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1
Thomas, Frank R. "Shellfish gathering in Kiribati,Micronesia: Nutritional,microbiological, andtoxicological aspects." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 42, no. 2 (March 2003): 91–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670240390202246.
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Nakayama, Mikiyasu, Scott Drinkall, and Daisuke Sasaki. "Climate Change, Migration, and Vulnerability: Overview of the Special Issue." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1246.
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Atoll countries in the Pacific, namely Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and Tuvalu, will become sources of climate migrants in the foreseeable future. This study aimed to examine if people in these atoll countries were, are, or will be ready to successfully relocate to foreign countries by re-establishing their lives and livelihoods in a new environment. An international collaborative research project was launched and implemented from 2017 to 2019. Case studies were conducted in Micronesia, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands as the origin of climate migrants and in Fiji and the USA as their destination. It was found that a number of legal tools and practical policy measures are available for countries to alleviate the struggles of environmental migrants, despite the lack of a comprehensive legal framework that protects environmental migrants by allowing them to move to other countries. In addition, 65% of the college and university students in the Marshall Islands indicated education as their primary reason to migrate abroad, followed by work (15%), health (8%), family (7%), climate change (3%), and natural disasters (2%). The ratios of students who wished to migrate because of climate change were similar between the Marshall Islands (3%) and Micronesia (4%), despite the fact that the former is an atoll country and the latter is mostly composed of “high-lying islands.” As for the migrants from the Marshall Islands and Micronesia to the USA, climate change was revealed to be a contributing factor for some in their decision to migrate, and more so as a factor for not returning home. It was also found that education had more influence than religion or culture on people’s perception of climate change and its implications in the Marshall Islands and Kiribati. The policy implemented in Vienna, Austria was proved to be effective in avoiding the emergence of society and culture-bound mental illness, which is inherent to large, isolated ethnic communities.
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Thomas, Frank R. "The Behavioral Ecology of Shellfish Gathering in Western Kiribati, Micronesia 1: Prey Choice." Human Ecology 35, no. 2 (November 29, 2006): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9066-5.
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Brindle, R. J., R. P. Eglin, A. J. Parsons, A. V. S. Hill, and J. B. Selkon. "HTLV-1, HIV-1, hepatitis B and hepatitis delta in the Pacific and South-East Asia: a serological survey." Epidemiology and Infection 100, no. 1 (February 1988): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880006564x.
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SUMMARYBlood samples from 13 locations in the Pacific and South-East Asia were tested for evidence of infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV). No samples were positive for antibody to HIV-1. Antibodies to HTLV-1 were found in samples from five locations, the maximum prevalence being 19%, in Vanuatu. Serological markers of HBV infection were found in all locations, the maximal prevalence being 88%, in Majuro, Micronesia. Antibodies to HDV in HBsAg positive sera were found in six locations with a maximum prevalence of 81% in Kiribati.
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Jackson, Kathy, Margaret Littlejohn, Ed Gane, and Stephen Locarnini. "Molecular Phylogenetics of Hepatitis D Virus in New Zealand and the Implications for Pacific Island Countries." Intervirology 64, no. 2 (2021): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513685.
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Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is considered a satellite virus that requires hepatitis B virus surface antigen for infectivity. HDV is endemic in some Pacific Island (PI) countries, including Kiribati and Nauru, with a unique genotype 1, “Pacific clade.” The aims of this study were to determine the HDV genotypes in New Zealand and investigate the link of strains to other PI countries and the rest of the world through phylogenetics. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed on 16 HDV-positive serum samples from 14 individuals collected between 2009 and 2014 at Auckland Hospital. Thirteen of 14 strains were confirmed as genotype 1 and 1 was genotype 5. Eleven of the 13 genotype 1 strains clustered with the Pacific clade. These were isolated from subjects born in Samoa, Kiribati, Tuvalu, and Niue. Another genotype 1 strain isolated from a Maori health-care worker clustered most closely with a European strain. There was an African genotype 1 and genotype 5 from African-born subjects with HIV coinfection. This study supports the probable transmission of HDV Pacific clade around the PI from Micronesia to Polynesia. The data also confirm the need to screen hepatitis B surface antigen-positive individuals for HDV.
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ANCKAR, DAG, and CARSTEN ANCKAR. "Democracies without Parties." Comparative Political Studies 33, no. 2 (March 2000): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414000033002003.
