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Academic literature on the topic 'Microestrutura e durabilidade'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microestrutura e durabilidade"
Mauri, J., D. P. Dias, G. C. Cordeiro, and A. A. Dias. "Argamassa geopolimérica: estudo da degradação por sulfato de sódio e ácido sulfúrico." Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 14, no. 3 (2009): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-70762009000300015.
Full textSilva, Juliana Oliveira da, Sâmea Valensca Alves Barros, Gerbeson Carlos Batista Dantas, and Patrícia Mendonça Pimentel. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA CINZA DA CASCA DE ARROZ VISANDO APLICAÇÃO NA CONFECÇÃO DE MATERIAIS ALTERNATIVOS PARA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL." Revista de Ciências Ambientais 14, no. 1 (April 14, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18316/rca.v14i1.5296.
Full textBaldovino, Jair de Jesús Arrieta, Ronaldo Luis Dos Santos Izzo, Juliana Lundgren Rose, and Érico Rafael Da Silva. "Parâmetros de resistência e de durabilidade de um silte sedimentar cimentado para aplicação em pavimentação." TRANSPORTES 28, no. 5 (December 15, 2020): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v28i5.2106.
Full textIsaia, Geraldo Cechella, Raúl Luis Zerbino, Antonio Luiz Guerra Gastaldini, and Gemma Rodrigues Sensale. "Viabilidade do emprego de cinza de casca de arroz natural em concreto estrutural (parte II): durabilidade." Ambiente Construído 17, no. 2 (June 2017): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212017000200155.
Full textAlbuquerque, Pedro Paulo Albuquerque Cavalcanti de, Marina Barreto Pereira Moreno, Alexander Cassandri Nishida, Ezequias Costa Rodrigues Junior, and Carlos Eduardo Francci. "Microhardness, Color Stability and Microstructural Analysis of Prefabricated Composite Resin Veneers." Journal of Health Sciences 21, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n3p284-289.
Full textCastro, A. L. de, and V. C. Pandolfelli. "Revisão: conceitos de dispersão e empacotamento de partículas para a produção de concretos especiais aplicados na construção civil." Cerâmica 55, no. 333 (March 2009): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132009000100003.
Full textXavier, G. C., F. Saboya, P. C. A. Maia, and J. Alexandre. "Análise de processos de degradação acelerada em laboratório para estudo da durabilidade de peças cerâmicas vermelhas incorporadas com resíduo de granito." Cerâmica 55, no. 333 (March 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132009000100001.
Full textCastro, A. L. de, J. B. L. Liborio, and V. C. Pandolfelli. "Desempenho de concretos avançados para a construção civil, formulados a partir do método de dosagem computacional." Cerâmica 55, no. 335 (September 2009): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132009000300002.
Full textCampos, Jackyel Venâncio Andrade, Elvys Dias Reis, Carlos José Dias, and Heron Freitas Resende. "Concreto em altas temperaturas: um estudo de caso sobre um incêndio em edifício residencial em Minas Gerais." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (July 28, 2021): e53110918551. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18551.
Full textCosta Junior, Milton Paulino, and Sayonara Maria Moraes Pinheiro. "Análise da durabilidade de concreto armado com fissuras induzidas por carregamento." Revista ALCONPAT 11, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v11i2.510.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Microestrutura e durabilidade"
Silva, Isac José da. "Contribuição ao estudo dos concretos de elevado desempenho: propriedades mecânicas, durabilidade e microestrutura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-20012011-100650/.
Full textHigh performance concrete (HPC) is concrete that meets the requisites of hardness and mechanical strength of construction applications, and is produced with selected materiaIs, efficient equipment and controlled procedures. An experimental study was carried out with the main purpose of analyzing and establishing correlations based on mechanical properties and durability of the matrix\'s microstructure. To this end, the following factors were taken into consideration: a) the use of aggregates available in the region of São Carlos, SP, analyzing their fundamental characteristics; b) the use of Portland CP II E 32, CP V AR! Plus and CP V AR! RS cements according to the ABNT code, establishing a synergy with the other materiais involved; c) the establishment of dosages in the search for greater compactness; d) the relation among the constituents, correlating them with the forms of production and characteristics of application; e) follow-up of the development of hydration and of the microstructures of the compositions established, and the influence of the addition of active silica in the matrix as a whole. The microstructural analysis was based on tests of porosity by mercury intrusion, porosity by adsorption of nitrogen gas, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that active silica exerts a strong influence on the quality of high performance concretes, particularly when associated with slag, indicating the possibility of producing durable concretes. Similarly, the mechanical findings suggest excellent prospects for HPC production, with high compressive strength in the range of up to 110MPa, flexural strength in the order of 10MPa, and abrasive strength approximately 40% superior to that of conventional concretes.
Ferreira, Junior Epaminondas Luiz. "Avaliação de propriedades de concretos de cimento Portland de alto-forno e cimento Portland de alta resistencia inicial submetidos a diferentes condições de cura." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258269.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
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Resumo: A durabilidade do concreto é dependente de fatores que vão desde a sua produção (tipo de cimento, de agregados, adensamento, tipo de cura, etc.) até a influência do meio ao qual o material está exposto. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar algumas propriedades mecânicas e a durabilidade de concretos produzidos com cimento Portland com elevado teor de escória (CP III) e cimento Portland de alta resistência inicial (CP V -ARI). Os concretos foram submetidos a quatro tipos de cura: normal, imerso em água por 7 dias, ao ar e térmica. Na cura térmica foram empregadas duas temperaturas de cura: 60°C e 80°C. Para avaliação da resistência mecânica, foram realizados ensaios de compressão axial e tração por compressão diametral. Para a durabilidade, foram realizados ensaios de absorção capilar, permeabilidade ao ar, carbonatação natural e acelerada e penetração de cloretos. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura foi usada para observação microestrutura dos compostos hidratados e o efeito dos ensaios acelerados, tendo como variáveis o tipo de cimento e o regime de cura. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a cura térmica não contribui significativamente para a elevação da resistência nas primeiras idades para os concretos produzidos com CP V-ARI, mas melhora em muito a resistência dos concretos produzidos com CP-III, principalmente na temperatura de 80°C. Quanto à durabilidade, os concretos com CP V -ARI apresentaram bons resultados com relação a carbonatação, mas mostraram resultados mais elevados na absorção e penetração de cloretos. A cura por imersão em água até sete dias mostrou-se satisfatória, atingindo resultados similares em relação à cura normal em todas as propriedades estudadas. Os piores resultados, tanto mecânicos quanto de durabilidade, foram obtidos pelas amostras curadas ao ar, e foram mais prejudiciais nos concretos produzidos com CP III. Concluiu-se que um regime de cura adequado é essencial para garantir a resistência mecânica e a durabilidade dos concretos, e que a resistência mecânica não pode ser usada como parâmetro de durabilidade
Abstract: The durability of concrete depends of factors that change with its production. There is the influence of cement type, aggregates, casting, curing procedures, and the influence of the aggressive environment in which the material is exposed. The aim this work was to study the mechanical performance and durability of concretes made from High Early Strength Cement (HPC) and Blast-furnace Slag Cement (BFSC). Concretes were submitted to different curing conditions: cured in water (standard curing), curing in water up to 7 days (immersion curing), curing in air at ambient temperature and steam curing under atmospheric pressure. In steam curing it were used two curing temperatures: 60°C and 80°C. For assessment of mechanical properties, testing of compressive and tensile strength were determined. Durability was determined by capillary absorption, air permeability, natural and accelerated carbonation, and chloride ion absorption. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to observe the feature of the hydrated compounds and the effect of the variation the cement type and curing conditions. According to the obtained results, steam curing do not improve the strength at early ages for concretes made from HPC, but it is better for concretes made with BFSC in steam curing at 80°C Concretes made with HPC showed the worst results for chlorides absorption. The immersion curing (in water up to 7 days) showed similar results compared to standard curing for all properties studied. The worst results, for all properties were obtained for samples cured in air, and the concretes made with BFSC were more sensible to curing procedure. In this way, its was conc1uded that curing procedure is essential for reach the development of mechanical properties and durability of concretes, and that mechanical properties cannot be reference for durability
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Sokolovicz, Bóris Casanova. "MICROESTRUTURA E DURABILIDADE A CLORETOS DE PROTÓTIPOS DE CONCRETO COM CINZA DE CASCA DE ARROZ COM E SEM MOAGEM PRÉVIA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7811.
