont été conditionnées à deux niveaux de température différents avant une exposition à un stress thermique aigu. Des analyses protéomiques ont été réalisées pour explorer les effets de ces stress sur l'homéostasie des protéines. Une forte mortalité est observée exclusivement pour les individus issus du site pollué et conditionnés à des températures modérées. Chez les individus issus du site propre, une abondance de protéines de stress thermique et une sur-expression d'acteurs indiquant la mise en place d'un métabolisme anaérobie est observée. Les individus conditionnés à des températures plus élevées ont une meilleure réponse vis-à-vis des individus conditionnés aux températures modérées. Pour les moules provenant du site contaminé les réponses protéiques sont bien moins nettes et tendent à démontrer un effet additif délétère de la contamination et de la température. Là encore, les individus conditionnés aux températures les plus élevées répondent mieux. En conclusion, les individus au trait de vie non contaminés affichent de meilleures réponses physiologiques que les individus contaminés. De plus, les organismes dont l'historique thermique est favorable, i.e. conditionnés à des températures plus élevées, ont également des réponses amélioréesIntertidal organisms live in a fluctuating environment. The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is a key species of those ecosystems and are largely use as sentinel species. Global warming associated with anthropization will expose mussels to contaminations together with increased temperatures. In addition, more frequent heatwaves are expected. In this work, mussels were collected at two sites depicting contrasted levels of contamination and thermal exposure in microcosm were conducted. Two acclimation scenarios were set up prior to exposure to an identical acute thermal stress. In order to decipher joint effects of acclimation and contamination on protein homeostasis, gill proteome comparisons were performed. High mortality was observed only for mussels collected at the contaminated site and acclimated to current temperatures. Concerning gill proteome analysis, organisms from the pristine site exhibit high abundance of thermal stress proteins. Proteoforms involved in anaerobic metabolism were also up-regulated. Interestingly, mussels acclimated to the higher temperatures show an enhanced response compare to the one acclimated to current temperatures. Concerning mussels from the contaminated site, the response appears more confusing, excepted for heat stress protein response. This may indicate deleterious effects of combined contamination and heat stress. Therefore, organisms acclimated to higher temperature display improved responses. In conclusion, mussels with a clean life history show better physiological abilities than individuals with contaminated life history. Moreover, organisms prepared to heat stress by higher acclimation temperatures also develop a more effective response
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Christova, Iglika. "Dessin élargi et microscopie : une pollinisation réciproque." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H314.
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En s’appuyant tant sur des démarches artistiques actuelles en interaction avec la science que sur les relations anciennes se tissant entre le dessin et les scientifiques, cette thèse interroge l’impact du microcosme dans les processus de création. À travers l’expérimentation de l’œuvre au croisement avec la biologie, il s’agit d’entrevoir comment l’accès au microcosme des matières vivantes permet de questionner le dessin. Ce dernier est appréhendé en tant que pratique artistique autonome orientée vers une pluralité des langages, l’interdisciplinarité ainsi que l’expérimentation. Au gré de collaborations diverses, avec des biologistes, le dessin s’empare des mécanismes du vivant et apporte un autre regard aux images et connaissances scientifiques. Le dialogue interdisciplinaire cherche à stimuler l’heuristique tout en contribuant à une poétique scientifique. D’une part, le dessin apparaît comme un moyen d’agrandissement et d’élargissement du microcosme dans l’espace d’exposition ; d’autre part, l’apport du microcosme des matières vivantes nous invite à déplacer les frontières du dessin sur et hors papier vers le « dessin vivant » réalisé par le biais de micro-organismesDrawing both on current artistic approaches in interaction with science and the ancient relationship between drawing and scientists, this thesis questions the impact of microcosm on creative processes. Through the experimentation of the work of art at the crossroads with biology, the aim is to see and study how the access to the microcosm of living matter makes it possible to question drawing. The latter is apprehended as an autonomous artistic practice oriented towards a plurality of languages, interdisciplinarity, and experimentation. With the help of various collaborations, with biologists, the drawing takes hold of the mechanisms of the living and offers a different view of the images and scientific knowledge. The interdisciplinary dialogue seeks to stimulate heuristics while contributing to a scientific poetics. On the one hand, the drawing appears as a means of enlarging and widening the microcosm in the exhibition space. On the other hand, the contribution of the microcosm of living materials invites us to move the frontiers of drawing on and off paper towards "living drawing" designed by micro-organisms
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Greaves, Sheila. "The organization of microcore technology in the Canadian southern interior plateau." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30975.
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The purpose of this research is to construct and test a model of the organization of microcore technology, a standardized core technology, within the subsistence-settlement system of prehistoric, semi-sedentary hunter-gatherers. The study of technological organization involves investigation of why a society selects particular tool designs, and how it structures the manufacture, use, maintenance and discard of tools and associated debitage across the landscape. The model tested here associates the use of microcore technology with a design for a maintainable and transportable tool assemblage which conserves lithic material, and with a regional distribution focused on residential camps as the locus of microcore manufacture and microblade production and use. The model is tested through a comparative case study of archaeological tools and debitage from microlithic and non-microlithic sites in two upland valleys in the British Columbia Southern Interior Plateau. Research hypotheses and corresponding test implications are evaluated with data and analyses relating to core reduction and tool production stages, to tool use, and to activity area patterning within the sites. Results of hypothesis testing indicate that the model only partially explains the role of this particular standardized core technology in the study areas. Microcore technology is found to be associated with high residential and logistical mobility; a transportable, expediently-used tool assemblage; and the conservation of a specific raw material in one valley. Thus, this research proposes that microcore technology was a standardized technology which was variable in design goals and distribution, even within the same geographically and ethnographically defined region.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Jabro, Nicholas Berman. "Microcosm studies of nutrient cycling in Bahamian stromatolites." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8594.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Marine, Estuarine, Environmental Sciences Graduate Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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NERY, LAURA MOUTINHO. "CARICATURE: MICROCOSM OF THE ARTISTIC ISSUES IN MODERNITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9068@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA tese recupera a importância da técnica da caricatura no âmbito da discussão literária e plástica modernas em dois momentos específicos: na primeira metade do século XVIII, com o debate estabelecido por William Hogarth e Henry Fielding, num contexto em que se fixam as bases do romance; e em meados do século XIX, quando o tema é retomado por Charles Baudelaire, especialmente no ensaio Da essência do riso e das artes geralmente cômicas, de 1855. Embora tenha recebido da dupla Hogarth-Fielding uma definição pejorativa, a caricatura significou um caminho para a experiência moderna, seja pela assimilação de motivos altos e baixos na arte, pela tematização da vivência urbana ou pela valorização da psicologia dos personagens (dentro da tradição do empirismo de Locke), traduzida na exploração da fisionomia humana. Com Baudelaire, estabelece-se não só uma estética da caricatura, mas uma estética caricatural construída a partir das categorias cômico absoluto e o cômico significativo. Esse modo caricatural, acreditamos, já irrompia nas cenas morais de Hogarth. Adotamos a definição da caricatura como uma novidade no campo da arte pictórica, de acordo com Ernst Gombrich. À técnica italiana, segundo ele, estava franqueada a possibilidade de experimentação que levaria à descoberta não trivial de como criar a ilusão de vida sem qualquer ilusão de realidade. As reflexões de Hogarth e de Baudelaire dimensionam historicamente a importância do humor gráfico não só como um desafio à representação artística, mas também como elemento central de uma certa experiência da modernidade.
In this work, the relevance of caricature, both in modern literary and plastic discourses, is considered in two moments: during the first half of the XVIII century, in the interaction between William Hogarth and Henry Fielding, concurrent to the beginnings of the English novel, and in mid XIX century, when Charles Baudelaire, especially in his essay De l essence du rire et généralement du comique dans les arts plastiques, reapproaches the subject. Caricature received from Hogarth and Fielding a negative definition, but still showed a path to the modern experience, by assimilating low and high themes in art, by taking subjects from urban life and by emphasizing the psychology of characters (in the spirit of Locke s empiricism), through an exploration of the human face. Baudelaire s ideas give rise to an esthetics of caricature, built up from his concepts of significative and absolute comic. This caricatural mode, we believe, was already present in Hogarth s modern moral scenes. We take Ernst Gombrich s definition of caricature as an innovation in pictorial art. According to him, the Italian technique was allowed a freedom of experimentation which led to the nontrivial discovery of how to create the illusion of life without the illusion of reality. The arguments in Hogarth and Baudelaire describe the historical relevance of graphic humor, both as a challenge to artistic representation and as a central element of a certain kind of experience of modernity.
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Fayle, Tom Maurice. "Ant community structure in a rain forest microcosm." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611618.
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Pettigrew, Mark. "Incarceration on death row : a microcosm of communication?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/incarceration-on-death-row-a-microcosm-of-communication(16b72399-490b-4aae-b4e2-4a8160a2b15c).html.
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Death row is a space across the United States that continues to expand, not only in numbers, but in the length of time inmates spend confined there. Fewer and fewer inmates are executed and death row is now increasingly the only punishment of capital convicts. This thesis examines the retributive and punitive treatment of death-sentenced offenders within that space and, by viewing that form of imprisonment as part of a communication process, it assesses the contribution it makes to the death penalty more generally in the USA to argue that death row imprisonment is crucial in sustaining the distinction of capital offenders, and the death penalty itself.Just as death row receives images from wider culture, it simultaneously generates images that complement and validate those it receives, of death sentenced offenders as dangerous monsters. These images, of offenders who require punitive detention, align with the dominant supportive rationale of capital punishment, retribution, and provide a basis for continued death penalty support in an era of declining executions.In the “hidden world” of death row, prisoners are left to be abused, mistreated, and denied privileges and opportunities available to other prisoners. The capital offender is presented by his death row incarceration as different from all other offenders serving other sentences, even life without parole. Death row incarceration communicates the worth and status of the condemned, presenting him as a dangerous, and dehumanised other, who needs to be securely detained, and restricted. Thus death row validates and justifies the cultural needs of capital punishment. Just as wider culture, including, specifically, the legal community, dictates a requirement for punitive detention, death row corroborates that image with its own in a self-affirming loop. Death row is therefore functional beyond the mere holding of offenders, it affirms cultural descriptions of the condemned and thus justifies, and provides support for, the very continuation of capital punishment itself.
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Wilkins, Robert James. "The advisor agent : a model for the dynamic integration of navigation information with an open hypermedia system." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241162.
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Delhaye, Hélène. "Développement d'un bioessai de toxicité chronique en microcosme aquatique de laboratoire et évaluation de l'outil au travers de l'étude des effets du cadmium." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814732.
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Les approches physico-chimiques étant insuffisantes pour évaluer l'impact de la pollution sur les écosystèmes , de nombreux bioessais, variant de par le niveau d'organisation représenté, ont été développés. Parmi ces essais on trouve les essais en microcosme aquatique de laboratoire qui sont un compromis entre les essais monospécifiques standards de laboratoire, méthodes couramment employées mais très simplifiées et peu représentatives sur le plan écologique et les essais en mésocosme extérieurs, plus représentatifs mais coûteux, lourds à mettre en œuvre, moins réplicables et plus difficiles à interpréter. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés à l'essai initialement développé par Clément et Cadier (1998). Cet outil permet d'évaluer l'effet de substances ou de matrices potentiellement contaminées sur un écosystème artificiel composé d'eau et de sédiment, dans lesquels sont introduites simultanément 5 espèces aquatiques d'eau douce usuellement employées dans des essais de toxicité mono-spécifiques : l'algue Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, la lentille d'eau Lemna minor, la daphnie Daphnia magna, l'amphipode Hyalella azteca et l'insecte Chironomus riparius. Cet essai en microcosme a été utilisé dans de nombreux projets depuis sa conception mais sa variabilité demeurait la principale limite malgré les améliorations successives. Le principal objectif de ce travail était donc d'optimiser l'essai. La principale amélioration testée a été le renouvellement continu de l'eau du système, qui a permis de stabiliser les paramètres physico-chimiques de la colonne d'eau des microcosmes et la densité algale, et ainsi d'améliorer le développement des organismes et la réplicabilité de l'essai. Le cadmium a été utilisé comme contaminant modèle afin d'évaluer les développements méthodologiques proposés. La diminution de la variabilité en présence de renouvellement d'eau augmente la capacité à détecter des effets sublétaux sur les organismes pélagiques avec les tests statistiques classiques. Le développement d'un cadre de modélisation dynamique a permis de comparer la sensibilité des daphnies au cadmium dans des expériences aux profils d'exposition différents.
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Wah, Alison Yeung Yam. "Microcosm, Tillich & Tao : a critique of Tillich's ontology." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414868.
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Bourahla, Aziza. "La poétique du corps dans Microcosme de Maurice Scève." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH5911.
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Le travail montre qu’il y a une poétique du corps à l’œuvre, c’est-à-dire une façon d’écrire le corps qui engage l’écriture. La question du corps est justifiée par le titre qui pose l’analogie entre l’homme et le monde par le corps. Par ailleurs, la mise en scène de l’histoire d’Adam signe la découverte du corps et la chute dans la matière. L’œuvre s’écrit à côté des traditions : elle constitue un récit de création mais elle n’est pas un poème hexaméral, elle réinvestit la relation microcosmique mais elle la remet en question. L’écriture se fait corps et, en mettant en scène le corps, le texte devient corps. L’étude amène à redéfinir la relation microcosmique. La poétique du corps est une poétique du mot, à la fois signifiant et signifié, corps et âme. La première partie met en valeur le corps constitué comme objet parce qu’il est exposé. Il met ainsi en jeu la tension entre la matière et sa représentation. Le deuxième temps du travail s’intéresse à la relation entre le corps et le monde appréhendé par les sens, de l’unité par le toucher à l’intériorisation par le regard : elle se dessine dans la tension entre réification et abstraction. Enfin, il s’agit de montrer comment le mot devient corps à travers les variations du signifié et du signifiantThe work shows that there is a poetics of the body at work, that is to say a way of writing the body that engages writing. The question of the body is justified by the title which puts the analogy between man and the world, two kinds of bodies. Besides, the staging of the story of Adam signifies the discovery of the body and the fall in the material. The work is written alongside the traditions :it is a story of creation but it is not a hexameral poem,it reinvests the microcosmic relation but it calls it into question. The writing becomes body and, by staging the body, the text becomes body. The study leads to a redefinition of the microcosmic relationship. The poetics of the body is a poetics of the word, at once signifying and signified, body and soul. The first part highlights the body constituted as object because it is exposed. He thus puts into play the tension between matter and its representation. The second part of the work focuses on the relationship between the body and the world apprehended by the senses, from unity through touch to interiorization through the eye : it is drawn in the tension between reification and abstraction. Finally, it is a question of showing how the word becomes body through the variation of the signified and the signifier
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Das, Swati Jr. "Bioremediation of Pcb Contaminated Surface Soil: A Microcosm Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36501.
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This feasibility study was performed at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, VA) in collaboration with BioSystems Technology, Inc. (Blacksburg, VA). In this study, degradability of PCBs (Aroclor 1242) from an aged surface soil was evaluated using serum bottle microcosms containing aceticlastic methanogenic consortium, enriched from a municipal anaerobic digester. Two different experiments, "intermediate feed" and "starve and feed" were conducted by manipulating the methanogenic consortium with different amounts of acetate feeding, during 30 days of incubation. Disappearance of Aroclor 1242 in the microcosms was quantified using gas chromatography (GC). Significant differences in Aroclor 1242 removal between inoculated and uninoculated (control) microcosms were observed suggesting that the methanogenic consortium was responsible for Aroclor 1242 disappearance. However, GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results could not confirm that disappearance of Aroclor 1242 was due to anaerobic dehalogenation. From another experiment, it was confirmed that removal of Aroclor 1242 was not due to evaporation losses during sample extraction.
Toxicity of an aged Aroclor 1242 contaminated surface soil was evaluated on an aceticlastic methanogenic consortium, enriched from a municipal anaerobic digester. Microcosms were set up using different amounts of soil and inoculum. Total gas production in the microcosms was monitored during 30 days of incubation, using a glass syringe. Total methane production in the microcosms was quantitated using GC. Toxicity of the soil on the methanogenic inoculum was determined based on the decreased rate of methane production in the microcosms relative to non- soil containing controls. Compared to the control, there was reduction in total methane production in soil containing microcosms. Between 3-27% reduction in total methane production was noticed in microcosms containing different amounts of soil and consortium. Reduction in methane production seemed to increase with increasing amount of soil. Whether this decrease in methane production was due to toxicity of Aroclor 1242 on the methanogenic consortium or due possibly to the toxicity of trapped oxygen in the soil could not be determined. The rate of gas production in the soil microcosm was linear.Master of Science
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High, Jessica M. "Microcosm evaluation of vinyl chloride bio-oxidation under anaerobic conditions." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219865442/.
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Dandrieux, Sylvaine. "Etude et mise en évidence d'activités antibactériennes de type microcine." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS142.
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Les microcines sont une nouvelle famille d'antibiotiques présentant une alternative intéressante pour la résolution des problèmes liés à la recrudescence de la résistance des agents pathogènes aux antibiotiques conventionnels. Notre recherche s'est portée vers la découverte et la caractérisation de nouvelles microcines. Tout d'abord, nous avons étudié l'activité antibactérienne produite par la souche E. Coli LRF1. Cette activité de type microcine possède un spectre d'activité étroit. Sa production s'effectue préférentiellement en milieu minimum. Une électrofocalisation a révélé la présence dans le surnageant de culture de deux substances se différenciant par leur pI et présentant des activités antibactériennes. L'une possède une masse moléculaire supérieure à 10 kDa. Cette substance a été identifiée comme étant la colicine B. Nous nous sommes donc intéressés à la deuxième substance dont l'activité traverse la membrane de cellophane traduisant une masse moléculaire plus faible. Après la mise en place d'un protocole de purification partielle nous avons identifié notre deuxième substance comme étant la colicine M. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons sélectionné dans la collection de notre laboratoire par des tests d'immunité croisée ainsi que par PCR 9 souches de E. Coli potentiellement productrices de nouvelles activités antibactériennes de type microcine. Parmi celles-ci la souche E coli LR11 a été sélectionnée. Cette souche possède le gène de structure de la microcine V et présente une autre activité antibactérienne importante qualifiée de microcine. Le système génétique de cette nouvelle molécule d'origine plasmidique et transférable par conjugaison a été clonéMicrocins are a new antibiotics family presenting an interesting alternative to the problems related to the increasing prevalence of pathogen antibiotic resistance. Our research went towards the discovery and the characterization of news microcins. First of all, we studied the antibacterial activity produced by the E coli LRF1 strain. This microcin-like activity has a narrow spectrum of activity. Its production is carried out preferentially in minimum medium. An electrofocusing revealed the presence in the culture supernatant of two substances being different by their pi and presenting antibacterial activities. One has a molecular mass higher than 10 kDa. This substance was identified as being the colicin B. We were thus interested in the second substance whose activity cross the cellophane membrane translating a lower molecular mass. After the installation of a protocol of partial purification we identified our second substance as being the colicin M. In the second time, we selected in the laboratory collection by cross immunity tests and by PCR 9 E coli strains potentially producing new microcine-like activities. Among those the E coli LR11 strain was selected. This strain has microcin V structural gene and presents another important microcin-like activity. The genetic system of this new molecule plasmidic origin and transferable by conjugation was cloned
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Léonard, Jean-Léo. "Variation dialectale et microcosme anthropologique : l'île de Noirmoutier (Vendée, France)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10054.
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A travers des vagues successives de peuplement d'une aire de marais littoraux, et a la suite de changements survenus recemment ( depuis 1920), une variation geolinguistique et sociolinguistique complexe s'est developpee dans l'ile de noirmoutier ( vendee, france ). La variation structurale du poitevin insulaire est etudiee a l'aide d'un modele ad-hoc permettant de definir une grammaire polylectale des parlers insulaires, principalement du point de vue de la phonologie generative naturelle. Par ailleurs, les reseaux d'activites dans un eco-systeme de marais salants, de terres arables et de peche, ont probablement oriente l'interference et la variation linguistique par contact et par isolement des communautes villageoises. Ces conditions de vie particulieres a l'ile ont egalement conduit a la formation d'une forte identite - ou "ethique" - locale, basee sur l'experience historique du microcisme insulaire. La variation dialectale, la vitalite du vernaculaire ainsi qu'une puissante capacite de reperage metadialectal font partie des attributs particuliers a la communaute linguistique insulaire.
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Withers, Kristine. "Detachment 101: a microcosm of the evolutionary nature of warfare." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8854.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of History
Mark P. Parillo
Detachment 101's experiences provide a microcosm view of the evolutionary nature of warfare, and also demonstrates the understanding of Fourth Generational Warfare concepts by the Detachment.
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Miranda, Luis Alcides Schiavo. "Produção de "Micrococcus" utilizando como substrato melaço de cana-de-açucar." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1997. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77164.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias AgrariasMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T01:27:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Foram realizados estudos comparativos do crescimento de Micrococcus varians, no meio de cultura BHI (controle) e no meio constituído de melaço de cana-de-açúcar diluído à 2% enriquecido com 0,1% de extrato de levedura (meio experimental). O experimento foi realizado com três repetições do meio experimental e controle em fermentador de 5 litros com um volume de trabalho de 3,5 litros, sob agitação contínua a 150 rpm, temperatura de 35 °C, aeração de 1 L.L-1.min-1 de oxigênio, pH inicial de 7,0 ± 0,2, tempo de fermentação de 24 horas, inóculo aproximado de 6,0 Log10 UFC/mL com tomada de amostras em intervalos de 2 horas. Micrococcus varians cresceu nos dois meios de cultura estudados, confirmando a viabilidade do meio experimental para o cultivo desta espécie. A concentração média final de biomassa foi maior no meio controle do que no meio experimental com 2,96 g/l e 0,78 g/l respectivamente. O número de células viáveis ao final das fermentações em BHI foi de 30,24 Log10 UFC/mL para o meio controle, enquanto no meio experimental o número de células viáveis foi de 19,43 Log,10 UFC/mL. O consumo de açúcares totais disponíveis foi maior para biomassa no meio controle, 79,78%, enquanto no meio experimental apenas 50,53% foram consumidos.
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Dal-Pan, Alexandre. "Stratégies anti-vieillissement chez un primate non-humain : adaptation à la restriction calorique chronique ou à un mimétique potentiel, le resvératrol, et effets sur le vieillissement." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T051.
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Le resvératrol (RSV), un polyphénol naturel, mimerait les effets bénéfiques apportés par une restriction calorique (RC) modérée en induisant des réponses adaptatives rapides et en ralentissant le déclin lié à l’âge des fonctions de l’organisme. Cette hypothèse a été testéechez un primate, le Microcèbe (Microcebus murinus) chez lequel des marqueurs biologiques du vieillissement ont été validés. Des animaux adultes ont été soumis dès l’âge de 3 ans et jusqu’à la fin de leur vie (8-10 ans) soit à une RC modérée chronique (-30%), soit à une supplémentation alimentaire en RSV (200 mg. Kg-1. Jour-1), et comparés à un groupe contrôlenourri ad libitum. L’adaptation à la RC, caractérisée par une balance énergétique maintenue proche de celle des contrôles, a impliqué une forte modulation des phases d’hypothermie journalière, surtout pendant la saison hivernale. A l’inverse de la RC, le RSV a augmenté les dépenses énergétiques et réduit la prise alimentaire. Un effet bénéfique du RSV sur la resynchronisation du rythme d’activité locomotrice sur la lumière a également été observé. A long terme, les deux traitements ont permis le maintien des variations saisonnières des principaux paramètres biologiques étudiés (composition corporelle, dépenses énergétiques, hormones) et de ralentir le déclin de plusieurs marqueurs du vieillissement observé chez les animaux témoins, tels qu’une amélioration des processus de mémorisation et un maintien des capacités motrices. L’adaptation aux traitements sur le long terme et la mise en évidence de premiers effets « anti-âge » similaires entre les deux traitements confirment la potentielle utilisation du RSV en tant que mimétique de la RC. Les résultats de cette étude montrent pour la première fois les effets bénéfiques du RSV chez un primate non-humainResveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, should mimic benefits provided by a chronic moderate caloric restriction (CR) by inducing quick adaptive responses and slowing agerelated decline of biological functions. This hypothesis was tested in a primate, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), in which biomarkers of aging have been validated. Adult animals were subjected to a chronic moderate CR (-30%) or dietary supplementation with RSV (200 mg. Kg-1. Day-1) from 3 years of age and until the end of their life (8-10 years), and compared to a control group fed ad libitum. Adaptation to CR, characterized by an energy balance maintained close to that of controls, involved a strong modulation of daily hypothermia phase, especially during thewinter season. Unlike CR, RSV increased energy expenditure and reduced food intake. A beneficial effect of RSV on resynchronisation of locomotor activity rhythm on lights on was also observed. In the long term, seasonal variations of the main biological parameters analysed (body composition, energy expenditure, hormonal level) were maintained for both treatments and the decline of several markers of aging observed in control animals (improved memory processes and maintenance of motor skills) was delayed. Adaptation to long-term treatment and the identification of first anti-aging effects similar between both treatments confirm the potential use of RSV as a CR mimetic. The results of this study show for the first time the beneficial effects of RSV in a non-human primate
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Canale, Cindy. "Changements climatiques et réponses adaptatives : flexibilité phénotypique et compromis énergétiques chez un primate hétérotherme (Microcebus murinus)." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066381.
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Les changements climatiques actuels se manifestent par un accroissement des événements climatiques extrêmes entraînant des pertes de disponibilité alimentaire. Chez les organismes longévifs, la plasticité phénotypique serait le principal mécanisme de réponse adaptative face à l’instabilité climatique. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail a été d’évaluer le rôle de la flexibilité physiologique dans la compensation des contraintes environnementales. Ce mécanisme a été exploré chez un primate hétérotherme, le Microcèbe murin, dont la flexibilité phénotypique et des mécanismes d’économie d’énergie ont évolué en réponse à une forte instabilité de son environnement naturel. En réponse à une pénurie alimentaire, la flexibilité de la torpeur au cours de la saison hivernale permet de compenser la diminution des ressources trophiques mais également de maintenir l’investissement reproducteur la saison suivante. Le succès reproducteur des femelles ainsi que les performances cognitives et physiques de leurs juvéniles ne sont pas affectés. Lors d’une exposition à un pathogène, l’allocation énergétique à la réponse immunitaire entre en conflit avec les mécanismes d’économie d’énergie. Les heures suivant un challenge immunitaire, l’énergie est allouée à la réponse pyrogénique, incluant le coût énergétique de la thermogenèse. Or, une faible disponibilité énergétique entraîne un rapide retour en torpeur les jours suivants. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que la flexibilité physiologique est adaptative. En conclusion, la flexibilité de la torpeur permettrait aux organismes hétérothermes de compenser l’augmentation d’événements climatiques extrêmes par plasticité phénotypique.
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Cowley, Nicola. "Realism-based approaches for evaluating bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials used in home and personal care products." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/realismbased-approaches-for-evaluating-bacterial-susceptibility-to-antimicrobials-used-in-home-and-personal-care-products(58428a27-4b98-4bee-af2c-d19cd22f2617).html.
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Microbicides are used in consumer products worldwide to enhance their antibacterial potency in disinfection, for antisepsis or as preservatives. With the widespread use of these compounds, concerns have been expressed about their potential to select for reduced susceptibility. Whilst in vitro studies have reported the laboratory generation of bacterial insusceptibility for certain combinations of bacterium and microbicide, true microbicide resistance, which is defined as a change in susceptibility that is likely to affect the outcome of treatment, has not been frequently reported or observed in the environment. Importantly, risk assessments on the use of microbicides have been largely based on laboratory studies whereby pure cultures of bacteria are exposed to microbicides in aqueous solution. In use however, microbicides are formulated with various excipients and bacteria are exposed to them most commonly in complex biofilm communities. Work described in this doctoral thesis evaluates the effects of exposing bacteria to microbicides using exposure conditions intended to increase realism, with the ultimate aim of informing improved risk assessment methods that better reflect deployment of microbicides in the real-world, taking in to account the effects of formulation, growth in multi-species communities and potential reduced competiveness in adapted bacteria. Test bacteria (8 species, 7 genera) were repeatedly exposed to selected microbicides in aqueous solution and in various formulations reflecting their use in the domestic environment, such as general-purpose cleaners and laundry detergents. Minimum inhibitory concentrations, minimum bactericidal concentrations and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations were determined before and after 14 passages (P14) in the presence of microbicides (benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), chlorhexidine (CHX), didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), Glydant (DMDM-hydantoin), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), thymol and triclosan) in aqueous solution or in formulation, using a previously validated gradient plating system. Bacteria were subsequently passaged a further 14 times in the absence of any antimicrobial agent to determine the stability of any adaptations (X14). In bacterial isolates that demonstrated marked changes in susceptibility, further phenotypic analysis was conducted to test for any induced alterations in antibiotic susceptibility, planktonic growth rate, biofilm formation, competitive fitness and relative pathogenicity. Exposure of microbial communities was carried out using a previously validated domestic drain biofilm simulator within constant depth film fermenters (CDFF). The CDFFs were exposed to increasing concentrations of BAC in aqueous solution or BAC formulation over a 32-week period. Changes in bacterial community composition and antimicrobial susceptibility distributions were assessed via replica plating onto selective and antimicrobial-containing agars as well as through the use of next generation sequencing technologies via the illumina Miseq platform and QIIME software. The formulation of microbicides significantly increased antibacterial and anti-biofilm potency and reduced the incidence and extent of the development of insusceptibility isolated bacteria (7 non-revertible bacteria in MBCs for microbicides, whilst 2 non-revertible bacteria in MBCs for formulations). In bacteria that develop marked changes in antimicrobial susceptibility after repeated exposure show changes to biofilm growth rates (10 increases and 6 decreases after microbicide exposure; 1 increase and 3 decreases after formulation exposure), as well as alterations in competitive fitness (6 decreases and 19 increases after microbicide exposure; whilst all exposed to formulation had decreased fitness) and virulence (9/13 decreased and 1/13 increased after microbicide exposure; 4/7 decreased and 2/7 increased after formulation exposure). In the multispecies microcosm system, long-term exposure to BAC or BAC formulation induced shifts in bacterial community dynamics and resulted in a decrease in BAC and various antibiotic susceptibilities (1 log10 reduction in the BAC system; 2.5 log10 reduction in the BAC formulation system of viable bacteria). Such shifts in community dynamics after antimicrobial treatment are theorised to be mainly due to clonal expansion of innately insusceptible bacteria (abundance of Achromobacter sp. increased by 39% in BAC system and 10% in BAC formulation system). Understanding the potential selectivity of microbicide-containing formulations is likely to better serve by testing formulations as well as actives in aqueous solutions. This highlights the need to conduct risk assessments of induced microbicide susceptibility changes using conditions that more accurately reflect their deployment.
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Khan, Muhammad Irfan. "A lotic microcosm for ecological and ecotoxicological studies on benthic macroinvertebrates." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320214.
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Fang, Min. "Removal of Natural and Synthetic Steroid Hormones through Constructed Wetland Microcosm." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1292943388.
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Küpper, Patrick. "Stereoselektive Totalsynthese verschiedener Cassia- und Microcos-Piperidinderivate Synthese des (-)-Cassins /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979464587.
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Harris, Craig S. "Bioaccumulation of zinc in periphyton and invertebrates, lotic field and microcosm studies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51353.pdf.
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Hudson, Dustin Roger. "Metropolitan Petros of Astoria microcosm of the Old Calendar Movement in America /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Wilhite, Rhonda E. "The effects of atrazine on nitrogen cycling in a freshwater wetland microcosm." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222008-063425/.
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Riedl, Verena Maria. "Development, pesticide exposure and repeatability of an aquatic, tri-trophic laboratory microcosm." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22282/.
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The environmental risk of pesticides is routinely assessed in single-species tests. Multi-species systems are only employed once effect concentrations (divided by safety factors) compared to predicted environmental concentrations give reason for concern. However, direct chemical effects at the individual level often don’t directly translate into impacts observed at higher levels of organization because species interactions play an important role in mediating indirect chemical effects. In this thesis, I aimed to develop a tool that combines the advantages of single-species tests (repeatability, interpretability) and multi-species tests (ecological realism) for the repeatable study of indirect chemical effects mediated by ecological interactions. I show the standardization and testing of a tri-trophic laboratory scale microcosm (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hydra viridissima) to better understand and quantify the effects of multiple stressors (e.g. chemicals, food availability and predation) on organisms and their interactions. We found close repeatability of system dynamics in the short term indicating the system’s ability to detect small pesticide effects and bottom-up and top-down effect propagation. Yet, inter-experimental differences between dynamics in controls were found in the long term. An investigation of the influences of a variety of experimental factors showed that deviations from standardized population dynamics were likely caused by medium related factors that acted on algal populations and led to bottom up effects. These likely masked the effects of a herbicide in exposure experiments and I did not gain conclusive results on direct and possibly indirect herbicide effects on grazer and predator populations. My findings demonstrate that considerable consistency and in-depth understanding of the characteristics of all system components are required to achieve repeatability even in apparently simple multi-species systems. My work illustrates possible pitfalls of tools aimed at the generation of repeatable effect data on ecologically relevant endpoints and identifies future research needs to achieve repeatable dynamics in the tri-trophic microcosm and to enhance its applicability.
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Giroud, Sylvain. "Différences saisonnières des mécanismes d'économie d'énergie d'un primate malgache hétérotherme : le microcèbe." Strasbourg 1, 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/GIROUD_Sylvain_2008.pdf.
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L’évolution a sélectionné des stratégies d’économie d’énergie afin de permettre aux espèces vivantes de survivre au sein des environnements fluctuants. Dans le contexte des changements globaux, la survie de nombreuses espèces dépendra des limites de plasticité de ces stratégies. Les petites espèces, énergétiquement défavorisées et vivant dans des zones aux environnements très contrastés, représentent de bons modèles pour étudier ces limites adaptatives. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes attachés à déterminer la nature et les limites des mécanismes physiologiques adaptatifs utilisés par le Microcèbe (Microcebus murinus), espèce unique au sein des primates de part sa taille et son hétérothermie saisonnière qui calque la disponibilité des ressources malgachesEvolution has favored the strategies of energy saving to allow living species to survive in fluctuating environments. In the context of global changes, the survival of the species depends on the limits of the plasticity of theses strategies. Small species, which are energetically disadvantaged and live in contrasted environment, represent suitable models for the study of these adaptive limits. This study aimed to determine the nature and the limits of the physiological adaptive mechanisms used by the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), which is a unique model among Primates due to its small size and due to its seasonal heterothermy, matching the Malagasy resource availability
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Farrell, Jonathan Bay. "Duckweed Uptake of Phosphorus and Five Pharmaceuticals: Microcosm and Wastewater Lagoon Studies." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1212.
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Duckweed species L. turionifera and W. borealis grow on Wellsville Municipal Sewage Lagoons in northern Utah and, when harvested, contribute to the removal of phosphorus and pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Microcosm studies showed that duckweed contains an average of 1% phosphorus (dry weight) and removes 113 mg-P/m2day under 200 μmol/m2sec light. Duckweed in laboratory experiments reduced influent phosphorus ranging from 3.88 to 5.2 mg-TP/L to effluent concentrations of 0.88 mg-P/L in 3 days to 0.16 mg-P/L (0.32 mg-TP/L) with continual harvesting and a liquid retention time of 46 days. Duckweed removal of pharmaceuticals was comparable to removal by membrane bio-reactors. Duckweed removed 99% acetaminophen mainly by plant uptake; 98% progesterone primarily by absorption to plant tissue; 90% fluoxetine by adsorption with some biological removal attributed to plants; and sulfamethoxazole removal varied between 25 to 90% depending on polarity. Carbamazepine did not react with duckweed. Typical influent wastewater concentrations of the five pharmaceuticals in this study were not toxic to duckweed with an EC50 value of 614 μg/L per compound. HPLC/MS detection of pharmaceuticals in liquid samples using solid phase extraction at a neutral pH and silanized glassware produced 92-102% recoveries. Analysis of extracted solids produced lower recoveries. Solid extraction efficiencies ranged from 56-70% for samples stored for 24 hours and decreased with increasing storage time. Field growth studies showed higher than expected duckweed growth rates in the spring compared to three models due to turion germination after the ice melts. The growth rates decreased in the fall due to turion formation in preparation for winter. Harvesting duckweed from the Wellsville Municipal Sewage Lagoons should begin after full surface coverage around June 17th and end when temperatures fall below 15 °C around September 15th. Bi-weekly harvests with a starting plant density of 75 g-dry duckweed/m2 for the lagoons operating at 0.547 MGD and 5 mg-TP/L are required to physically remove enough phosphorus in order to meet the city’s 432 kg-P/yr discharge permit. A duckweed phosphorus harvesting system in Wellsville was estimated to produce enough biomass to meet the P-discharge limit until the flow increases above 0.656 MGD around the Year 2017.
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Wang, Felix Yuen-Yi. "Evaluation of Enhanced Bioremediation for Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethene (PCE): Microcosm Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33093.
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Laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to assess the potential for biostimulation and bioaugmentation as source reduction measures in support of a monitored natural attenuation remedial strategy at Naval Amphibious Base (NAB) Little Creek. Previous work with laboratory microcosms conducted under simulated natural (unamended) conditions has demonstrated that indigenous dehalorespirators were capable of partial dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) to cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE). This study attempts to achieve complete reductive dechlorination with amendments to static microcosms to test the hypotheses that nutrient-limited or microorganism-limited conditions exist in aquifer sediments obtained from the site. The enhanced bioremediation experiments were comprised of nutrient-amended microcosms receiving additions of electron donors, mineral medium, or anaerobic digester supernatant, and dechlorinating culture-amended microcosms were inoculated with a culture capable of transforming PCE to ethene. Reductive dechlorination in the nutrient-amended microcosms proceeded to cis-DCE over a 260-day study period, at slightly higher rates than in experiments conducted with aquifer sediments from the same location under natural conditions. Inoculation of aquifer sediments with a small amount of dechlorinating culture initiated rapid transformation of PCE to vinyl chloride (VC) by day 18 of the study. Zero-order rates of PCE dechlorination in unamended, propionate-, formate-, mineral medium-, digester supernatant-, and dechlorinating culture-amended microcosms were 0.24, 0.750, 1.30, 0.339, 0.177, and 1.75 µM/day, respectively. The results of this study suggest that an engineered biostimulation approach alone may not be as beneficial for PCE source reduction at NAB Little Creek, than bioaugmentation with competent dehalorespirators, along with the inclusion of supplemental nutrients which would be available to stimulate dechlorination activity of both indigenous and introduced microorganisms.Master of Science
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Still, Patrick C. "Cytotoxic Alkaloids from Microcos paniculata with Activity at Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365688930.
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Craig, Duncan L., and Duncan Craig@foodstandards gov au. "Use of microcosm and in-situ studies for the estimation of exposure risk from recreational coastal waters and sediments." Flinders University. Medicine, 2005. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20051108.093750.
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The interaction of microorganisms with sediments can enhance their survival by reducing exposure to various stressors and thus marine sediments may act as reservoirs for pathogenic microorganisms. In coastal waters there can be an increased risk of infection to humans due to the possible re-suspension of these microorganisms during recreational activities. This research attempts to more accurately identify environmental exposure in the first stage of a health risk assessment in recreational coastal waters. Techniques were developed to successfully separate microorganisms from sediment particles. Of the methods investigated, subjecting diluted sediment samples to a sonication bath for 10 minutes was found to be the most efficient separation technique over a range of sediment types. This method was therefore used in the subsequent studies to enumerate organisms from the surface sediment layer, as distinct from the water column. Faecal coliforms were enumerated by membrane filtration in both water and sediment from three Adelaide metropolitan recreational coastal sites, chosen to represent different physical sediment characteristics, over a 12-month period. All sites investigated met current National Health and Medical Research Council Guidelines for primary contact recreation. Faecal coliform concentrations were generally greater in sediment compared with overlying water for all samples. This was most evident in sediment consisting of greater silt/clay and organic carbon content (with up to 1000 times higher concentrations in the surface sediment layer compared with overlying water). For coastal recreational sites impacted by stormwater or river discharges, high faecal coliform concentrations were found to be associated with rainfall. A laboratory-based microcosm study utilising intact sediment cores was undertaken to determine the decay rates of faecal indicator organisms (E. coli, enterococci and somatic coliphage) and pathogens (Salmonella derby and S. typhimurium) in both overlying water and in various sediment types. For all organisms tested, temperature had an inverse relationship with survival. Greater decay was observed in the overlying water compared to the surface sediment layer. Small particle size and high organic carbon content was found to be more conducive to microbial survival. In general, decay rates of E. coli were significantly greater than enterococci and coliphage. Although no significant correlations were observed between decay rates of the pathogens and indicator organisms, decay of Salmonella spp. in overlying water more closely resembled that of E. coli than that of other indicators. Using decay rates measured in the microcosm study and available dose-response data, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) utilising Monte Carlo simulation was undertaken to estimate the risk of infection to Salmonella spp. and rotavirus following exposure to recreational coastal water subject to a range of faecal contamination levels. For modelling purposes, the assumption was made that rotavirus decay was equivalent to coliphage decay. The probability of infection from rotavirus due to exposure to contaminated recreational coastal water was greater than that for Salmonella spp. under all scenarios. This increased probability of infection is linked to the high infectivity of rotavirus compared to Salmonella spp. Results of this research highlight the limited effectiveness of using prescribed faecal coliform concentrations in the water column alone to estimate the risk of exposure to pathogenic microorganisms during recreational activity at coastal areas. It demonstrated that coastal sediments act as a reservoir for both indicator and pathogenic organisms released into the coastal environment. This suggests an increased exposure risk if these organisms are resuspended back into the water column during recreational activity. A combined risk-based monitoring program would provide a more robust and reliable estimate of health risk associated with coastal recreational areas.
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Lyons, John Joseph. "The principal's microcosm: an exploration of the interplay between the leader's meaning system and school self-renewing processes." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Education, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001464/.
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Despite research on the school principalship having evolved over past decades, the prevailing standpoint has largely remained an outsider's perspective upon external behavioural manifestations of principalship. Whilst valuable in their own right, such models of research accord little importance to the effect of thought and intention on behaviour. The purpose of this research was to articulate the notion of a principal's "microcosm" as a means of capturing the dynamics of meaning making in the principalship, when the cognitive world of the principal and the actual work of school leadership interact. The functional context was the expectations of catholic school authorities that schools will engage in processes of continuous self-renewal. Following comprehensive analysis of recent theoretical and research literature, a preliminary framework for the principal's microcosm was generated. A single-investigator, multiple-site case study methodology was utilised to conduct the field research, which was carried out in a provincial city of an Australian state. Three principals were selected as the subjects for in-depth exploration and analysis over a period of 16 months. A range of qualitative research strategies was employed, encompassing formal and informal interactions with the three principals and selected members of their professional communities. On the basis of the field study, a refined framework for the principal's microcosm was developed. Four major conclusions were identified. First, the notion of microcosm offers promise as an explanatory and analytical tool for focussing upon the complexities of change in school settings. Second, metaphor was observed to be integral to microcosm and its usefulness for comprehending leader behaviours was identified. The third conclusion concerned the potential of the construct microcosm for facilitating leader development through assisting individual leaders to reflect upon and to critically examine personal meanings embedded within their own professional practice. Finally, this research makes a contribution to clarifying the nature of catholic education itself.