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The belief that modern democracy is party democracy is widespread. However, the belief may be questioned. A number of small independent island states that subscribe to a high extent to democratic values, standards, and institutions manage without political parties. In all, six such cases exist, namely, Belau (Palau), the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, and Tuvalu. The analysis of these cases is guided by three general assumptions: (a) the impact of diminutive size on the existence and number of parties, (b) the corresponding impact of geographical noncontiguity, and (c) the impact of culturally defined resistances against party life and party rule. Comparisons with conditions in other small island states suggest that the assumptions are valid given that extreme values are entered into the analysis. Extreme smallness, an extremely archipelagic geography, and an intense cultural resistance all contribute to an absence of political parties in democracies.
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Thomas, Frank. "The Behavioral Ecology of Shellfish Gathering in Western Kiribati, Micronesia. 2: Patch Choice, Patch Sampling, and Risk." Human Ecology 35, no. 5 (July 3, 2007): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-007-9119-4.
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Thomas, Frank R. "An evaluation of central-place foraging among mollusk gatherers in Western Kiribati, Micronesia: Linking behavioral ecology with ethnoarchaeology." World Archaeology 34, no. 1 (April 2002): 182–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438240220134313.
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GOLDARAZENA, ARTURO, BRUNO MICHEL, and FRED JACQ. "Copidothrips octarticulatus recorded from Tahiti, with first description of the male and larvae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae)." Zootaxa 4949, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.10.
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Heliothrips (Parthenothrips) octarcticulatus was originally described by Schmutz (1913) from Sri Lanka. Subsequently, Hood (1954) described from Taiwan a new genus and species Copidothrips formosus, and then Stannard and Mitri (1962) described a further new genus and species, Mesostenothrips kraussi, from Kiribati and Gibert Islands. Bhatti (1967, 1990), recognized that only a single genus and species was involved amongst these names, established the resultant synonymies, and recorded the species octarcticulatus from various localities between the Seychelles and five different Pacific Island groups. It has also been recorded from Northern Australia, and Thailand (ThripsWiki 2021) as well as Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean (Mound 2019). Despite these records, there is little reliable information about host plants and biology apart from Piper myristicum on Pohnpei island (Micronesia), and also damage caused to the leaves of Aglaonema and Spathoglottis at Darwin in Australia (Mound & Tree 2020). In this note, we add a further interesting host record and describe the previously unknown male as well as the larvae of this species.
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Nakayama, Mikiyasu, Scott Drinkall, and Daisuke Sasaki. "Climate Change, Migration, and Vulnerability." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1245.
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As global sea levels continue to rise, atoll countries—facing persistent and imminent risk—are expected to become source nations of climate migrants in the foreseeable future. This special issue features 10 academic articles, which examine if residents in Pacific atoll countries were, are, or will be ready to re-establish their livelihoods after relocation. The topic of migration is akin to a kaleidoscope, with continuously evolving shapes and colors, necessitating a broad spectrum of approaches across various disciplines. The authors of these articles thus examined the topic through mathematics, civil engineering, cultural and disaster studies, economics, education, geography, international relations, language, law, sociology and politics. The methodologies applied range from policy analysis to structural equation modeling. Migration driven by climate change takes place gradually, even over a few decades. Unlike forced migration due to causes such as war and conflict, future climate migrants have the short-term advantage of time to ready themselves for displacement from their homeland. Preparation prior to relocation may include enhancing one’s language or vocational skills. One of the focal points of this special issue is therefore the preparedness of migrants, both past and future. Case studies were carried out across Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and the United States. We also considered how migrants are received following resettlement, both in terms of legal instruments and assistance given by the public and private sectors. Case studies conducted in Austria and the United States address this aspect. Yet another focus is to identify prevailing factors through which people develop their perceptions of climate change and its implications, for such perceptions are a driving force for migration. Case studies in Kiribati and the Marshall Islands contribute to this understanding. We hope this special issue sharpens the vision of climate change and migration, and serves as a stepping stone for further research in the field.
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Holland, Elisabeth. "Tropical Cyclone Harold meets the Novel Coronavirus." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 26, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v26i1.1099.
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Abstract: COVID-19 began to manifest in the Pacific Islands by early March 2020, starting in the US and French territories, spreading slowly to the independent countries of Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste. All of the independent Pacific countries responded with aggressive measures, closing borders and establishing curfews. Against this background, Tropical Cyclone Harold, formed on April Fool's Day, began its devastating path through four Pacific countries: Solomon Islands with 27 dead in a ferry accident; Vanuatu whose northern islands, including Santo and Malekula were devastated by the cyclone with wind speeds greater than 200 km/h. The devastation continued in Fiji, with two tornadoes and devastation particularly in Kadavu and the southern Lau group. Tropical Cyclone Harold struck Tonga at the height of the king tide. COVID-19 continues to complicate relief efforts, particularly in Vanuatu. As of May 3, 2020, sixteen Pacific countries and territories had yet to report their first confirmed case of COVID-19: American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Pitcairn, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna. The Pacific continues to lead by example motivated by collective stewardship with actions and policies based on science. Pacific leaders continue to work with the World Health Organisation (WHO) to implement COVID-19 management recommendations.