Full textCement is the main component of concrete, which is the second most common material used by man. The cement manufacturing process is largely responsible for the emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The construction industry has been studying the possibility of using agroindustrial byproducts for cement mortars, which aims to reduce the environmental impact of cement production and promote improvements in the performance of concrete. In this context, the rice husk ash is one of the most studied mineral additions, as well as being an industrial waste widely available, generally provides a longer service life of reinforced concrete structures. This paper investigates the microstructure and durability of rice husk ash and residual natural, unprocessed prior production of structural concrete. We studied prototypes of concrete with dimensions of 20 x 20 x 75 cm with partial replacement of cement by rice husk ash and milled in natural levels of 0%, 15% and 25% in the relations / ag 0.45; 0 55 and 0.65. These prototypes were exposed to natural environmental conditions, up to 540 days. We conducted tests of compressive strength, water chemically combined (AC), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), accelerated penetration of chlorides (EAPC) by the method of ASTM C 1202 and total chlorides retained. The results showed that the compressive strength at 540 days showed the highest values for mixtures with crushed CCA, while mixtures containing natural CCA showed the lowest resistance being lower than the reference blend. In assay mixtures containing CCA AC ground showed the best performance. For testing PIM, mixtures that showed the highest amounts of mesopores and pores of gel mixtures were milled with CCA, where there was the refinement of the pores of the 91 days to 540 days, thereby reducing the porosity of these mixtures. For the test of EAPC, mixtures ground with CCA showed the lowest cargo bystanders, especially the mixture with 25% substitution. The blends with natural CCA showed loads passers below the reference mixture, showing a good performance. For the assay of the total content of chloride retained, mixtures with CCA ground showed the lowest levels, confirming that the best performance of CCA promotes grinding on concrete. The blends with natural CCA showed values very close to the reference mixture. The results show the technical feasibility of CCA natural levels in 15% of partial replacement of cement.
O cimento é o principal componente do concreto, que é o segundo material mais utilizado pelo homem. O processo de fabricação do cimento é o maior responsável pela emissão de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera. A indústria da construção civil vem estudando a possibilidade de utilizar subprodutos agroindustriais em substituição ao cimento, cujo objetivo é reduzir o impacto ambiental da produção do cimento e promover melhorias no desempenho do concreto. Neste contexto, a cinza de casca de arroz é uma das adições minerais mais estudadas, pois além de ser um resíduo industrial amplamente disponível, geralmente proporciona uma vida útil maior às estruturas de concreto armado. O presente trabalho investiga a microestrutura e durabilidade da cinza de casca de arroz residual e natural, sem beneficiamento prévio, na produção de concreto estrutural. Foram estudados protótipos de concreto com dimensões de 20 x 20 x 75 cm com substituição parcial de cimento por cinza de casca de arroz moída e natural nos teores de 0%, 15% e 25%, nas relações a/ag 0,45; 0,55 e 0,65. Estes protótipos foram expostos em condições ambientais naturais, até 540 dias. Procederam-se os ensaios de resistência à compressão axial, água quimicamente combinada (AC), porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio (PIM), penetração acelerada de cloretos (EAPC) pelo método da ASTM C 1202 e cloretos totais retidos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a resistência à compressão axial aos 540 dias atingiram os maiores valores para as misturas com CCA moída, enquanto que as misturas contendo CCA natural apresentaram as menores resistências, sendo inferior à mistura referência. No ensaio de AC as misturas com CCA moída apresentaram o melhor desempenho. Para o ensaio de PIM, as misturas que apresentaram as maiores quantidades de poros de gel e mesoporos foram as misturas com CCA moída, onde observou-se o refinamento dos poros dos 91 dias para os 540 dias, reduzindo assim a porosidade destas misturas. Em relação ao ensaio de EAPC, as misturas com CCA moída apresentaram as menores cargas passantes, com destaque para a mistura com 25% de substituição. As misturas com CCA natural apresentaram cargas passantes inferiores à mistura referência, mostrando um bom desempenho. Para o ensaio do teor total de cloretos retidos, as misturas com CCA moída apresentaram os menores níveis, confirmando o melhor desempenho que a moagem da CCA promove no concreto. As misturas com CCA natural apresentaram valores muito próximos à mistura referência. Os resultados obtidos mostram a viabilidade técnica da CCA natural nos teores de 15% de substituição parcial de cimento.
Fonsêca, Nayara Jhéssica Marques da. "Potencial de substituição do cimento pela cal em tijolos de solo-cimento com incorporação de resíduo cerâmico." PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL, 2018. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/25338.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A construção civil é uma importante indústria no sistema econômico em que está inserida. Além de gerar emprego e renda, o setor também contribui modificando o cenário natural para garantir à sociedade moradia, segurança e bem-estar. No entanto, os altos índices de recursos naturais utilizados pela construção, bem como as grandes quantidades de resíduos gerados por ela, trazem grande preocupação referente ao impacto ambiental negativo gerado e as suas consequências. Tendo em vista o alto consumo energético no processo de fabricação do cimento, as grandes quantidades de CO2 emitidas durante a queima do clínquer, a disponibilidade de cal hidratada na região Nordeste do Brasil e ainda, o alto índice de perdas que envolve os blocos cerâmicos utilizados em alvenarias de vedação, esse trabalho avaliou o potencial de substituição do cimento pela cal em tijolos de solo-cimento com incorporação de resíduo cerâmico (RC). Foram desenvolvidas composições ternárias de solo + 12% cimento + 4% RC, solo + 12% cal hidratada + 4% RC, quaternárias de solo + 6% cimento + 6% cal hidratada + 4% RC. As composições também foram formuladas sem adição de RC para servirem como referência e possibilitar a análise da influência do resíduo sobre o comportamento dos tijolos produzidos. Após os processos de prensagem e cura dos tijolos, estes foram submetidos a ensaios de resistência mecânica, absorção de água e durabilidade modificada. Em seguida, analisou-se a microestrutura desses materiais através de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Difração de raios X (DRX) das superfícies de fratura. Dados os teores de sílica e alumina presentes, tanto no solo empregado, como no resíduo cerâmico finamente moído, pode ocorrer a reação pozolânica que, por sua vez, contribui para a melhoria das propriedades físicas e mecânicas das composições estudadas. Observou-se que os tijolos produzidos apresentaram boas condições de resistência a compressão simples, absorção de água e durabilidade em acordo com recomendações das Normas vigentes para tijolos em aplicação não estrutural. Os resultados experimentais constataram que a composição ternária solo + 12% cimento + 4% RC apresentou valores mais significativos, ultrapassando 2 Mpa de resistência à compressão simples, a partir dos 150 dias de cura. Entre as misturas quaternárias, a formulação solo + 6% cimento + 6% cal e 4% RC apresentou o melhor desempenho, superando a resistência à compressão mínima de 2 MPa recomendada pela Norma, a partir dos 120 dias de cura. Com base nos resultados obtidos é possível concluir que, tanto do ponto de vista técnico, como econômico, a substituição do cimento pela cal em tijolos de solocimento, é viável, com os benefícios da incorporação do RC e observando-se os tempos de cura necessários para a efetiva hidratação dos aglomerantes e das reações pozolânicas.
