Academic literature on the topic 'Micronutrient supplementation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Micronutrient supplementation"
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Gera, Tarun, Harsh Pal Singh Sachdev, and Penelope Nestel. "Effect of combining multiple micronutrients with iron supplementation on Hb response in children: systematic review of randomized controlled trials." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 6 (June 2009): 756–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008003145.
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AbstractObjectivesTo study the effect of combining multiple (two or more) micronutrients with Fe supplementation on Hb response, when compared with placebo and with Fe supplementation, in children.Data sourcesElectronic databases, personal files, hand search of reviews, bibliographies of books, and abstracts and proceedings of international conferences.Review methodsRandomized controlled trials evaluating change in Hb levels with interventions that included Fe and multiple-micronutrient supplementation in comparison to placebo alone or Fe alone were analysed in two systematic reviews.ResultsTwenty-five trials were included in the review comparing Fe and micronutrient supplementation with placebo. The pooled estimate (random effects model) for change in Hb with Fe and micronutrient supplementation (weighted mean difference) was 0·65 g/dl (95 % CI 0·50, 0·80, P < 0·001). Lower baseline Hb, lower height-for-age Z score, non-intake of ‘other micronutrients’ and malarial non-hyperendemic region were significant predictors of greater Hb response and heterogeneity. Thirteen trials were included in the review comparing Fe and micronutrient supplementation with Fe alone. The pooled estimate for change in Hb with Fe and micronutrient supplementation (weighted mean difference) was 0·14 g/dl (95 % CI 0·00, 0·28, P = 0·04). None of the variables were found to be significant predictors of Hb response.ConclusionsSynthesized evidence indicates that addition of multiple micronutrients to Fe supplementation may only marginally improve Hb response compared with Fe supplementation alone. However, addition of ‘other micronutrients’ may have a negative effect. Routine addition of unselected multiple micronutrients to Fe therefore appears unjustified for nutritional anaemia control programmes.
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Sairoz, Sairoz, Krishnananda Prabhu, Ranita Ghosh Dastidar, Annayya Rao Aroor, Mahadev Rao, Sahana shetty, Vidyashree G. Poojari, and Varashree BS. "Micronutrients in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes." F1000Research 11 (November 23, 2022): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.124960.1.
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About 10 to 20% of reported pregnancies have complications like spontaneous abortion (SA), preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), and fetal growth restriction (FGR); 60% are attributed to maternal nutritional alterations. Multiple micronutrients (MMN) are supplemented in the antenatal period, but no proper validation/guidelines are available regarding dosing/time, the need for initiation, and the duration of supplementation. Studies have reported adverse pregnancy complications related to the overuse/unwanted use of multiple micronutrient supplementations during pregnancy. Identifying the exact population requiring supplementation is necessary to prevent its abuse. This article attempts to review the impacts of micronutrient deficiency/supplementation in cases of SA, FGR, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm delivery and PE. The study used a literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar, Mendeley, and Scopus Databases using search words pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), fetal growth restriction (FGR), preterm delivery, preeclampsia (PE) or “adverse pregnancy” associated with minerals, micronutrients, or supplementation. The review also considered in-house literature databases, a single-window search at Kasturba Medical College (KMC) Health sciences library, MAHE (Manipal Academy of Higher Education). The figures included in the study were created by Biorender.com. Micronutrients play multiple roles during pregnancy and fetoplacental growth stimulating growth hormone secretion, Lysyl oxidase (LOX), involved in the crosslinking between collagen and elastin in the amniotic membrane, downregulation of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, Il-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and several chemokines involved in hypertension, immune-inflammatory pathways, attenuate insulin resistance a structural development of neurons and glia. Over-supplementation has led to complications such as spontaneous abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus. Since there is a lack of standardization concerning micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy, there is a need for systematic study related to the role of micronutrients during each trimester of pregnancy to optimize its supplementation and to prevent hazards associated with its abuse.
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Baker, Bernadette C., Dexter JL Hayes, and Rebecca L. Jones. "Effects of micronutrients on placental function: evidence from clinical studies to animal models." Reproduction 156, no. 3 (September 2018): R69—R82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-18-0130.
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Micronutrient deficiencies are common in pregnant women due to low dietary intake and increased requirements for fetal development. Low maternal micronutrient status is associated with a range of pregnancy pathologies involving placental dysfunction, including fetal growth restriction (FGR), small-for-gestational age (SGA), pre-eclampsia and preterm birth. However, clinical trials commonly fail to convincingly demonstrate beneficial effects of supplementation of individual micronutrients, attributed to heterogeneity and insufficient power, potential interactions and lack of mechanistic knowledge of effects on the placenta. We aimed to provide current evidence of relationships between selected micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin A, iron, folate, vitamin B12) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, combined with understanding of actions on the placenta. Following a systematic literature search, we reviewed data from clinical,in vitroandin vivostudies of micronutrient deficiency and supplementation. Key findings are potential effects of micronutrient deficiencies on placental development and function, leading to impaired fetal growth. Studies in human trophoblast cells and rodent models provide insights into underpinning mechanisms. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence that deficiencies in all micronutrients examined induce a pro-inflammatory state in the placenta, drawing parallels with the inflammation detected in FGR, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth and preterm birth. Beneficial effects of supplementation are apparentin vitroand in animal models and for combined micronutrients in clinical studies. However, greater understanding of the roles of these micronutrients, and insight into their involvement in placental dysfunction, combined with more robust clinical studies, is needed to fully ascertain the potential benefits of supplementation in pregnancy.
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Bayazid, Amina, Mohamed Soum, Othmen Boumaza, and Houari Toumi. "Micronutrient supplementation among pregnant women in western Algeria." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 5, no. 11 (March 22, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.5.11.15-22.