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Hallmann, Nadine, Gilbert Camoin, Jody M. Webster, and Marc Humblet. "A standardized database of Marine Isotopic Stage 5e sea-level proxies on tropical Pacific islands." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 2651–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2651-2021.
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Abstract. Marine Isotope Stage 5 deposits have been reported on many tropical Pacific islands. This paper presents a database compiled through the review of MIS 5e (last interglacial – LIG) coral reef records from islands belonging to French Polynesia (Anaa, Niau, Makatea, Moruroa, Takapoto, Bora Bora), the Hawaiian Islands (Oahu, Lanai, Midway Atoll), Tuvalu, Kiribati (Christmas Island, Tarawa), the Cook Islands (Mangaia, Atiu, Mitiaro, Mauke, Pukapuka, Rakahanga, Rarotonga), Tonga, Samoa, the Federal States of Micronesia, the Mariana Islands, the Marshall Islands (Enewetak, Bikini), New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji and Niue. Studies reporting other sea-level indicators dated to other Pleistocene interglacials and Holocene sea-level indicators were not inserted in the database but are included in this data description paper for completeness. Overall, about 300 studies concerning Pleistocene and Holocene sea-level indicators have been reviewed, and finally 163 age data points and 94 relative sea-level (RSL) data points from 38 studies on the MIS 5e have been inserted in the database. An additional 155 age data points have been reviewed; i.e. the tropical Pacific islands database contains 318 age data points. The main sea-level indicators include emerged coral reef terraces, but also reef units recovered in drill cores from a few islands, thus reflecting the diversity of tectonic settings and sampling approaches. Future research should be directed towards better constrained RSL reconstructions, including more precise chronological data, more accurate elevation measurements and a better refinement of the palaeo-water-depth significance of coralgal assemblages. The database for tropical Pacific islands is available open access at this link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991672 (Hallmann and Camoin, 2020).
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Loo, Sonny G., Gary K. Dowse, Caroline Finch, and Paul Zimmet. "Bimodality analysis of frequency distributions of 2-hour plasma glucose concentrations in the urban Micronesian population of Kiribati." Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 7, no. 2 (April 1993): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1056-8727(93)90029-x.
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"Icerya seychellarum. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, no. 1st revision) (July 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20083133647.
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Abstract A revised distribution map is provided for Icerya seychellarum (Westwood). Hemiptera: Margarodidae. Hosts: polyphagous, especially woody plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Brunei Darussalam; Fujian, Guangdong and Hong Kong, China; Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, India; Indonesia; Japan; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; and Yemen), Africa (Aldabra, Botswana, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Rodrigues Island, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda), South America (Colombia and French Guiana) and Oceania (American Samoa; Northern Territory, Australia; Cook Islands; Federal States of Micronesia; Fiji; French Polynesia; Kiribati; Nauru; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Niue; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; and Vanuatu).
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"Icerya aegyptiaca. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, no. 1st revision) (July 1, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600221.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Icerya aegyptiaca Douglas Hemiptera: Margarodidae Hosts: Fruit trees, mainly breadfruit and jackfruit (Artocarpus spp.), also Annona spp., Citrus spp., Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Morus alba and Psidium guajava. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, China, Guangdong, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal, Israel, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, AFRICA, Benin, Cote d'lvoire, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Samoa, Tuvalu, Wake Island.
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"Aleurodicus dispersus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.June (July 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20063140404.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aleurodicus dispersus Russell. Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae. Hosts: Polyphagous, including avocado (Persea americana), cassava (Manihot esculenta), coconut (Cocos nucifera), guava (Psidium guajava), soyabean (Glycine max) and stone fruit (Prunus spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Portugal, Madeira, Spain, Canary Islands), Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, India, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Africa (Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Ghana, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Togo), North America (USA, Florida, Hawaii), Central America and Caribbean (Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico), South America (Brazil, Bahia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela), and Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, Queensland, Cook Islands, Federal States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau [Belau], Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga).