Civil construction is an important industry in the economic system in which it is inserted. In addition to generating employment and income, the sector also contributes by modifying the natural landscape to guarantee society housing, security and well-being. However, the high indices of natural resources used by the construction, as well as the large amounts of waste generated by it, raise great concern about the negative environmental impact generated and the serious consequences. Considering the high energy consumption in the cement manufacturing process, the large amounts of CO2 emitted during clinker firing, the availability of hydrated lime in the Northeast region of Brazil, and also the high loss rate involving the ceramic blocks used in sealing masonry, this work evaluated the potential of cement substitution by lime in soil-cement bricks with ceramic residue (RC) incorporation. Ternary compositions of soil + 12% cement + 4% CR, soil + 12% hydrated lime + 4% CR, quaternary soil + 6% cement + 6% hydrated lime + 4% CR were developed. The compositions were also formulated without addition of RC to serve as reference and enable the analysis of the influence of the residue on the behavior of the bricks produced. After the pressing and curing processes of the bricks, they were submitted to tests of mechanical resistance, water absorption and modified durability. Then, the microstructure of these materials was analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) of the fracture surfaces. Given the silica and alumina contents present in both the used soil and the finely ground ceramic residue, the so-called pozzolanic reaction occurs, that contribute to the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the compositions studied. It was observed that the bricks produced presented good conditions of resistance to simple compression, water absorption and durability in accordance with the recommendations of the current Standards for bricks in nonstructural application. The experimental results showed that the ternary composition soil + 12% cement + 4% CR showed more significant values, exceeding 2 MPa of simple compression strength, after 150 days of cure. Among the quaternary mixtures, the soil formulation + 6% cement + 6% lime and 4% CR showed the best performance, exceeding the minimum compression strength of 2 MPa recommended by Norma, after 120 days of cure. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that, from a technical and economic point of view, the replacement of cement by lime in soil-cement bricks is viable, with the benefits of incorporating RC and observing the necessary for the effective hydration of the binders and the pozzolanic reactions.
Filho, Juarez Hoppe. "Sistemas cimento, cinza volante e cal hidratada: mecanismo de hidratação, microestrutura e carbonatação de concreto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-19082008-172648/.
Full textThe use of fly ash in the composition of the cementitious material makes it more sustainable, besides conferring to the hydrated matrix peculiar characteristics which improve its performance with relation to the action of different deleterious agents. The main disadvantage of pozzolan utilization in cementious systems is its susceptibility to carbonation. The greatest neutralization rate of the aqueous solution of the cement pore is, generally, attributed to the smallest amount of portlandite remaining in the matrix. It is necessary to widen knowledge about the characteristics of the fly ash which influence the interaction with calcium hydroxide in order to promote preventive measures with regard to portlandite consumption. This current research aims at verifying the efficiency of hydrated lime addition to concrete by using pozzolanic cement as a way of reducing its susceptibility to carbonation. The steps employed to attain this objective include: fly ash characterization with an emphasis on glass content; fly ash and calcium hydroxide systems kinetics; hydration evolution; and the consequent microstructure variation. In cementious systems of concrete whose composition is either 100% cement or 50% cement and 50% fly ash _ with or without 20% addition of hydrated lime _ it was characterized the microstructure of covercrete and its performance with regard to the interaction with carbon dioxide in accelerated testing. In the studied fly ash, glass content was 57% and the maximum consumption per pozzolanic activity, which is function of BET specific surface area, was 0.69 g of Ca(OH)2/g of glass content in the fly ash. As far as pozzolanic Portland cement is concerned, this consumption is smaller due to the structure formed by the cement hydration. The addition of hydrated lime to the cement paste and fly ash, besides increasing the consumption of lime per pozzolanic activity, partially, reestablished the remaining content of portlandite in the matrix. The interaction of the fly ash with the hydrated lime does not interfere in the total volume of void spaces in the hydrated matrix; however, it refines the microstructure by increasing the volume of mesopores. Carbonation in concrete with the same compressive strength of 55 MPa reached its deepest point when performed in pozzolanic cement. The addition of hydrated lime was not efficient at reducing susceptibility to accelerated carbonation.
Alves, Rodrigo Teodoro. "Avaliação das características de diferentes metacaulins e sua influência na estrutura interna do concreto e em propriedades ligadas à durabilidade." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6544.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Cementitious materials have been used since antiquity. The development of silica fume as a pozzolana has afforded significant improvements to concrete technology. Now, new high performance mineral admixtures have come to light, such as highly-reactive metakaolin. This material has presented great results, trough more than a decade, in researches made by the group of study of concrete durability of UFG. The fact of metakaolin concretes shows great performance towards durability and mechanical strength is controversial, once the silica content is about 55%, which, theoretically, would result in a smaller volume of C-S-H, from the pozzolanic reaction. However, as it is a very fine material, its physical effect in concrete seems to be more prominent, besides, the alumina that there is in metakaolin also produces interesting hydrated compounds. This way, the goal of the present work is to evaluate the changes in the microstructure of concrete using three types of metakaolin, manufactured by the same company. The main differences between than is their fineness. The specific surface area, measured by BET method, varied from about 8 000 m²/kg to 31 000 m²/kg. Moreover, one of them – the coarser one – differs from the other because it has a high chemical and mineralogical purity. In order to have a better understanding of the properties of the three types of metakaolin, a wide characterization of the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of this mineral admixtures were carried out. Concrete mixtures were than prepared for the purpose of knowing the influence of the characteristics of the metakaolins in the mechanical and durability related properties and microstructure of the concrete. Metakaolin concretes studied in this work showed significant improvement in mechanical strength, total porosity, pore refinement, electrical resistivity and non-steady state chloride migration. The evaluation of concrete microstructure shows that metakaolin promoted a densification of interfacial transition zone between the paste matrix and aggregate. Furthermore, there are indications suggesting that in metakaolin concrete can occur the formation of Friedel’s salt. Thus, it follows that the addition of the three different types of metakaolin had significantly changed the properties of concrete, with positive highlight for the properties associated to concrete durability, in which the benefits of the mineral admixtures were more pronounced.
Os materiais pozolânicos têm sido utilizados desde a antiguidade. A descoberta da sílica ativa como adição mineral proporcionou significativos ganhos à tecnologia do concreto. Agora, porém novas adições minerais de alto desempenho tem surgido, como o metacaulim de alta reatividade. Esse material tem apresentado bons resultados nas pesquisas realizadas ao longo de mais de uma década pelo grupo de estudos de durabilidade do concreto na UFG. O fato de concretos com metacaulim apresentarem bom desempenho frente a propriedades de durabilidade e resistência mecânica é controverso, uma vez que o teor de sílica gira em torno de 55%, o que teoricamente, resultaria em um menor volume de formação de C-S-H, a partir da reação pozolânica. No entanto, por ser um material muito fino, seu efeito físico no concreto parece ser mais proeminente, além disso, a alumina presente no material também produz compostos hidratados interessantes para o concreto endurecido. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as alterações da estrutura interna do concreto com uso de três tipos diferentes de metacaulins, fabricados por uma mesma empresa. As principais diferenças entre eles são a finura. A área superficial específica, medida por BET, variou de cerca de 8 000 m²/kg a 31 000 m²/kg. Além disso, um deles – o mais grosso – se difere dos demais por possuir um elevado grau de pureza química e mineralógica. Para melhor compreender a influência do tipo de metacaulim utilizado, foi realizada uma ampla caracterização física, química e mineralógica dessas adições minerais. Foram dosados concretos com vistas a conhecer a influência das diferentes características dos metacaulins nas propriedades mecânicas, naquelas relativas à durabilidade e na microestrutura dos concretos. Os concretos com os metacaulins estudados apresentaram melhorias significativas na resistência à compressão, porosidade total, resistividade elétrica e migração de cloretos no regime não estacionário. A avaliação da microestrutura do concreto mostra que o metacaulim promoveu uma densificação da zona de transição entre a pasta e o agregado. Além disso, há indícios de nos concretos com metacaulim pode ocorrer a fixação de cloretos na forma de sal de Friedel. Assim, concluiuse que a incorporação dos diferentes tipos de metacaulim alterou significativamente as propriedades do concreto, com destaque positivo para as propriedades associadas à durabilidade, onde os benefícios do uso da adição mineral são mais pronunciados.
Ceferino, Gloria Esther Urrea. "Carbonatação acelerada: um estudo dos parâmetros, efeito da adição mineral, tipo de polpa celulósica e durabilidade em fibrocimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74133/tde-14062017-092252/.
Full textCarbonation accelerated curing process on cementitious matrices reinforced with vegetal fiber is an advance on the way for innovative composite materials suitable for application in developing regions. However, further studies on the carbonation mechanism in natural fiber reinforced cement composite, knowledge about the choice of cellulose fiber, carbonation chamber parameters, the age at which to begin the carbonation curing, the influence of mineral addition and the amount of the main hydrated clinker phases before and after of accelerated aging cycles, and durability test are still needed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the definition of optional parameters for accelerated carbonation curing process, the main hydrated phases of the cement matrix and the durability of fiber-cement reinforced with cellulose pulp. The raw materials used for the cementitious composite mix designs used in this investigation include: Portland cement, filler (limestone or silica) and natural fiber reinforcement (eucalyptus or pines). The cementitious composites were produced by a slurry vacuum dewatering process followed by pressing in laboratory small scale. The curing conditions were conducted on various sets of samples which were studied the effect of accelerated carbonation concentration (0%, 20% and close of 100% of CO2); the effect of cellulosic pulp (unbleached or bleached); the filler effect (limestone and silica); and, the effect of accelerated ageing test (200 soak & dry cycles). A variety of analytical test methods were used to assess the hydration kinetics, the mechanical and the physical properties, and chemical implications in the composites; between them: (X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG and DTG), Infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and B.E.T. surface area analyzer. On the samples subject to close 100% of CO2 the results indicate that the bleached pulp reinforcement composites show in flexural test average statistically significant higher values of modulus rupture and specific energy around 24 % relating with unbleached pulp. On the samples subject to 20% CO2 the silica composite resulted in flexural test average statistically significant higher values of Limit of proportionality around 46% comparing with the limestone composite; the composite with silica addition presents less amount of calcium hydroxide (CH) in comparison with the composite with limestone addition, based on the CH residue detected in the XRD analysis: 3% and 11.5% respectively. After accelerated aging, the silica composites subject to two different curing regimes (carbonated and uncarbonated) presents no statistical reduction of mechanical performance, also there is an absence of ettringite (AFt) at XRD pattern; nevertheless, the carbonated composites present a significantly higher average MOR values. Thus, it is concluded in this study that for cementitious composites cured with accelerated carbonation the use of bleached pulp with silica as mineral addition is indicated.
Lopes, Anne Neiry de Mendonça. "Mitigação da retração autógena em concretos de alta resistência contendo aditivo redutor de retração e seus efeitos na macro e microestrutura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/38774.
Full textThe development of high strength concrete - HSC represented an important advance in concrete technology. However, even knowing that this kind of concrete has several advantages as a structural material, its application is limited by the early ages cracking. This occurrence is due to the autogenous shrinkage phenomenon, once HSC has a greater amount of cementitious material and a lower amount of water in relation to a normal-strength concrete. This condition implies in a greatly refinement of pore structure at early ages which lead to a higher magnitudes of capillary tension than the one observed in a normal-strength concrete. Beyond to study the phenomenon, much research has been conducted in many countries in order to reduce autogenous shrinkage and contribute to more durable structures. So, this research aims to investigate the effectiveness of shrinkage-reducing admixtures – SRA in decreasing the autogenous shrinkage of HSC, and mainly, verify its influence on viscoelastic, elastic and mechanicals properties and durability. The effect of SRA on microstructure and on the cement paste hydration was also investigated. The results show that SRA is effective in reducing the autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage without remarkable changes in elastic and mechanical properties. There were not conclusive results related to the creep property. The concrete durability under the action of aggressive agents (such as water, CO2 and chloride) was not influenced by the SRA, information provided by the results of chloride penetration, natural carbonation, water permeability, capillary absorption and absorption of water tests. In a microstructural point of view, it was observed that the addition of SRA results in a small rise in total pore volume. Besides, the results suggest that the SRA affects the rate of cement hydration and it can interact to the hydrated products of paste without implying in great influences on the macrostructural characteristics of the material.
Arnaud, Ivana Raquel Lima. "Patologia prematura de blocos de fundação de edificação residencial de múltiplos pavimentos em ambiente urbano." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5562.
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The amount of pathologies in young reinforced concrete structures inserted in the urban surroundings have been of some relevance because they are reducing the structures‟ life, causing great troubles and financial losses for users and builders. Concrete pathologies may have different origins and its diagnosis may be quite complex, with the possibility of a simultaneous occurrence, leading difficult the adequate therapy in each case. This research presents a study of a case in which the pathologies have appeared in a building‟s foundation blocks, despite the criteria of ABNT- NBR 6118/2004 being followed in relation to durability. The blocks have shown generalized cracking whose aspect is similar to the alkali-aggregate reaction (RAA) phenomenon. This phenomenon is considered to be a deterioration mechanism caused by chemical actions. Taking this into consideration, the main goal of the present research is to verify if the alkali-aggregate reaction was occurring in the concrete foundation blocks of an building in the city of João Pessoa, presenting, analyzing and discussing the pathological problem. For this, concrete micro-structural tests were carried out through the use of some material characterization analytical techniques such as mineralogical analysis by x-ray diffractions (DRX), microscopic analysis by optical microscopy and by sweeping electronic microscopy (MEV) and thermal analysis by thermogravimetry. Despite the similarity with the RAA, the results of the micro-structural analysis indicated that there was not the presence of the alkali-aggregate reaction nor the one of delayed ettringite as there was no formation of material of a different composition (contrast of gray) inside any cracks nor in the contour of the aggregate, which is typical of a chemical reaction. The outcomes suggest that the cracks in these blocks do not seem to have been generated by expansive mechanisms of a chemical origin. This is due to the fact that no mineral responsible for expansive pathologies such as alkali-silica, ettringite or gypsium has been found (Calcium Sulfate). The cracks that propagate through the cement matrix and contour the aggregate are possibly induced by tensions of a thermal origin.
O crescimento dos casos de patologias precoces em estruturas de concreto armado, inseridas no ambiente urbano, tem gerado grande interesse porque estão reduzindo a vida útil das estruturas, causando muitos transtornos e prejuízos financeiros para os seus usuários e construtores. As patologias do concreto armado podem ter diversas origens e o seu diagnóstico ser bastante complexo, inclusive podendo ocorrer simultaneamente, dificultando a aplicação da terapia adequada a cada caso. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um estudo de caso em que patologias estão se manifestando em blocos de fundação de um prédio, malgrado tenham sido obedecidos os critérios da ABNT- NBR 6118/2004, quanto à questão da durabilidade. Os blocos apresentam fissuração generalizada, cujo aspecto é semelhante ao do fenômeno da reação álcali-agregado. Este fenômeno é considerado um mecanismo de deterioração cuja causa é originada por ações químicas. Face ao exposto, objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se estava ocorrendo ou não a reação álcali-agregado no concreto dos blocos de fundação de um edifício residencial em construção na cidade de João Pessoa, apresentando, analisando, e discutindo o problema patológico neles ocorrido. Para isto, foram realizadas análises microestruturais do concreto, através da utilização de algumas técnicas analíticas de caracterização dos materiais, como análise mineralógica por difração de raios x (DRX), análise microscópica por microscopia óptica e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e análise térmica por termogravimetria. Apesar da semelhança com a RAA, os resultados da análise microestrutural do concreto estudados, indicou que não houve a presença da reação álcali-agregado, nem de formação de etringita retardada, pois não houve formação de material de diferente composição (contraste de cinza) dentro de nenhuma fissura, nem no contorno dos agregados, típica de reação química. Os resultados sugerem que as fissuras nestes blocos não aparentam terem sido geradas por mecanismos expansivos de origem química. Isto porque não foi detectada a presença de nenhum mineral responsável por patologias expansivas tais como gel de álcali-sílica, etringita, nem gypsum (sulfato de cálcio). As fissuras se propagam através da matriz de cimento e contornam o agregado, são possivelmente induzidas por tensões de origem térmica.
Souza, Rui Barbosa de. "Suscetibilidade de pastas de cimento ao ataque por sulfatos - método de ensaio acelerado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-07122006-173150/.
Full textThe main point of this research is to propose a fast and effective method of evaluation of the cement reactivity to sulfate attack. Resistance to sulfate attack was measured by determining the combined sulfate in cement paste samples with exposure to Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solution, at high temperature (65°C). The samples of cement paste was triturated (powdered) in the proposed method. The results of combined SO3 showed that the Class G cement was little less susceptible to the sulfate attack because it has larger amount of Fe2O3. The ettringite formation was observed in the attack for both sulfate salts; and gypsum formation in the attack for MgSO4 (results of TG and XRD). The blended cement presented same results that the others, however when the Ca(OH)2 was totally consumed, it observed the decalcification of the C-S-H, by XRD.