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Background: Although micronutrient supplementation is a frequent practice during pregnancy, it remains poorly documented, particularly in Algeria. Aims: Our objective was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with the use of micronutrient supplements among pregnant women. Subjects and Methods: The data of the present study were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted through a questionnaire among 384 pregnant women receiving prenatal care at a major mother and child specialized hospital in Sidi-Bel-Abbes city (Algeria). Results: This study showed that 83.1% of pregnant women were taking micronutrient supplements. Among these women, 70,8% were taking a multi-supplementation. The two most frequently reported micronutrients were: iron (77.9%) and folic acid (77.3%). The highest rates of supplementation were recorded in the third trimester. Other common supplements used were: magnesium, iodine, vitamin D, vitamin C, omega 3, and calcium (46.4%, 38.8% 36.5%, 34.6%, 27.3%, and 21.4% respectively). It appears that these products were mainly dispensed in pharmacies under medical prescription. The variables significantly associated with their use were: Education level, pregnancy age, parity, pre-conception consultation, urbanicity, and physical activity. Conclusions: Collecting these types of data is essential not only to document micronutrient supplement intake, but also to help implement awareness campaigns about their use during pregnancy and whether they are necessary to ensure adequate micronutrient intake. Keywords: Micronutrients, supplementation, Pregnancy, Algeria.
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Santander Ballestín, Sonia, Marta Isabel Giménez Campos, Jara Ballestín Ballestín, and María José Luesma Bartolomé. "Is Supplementation with Micronutrients Still Necessary during Pregnancy? A Review." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 3134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093134.
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Introduction: Proper nutrition during pregnancy is important to prevent nutritional imbalances that interfere with pregnancy. Micronutrients play critical roles in embryogenesis, fetal growth, and maternal health, as energy, protein, vitamin, and mineral needs can increase during pregnancy. Increased needs can be met by increasing the intake of dietary micronutrients. Severe micronutrient deficiency or excess during pregnancy can have negative effects on fetal growth (intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, or congenital malformations) and pregnancy development (pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes). We investigate whether it is necessary to continue micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy to improve women’s health in this stage and whether this supplementation could prevent and control pathologies associated with pregnancy. Aim: The present review aims to summarize evidence on the effects of nutritional deficiencies on maternal and newborn morbidity. Methods: This aim is addressed by critically reviewing results from published studies on supplementation with different nutrients during pregnancy. For this, major scientific databases, scientific texts, and official webpages have been consulted. PubMed searches using the terms “pregnancy” OR “maternal-fetal health” AND “vitamins” OR “minerals” OR “supplementation” AND “requirement” OR “deficiency nutrients” were performed. Results: There are accepted interventions during pregnancy, such as folic acid supplementation to prevent congenital neural tube defects, potassium iodide supplementation to correct neurodevelopment, and oral iron supplementation during the second half of pregnancy to reduce the risk of maternal anemia and iron deficiency. A number of micronutrients have also been associated with pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. In general, experimental studies are necessary to demonstrate the benefits of supplementation with different micronutrients and to adjust the recommended daily doses and the recommended periconceptional nutrition for mothers. Conclusions: Presently, there is evidence of the benefits of micronutrient supplementation in perinatal results, but indiscriminate use is discouraged due to the fact that the side effects of excessive doses are not known. Evidence supports the idea that micronutrient deficiencies negatively affect maternal health and the outcome of pregnancy. No single micronutrient is responsible for the adverse effects; thus, supplementing or correcting one deficiency will not be very effective while other deficiencies exist.
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Gombart, Adrian F., Adeline Pierre, and Silvia Maggini. "A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010236.
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Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.
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Liu, Danmeng, Yue Cheng, Shaonong Dang, Duolao Wang, Yaling Zhao, Chao Li, Shanshan Li, et al. "Maternal adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China: a large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e028843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028843.
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ObjectivesTo report the situation of maternal micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China and to examine the rates of and factors related to the adherence to micronutrient supplementation among pregnant women in this region, where dietary micronutrient intake is commonly insufficient.DesignA large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey.SettingTwenty counties and ten districts of Shaanxi Province.ParticipantsA sample of 30 027 women were selected using a stratified multistage random sampling method. A total of 28 678 women were chosen for the final analysis after excluding those who did not provide clear information about nutritional supplementation before and during pregnancy.Main outcome measuresMaternal adherence to micronutrient supplementation (high and low) were the outcomes. They were determined by the start time and duration of use according to Chinese guidelines (for folic acid (FA) supplements) and WHO recommendations (for iron, calcium and multiple-micronutrient (MMN) supplements).ResultsIn total, 83.9% of women took at least one kind of micronutrient supplement before or during pregnancy. FA (67.6%) and calcium (57.5%) were the primarily used micronutrient supplements; few participants used MMN (14.0%) or iron (5.4%). Adherence to supplementation of all micronutrients was low (7.4% for FA, 0.6% for iron, 11.7% for calcium and 2.7% for MMN). Higher educational levels, higher income levels, urban residence and better antenatal care (including pregnancy consultation and a higher frequency of antenatal visits) were associated with high adherence to micronutrient supplementation.ConclusionMaternal micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China was way below standards recommended by the Chinese guidelines or WHO. Targeted health education and future nutritional guidelines are suggested to improve this situation, especially in pregnant women with disadvantaged sociodemographic conditions.
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Smuts, C. Marius, A. J. Spinnler Benadé, Jacques Berger, Le Thi Hop, Guillermo López de Romaña, Juliawati Untoro, Elvina Karyadi, Jürgen Erhardt, and Rainer Gross. "Iris I: A Foodlet-Based Multiple-Micronutrient Intervention in 6- to 12-Month-Old Infants at High Risk of Micronutrient Malnutrition in Four Contrasting Populations: Description of a Multicenter Field Trial." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 24, no. 3_suppl_1 (January 2003): S27—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265030243s105.
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Infants in developing countries are at risk of concurrent micronutrient deficiencies, because the same causative factors may lead to deficiencies of different micronutrients. Inadequate dietary intake is considered one of the major causes of micronutrient deficiencies, especially among poor and underprivileged children in developing countries. Operational strategies and distribution systems are often duplicated when supplementation programs for single micronutrients are implemented at the same time. The International Research on Infant Supplementation (IRIS) trial was conducted in four distinct populations on three continents: Africa, Latin America, and Asia. The participating countries were South Africa, Peru, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The study had a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled design. Each country aimed to enroll at least 70 infants per intervention group (65 + 5 anticipated dropouts). The micronutrient vehicle was in the form of a “foodlet” (food-like tablet) manufactured as chewable tablets, which were easy to break and dissolve, and which had the same taste, color, and flavor for all countries. Children were randomly assigned to one of four 6-month intervention groups: group 1 received a daily foodlet containing multiple micronutrients; group 2 received a daily placebo foodlet containing no micronutrients; group 3 received a weekly foodlet that contained multiple micronutrients (twice the dose of the daily foodlet) and placebo foodlets on the other days of the week; group 4 received a daily foodlet containing only 10 mg of elemental iron. The IRIS Trial aimed to examine the prevalence of multi-micronutrient deficiencies in 6- to 12-month-old infants from rural populations, and to examine the efficacy of multi-micronutrient supplementation in infants from the different countries included in the study. This paper describes the general methodology of the IRIS trial and the operational differences among the country sites.
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Jamil, Omar, Raquel Gonzalez-Heredia, Pablo Quadri, Chandra Hassan, Mario Masrur, Reed Berger, Karen Bernstein, and Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen. "Micronutrient Deficiencies in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092896.
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The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review to examine micronutrient deficiencies in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. We conducted a literature review using PubMed and Cochrane databases to examine micronutrient deficiencies in SG patients in order to identify trends and find consistency in recommendations. Seventeen articles were identified that met the defined criteria. Iron, vitamin B12 and vitamin D were the primary micronutrients evaluated. Results demonstrate the need for consistent iron and B12 supplementation, in addition to a multivitamin, while vitamin D supplementation may not be necessary. Additional prospective studies to establish a clearer picture of micronutrient deficiencies post-SG are needed.
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Schaefer, Ella, and Deborah Nock. "The Impact of Preconceptional Multiple-Micronutrient Supplementation on Female Fertility." Clinical Medicine Insights: Women's Health 12 (January 2019): 1179562X1984386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179562x19843868.
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In industrialized countries, fertility has declined in recent years to the lowest recorded levels. Identifying modifiable factors that influence human fertility, such as diet, is therefore of major clinical and public health relevance. Micronutrient status is a modifiable risk factor that may have an impact on female fertility, as essential vitamins and minerals have important roles in the physiological processes that are involved. Adequate levels are important for oocyte quality, maturation, fertilization, and implantation, whereas antioxidants are vital to reduce oxidative stress, a process known to impair fertility. In women who are diagnosed as infertile, lower than recommended levels of certain micronutrients have been reported. A similar scenario has been found in a proportion of women of childbearing age in general, some of whom may be struggling to conceive. Supplementation studies with multiple micronutrients are still scarce, but the literature suggests that supplementation before conception can help restore micronutrient status to recommended levels and reduce oxidative stress when antioxidants are included. Overall, supplementation has a small but beneficial effect on fertility in healthy and infertile women, including a shorter time to pregnancy and an increased chance of becoming pregnant. Nevertheless, many studies are small or observational, and adequately powered randomized controlled trials of supplementation with multiple micronutrients are necessary to confirm any definite effects on fertility. This review substantiates the potential benefits of micronutrient supplementation beyond the prevention of neural tube defects, the traditionally viewed value of prenatal vitamin use.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Micronutrient supplementation"
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James-McAlpine, Janelle M. "Micronutrient supplementation and birth outcomes in South-East Queensland." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/391076.
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Pregnancy is a state of constant physiological compensation, processes that simultaneously account for the physical needs of both mother and foetus. These changes create a complex and continuously evolving environment, one which depends on essential elements for continued optimal function. While these processes are vital to the maintenance of pregnancy, they are also pivotal to parturition, a process which relies on the actions of numerous micronutrients for essential endocrine and inflammatory pathways. As such, proper maternal nutrition is pivotal to optimal birth outcomes.
Global, national and state agencies address nutrition within theoretical and conceptual frameworks; these interact with governance, clinical, and consumer factors to create complexities individuals must navigate when making nutrition-related decisions. This decision-making becomes more complicated during pregnancy due to social influences, such as advertising and peer pressure, and cultural factors such as food avoidance, traditions and beliefs. The confluence of these determinants influences each woman’s nutrition state, with the potential to result in transgenerational health consequences.
Malnutrition is associated with suboptimal perinatal outcomes, a situation not restricted to low and middle-income countries. Although outcomes in these regions have improved with supplement interventions, research is yet to determine the efficacy of supplementation in high-income countries. However, despite the lack of evidence surrounding their safety and efficacy, and recommendations relating to the use of supplements during pregnancy, the pregnancy supplement market is estimated to reach a value of $673.8 million by the year 2025. This quantitative research explored data collected from three cross-sectional cohorts in order to explore the associations between micronutrient supplementation and birth outcomes in South-East Queensland women. The first of these datasets – the Environments for Healthy Living cohort - was a longitudinal birth cohort study with self-reported perinatal data collection undertaken between 2006 and 2011. The second was the Gold Coast Health and Hospital Service Maternity Information System cohort; a clinician controlled digital perinatal database with data available from 2014 to 2017. The third was the Maternal Outcomes and Nutrition Tool database, a cohort recruited explicitly for this study between 2016 and 2018, self-declaring data using a specially designed digital data collection tool. Collectively, these three cohorts examine the relationships between demographics, socio-cultural factors, micronutrition status, supplement use, dietary decision-making and their influence on the birth outcomes of 9300 women from South-East Queensland over the twelve years from 2006 to 2018.
Six research aims informed three formative enquiries addressing the central research question. These aims examined evidence informing current recommendations regarding micronutrient supplements during pregnancy in Australia, determined if evidence of benefit exists regarding micronutrient supplements and birth outcomes in South-East Queensland women and explored the human factors affecting nutrition-related decision making in the study population. This research aimed to determine relationships between socio-cultural determinants of health, micronutrition, supplement use and birth outcomes in pregnant women of South-East Queensland.
A literature review was conducted, highlighting current limitations and knowledge gaps relating to the influence of supplementation in nutritionally replete and high-income populations. Furthermore, current data collections were found to exhibit significant limitations inhibiting accurate determination of causal relationships. As such evidence informing current recommendations during pregnancy was determined to be neither robust nor contemporary.
Driving dietary decision making were several social, health, cultural and economic factors. These include smoking, income, education, cultural and linguistic diversity, access to maternity care models, the range of maternity care models and providers, and health service resources. In particular, women from low-socioeconomic backgrounds - including women who smoke and women from cultural and linguistically diverse backgrounds - reported nutrition motives that position health factors as a low priority. While these women did not demonstrate evidence of benefit from micronutrient supplements, they did declare nutrition decision-making behaviours that would benefit from dietary counselling and support strategies.
The synthesis of information afforded by this research has determined that micronutrient supplementation is not appropriate in pregnant women of South-East Queensland. Further, supplementation did not improve birth outcomes in either the general population or in women from demographic groups considered to be at risk for suboptimal outcomes. Conversely, non-therapeutic use demonstrated the capacity for detrimental effects across all three cohorts, particularly concerning the effect of micronutrient supplements on overweight women and the incidence of prolonged pregnancy. Determination of what constitutes sustainable, safe and effective nutrition interventions in women at risk of suboptimal birth outcomes requires further empirical research.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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McKeag, Nicholas Adam. "A trial of micronutrient supplementation in patients with heart failure." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602502.
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This thesis describes a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial investigating the effect of a multiple micronutrient supplement in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Seventy-nine patients with chronic stable heart failure were recruited and randomized to treatment with a multiple micronutrient supplement or placebo. The primary end-point of the study was left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), assessed using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging or 3·dimensional echocardiography. The secondary end·points were quality of life (assessed using the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire), physical functioning (assessed using six-minute walk test distance), blood levels of N·terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, blood levels of Creactive protein, blood • levels of pro· and anti-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha. interleukin·6 and mterleukin-10) and urinary levels of a marker of oxidative stress (8· iso·prostagtandin F2 alpha). All end-points were assessed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment with the study medication . Compliance with the study med ication was assessed by measuring blood levels of a number of micro nutrients contained within the multiple micronutrient supplement. There was evidence of good compliance with the study medication in nearly all subjects. With respect to the primary end-point , complete follow-up data were available for 68 subjects (35 patients in th~ placebo group and 33 patients in the multiple micronutrient supplement group). There was no evidence of a significant effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on LVEF In addition, there was no evidence of a significant effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on any of the secondary end·points. This study, therefore, provides no evidence to support the routine treatment with a multiple micronutrient supplement of such patients with chronic stable heart failure.
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Devakumar, D. "The long-term effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation in Nepal." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1437062/.
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The PhD thesis investigates the long-term effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation. A growing body of evidence suggests that changes in early-life environment can have lasting effects on health and disease. To investigate this, we followed up children from a double-blind randomised controlled trial of MMN in pregnancy. The trial found that the intervention group were a mean 77 g heavier at birth and 204 g at 2.5 years, with a 2.5 mmHg lower mean blood pressure. The project described in the thesis set out to investigate the role of antenatal MMN intervention in the programming of future health and disease risk factors in mid-childhood. It sought to determine whether the differences in anthropometry previously present were sustained into mid-childhood and if this was due to an increase in lean mass or fat mass. It also looked at whether antenatal MMN supplementation resulted in an improvement in lung function in the children. Finally, two secondary analyses were conducted to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and growth, and air pollution and asthma. We measured anthropometry, body composition using bioelectrical impedance (with population specific isotope calibration), blood pressure, kidney dimensions by ultrasound and lung function. Data were also collected on potential confounders: socieconomic status, food security and personal air pollution exposure estimates. We assessed 841 children (422 controls, 419 intervention) at a mean age 8.5 years. Other than maternal education and residence, children lost to follow-up were no different. The unadjusted differences (intervention minus control), were 0.05 z-scores (95% CI -0.09, 0.19) for weight-for-age, 0.02 z-scores (95% CI -0.10, 0.15) for height, -0.08 z scores (95% CI - 0.19, 0.04) for forced expiratory volume in the first second, and -0.05 (95% CI -0.17, 0.06) for forced vital capacity. There was no difference in blood pressure, body circumferences, lean mass, skinfold thicknesses or kidney measurements. The adjusted differences were similar for all outcomes. When considered together, just over half the children had low weight-for-age, and approximately one-third had stunting and low body mass index. Only 1.4% of the children were overweight and mean fat mass proportion was 14.5%. When lung function was expressed in relation to predicted values for Caucasian children, FEV1 was 14% lower and FVC 12% lower. Our measures of socioeconomic status produced a multidimensional poverty index score of 0.155 and approximately one in ten households were considered food insecure in the previous year. The air pollution data showed a mean 24 hour time-weighted average of 168 μg/m3. We found an overall low prevalence of asthma, with air pollution associated with cough at night in boys only (odds ratio 1.15 per 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollution; 95% CI 1.05, 1.26). Socioeconomic status was associated with the growth of children when families owned more expensive assets and appeared to have the greatest effect on skeletal growth in early life. Differences in phenotype, body composition and lung function between children born to mothers who received antenatal MMN supplements and children whose mothers received iron and folate were not apparent at 8.5 years. While generally poor, households were comparable to those in more affluent regions of the country and were relatively food secure. The air pollution data showed that the children were exposed to levels much higher than national and international recommendations.
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Lindström, Emma. "Nutrition and Oxidative Parameters in Pregnancy, Size at Birth and Metabolic Status of the Offspring at 4.5 Years : The MINIMat Trial in Rural Bangladesh." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172419.
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Undernutrition and oxidative stress in fetal life and infancy may lead to adverse health outcomes in the offspring. We studied nutrition and oxidative parameters in pregnancy and their associations with birth anthropometry and metabolic status in the children. In Matlab in rural Bangladesh, women were randomized to either early (Early) invitation to food supplementation or to start at their own liking (Usual). Women were also allocated to either; 1) 60 mg iron and 400 µg folic acid (Fe60F), 2) multiple micronutrients including 30 mg iron and folic acid (MMS), or 3) 30 mg iron and folic acid (Fe30F). Micronutrients (hemoglobin, iron, zinc, folic acid, vitamin B-12) were assessed in pregnancy week 14, lipid peroxidation in week 14 and 30, and DNA oxidation in week 19. The offspring were assessed for anthropometric measurements at birth and metabolic status at 4.5 years. Micronutrient deficiencies were common with zinc and vitamin B-12 deficiency being most prevalent. Anemia was present in approximately one third of women, however, iron deficiency was uncommon seen in only 2%. Maternal Early food supplementation group resulted in an improved lipid status in the children at 4.5 years compared to Usual food group. Prenatal use of MMS lowered the children’s glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and growth factors compared to Fe60F. Lipid peroxidation in early pregnancy was associated with size at birth and insulin and HOMA-IR levels in the children. Lipid peroxidation in late pregnancy, however, was associated with the children’s lipid status. Both increasing lipid peroxidation and increasing DNA oxidation was associated with decreasing IGF-1 levels. The beneficial effects of an Early start of food supplementation show that an improved prenatal nutrition may have lasting effects in the offspring and highlights the importance of early timing food supplementation. Use of MMS, however, resulted in lower insulin levels, which, considering the already low level of insulin in these children, may be a cause of concern. MMS also resulted in growth factors indicative of slower growth and further research appears to be needed before scaling up the use of MMS. Oxidative parameters in pregnancy were associated with longer-term outcomes in the offspring, suggesting that oxidative stress may be involved in the development of later metabolic disease.
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German, Matthew. "Tissue specific pathology associated with micronutrient supplementation during respiratory syncytial virus infection." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106408.
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Micronutrients are increasingly appreciated as potent immunomodulators. Long used to 'treat' measles virus (MeV), vitamin A was recently shown to act through RIG-I to up-regulate type 1 interferons. Similar actions are seen with some (mumps virus and CDV) but not all members of the Paramyxoviridae. However, children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a close relative of MeV, do worse when given pharmacological doses of vitamin A. RSV is known to elicit a pathologic Th2-biased response. Vitamin A also has a strong Th2-deviating influence. Our primary objective was to develop a small animal model of vitamin A deficiency and sufficiency in which we could assess the impact of vitamin A status and supplementation on RSV infection in vivo. Such a model will be of great use to characterize the mechanism of action of retinoids in this infection. We succeeded in the development of this model by restricting dietary retinol through 2 generations of BALB/c mice (ie: deficiency state) and introducing novel means to reliably attain a state of consistent vitamin A supplementation (ie: reconstituted & excess states). Preliminary data using this model suggested that there were marked differences in RSV pathology between deficient and sufficient mouse groups. Like the apparent situation in humans, infection in the vitamin A deficient mice was paradoxically less severe than in mice with a positive vitamin A status. This model and the data generated with it may be of particular interest in regions with diets high in vitamin A (North America in particular). Historically, very little attention has been given to possible negative effects of micronutrient 'over-nutrition'. The limited human data and the preliminary data from our new model brings into question whether or not we are 'priming' ourselves for more severe RSV infection than would otherwise occur. The data generated in this model may also be highly relevant to guide supplementation efforts in regions of the world that currently have less access to vitamin A.Les micronutriments sont des plus appréciés comme immunomodulateurs puissants. Longtemps utilisé pour traiter measles virus (MeV), la vitamine A a été récemment montré à agir par le biais de RIG-I pour réguler les interférons de type 1. Des actions similaires sont observés avec certains (canine distemper virus, CDV), mais pas tous les membres du Paramyxoviridae. Cependant, les enfants infectés par des voies respiratoire, respiratory syncycial virus (RSV), un proche cousine de MeV, faire pire lorsqu'il est administré des doses pharmacologiques de vitamine A. Le RSV est connu pour induire une résponse pathologique biaisée au Th2. La vitamine A est également une forte influence pour la Th2 déviation. Notre principal objectif était de développer un modèle animal de la carence en vitamine A et la suffisance dans lesquels nous pourrions évaluer l'impact du statut en vitamine A et de la supplémentation sur l'infection à RSV in vivo. Un tel modèle sera d'une grande utilité pour caractériser le mécanisme d'action des rétinoïdes dans cette infection. Nous avons réussi dans le développement de ce modèle en limitant le rétinol alimentaires grâce à deux générations de souris BALB / c (ie: état de carence) et en introduisant de nouveaux moyens de atteindre un état fiable de vitamine A cohérente supplémentation (ie: les Etats reconstitué & excès). Les données préliminaires utilisant ce modèle suggéré qu'il y avait des différences marquées dans la pathologie du RSV entre les groupes de souris déficientes et suffisante. Comme la situation apparente dans les humains, l'infection dans la vitamine A des souris déficientes en était paradoxalement moins sévère que dans les souris avec une vitamine positifs d'un statut. Ce modèle et les données générées avec elle peut être d'un intérêt particulier dans les régions où les régimes son riches en vitamine A (Amérique du Nord en particulier). Historiquement, très peu d'attention a été accordée aux effets négatifs possibles des micronutriments sur-nutrition. Les données humaines limitées et les données préliminaires de notre nouveau modèle remet en question si oui ou non nous sommes d'amorçage nous-mêmes pour l'infection à VRS plus sévères que se produirait autrement. Les données générées dans ce modèle peut également être très pertinentes pour guider les efforts de la supplémentation dans les régions du monde qui ont actuellement un accès moindre à la vitamine A.
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Visser, Janicke. "Micronutrient supplementation for critically ill adults : a systematic review of the evidence." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1527.
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Prawirohartono, Endy. "Prenatal zinc and vitamin A supplementation : a study on the impact of prenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural Indonesia." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-52912.
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Objectives: To study the effects of prenatal zinc and vitamin A supplementation on birthsize, neonatal morbidity, infant mortality, and growth in children up to two years of age. Subjects and Methods: From September 1995 to December 1999 pregnant women inPurworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia with gestational age <17 weeks (n=2173) wererecruited to and participated in a community-based, individually randomized, placebo controlled,double blinded study aiming to evaluate the impact of supplementation (vitamin A,zinc, vitamin A + zinc) during pregnancy on maternal morbidity and pregnancy outcomes. Weanalyzed secondary data from that study regarding birth size, neonatal morbidity and infantmortality of the 1956 infants born alive. A subsample of infants (n=343) was followed until 2years of age concerning growth, feeding practices and morbidity. Outcomes were tested usingthe chi-square test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Cox’s proportional hazard function. Results: Birth weights in the zinc [mean ±Standard deviation (SD): 3.16 ± 0.52 kg], vitaminA (3.08 ± 0.46 kg) or the combined vitamin A and zinc (3.10 ± 0.59) groups did not differ fromplacebo (3.09 ± 0.50 kg) after adjustment for maternal pre-pregnancy weight, weight gainduring pregnancy, and parity (P=0.70). Birth lengths of infants born to mothers supplementedwith zinc or vitamin A were in average 0.3 cm and 0.2 cm longer than those in the placebogroup after adjustment for maternal height, pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy,and parity (P=0.04). The impact of prenatal supplementation on infant mortality andneonatal morbidity was not significant. There was a small effect of prenatal vitamin A supplementationon postnatal growth in height-for-age z-score (HAZ). The absolute differencesbetween the vitamin A only and vitamin A + zinc groups at 3 and 9 months were 0.34 SD and0.37 SD, respectively, and the absolute difference between the vitamin A only and zinc onlygroups at 18 months was 0.31 SD. Defining growth faltering as downward crossing of ≥2 majorpercentile lines, 50-75% of the children were faltering within 9 months of age, whereas 17%and 8% were <-2 SD for growth in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and HAZ, respectively.Prenatal supplementation did not reduce the prevalence of growth faltering. Conclusions: Prenatal vitamin A and zinc demonstrates a small but significant impact onbirth length, but it does not have any protective effect on infant mortality and neonatal morbidity.Prenatal vitamin A supplementation had a small but significant effect on postnatallength growth until 18 months of age, but no effect on weight gain, growth rate and it did notreduce the prevalence of growth faltering.Tujuan: meneliti pengaruh suplementasi zink dan vitamin A pada masa prenatal terhadapukuran tubuh bayi baru lahir, morbiditas neonatal, kematian bayi, dan pertumbuhan anaksampai dengan umur dua tahun Subjek dan Metode: Dari bulan September 1995 sampai dengan Desember 1999 ibu hamildi Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia dengan umur kehamilan <17 minggu(n=2173) diikutsertakan ke dalam penelitian berbasis komunitas, teracak, menggunakankontrol plasebo dan buta ganda yang bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi vitaminA, zink, dan kombinasi vitamin A dan zink selama kehamilan terhadap morbididitas ibu danhasil kehamilan. Kami menganalisis data sekunder dari penelitian ini dan mengevaluasi ukurantubuh bayi waktu lahir, morbiditas neonatal, dan kematian bayi dari 1956 bayi yang lahirhidup. Sebagian dari subjek (n=343) diikuti sampai dengan umur dua tahun untuk mengetahuipertumbuhan, cara pemberian makan, dan morbiditasnya. Data dianalisis dengan chi-squaretest, ANOVA, ANCOVA, dan Cox’s proportional hazard function. Hasil: Berat badan lahir pada kelompok zink [mean ±standar deviasi (SD): 3.16 ± 0.52 kg],vitamin A (3.08 ± 0.46 kg) atau kombinasi vitamin A dan zink (3.10 ± 0.59) tidak berbedasecara bermakna dibandingkan dengan plasebo (3.09 ± 0.50 kg) setelah dikontrol oleh beratbadan ibu sebelum hamil, pertambahan berat badan selama hamil, dan paritas (P=0,70).Panjang lahir dari kelompok ibu yang disuplementasi dengan vitamin A atau zink 0,2 cm danrata-rata 0,3 cm lebih panjang dibanding kelompok plasebo setelah dikontrol oleh tinggi badanibu, berat badan ibu sebelum hamil, pertambahan berat selama hamil, dan paritas (P=0,04). Pengaruh suplementasi selama masa prenatal terhadap kematian bayi dan morbiditas neonataltidak bermakna. Suplementasi masa prenatal mempunyai efek yang lemah terhadap pertumbuhanyang diukur dengan indikator tinggi badan menurut umur (HAZ). Perbedaan absolutpanjang badan anak antara kelompok vitamin A dan kombinasi vitamin A dan zink pada umur3 dan 9 bulan adalah 0,34 SD dan 0,37 SD; dan perbedaan absolut antara kelompok vitaminA dengan zink pada umur 18 bulan adalah 0,31 SD. Dengan menggunakan kriteria growthfaltering sebagai penurunan garis pertumbuhan memotong ≥ 2 persentil major, 50-75% anakmengalami growth faltering pada umur 9 bulan, dan hanya 17% dan 8% yang terdeksi mengalamigrowth faltering bila digunakan kriteria WAZ dan HAZ <- 2SD. Suplementasi vitaminA dan zink pada masa prenatal tidak menurunkan prevalensi growth faltering. Kesimpulan: Suplementasi vitamin A dan zink pada masa prenatal menunjukkan adanyapengaruh lemah tetapi bermakna terhadap panjang lahir, tetapi tidak menunjukkan efekprotektif terhadap kematian bayi dan morbiditas neonatal. Suplementasi vitamin A pada masaprenatal mempunyai efek lemah tetapi bermakna terhadap pertumbuhan panjang badansampai dengan umur 18 bulan, tetapi tidak disertai pengaruh terhadap kenaikan berat badan,laju pertumbuhan dan tidak menurunkan prevalensi growth faltering.
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Naismith, Thomass Phoebe Loris Sophia. "Effects of Dietary Micronutrient Supplementation on the Development of Emotionality and Anxiety in a Normal Rat Population." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9163.
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There is a growing body of research into the effects of micronutrients on human mental health. There is evidence that multi-ingredient formulas are beneficial especially in relation to serious mental health disorders such as mood and anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorders. However there is almost no scientific research which looks at the effects of these formulas in an animal population. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a micronutrient formula, EMPowerplus, on anxiety behaviour in rats, and whether there is a relationship between dose and anxiolytic effect. In order to investigate this 40 male and 40 female rats received a diet consisting of either 0%, 1.25%, 2.5% or 5% EMP+ from when they were weaned (post natal day 30) until the end of testing 141 days later. Animals were tested in a Y maze, a light-dark emergence box and an open field at mid-adulthood (PND 136-138) and late adulthood (PND 186-188). Results found that animals receiving the 5% supplemented diet occupied the centre squares the most, occupied the corner squares the least and ambulated the most in the open field compared to the other experimental groups and control groups. No significant differences were found in the Y maze or Light-dark box. Animals were found to display more anxiety-like behaviour at time 2 than at time 1 regardless of receiving a supplemented diet or not. Overall a higher dose of EMP+ was associated with the greatest reduction in anxiety related behaviour. Due to the impact of the September 4th, 2010 Canterbury Earthquake caution should be taken when interpreting these results.
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Prado, Elizabeth Leah. "Improving maternal cognition and child development in developing countries : effects of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539652.
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Jiamton, Sukhum. "A randomised placebo controlled trial of multiple micronutrient supplementation among HIV-1 infected Thai subjects." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405282.
Full textBooks on the topic "Micronutrient supplementation"
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Tanzania. Micronutrient deficiency control: Policy guidelines for supplementation. [Dar es Salaam]: United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Health, 1997.
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McDaniel, H. Reginald. The micronutrient best case cancer series: A compendium of medical presentations made at cancer conferences between 2000 and 2004 documenting that the quality of life and response to standard treatment protocols for malignancy improved with dietary supplementation. Edited by Reginald H. Ross, Illick Jim, Fisher Institute for Medical Research., MannaRelief Ministries, Comprehensive Cancer Conference (June 9-11, 2000 : Arlington, Va.), Comprehensive Cancer Conference (Apr. 9-13, 2003 : Washington, D.C.), and International Conference for Integrative Oncology (1st : Nov. 17-19, 2004 : New York, N.Y.). [Irving, Tex.?]: Fisher Institute for Medical Research, 2005.
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Stein, Alexander J. The Poor, Malnutrition, Biofortification, and Biotechnology. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.005.
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While less apparent than outright hunger or obesity, the lack of essential vitamins and minerals in people’s diets is one of the leading contributors to the global burden of disease. Current interventions, such as supplementation or fortification, are being implemented with varying success, but—while important—overall progress in the fight against micronutrient malnutrition has been limited. Biofortification, the breeding of crops for higher contents of vitamins and minerals, is a new approach to complement existing interventions. This chapter gives an overview of the problem of micronutrient malnutrition and how it is measured; it briefly discusses current micronutrient interventions, and then presents the reasoning behind biofortification before it examines the feasibility of biofortifying crops and summarizes studies on their potential impact and economic justification. After listing current biofortification programs, the chapter looks into the political controversy surrounding genetic engineering in agriculture and how it relates to biofortification; it then concludes with an assessment of the current status of biofortification and its potential.
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Mozer, Anthony B., Konstantinos Spaniolas, and Walter J. Pories. Nutritional Deficiencies and Bariatric Surgery. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0014.
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Dietary intolerance and poor oral intake account for a disproportionate number of emergency department visits and readmissions after bariatric surgery. Micronutrient, vitamin, and protein deficiencies can occur after both malabsorptive and restrictive weight-loss operations, and they are best mitigated against by conscientious preoperative counseling and vigilance in follow-up. Routine vitamin supplementation can prevent the need for unnecessary laboratory testing, while symptoms of dumping syndrome can frequently be managed with dietary and behavioral modification alone. Alternative enteral feeding access for alimentary supplementation can be safely performed surgically or with assistance by interventional radiology, and should be considered in the management of perforation, early anastomotic leak, surgical revision, or patients with refractory malnourishment.
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Muñoz, George E., and Isabella Leoni Garcia. Functional Medicine Approach to Addiction. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0018.
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The functional medicine protocol complements and enhances the traditional approach to recovery. Seen from a functional medicine perspective, the path to substance/and or food addiction recovery involves a multimodal approach. It shifts the focus from the imbalances in the brain and neurotransmitters to treat the whole person. It does so by considering the metabolic, hormonal, psychologic, immunologic, and neurologic functions that have been disturbed by addiction and that further perpetuate the inflammatory state of active addiction and during recovery phases. The gut-brain axis is reviewed from all aspects. Specific microbiome interventions, micronutrient, and vitamin deficiency support is reviewed. These interventions can be addressed through lifestyle modifications (including stress-reduction techniques), nutrition, supplementation, and in-depth case protocols, which will be further reviewed in the chapter.
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Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Micronutrients and minerals. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0008.
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• Vitamin deficiency 58• Mineral deficiency 61• Trace element deficiency 62• Vitamin supplementation for infants and young children 64The term ‘micronutrients’ includes two main classes of nutrient substances required in the diet in very small amounts: the essential organic micronutrients (vitamins) and the essential inorganic micronutrients (trace elements). Vitamin and mineral deficiencies may complicate malnutrition arising from underlying disease or inadequate diet. Key features are given below. However, micronutrients have wide-ranging effects, far beyond the simple prevention of deficiency states....
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Buitelaar, Jan K., Nanda Rommelse, Verena Ly, and Julia J. Rucklidge. Nutritional intervention for ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0040.
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This chapter discusses four dietary interventions (exclusion of artificial colours and preservatives; restrictive elimination diets/oligoantigenic diets; supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids; and supplementation with micronutrients) and their clinical relevance for ADHD. The evidence base for exclusion of artificial colours and preservatives has many gaps. Effectiveness of the elimination phase of elimination diets has been demonstrated in several randomized clinical trials and about one-third of the children with ADHD show an excellent response. Data on maintenance of effect in the longer term, however, are lacking. Supplementation of free fatty acids was associated with a small but reliable reduction of ADHD symptoms, but the clinical relevance is unclear. The trials using a broad spectrum of micronutrients show promise but suffered from small sample sizes, lack of controls, varied sampling procedures and inclusion criteria, and multiple assessment methods, and need confirmation.
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Sahn, David E. Is Food the Answer to Malnutrition? Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.030.
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Although there is little disagreement on the magnitude and importance of alleviating malnutrition, its causation and control continue to be the subject of debate and research. Recent evidence suggests that many of the traditional food-based strategies to reduce malnutrition, such as food aid distribution programs, school feeding programs, and food stamps, as well as policies that intervene to affect the price of food such as subsidies and rationing schemes, have proven of limited effectiveness. One important reason is that the critical period of undernutrition is generally in utero and early life. Among the most vulnerable groups, particularly pregnant women and infants, the causes of malnutrition often have little to do with food access and availability. Instead, prenatal care, immunization programs, breastfeeding promotion, and generally raising the quality of child care and nurturing behaviors are paramount. Likewise, improving the sanitary and home environment, including interventions that enhance access to clean water and latrines and behaviors such as hand washing and boiling water, will contribute to reductions in infection and help break the cycle of disease and malnutrition. In the area of food-related interventions, among those that are critical to the production of improved health and nutritional outcomes are food supplementation and fortification schemes that address micronutrient deficiencies. At the same time, there is legitimate concern that misguided food interventions, particularly broad-based price subsidies, food stamps, and food aid may have a range of deleterious consequences. These range from contributing to the epidemic of obesity and related chronic disease, to having a negative impact on farmers and producer incentives and the functioning of food markets.
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Cohen, Jonathan, and Shaul Lev. Parenteral nutrition in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0207.
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Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a technique of artificial nutrition support, which consists of the intravenous administration of macronutrients, micronutrients, and water. PN has become integrated into intensive care unit (ICU) patient management with the aim of preventing energy deficits and preserving lean body mass. The addition of PN to enteral nutrition is known as supplemental PN. Parenteral feeding should be considered whenever enteral nutritional support is contraindicated, or when enteral nutrition alone is unable to meet energy and nutrient requirements. International guidelines differ considerably regarding the indications for PN. Thus, the ESPEN guidelines recommend initiating PN in critically-ill patients who do not meet caloric goals within 2–3 days of commencing EN, while the Canadian guidelines recommend PN only after extensive attempts to feed with EN have failed. The ASPEN guidelines advocate administering PN after 8 days of attempting EN unsuccessfully. Several studies have demonstrated that parenteral glutamine supplementation may improve outcome, and the ESPEN guidelines give a grade A recommendation to the use of glutamine in critically-ill patients who receive PN. Studies on IV omega-3 fatty acids have yielded promising results in animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome and proved superior to solutions with omega -6 compositions. The discrepancy between animal models and clinical practice could be related to different time frames.
Book chapters on the topic "Micronutrient supplementation"
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Dijkhuizen, Marjoleine A., Frank T. Wieringa, Clive E. West, and Muhilal. "Micronutrient Deficiency and Supplementation in Indonesian Infants." In Tropical Diseases, 359–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0059-9_30.
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Wieringa, Frank T., Marjoleine A. Dijkhuizen, Johanna van der Ven-Ongekrijg, Clive E. West, Muhilal, and Jos W. M. van der Meer. "Micronutrient Deficiency and Supplementation in Indonesian Infants." In Tropical Diseases, 369–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0059-9_31.
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Bhatia, Jatinder. "Discussion on Vitamin A Supplementation in Childhood." In Meeting Micronutrient Requirements for Health and Development, 103–5. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000337672.
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Visser, Janicke, and Renée Blaauw. "Micronutrient Supplementation for Critically Ill Adults: Practical Application." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care, 1–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_78-1.
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Visser, Janicke, and Renée Blaauw. "Micronutrient Supplementation for Critically Ill Adults: Practical Application." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care, 445–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_78.
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Hosseini, Saeed, and S. Ali Mostafavi. "UV Irradiations, Micronutrient Supplementation, and Cutaneous Health: Overview." In Bioactive Dietary Factors and Plant Extracts in Dermatology, 27–37. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-167-7_3.
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Brittenham, Gary M. "Safety of Iron Fortification and Supplementation in Malaria-Endemic Areas." In Meeting Micronutrient Requirements for Health and Development, 117–27. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000337674.
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Czeizel, A. E. "Reducing Risks of Birth Defects with Periconceptional Micronutrient Supplementation." In Nestl� Nutrition Workshop Series: Pediatric Program, 309–25. Basel: KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000074717.
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Thorne-Lyman, Andrew, and Wafaie W. Fawzi. "Vitamin A Supplementation, Infectious Disease and Child Mortality: A Summary of the Evidence." In Meeting Micronutrient Requirements for Health and Development, 79–90. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000337445.
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Ramakrishnan, Usha, Frederick Kobina Grant, Aamer Imdad, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, and Reynaldo Martorell. "Effect of Multiple Micronutrient versus Iron-Folate Supplementation during Pregnancy on Intrauterine Growth." In Maternal and Child Nutrition: The First 1,000 Days, 53–62. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000348401.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Micronutrient supplementation"
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Bain, Ali, Adawiah, and Syam Rahadi. "Effect of Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Heavy Metal Toxicity in Rations from Local Feed Ingredients in vitro using Rumen Fluid of Ettawa Crossbreeds." In International Conference on Improving Tropical Animal Production for Food Security (ITAPS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220309.062.
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