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"Watermelon mosaic virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500906.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Watermelon mosaic virus Viruses: Potyviridae: Potyvirus Hosts: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and other Cucurbitaceae, also some Fabaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Russian Far East, Spain, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, Bangladesh, China, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Xinjiang, India, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen, AFRICA, Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Ontario, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Ceara, Maranhao, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Chile, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Western, Australia, Cook, Islands Fed., States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, New Zealand, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga.
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"Mycosphaerella musicola. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 8) (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500007.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella musicola J.L. Mulder Fungi: Ascomycota: Dothideales Hosts: Banana (Musa spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Angola, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Florida, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cayman Istands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.
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"Cylas formicarius. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, no. 2nd revision) (July 1, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600278.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Curculionidae Hosts: Mainly sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chagos Archipelago, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Christmas Island, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra, Japan, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues Island, Seychelles, South Africa, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Guyana, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.
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Jilani, Talha, Iryna Lobanova, Brandi R. French, Farhan Siddiq, Camilo R. Gomez, and Adnan I. Qureshi. "Abstract TP197: Countries With an Inverse Ratio of Ischemic Stroke and Ischemic Heart Disease- Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Data." Stroke 51, Suppl_1 (February 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.tp197.
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Background: Ischemic heart disease is more prevalent than ischemic stroke in most countries, including the United States; however, recent data suggests that ischemic stroke may be more prevalent in some countries. We performed this study to identify the countries with an inverse ratio of ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease and associated attributes. Methods: We analyzed the data using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) website; GBD Compare tool published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Seattle, Washington for the year 2017. We categorized individual 195 countries based on the ratio of ischemic stroke/ischemic heart disease and divided them into ≥1.0, 0,5-99, and <0.5. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita for each country was calculated using data from Worldometers. Results: There were 51, 125, and 19 countries with the ratio of ischemic stroke/ischemic heart disease and divided them into ≤0.5, 0.5-0.99, and ≥1.0 respectively (see Table). The range of ratio was between 0.24 and 1.86. Countries with inverse ratio included China (1.86), North Korea (1.31), Guam (1.28), Taiwan (1.20), Marshall Islands (1.15), Timor-Leste (1.16), South Korea (1.13), Seychelles (1.11), Northern Mariana Islands (1.10), Cambodia (1.09), Federated States of Micronesia (1.08), American Samoa (1.07), Samoa (1.06), Kiribati (1.04), Solomon Islands (1.03), Fiji (1.02), Indonesia (1.02), Mauritius (1.01), and Vanuatu (1.00). Conclusions: Approximately 1 out of 10 countries have an inverse ratio of ischemic stroke / ischemic heart disease incidences. The inverse ratio is predominantly driven by a lower incidence of ischemic heart disease.
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"Parasaissetia nigra. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December (July 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600573.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae Attacks a wide range of crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain, Canary Islands, ASIA, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Lao, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Fed. Stales of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Samoan Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.
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"Cucumber mosaic virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500866.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cucumber mosaic virus Viruses: Bromoviridae: Cucumovirus Hosts: mainly Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Araceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Central Russia Russian Far East, Northern Russia, Southern Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei, Menggu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Republic of Georgia, India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Algeria, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Ceara, Espirito, Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Piaui, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, French, Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western, Australia, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French, Polynesia, Kiribati, NFW Zealand, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
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"Agrius convolvuli. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.June (July 1, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20123252645.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus). Lepidoptera: Sphingidae. Hosts: groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Ipomoea spp., field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Vigna spp., and Phaseolus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France (Corsica), Germany, Gibraltar, Greece (Crete), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (Sardinia, Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal (Azores, Madeira), Romania, Russia (Siberia), San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Balearic Islands, Canary Islands), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (Channel Islands, Northern Ireland), Ukraine), Asia (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Menggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Cocos Islands, India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman, Delhi, Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago), Kazakhstan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, St. Helena, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu).
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"Nezara viridula. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, no. 2nd revision) (August 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600027.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) Heteroptera: Pentatomidae Attacks a wide variety of crop plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Crete, Mainland Greece, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Mainland Portugal, Russia, Southern Russia, Spain, Canary Islands, Yugoslavia (former), ASIA, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Korea Republic, Lao, Lebanon, Macau, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United Slates Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
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"Bemisia tabaci. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, no. 1st revision) (July 1, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600284.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae Polyphagous, attacking a range of glasshouse and field crops. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Mainland Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Mainland Portugal, Russia, Southern Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, Ukraine, ASIA, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Hong Kong, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Shikoku, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Bahia, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Pemambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu.