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Alissa, Eman Mokbel. "Micronutrient status and atherosclerosis." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419967.
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Moore, Lucy. "Identification of plant micronutrient transporters." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410687.
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Knowles, Tim C., Paul Artz, and Chip Sherrill. "Preplant Micronutrient Fertilizers for Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197269.
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Micronutrient fertilizers including zinc, boron, copper, and manganese in their sulfate forms were broadcast applied and incorporated preplant to determine their effects on lint yield of upland cotton.
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Brown, Kerry A. "The process of setting micronutrient recommendations." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813495/.
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Micronutrient recommendations are derived using a risk analysis paradigm. This commonly involves a process of three, separate yet interconnected, risk activities to assess, communicate and manage risk. Research has suggested a lack of transparency in the application of risk analysis activities during the process of setting micronutrient recommendations. The aim of this thesis was to identify the practical challenges of communicating risk internally - between experts and/or stakeholders - and understand the implications of these challenges for achieving a transparent micronutrient risk analysis process. A series of three international qualitative studies were conducted which employed narrative literature, interview and case study methods. Research was primarily related to the process of setting folate and vitamin D dietary reference values (DRV) or regarding the implementation of DRV via food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). Results identified challenges to the communication of risk across all three risk activities (risk assessment, risk communication and risk management). These challenges included clarifying the terms of reference between risk assessors and risk managers during the DRV problem formulation stage; equivocal lay involvement and ambiguous handling of uncertain (unknown, indefinite, unreliable) evidence during DRV risk assessment; inconclusive evidence of successful risk communication (FBDG); and ubiquitous inconsistency of DRV/FBDG terminology throughout risk analysis. Findings suggested specific areas where effective (valid and credible) internal communication of risk is required between risk experts and/or stakeholders involved in the risk analysis process. This is distinct from, and in addition to, traditional risk communication activities conducted with the general public/stakeholders outside the risk analysis process. Overcoming the challenge of communicating risk is a prerequisite for achieving a transparent micronutrient risk analysis, and can aid future debates on the pre-eminent micronutrient recommendation setting process.
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Sanchez, Charles A., and Glenn Wright. "Response of Lemon to Micronutrient Fertilization." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197971.
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A study was initiated in the spring of 2003 to evaluate the response of lemons to soil and foliar applied micronutrients for two growing season (2003-2005). Soil applied Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu was applied in sulfate form and B as Solubor in shallow holes around the skirt of each tree. Foliar applied micronutrients were all applied as “Metalosate” products. Lemon leaf tissue analyses show marginal levels of Zn, Mn, and Cu throughout the study. In 2003-2004, soil fertilization sometimes increased leaf nutrient composition but there was no effect to foliar fertilization. In 2004-2005, ,leaf B and Zn increased to soil fertilization and leaf Mn and Cu increased to foliar fertilization Overall, there were no significant differences in yield or quality to micronutrient fertilization in either growing season.
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Cruz-Espaillat, Grisseel A. "A Cross-Sectional Study: Dietary Micronutrient Levels in Allied Health and Nursing Students." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/350.
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The adequate intake of micronutrients is important to maintain optimal health and prevent nutritional disorders and chronic disease. Studies have shown that medical students often reduce self-care behaviors and lack adequate dietary intake, leading to nutritional deficiencies. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, measurements of micronutrient levels in a sample of allied health and nursing students were compared to Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) values. NutritionQuest Data-on-Demand System was used to analyze nutrients and food group intake. The postpositivist paradigm was used to examine how the independent and dependent variables relate to each other. Using a one-sample t test, a comparison of average micronutrient intake among study participants with RDA values for those micronutrients showed that average micronutrient intake in the study population was higher than recommended values. Two sample t-test results showed no significant difference in average intake of micronutrients among participants with high and low income levels, or with high and low stress levels. As the normality assumption was not satisfied by the outcome variables, nonparametric tests were used to evaluate hypotheses. While this finding does not support the original hypothesis, it could have implications for the role of allied health and nursing practitioners in the care of both their patients and members of their medical team. Conversely, an assumption of this study was that a high level of similarity between the traditional medical student population and the allied health and nursing population in terms of nutritional habits may have led to a flaw in the overall research hypothesis. The detection of micronutrient deficiencies in students can bring awareness to improve nutritional intake and initiate a change in how public health officials advocate healthy and balanced diets.
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Hofstee, Pierre D. "The Effects of Micronutrient Dysregulation on Reproduction." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/394321.
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Pregnancy is a physiologically demanding process, vulnerable to several modifiable lifestyle factors including diet. Malnutrition, or a dietary imbalance, can have severe implications on maternal physiology, as well as placental and fetal development. Several aberrant pregnancy outcomes have been linked with an abnormal diet disturbing maternal metabolism, hormone status and placental function. Dietary changes also disrupt the intrauterine environment for the developing fetus, altering growth and predisposing offspring to development of diseases later in life. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes are dependent on the specific timing and type of dietary insult. A major micronutrient deficiency present in multiple human populations is selenium. Deficiencies in micronutrients, such as selenium, have been linked to numerous pregnancy complications; however, the specific ramifications of a selenium deficient diet on pregnancy outcomes and fetal development is relatively unknown. Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins involved in numerous biological and cellular processes including antioxidant function, thyroid hormone metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress and skeletal muscle development. Given selenium is associated with undesirable pregnancy outcomes, the primary aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of selenium deficiency on pregnancy physiology, placental function, fetal development and offspring outcomes.
Chapter 3 explored the effects of a maternal selenium deficit on gestational physiology, placental development and function, as well as fetal development. Although selenium deficiency is common, the specific ramifications of a selenium deficit on pregnancy is poorly understood. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to either a control (>190 μg kg-1) or selenium deficient diet (<50 μg kg-1); mice were subjected to their respective diets four weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation. Data illustrated that an isolated maternal selenium deficit reduced maternal weight gain during gestation and fetal growth. Furthermore, thyroid hormone levels were increased in both maternal and fetal plasma, concomitant to a reduction in iodothyronine deiodinase expression within the placenta. Fetal blood glucose levels were also reduced, which was associated with an increase in placental glycogen content and an increase in placental GLUT3 expression. Although there were no changes to placental development, gene expression of several nutrient transporters, selenoproteins and antioxidant response genes were altered. These pregnancy outcomes likely preceded programmed disease outcomes in later life, which prompted further study in offspring models.
The effect of exposure to selenium deficiency in utero during fetal development was explored in Chapters 4 and 5. The offspring model in Chapter 4 indicated that exposure to a selenium deficit during development may induce peripheral insulin resistance in offspring in a sex specific manner. Both male and female offspring exhibited glucose intolerance and altered thyroid hormone levels. Furthermore, Chapter 5 showed that voluntary exercise was reduced by selenium deficiency and subsequently the programmed glucose intolerance was not alleviated. These studies both reiterated the importance of adequate selenium intake during pregnancy for offspring metabolic health.
Chapter 6 characterised the expression of fourteen key selenoproteins in maternal, fetal and offspring tissues, and how this was impacted by perinatal and antenatal selenium deficiency. The gene expression of these selenoproteins was determined in the liver, kidneys and heart of all animals, as well as the placenta. A selenium deficit caused a reduction in several selenoproteins in all maternal tissues investigated, as well as the placenta. Intriguingly, expression of several selenoproteins within the liver, kidneys and heart of male and female fetuses was significantly increased. As offspring were placed on normal selenium diets after weaning, only slight changes in selenoprotein expression were observed in offspring; however, a sexually dimorphic relationship in selenoprotein expression was evident. This was the first study to demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of selenoproteins is complex and multifaceted, with expression exhibiting tissue-, age- and sex-specificities. This study also emphasized the importance of dietary selenium in maintaining the selenotranscriptome, and that deficiency of selenium during pregnancy has genomic programming potential.
Finally, Chapter 7 explored the relationship between different serum selenium levels during pregnancy and thyroid function. This study indicated that the selenium status of pregnant women in South East Queensland may not be satisfactory. Additionally, this clinical study associated reduced serum selenium during pregnancy with reduced free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels, increased thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), increased free thyroxine/thyroid stimulating hormone (fT4/TSH) ratio and an increased incidence in pregnancy complications, most notably GDM.
Overall, this doctoral thesis has identified thyroid and metabolic specific outcomes following maternal exposure to a selenium deficit during pregnancy, which may contribute to pregnancy complications and programming of metabolic disease. These results highlight that dysregulation of individual micronutrients, such as selenium, can have significant long-lasting ramifications on reproductive outcomes. Therefore, atypical levels of micronutrients in pregnant women should be considered as a significant risk.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Glosz, Cambria M. "Assessment of micronutrient status in pregnant Malawian women before and after treatment for moderate malnutrition." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1641.
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Background: Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in pregnant women in developing countries and can result in adverse effects to both the mother and infant. Multiple micronutrient supplements or supplementary foods may be a way to combat micronutrient deficiencies.
Objective: To assess change in micronutrient and protein levels in moderately malnourished pregnant Malawian women after receiving one of three nutritional interventions.
Methods: Serum retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ferritin, vitamin B12, folate, zinc, albumin and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured in pregnant women with MUAC >20.6 cm and
Results: Baseline micronutrient concentrations indicated high rates of deficiency in zinc (29-39%) and albumin (37-46%), and marginal status of retinol (26-37%) and vitamin D (31-32%). Adjusted mean changes in vitamin B12 concentrations from week 0 to week 10 were -17.1, -36.1, and -52.9 pg/mL for RUSF, CSB-UNIMMAP, and CSB-IFA, respectively (p=0.007). Adjusted mean changes in vitamin D concentrations from week 0 to week 10 were 6.1, 3.1, and 1.7 ng/mL for RUSF, CSB-UNIMMAP, and CSB-IFA, respectively (p=0.007). Adjusted mean changes in folate concentrations from week 0 to week 10 were 2.2, 1.7, and 4.0 ng/mL for RUSF, CSB-UNIMMAP, and CSB-IFA, respectively (p=0.37 for effect of treatment; p=0.06 for the interaction effect of time*treatment). Changes in ferritin, zinc, albumin, retinol, and CRP were not significantly different between treatment groups.
Conclusions: Deficiencies in zinc and albumin, and marginal status of vitamin D and retinol, are common among this population of moderately malnourished pregnant Malawian women. Significant changes in vitamin D and vitamin B12were observed from week 0 to week 10, with the RUSF group having the greatest improvements compared to the CSB-UNIMMAP and CSB-IFA treatments.
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Silva, Raimundo Thiago Lima da. "Cultivo de girassol no município de Capitão Poço - PA: plastocrono, lâminas de água e adubação borácica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19332.
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SILVA, Raimundo Thiago Lima da. Cultivo de girassol no município de Capitão Poço - PA: plastocrono, lâminas de água e adubação borácica. 2015. 83 f. Tese (Doutorado em agronomia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015.Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-08-29T20:17:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_rtlsilva.pdf: 2178319 bytes, checksum: bc5beff6f05b1048eff33beebeded755 (MD5)
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The obtainment of information through the research has been decisive to provide technological support to sunflowers culture development, granting better productivities and economical incomes. Among the various technologies developed to sunflowers production, the adequate choice of cultivars constitutes one of the main components in the system of culture production. Considering the existence of the interaction genotypes x environment, researches are required, aiming to determine the agronomic behavior of genotypes and their adaptation to different environment conditions. Based on these principles, there were developed four experiments in Capitão Poço City, in Pará State, in Brazil, with two sunflower cultivars, Embrapa – 122 and Catissol. On experiment I, sunflower cultivars’ plastochron was determined, sowed in two seasons in the year. On experiment II, the effect of different water slides over the productive behavior of sunflower cultivars was evaluated, which were cultivated in protected behavior, aiming to define criteria to irrigation handling. On experiment III, there were evaluated seven doses of boron (10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg plant-1) and a witness, on the growing characteristics and on sunflower plants production. And on Experiment IV, the objective was to verify the relative content of water, the concentrations of total soluble amino acids, of total soluble proteins, of free ammoniums, deprolina and the activity of nitrate reductase, in sunflower leaves, in function of two cultivars and of different water slides. Through the obtained results, it was concluded that: the sowing seasons, the sub periods of vegetative development and the cultivars, possess different rights over the plastochron in sunflowers, with variations of 14,6 to 8787,0 °C day knot-1; the cultivar Catissol obtained values of mass of dried matter from the aerial part, mass of dried matter from the flower and the flower diameter responded in a linear way to the water slides. The variables, production, mass of 100 achenes and the number of leaves, were optimized by small doses of boron; and, finally, the applied water slides influenced on the concentrations of amino acids, protein, proline, relative content of water and on the activity of nitrate reductase, on sunflower leaves, as the genetic material in studies, presented different results, to these variables, excepting for the activity of nitrate reductase. Therefore, it was realized that sunflowers make mechanisms of osmotic adjustment in leaves, to tolerate various situations of humidity of water in the soil.
A obtenção de informações por meio da pesquisa tem sido decisiva para dar suporte tecnológico ao desenvolvimento da cultura do girassol, garantindo maiores produtividades e retornos econômicos. Entre as várias tecnologias desenvolvidas para a produção de girassol, a escolha adequada de cultivares constitui um dos principais componentes do sistema de produção da cultura. Diante da existência de interação genótipos x ambientes, são necessárias pesquisas, a fim de determinar o comportamento agronômico dos genótipos e sua adaptação às diferentes condições locais. Partindo desse principio, foram desenvolvidos quatro experimentos no município de Capitão Poço, PA, com duas cultivares de girassol, a Embrapa - 122 e Catissol. No experimento I, determinou-se o plastocrono das cultivares de girassol, semeadas em duas épocas do ano. No experimento II, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes lâminas de água sobre o comportamento produtivo das cultivares de girassol, cultivadas em ambiente protegido, visando definir critérios para o manejo da irrigação. No experimento III, avaliaram-se sete doses de boro (10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg e 70 mg planta-1) e uma testemunha, nas características de crescimento e produção de plantas de girassol. E no Experimento IV, o objetivo foi verificar o conteúdo relativo de água, as concentrações, de aminoácidos solúveis totais, de proteínas solúveis totais, de amônio livre, de prolina e a atividade da redutase do nitrato, em folhas de girassol, em função de duas cultivares e de diferentes lâminas de água. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que: as épocas de semeadura, os subperíodos de desenvolvimento vegetativo e as cultivares, possuem efeito direto sobre o plastocrono em girassol, com variações de 14,6 a 87,0 °C dia nó-1; a cultivar Catissol obteve valores de massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, massa de matéria seca do capítulo e o diâmetro do capítulo superior a Embrapa – 122; para o efeito das lâminas de água, a massa de 100 aquênios, a produção por planta, a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, a massa de matéria seca do capítulo e o diâmetro do capítulo responderam de modo linear as lâminas de água. As variáveis, produção, massa de 100 aquênios e número de folha, foram otimizadas por pequenas doses de boro; e por fim, as lâminas de água aplicadas influenciaram nas concentrações de aminoácidos, de proteína, de prolina, do conteúdo relativo de água e na atividade da redutase do nitrato, nas folhas de girassol, assim como o material genético em estudo, apresentou resultados diferenciados, para essas variáveis, com exceção da atividade da redutase do nitrato. Portanto, percebeu-se que o girassol desempenha mecanismos de ajustamento osmótico nas folhas, para tolerar diversas situações de umidade de água no solo.
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Varanda, Marco Antonio Ferreira. "Influência do boro via aplicação foliar em soja na várzea irrigada no Tocantins." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/588.
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A cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) é uma das principais “commodities” do agronegócio mundial. O Brasil tem se configurado neste cenário como um dos maiores produtores desta oleaginosa, destacando-se com obtenções de produtividades elevadas. A várzea irrigada é uma área de extrema importância econômica e social para o estado do Tocantins, gerando renda e empregos durante todo o ano. A fertilização foliar é utilizada com a finalidade de suplementar os níveis de nutrientes na planta, para que a mesma consiga realizar normalmente todos os seus processos metabólicos. O boro é um elemento essencial em todas as fases do ciclo da cultura da soja, participando de vários processos fisiológicos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a influência da adubação boratada foliar, aplicado em três estádios fenológicos da cultura da soja no período reprodutivo, com crescentes doses de fontes de boro, sobre os componentes de rendimento, produtividade e germinação das sementes de soja. O trabalho foi conduzido em condições de várzea irrigada, no município de Formoso do Araguaia - TO, na entressafra do ano agrícola de 2016. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial triplo 2x3x5 (produtos x épocas x doses) com quatro repetições. As características avaliadas foram: número de vagens por planta (NVP), número de sementes por planta (NSP), massa de cem sementes (MCS), produtividade (PROD), porcentagem de germinação (G%) e índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Verificou-se que os tratamentos em que houve aplicação da fonte de boro, composto por ácido bórico e octaborato, obtiveram as melhores respostas para todas as características avaliadas. Nas condições edafoclimáticas de entressafra na várzea irrigada, aplicações de B em R2 e R4 obtiveram a melhor resposta. Maiores médias foram obtidas com a aplicação de 1,5 a 2 kg.ha-1 de boro.Soybean cultivation (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the main commodities of world agribusiness. Brazil has been configured in this scenario as one of the largest producers of this oilseed, standing out with high yields. The irrigated várzea is an area of extreme economic and social importance for the southern state of Tocantins, generating income and jobs throughout the year. Foliar fertilization is used to supplement or complement nutrient levels in the plant, so that it can perform all its metabolic processes normally. Boron is an essential element in all phases of the soybean cycle, participating in several physiological processes. The objective of this work was to verify the influence of foliar fertilization, applied at three stages of soybean cultivation in the reproductive period, with increasing doses of boron sources, about the components of yield, yield and germination of soybean seeds. The work was carried out under lowland conditions, in the municipality of Formoso do Araguaia - TO, between the harvest of the agricultural year of 2016. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in 2x3x5 triple factorial (products x seasons x doses) with four replications. The characteristics evaluated were: number of pods per plant (NVP), number of seeds per plant (NSP), mass hundred seeds (MCS), productivity (PROD), Percentage of germination (G%) and emergence speed index (EVI). It was verified that the treatments in which there was application of the source of boron, composed of boric acid and octaborate, obtained the best answers for all characteristics evaluated. In the soil and climatic conditions of irrigated lowland harvest, applications of B in R2 and R4 obtained the best response. Higher averages were obtained with the application of 1,5 to 2 kg. ha-1 of boron.
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Penha, Estevan Teodoro Santana [UNESP]. "Doses e modos de aplicação de boro na produção de mudas de nespereira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136358.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The loquat cultivation is increasing in Brazil and in the world and is an important source of income for small farms, however, the production of seedlings can be an obstacle to its expansion. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate Boron reflection on the quality of loquat seedlings, and the place of supply to plants parent by determining the most effective application method in this process. There were four boron doses (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg dm-3) and two application sites (soil and leaf). The use of boron instock plants improves the root system of plants from cuttings, the most efficient foliar application than the soil. The application of this micronutrient promotes balance between root / shoot, ensuring the formation of a balanced changes, given that the leaf supply increases the volume of the stake roots. Therefore the supply of boron to headquarters makes the process effectively, reducing cost, optimizing time and assuring the quality of fruit seedlings.
O cultivo de nêsperas vem aumentando no Brasil e no mundo, sendo uma importante fonte de renda para pequenas propriedades, no entanto, a produção de mudas pode ser um gargalo de sua expansão. Dessa forma o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o reflexo do boro na qualidade das mudas de nespereira, bem como o local de seu fornecimento às plantasmães determinando-se o modo de aplicação mais eficiente neste processo. Foram utilizadas quatro doses de boro (0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 mg dm-3 ) e dois locais de aplicação (no solo e foliar). A utilização de boro nas plantas-matrizes melhora o sistema radicular das mudas obtidas por estaquia, sendo a aplicação foliar mais eficiente do que via solo. A aplicação deste micronutriente promove o equilíbrio entre raiz/parte aérea, garantindo a formação de uma muda equilibrada, haja vista que o fornecimento foliar aumenta o volume de raízes da estaca. Portanto o fornecimento de boro às matrizes torna o processo eficaz, reduzindo custo, otimizando tempo e garantindo a qualidade das mudas frutíferas.
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Dickinson, Natalie. "Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy in Malawi : an interdisciplinary approach." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.729420.
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James-McAlpine, Janelle M. "Micronutrient supplementation and birth outcomes in South-East Queensland." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/391076.
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Pregnancy is a state of constant physiological compensation, processes that simultaneously account for the physical needs of both mother and foetus. These changes create a complex and continuously evolving environment, one which depends on essential elements for continued optimal function. While these processes are vital to the maintenance of pregnancy, they are also pivotal to parturition, a process which relies on the actions of numerous micronutrients for essential endocrine and inflammatory pathways. As such, proper maternal nutrition is pivotal to optimal birth outcomes.
Global, national and state agencies address nutrition within theoretical and conceptual frameworks; these interact with governance, clinical, and consumer factors to create complexities individuals must navigate when making nutrition-related decisions. This decision-making becomes more complicated during pregnancy due to social influences, such as advertising and peer pressure, and cultural factors such as food avoidance, traditions and beliefs. The confluence of these determinants influences each woman’s nutrition state, with the potential to result in transgenerational health consequences.
Malnutrition is associated with suboptimal perinatal outcomes, a situation not restricted to low and middle-income countries. Although outcomes in these regions have improved with supplement interventions, research is yet to determine the efficacy of supplementation in high-income countries. However, despite the lack of evidence surrounding their safety and efficacy, and recommendations relating to the use of supplements during pregnancy, the pregnancy supplement market is estimated to reach a value of $673.8 million by the year 2025. This quantitative research explored data collected from three cross-sectional cohorts in order to explore the associations between micronutrient supplementation and birth outcomes in South-East Queensland women. The first of these datasets – the Environments for Healthy Living cohort - was a longitudinal birth cohort study with self-reported perinatal data collection undertaken between 2006 and 2011. The second was the Gold Coast Health and Hospital Service Maternity Information System cohort; a clinician controlled digital perinatal database with data available from 2014 to 2017. The third was the Maternal Outcomes and Nutrition Tool database, a cohort recruited explicitly for this study between 2016 and 2018, self-declaring data using a specially designed digital data collection tool. Collectively, these three cohorts examine the relationships between demographics, socio-cultural factors, micronutrition status, supplement use, dietary decision-making and their influence on the birth outcomes of 9300 women from South-East Queensland over the twelve years from 2006 to 2018.
Six research aims informed three formative enquiries addressing the central research question. These aims examined evidence informing current recommendations regarding micronutrient supplements during pregnancy in Australia, determined if evidence of benefit exists regarding micronutrient supplements and birth outcomes in South-East Queensland women and explored the human factors affecting nutrition-related decision making in the study population. This research aimed to determine relationships between socio-cultural determinants of health, micronutrition, supplement use and birth outcomes in pregnant women of South-East Queensland.
A literature review was conducted, highlighting current limitations and knowledge gaps relating to the influence of supplementation in nutritionally replete and high-income populations. Furthermore, current data collections were found to exhibit significant limitations inhibiting accurate determination of causal relationships. As such evidence informing current recommendations during pregnancy was determined to be neither robust nor contemporary.
Driving dietary decision making were several social, health, cultural and economic factors. These include smoking, income, education, cultural and linguistic diversity, access to maternity care models, the range of maternity care models and providers, and health service resources. In particular, women from low-socioeconomic backgrounds - including women who smoke and women from cultural and linguistically diverse backgrounds - reported nutrition motives that position health factors as a low priority. While these women did not demonstrate evidence of benefit from micronutrient supplements, they did declare nutrition decision-making behaviours that would benefit from dietary counselling and support strategies.
The synthesis of information afforded by this research has determined that micronutrient supplementation is not appropriate in pregnant women of South-East Queensland. Further, supplementation did not improve birth outcomes in either the general population or in women from demographic groups considered to be at risk for suboptimal outcomes. Conversely, non-therapeutic use demonstrated the capacity for detrimental effects across all three cohorts, particularly concerning the effect of micronutrient supplements on overweight women and the incidence of prolonged pregnancy. Determination of what constitutes sustainable, safe and effective nutrition interventions in women at risk of suboptimal birth outcomes requires further empirical research.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Celestrino, Thiago de Souza. "Efeito residual e reaplicação de boro na cultura do eucalipto (Clone I144)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152742.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os solos de Cerrado apresentam baixos teores de matéria orgânica e, sendo esta a principal fonte primária de boro (B), torna-se necessário o suprimento deste nutriente via adubação. Portanto, em plantios comerciais de eucalipto, é comum a adubação no sulco de plantio e até mesmo via foliar, durante a fase de implantação da cultura. Sendo assim, é importante verificar se a aplicação de B realizada inicialmente por meio de fontes com diferentes solubilidades é suficiente para atender as exigências da cultura ao longo do ciclo, ou se é necessária a reaplicação do elemento em cobertura. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho comparar o efeito residual das fontes de B aplicadas no sulco de plantio, assim como também a aplicação foliar e a reaplicação de B em cobertura na cultura do eucalipto (clone I144), tendo em vista o alto índice de bifurcação das árvores sem aplicação de B. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Renascença, localizada no município de Três Lagoas/MS, com latitude 20o 34’ S e longitude 51o 50’ O e altitude de aproximadamente 305 m. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, em esquema fatorial, onde as parcelas foram subdivididas, perfazendo um 3 x 2 x 2, sendo o primeiro fator: 0 kg ha-1 de B; 1 kg ha-1 de B utilizando o fertilizante borogran (baixa solubilidade, 10% B), aplicado manualmente em filete contínuo no sulco de plantio; 1 kg ha-1 de B utilizando o fertilizante ácido bórico (alta solubilidade, 17% B), aplicado manualmente em filete contínuo no sulco de plantio. O fatorial 2 se refere à aplicação ou não de B via foliar. Foram realizadas duas aplicações foliares de B até o primeiro ano de idade da cultura. Em cada aplicação foi utilizado ácido bórico a 0,5 % na calda com volume de 250 L ha-1. O último fator 2, se refere às subparcelas que receberam ou não a reaplicação de B aos 34 e 46 meses após o plantio, na projeção da copa, utilizando o fertilizante ácido bórico na dose de 1 kg ha-1 de B em cada aplicação. Para a aplicação de 1 kg ha-1 de B no plantio, há a necessidade da reaplicação do nutriente em cobertura, influenciando positivamente o seu teor no solo, no estado nutricional, produtividade de madeira, transferência de B ao solo e concentração no folhedo. As reaplicações de B também promoveram o maior acúmulo do nutriente no tronco, reduzindo, assim, a eficiência de uso do B na produção de madeira. Embora houve maior efeito residual de B no solo, em virtude da aplicação do borogran, as fontes de B se comportaram de modo semelhante para as mensurações de produtividade de madeira, concentração foliar, qualidade do fuste e transferência ao solo. Cabe destacar que, mesmo sendo uma dose considerada baixa (1 kg ha-1 de B), sua aplicação, bem como as aplicações foliares de B, reduziram a porcentagem de bifurcação das árvores. A densidade básica da madeira e o acúmulo de B nas frações (galhos e folhas) não foram influenciados pelo efeito residual das fontes de boro, assim como as aplicações foliares e reaplicações em cobertura.
Cerrado soils have low organic matter content, and this being the main primary source of boron (B), it is necessary to supply this element through fertilization. Therefore, in commercial eucalyptus plantations, it is common to fertilize in the planting groove and even via the foliar, during the implantation phase of the crop. Therefore, it is important to verify if the application of B carried out initially is sufficient to meet the crop requirements during the cycle, or if it is necessary to reapply the element under cover. The objective of this work was to compare the residual effect of the B sources applied to the planting groove, as well as the foliar application of the element and the reapplication of B in cover in the eucalyptus crop (clone I144), considering the high index of bifurcation in the treatments that did not receive the application of B. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Renascença, located in the municipality of Três Lagoas/MS. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five replications, in a factorial scheme, where the plots were subdivided, making a 3 x 2 x 2, being the first factor: 0 kg ha-1 of B; 1 kg ha-1 of B using borogran fertilizer (low solubility, 10% B), manually applied in continuous fillet in the planting groove; 1 kg ha-1 of B using boric acid fertilizer (high solubility, 17% B), manually applied in continuous fillet in the planting groove. Factorial 2 refers to the application or not of B via foliage. Two foliar applications of B were carried out until the first year of culture. In each application, 0,5% boric acid was used in the syrup with a volume of 250 L ha-1. The last factor 2, refers to the subplots that received or not the reapplication of B at 34 and 46 months after planting, in the crown projection, using the boric acid fertilizer at the dose of 1 kg ha-1 of B in each application. For the application of 1 kg ha-1 of B in the plantation, there is a need for reapplication of the covering element, positively influencing the soil element content, nutritional status of the crop, wood productivity, soil B transfer and soil concentration. element not leafed. The reapplications of B also promoted the greater accumulation of the element in the trunk of wood, thus reducing the efficiency of use of B in the production of wood. Although there was a greater residual effect of B in the soil due to borogran application, the sources of B behaved similarly to the measurements of wood productivity, leaf concentration, stem quality and soil transfer. It should be noted that even though a dose considered low (1 kg ha-1 of B), its application, as well as the foliar applications of B, reduced the percentage of bifurcation of the trees. There is a higher concentration of B in lower leaves of the crown when compared to the upper leaves, indicating, therefore, the low mobility of the element in the phloem. The basic wood density and the accumulation of B in the fractions (branches and leaves) were not influenced by the residual effect of the boron sources, as well as the foliar applications and reapplication of the cover element.
FAPESP: 14/03387-6
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McLean, Erin Diane. "Effectiveness of weekly multiple micronutrients vs. two levels of iron supplements to improve anemia, micronutrient status and cognitive performance in Senegalese school children /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Serfontein, Marita. "Micronutrient dilution associated with alcohol and added sugar intake in the THUSA population / Marita Serfontein." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4584.
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The micronutrient intake of the average South African is not optimal. National fortification of staple foods does not solve all micronutrient deficiencies. Furthermore, urbanisation causes a shift in food intake, increasing the availability of cheaper and more energy dense food and drinks that are often lacking in micronutrients. It is unclear whether the current literature provides sufficient evidence of nutrient dilution by the moderate consumption of alcohol and/or added sugar. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dietary intakes of a population in nutrition transition and determine the effect of intake of alcohol and added sugars on intakes of micronutrients and food groups to provide information for the development of preventive strategies in public health. A number of countries, including South Africa, suggest limited alcohol and sugar intakes in the Food Based Dietary Guidelines but do not quantify this recommendation.
Data from the "Transition and Health during Urbanisation in South Africa" survey (THUSA) were analysed for dietary intakes (as determined by a validated quantified food frequency questionnaire), age and body mass index (BMI). The THUSA study was conducted during 1996 and 1998 in the North West Province and included 1854 "apparently healthy". Respondents aged 15 years and older from 37 randomly selected sites from rural and urban areas. Alcohol intake (absolute intake and percentage of energy) was the highest for men living in middle class urban areas. With increased urbanisation, the type of beer shifted from sorghum based to commercial beer. Sixty-one percent of men and 25% of women reported that they consumed alcohol at the time of the survey. Eighteen percent of men and 11.7% of women consumed more than 30g and 15g alcohol per day, respectively (intakes which are regarded as moderate). Men and women consuming the most alcohol had significantly higher mean intakes of most macro and micronutrients. However, the intake of vitamin Bi2, B6, folate, vitamin E and vitamin C did not meet the recommended dietary intake (RDA) across all levels of alcohol intake. Although the total energy intake increased with increased alcohol intake, there was no significant difference between the mean BMI of men or women with different levels of intake.
One third of the population consumed more than a 100g of added sugar daily. Intake of sugar was the highest in the farm dwellers but the intake of sweets, cakes, cookies and cold drinks was the highest in the urban areas. As sugar intake increased so did energy, carbohydrates and most micronutrients. However, the intake of vitamin B12, folate, vitamin C and calcium did not meet the RDA across all levels of sugar intake. BMI did not differ between respondents with the highest and lowest sugar intake and no association was found between BMI and sugar intake. The THUSA study was conducted before fortification of staple food became law in October 2003. Maize meal and wheat flour are nowadays fortified with certain vitamins and minerals which may alleviate some micronutrient deficiencies. For future research it is imperative to establish the reasons for low intake of certain micronutrients rather than to look at a single food item in the diets of the South African adult population. Proper education on the intake of cheaper food sources of micronutrients needs to be highlighted at all levels of the health sector.Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Biebinger, Ralf. "Controlling multiple micronutrient deficiencies : potential interactions and strategies for prevention /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17619.
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Haider, Abdul Rahman A. M. "Phosphate and micronutrient behaviour in some calcareous soils of Yemen." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254036.
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McKeag, Nicholas Adam. "A trial of micronutrient supplementation in patients with heart failure." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602502.
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This thesis describes a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial investigating the effect of a multiple micronutrient supplement in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Seventy-nine patients with chronic stable heart failure were recruited and randomized to treatment with a multiple micronutrient supplement or placebo. The primary end-point of the study was left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), assessed using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging or 3·dimensional echocardiography. The secondary end·points were quality of life (assessed using the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire), physical functioning (assessed using six-minute walk test distance), blood levels of N·terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, blood levels of Creactive protein, blood • levels of pro· and anti-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha. interleukin·6 and mterleukin-10) and urinary levels of a marker of oxidative stress (8· iso·prostagtandin F2 alpha). All end-points were assessed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment with the study medication . Compliance with the study med ication was assessed by measuring blood levels of a number of micro nutrients contained within the multiple micronutrient supplement. There was evidence of good compliance with the study medication in nearly all subjects. With respect to the primary end-point , complete follow-up data were available for 68 subjects (35 patients in th~ placebo group and 33 patients in the multiple micronutrient supplement group). There was no evidence of a significant effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on LVEF In addition, there was no evidence of a significant effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on any of the secondary end·points. This study, therefore, provides no evidence to support the routine treatment with a multiple micronutrient supplement of such patients with chronic stable heart failure.
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Oh, Weng Chin. "Micronutrient losses during renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41567/.
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Malnutrition is common in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients, particularly on the ICU, where they often receive renal replacement therapy (RRT). RRT may exacerbate loss of water-soluble micronutrients (e.g. trace elements, amino acids and B-vitamins). No clinical study has quantified these losses and contrasted between types of RRT that use different methods to remove solutes i.e. by diffusion (intermittent haemodialysis, IHD) by convection (continuous veno-venous haemofiltration, CVVH) or by a combination of both (sustained low-efficiency diafiltration, SLEDf). Using a prospective, observational design patients (n=24 per modality) were consented before their first treatment session. Blood and RRT effluent (dialysate or filtrate) were sampled at baseline (pre-RRT), mid and end-RRT. Amino acids were measured by HPLC, trace elements by ICP-MS and B-vitamins (B1, B3, B6, B9, B12) by LC-MS. Plasma concentrations were corrected for dialysis dose using the urea reduction ratio (for IHD & SLEDf, but not CVVH). Micronutrient losses (mass-corrected) were calculated as concentration × RRT effluent volume, corrected for plasma concentration and RRT dose (i.e. solute removal index). Data were analysed by restricted maximum likelihood estimating equations (Genstat v16, VSNi Ltd, UK). Patients receiving CVVH had significantly higher plasma amino acids, but not plasma trace elements, at baseline (amino acids: CVVH, 3762 ± 357; IHD, 2039 ± 337; SLEDf, 2505 ± 423 µmol/L; trace elements: IHD, 4156 ± 465; SLEDf 3732 ± 521; CVVH 3982 ± 465 µg/L). At RRT end, plasma amino acids and trace elements had significantly reduced (429 ± 223 µmol/L; 600 ± 400 µg/L, respectively). No trace element was lost to a greater extent between types of RRT, but many ( > 10) individual amino acids declined to a much greater extent with SLEDf vs. HD or CVVH (e.g. effect size for lysine was -64 ± 23 µmol/L). Two significant sources of micronutrient loss were noted: to effluent and through dialyser adsorption. The latter contributed < 1g amino acids but in effluent recorded losses of up to 25g were noted with CVVH (5-10g for IHD and SLEDf, respectively). Effluent losses of trace elements varied significantly, but in all cases were greater for CVVH (e.g. effect size for copper was +850 ± 475 µg vs. HD or SLED-F). B-vitamins were not detectable in effluent. Significant loss of micronutrients during RRT, particularly for patients in ICU, is a possible aggravating factor for patients known to be at high risk of malnutrition. The type of RRT used influences the pattern of loss but not consistently for all nutrients. Adsorption of amino acids to dialysers adds a small, but cumulative loss that may become important if further treatment sessions are indicated.
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Chapman, Jordan S. "Factors Affecting Folic Acid Stability in Micronutrient Fortified Corn Tortillas." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3026.pdf.
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Ahmad, Fiaz. "Phosphate and micronutrient behaviour under flooded and aerated soil conditions." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/phosphate-and-micronutrient-behaviour-under-flooded-and-aerated-soil-conditions(cb6f4dd9-07e6-4c30-a7f3-f3727d8feb8f).html.
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Phosphorus and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu & Zn) behaviour was investigated under flooded and aerated soil conditions, typical of paddy rice and wheat rotations in Pakistan. Pyrophosphate was used in small proportions with orthophosphate to investigate its effects on P and micronutrient, particular Zn availability, during both laboratory incubations and glass house experiments. Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate, its effects on P sorption by lime and different soils with or without added "organic acids" were also studied. Flooded conditions during both laboratory incubations and glass house trials greatly increased the extractability of soil P in comparison to controls and orthophosphate treated samples. Moist aerated conditions enhanced the sorption of applied P, with further sorption being observed in alternating flooded and moist aerated conditions. Increases in the extractability of soil P were related to iron oxidases/hydroxides. Soil Fe, Mn and Cu increased with flooding whereas soil Zn decreased. Soil P availability increased with the addition of lime, the 10% level being more effective than 5%, either due to increases in pH and/or due to precipitation of iron, the active site for P sorption. Pyrophosphate with or without added Zn decreased p sorption by lime and the soils studied, with the greatest effects being observed in the presence of lime. Added pyrophosphate, in the presence of lime, also maintained lower pH values in the solution compared with orthophosphate treated samples. Among the soils, pyrophosphate proved to be more effective when added to a calcareous Pakistani soil rather than the local soils (brown earth + brown podzolic). Added "organic acids", like extracts of soil and rice straw, decreased P sorption whereas the addition of (0.1M) citric acid increased it. Added Zn decreased P sorption by agricultural lime and the soils studied. In the presence of added pyrophosphate, sorption of Zn by agricultural lime decreased whereas sorption increased in soils.
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Namanya, Priver. "Towards the biofortification of banana fruit for enhanced micronutrient content." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/45785/1/Priver_Namanya_Thesis.pdf.
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In Uganda, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) are major public health problems with between 15-32% of children under 5 years of age showing VAD and 73% being anaemic. This is largely due to the fact that the staple food crop of the country, banana, is low in pro-vitamin A and iron, therefore leading to dietary deficiencies. Although worldwide progress has been made to control VAD and IDA through supplementation, food fortification and diet diversification, their long term sustainability and impact in developing countries such as Uganda is limited. The approach taken by researchers at Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia, in collaboration with the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Uganda, to address this problem, is to generate consumer acceptable banana varieties with significantly increased levels of pro-vitamin A and iron in the fruit using genetic engineering techniques. Such an approach requires the use of suitable, well characterised genes and promoters for targeted transgene expression. Recently, a new banana phytoene synthase gene (APsy2a) involved in the synthesis of pro-vitamin A (pVA) carotenoids was isolated from a high â-carotene banana (F’ei cv Asupina). In addition, sequences of banana ferritin, an iron storage protein, have been isolated from Cavendish banana. The aim of the research described in this thesis was to evaluate the function of these genes to assess their suitability for the biofortification of banana fruit. In addition, a range of banana-derived promoters were characterised to determine their suitability for controlling the expression of transgenes in banana fruit. Due to the time constraints involved with generating transgenic banana fruit, rice was used as the model crop to investigate the functionality of the banana-derived APsy2a and ferritin genes. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, rice callus was transformed with APsy2a +/- the bacterial-derived carotene desaturase gene (CrtI) each under the control of the constitutive maize poly-ubiquitin promoter (ZmUbi) or seed-specific rice glutelin1 (Gt1) promoter. The maize phytoene synthase (ZmPsy1) gene was included as a control. On selective media, with the exception of ZmUbi-CrtI-transgenic callus, all antibiotic resistant callus displayed a yellow-orange colour from which the presence of â-carotene was demonstrated using Raman spectroscopy. Although the regeneration of plants from yellow-orange callus was difficult, 16 transgenic plants were obtained and characterised from callus transformed with ZmUbi-APys2a alone. At least 50% of the T1 seeds developed a yellow-orange coloured callus which was found to contain levels of â-carotene ranging from 4.6-fold to 72-fold higher than that in non-transgenic rice callus. Using the seed-specific Gt1 promoter, 38 transgenic rice plants were generated from APsy2a-CrtI-transformed callus while 32 plants were regenerated from ZmPsy1-CrtI-transformed callus. However, when analysed for presence of transgene by PCR, all transgenic plants contained the APsy2a, ZmPsy1 or CrtI transgene, with none of the plants found to be co-transformed. Using Raman spectroscopy, no â-carotene was detected in-situ in representative T1 seeds. To investigate the potential of the banana-derived ferritin gene (BanFer1) to enhance iron content, rice callus was transformed with constitutively expressed BanFer1 using the soybean ferritin gene (SoyFer) as a control. A total of 12 and 11 callus lines independently transformed with BanFer1 and SoyFer, respectively, were multiplied and transgene expression was verified by RT-PCR. Pearl’s Prussian blue staining for in-situ detection of ferric iron showed a stronger blue colour in rice callus transformed with BanFer1 compared to SoyFer. Using flame atomic absorption spectrometry, the highest mean amount of iron quantified in callus transformed with BanFer1 was 30-fold while that obtained using the SoyFer was 14-fold higher than the controls. In addition, ~78% of BanFer1-transgenic callus lines and ~27% of SoyFer-transgenic callus lines had significantly higher iron content than the non-transformed controls. Since the genes used for enhancing micronutrient content need to be expressed in banana fruit, the activity of a range of banana-derived, potentially fruit-active promoters in banana was investigated. Using uidA (GUS) as a reporter gene, the function of the Expansin1 (MaExp1), Expansin1 containing the rice actin intron (MaExp1a), Expansin4 (MaExp4), Extensin (MaExt), ACS (MaACS), ACO (MaACO), Metallothionein (MaMT2a) and phytoene synthase (APsy2a) promoters were transiently analysed in intact banana fruit using two transformation methods, particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration (agro-infiltration). Although a considerable amount of variation in promoter activity was observed both within and between experiments, similar trends were obtained using both transformation methods. The MaExp1 and MaExp1a directed high levels of GUS expression in banana fruit which were comparable to those observed from the ZmUbi and Banana bunchy top virus-derived BT4 promoters that were included as positive controls. Lower levels of promoter activity were obtained in both methods using the MaACO and MaExt promoters while the MaExp4, MaACS, and APsy2a promoters directed the lowest GUS activity in banana fruit. An attempt was subsequently made to use agro-infiltration to assess the expression of pVA biosynthesis genes in banana fruit by infiltrating fruit with constructs in which the ZmUbi promoter controlled the expression of APsy2a +/- CrtI, and with the maize phytoene synthase gene (ZmPsy1) included as a control. Unfortunately, the large amount of variation and inconsistency observed within and between experiments precluded any meaningful conclusions to be drawn. The final component of this research was to assess the level of promoter activity and specificity in non-target tissue. These analyses were done on leaves obtained from glasshouse-grown banana plants stably transformed with MaExp1, MaACO, APsy2a, BT4 and ZmUbi promoters driving the expression of the GUS gene in addition to leaves from a selection of the same transgenic plants which were growing in a field trial in North Queensland. The results from both histochemical and fluorometric GUS assays showed that the MaExp1 and MaACO promoters directed very low GUS activities in leaves of stably transformed banana plants compared to the constitutive ZmUbi and BT4 promoters. In summary, the results from this research provide evidence that the banana phytoene synthase gene (APsy2a) and the banana ferritin gene (BanFer1) are functional, since the constitutive over-expression of each of these transgenes led to increased levels of pVA carotenoids (for APsy2a) and iron content (for BanFer1) in transgenic rice callus. Further work is now required to determine the functionality of these genes in stably-transformed banana fruit. This research also demonstrated that the MaExp1 and MaACO promoters are fruit-active but have low activity in non-target tissue (leaves), characteristics that make them potentially useful for the biofortification of banana fruit. Ultimately, however, analysis of fruit from field-grown transgenic plants will be required to fully evaluate the suitability of pVA biosynthesis genes and the fruit-active promoters for fruit biofortification.
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Naismith, Thomass Phoebe Loris Sophia. "Effects of Dietary Micronutrient Supplementation on the Development of Emotionality and Anxiety in a Normal Rat Population." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9163.
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There is a growing body of research into the effects of micronutrients on human mental health. There is evidence that multi-ingredient formulas are beneficial especially in relation to serious mental health disorders such as mood and anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorders. However there is almost no scientific research which looks at the effects of these formulas in an animal population. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a micronutrient formula, EMPowerplus, on anxiety behaviour in rats, and whether there is a relationship between dose and anxiolytic effect. In order to investigate this 40 male and 40 female rats received a diet consisting of either 0%, 1.25%, 2.5% or 5% EMP+ from when they were weaned (post natal day 30) until the end of testing 141 days later. Animals were tested in a Y maze, a light-dark emergence box and an open field at mid-adulthood (PND 136-138) and late adulthood (PND 186-188). Results found that animals receiving the 5% supplemented diet occupied the centre squares the most, occupied the corner squares the least and ambulated the most in the open field compared to the other experimental groups and control groups. No significant differences were found in the Y maze or Light-dark box. Animals were found to display more anxiety-like behaviour at time 2 than at time 1 regardless of receiving a supplemented diet or not. Overall a higher dose of EMP+ was associated with the greatest reduction in anxiety related behaviour. Due to the impact of the September 4th, 2010 Canterbury Earthquake caution should be taken when interpreting these results.
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Hermoso, Cristóbal María. "Reference values for micronutrient intake and their derivation from micronutrient requirements. The effect of iron supply on neurodevelopment and immunity in infants, children, and adolescents." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-137452.
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Silva, Raimundo Thiago Lima da. "Sunflowers cultivation in the city CapitÃo PoÃo - PA: plastochron, water slides and boron fertilization." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14168.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThe obtainment of information through the research has been decisive to provide technological support to sunflowers culture development, granting better productivities and economical incomes. Among the various technologies developed to sunflowers production, the adequate choice of cultivars constitutes one of the main components in the system of culture production. Considering the existence of the interaction genotypes x environment, researches are required, aiming to determine the agronomic behavior of genotypes and their adaptation to different environment conditions. Based on these principles, there were developed four experiments in CapitÃo PoÃo City, in Parà State, in Brazil, with two sunflower cultivars, Embrapa â 122 and Catissol. On experiment I, sunflower cultivarsâ plastochron was determined, sowed in two seasons in the year. On experiment II, the effect of different water slides over the productive behavior of sunflower cultivars was evaluated, which were cultivated in protected behavior, aiming to define criteria to irrigation handling. On experiment III, there were evaluated seven doses of boron (10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg plant-1) and a witness, on the growing characteristics and on sunflower plants production. And on Experiment IV, the objective was to verify the relative content of water, the concentrations of total soluble amino acids, of total soluble proteins, of free ammoniums, deprolina and the activity of nitrate reductase, in sunflower leaves, in function of two cultivars and of different water slides. Through the obtained results, it was concluded that: the sowing seasons, the sub periods of vegetative development and the cultivars, possess different rights over the plastochron in sunflowers, with variations of 14,6 to 8787,0 ÂC day knot-1; the cultivar Catissol obtained values of mass of dried matter from the aerial part, mass of dried matter from the flower and the flower diameter responded in a linear way to the water slides. The variables, production, mass of 100 achenes and the number of leaves, were optimized by small doses of boron; and, finally, the applied water slides influenced on the concentrations of amino acids, protein, proline, relative content of water and on the activity of nitrate reductase, on sunflower leaves, as the genetic material in studies, presented different results, to these variables, excepting for the activity of nitrate reductase. Therefore, it was realized that sunflowers make mechanisms of osmotic adjustment in leaves, to tolerate various situations of humidity of water in the soil
A obtenÃÃo de informaÃÃes por meio da pesquisa tem sido decisiva para dar suporte tecnolÃgico ao desenvolvimento da cultura do girassol, garantindo maiores produtividades e retornos econÃmicos. Entre as vÃrias tecnologias desenvolvidas para a produÃÃo de girassol, a escolha adequada de cultivares constitui um dos principais componentes do sistema de produÃÃo da cultura. Diante da existÃncia de interaÃÃo genÃtipos x ambientes, sÃo necessÃrias pesquisas, a fim de determinar o comportamento agronÃmico dos genÃtipos e sua adaptaÃÃo Ãs diferentes condiÃÃes locais. Partindo desse principio, foram desenvolvidos quatro experimentos no municÃpio de CapitÃo PoÃo, PA, com duas cultivares de girassol, a Embrapa - 122 e Catissol. No experimento I, determinou-se o plastocrono das cultivares de girassol, semeadas em duas Ãpocas do ano. No experimento II, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes lÃminas de Ãgua sobre o comportamento produtivo das cultivares de girassol, cultivadas em ambiente protegido, visando definir critÃrios para o manejo da irrigaÃÃo. No experimento III, avaliaram-se sete doses de boro (10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg e 70 mg planta-1) e uma testemunha, nas caracterÃsticas de crescimento e produÃÃo de plantas de girassol. E no Experimento IV, o objetivo foi verificar o conteÃdo relativo de Ãgua, as concentraÃÃes, de aminoÃcidos solÃveis totais, de proteÃnas solÃveis totais, de amÃnio livre, de prolina e a atividade da redutase do nitrato, em folhas de girassol, em funÃÃo de duas cultivares e de diferentes lÃminas de Ãgua. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que: as Ãpocas de semeadura, os subperÃodos de desenvolvimento vegetativo e as cultivares, possuem efeito direto sobre o plastocrono em girassol, com variaÃÃes de 14,6 a 87,0 ÂC dia nÃ-1; a cultivar Catissol obteve valores de massa de matÃria seca da parte aÃrea, massa de matÃria seca do capÃtulo e o diÃmetro do capÃtulo superior a Embrapa â 122; para o efeito das lÃminas de Ãgua, a massa de 100 aquÃnios, a produÃÃo por planta, a massa de matÃria seca da parte aÃrea, a massa de matÃria seca do capÃtulo e o diÃmetro do capÃtulo responderam de modo linear as lÃminas de Ãgua. As variÃveis, produÃÃo, massa de 100 aquÃnios e nÃmero de folha, foram otimizadas por pequenas doses de boro; e por fim, as lÃminas de Ãgua aplicadas influenciaram nas concentraÃÃes de aminoÃcidos, de proteÃna, de prolina, do conteÃdo relativo de Ãgua e na atividade da redutase do nitrato, nas folhas de girassol, assim como o material genÃtico em estudo, apresentou resultados diferenciados, para essas variÃveis, com exceÃÃo da atividade da redutase do nitrato. Portanto, percebeu-se que o girassol desempenha mecanismos de ajustamento osmÃtico nas folhas, para tolerar diversas situaÃÃes de umidade de Ãgua no solo
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Hughes, C. M. "Oxidative stress, isoprostanes and micronutrient levels in patients with heart failure." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446122.
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Irwin, Kristmanson Dorian. "Interactions among micronutrient status, infection, and growth in Panamanian preschool children." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86811.
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In developing countries, the coexistence of malnutrition and intestinal parasitism contributes to growth faltering. Interrelationships among malnutrition, infection, and growth were explored in 328 indigenous Panamanian preschool children. Dietary and infection predictors of height-for-age z-score (HAZ) were identified in the dry and rainy seasons, the impact of stunting and vitamin A deficiency (VAD, serum retinol ≤0.70umol/L) on Ascaris reinfection was assessed, and associations between growth, infection, serum vitamin D and cytokines were explored. Ascaris infection intensity did not predict HAZ, but diarrhea negatively predicted vitamin A status and HAZ. Stunted children (HAZ < -2 SD) consumed more sugar and fiber, less dairy, vitamin B12, and fat, and, if vitamin A-deficient, were more susceptible to Ascaris reinfection. VAD was prevalent (>80%) despite supplementation, and 27% had insufficient serum vitamin D. Both were associated with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nutritional status, stunting, and reinfection rates may be improved in this population through comprehensive interventions that focus on diet quality, food security, and reducing diarrheal disease, particularly during the rainy season when food insecurity increases.Dans les pays en voie de développement, la coexistence de la malnutrition et du parasitisme intestinal mène souvent à des retards de croissance. Une étude a été menée auprès de 328 enfants autochtones panaméens d'âge préscolaire afin d'examiner l'influence des retards de croissance et des carences en vitamine A sur la réinfection parasitaire d'Ascaris, ainsi que la relation entre la croissance linéaire des enfants et les concentrations sérique en cytokines, vitamines A et D. Nous avons aussi déterminé les prédicteurs de retards de croissance pendant la saison sèche et la saison des pluies. La sécurité alimentaire diminue pendant la saison des pluies, et la diarrhée est associée au manque de vitamine A et aux retards de croissance linéaire. Les enfants de petite taille consomment plus de sucre et de fibres, moins de produits laitiers, de vitamine B12, et de lipides. Les enfants ayant une carence en vitamine A sont plus susceptibles d'être réinfectés par le parasite Ascaris. Les carences en vitamine A sont répandues (>80%) en dépit de la supplémentation, et 27% ont un niveau sanguin de vitamine D insuffisant. Des approches systémiques, qui incluent un régime de qualité, assurent la sécurité alimentaire et diminuent l'incidence des épisodes de diarrhée, surtout pendant la saison des pluies, pourraient s'avérer plus efficaces pour améliorer la croissance et les carences nutritionnelles chez les enfants de cette population que de simples interventions de supplémentation en micronutriments.
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Hunnisett, Adrian G. W. "Micronutrient interaction in the management of patients following bone marrow transplantation." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318301.
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Pascual, Rebecca W. "Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake in Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2058.
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Objective: This study’s purpose was to examine dietary quality, macronutrient intake, and micronutrient adequacy among long term weight loss maintainers (WLM) in a commercial weight management program.
Methods: Participants were 1,207 WLM in WW (formerly Weight Watchers) who had maintained a 9.1 kg or greater weight loss (29.7 kg on average) for 3.4 years, and had an average BMI of 28.3 kg/m2. A control group of weight stable adults with obesity (Controls; N=102) had a BMI of 41.1 kg/m2 and 2.3 kg or less weight change over the previous five years.
Results: WLM vs. Controls had a 10.1 point higher HEI-2015 score (70.2 [69.7 - 70.7] vs 60.1 [58.4 - 61.8], respectively; p=0.0001) in analyses that adjusted for group difference in demographic factors. WLM versus Controls had a significantly higher average percentage of calories from carbohydrates (50.3% [49.7 - 50.8] vs 46.7% [44.8 - 48.7], respectively; p=0.0001) and protein (18.2% [18.0-18.5] vs 15.9% [15.1-16.6], respectively; p=0.0001) and lower percentage of calories from fat (32.3% [31.9-32.8] vs 37.4% [35.8-38.9], respectively; p=0.0001). Examining micronutrients, WLM had significantly higher odds for meeting the EAR for copper (OR=5.8 [2.6-13.1]; p=0.0001), magnesium (OR=2.9 [1.8-4.7]; p=0.0001), potassium (OR=4.7 [1.4-16.5]; p=0.015), vitamin A (OR=2.8 [1.7-4.8]; p=0.0001), thiamin (OR=2.3 [1.3-4.1]; p=0.003), riboflavin (OR=6.5 [2.2-19.3]; p=0.001), vitamin B6 (OR=2.91 [1.6-5.2]; p=0.0001), vitamin C (OR=5.0 [2.8-8.8]; p=0.0001), folate (OR=2.2 [1.3-3.7]; p=0.003), and vitamin E (OR=1.8 [1.1-2.8]; p=0.014) and didn’t differ in calcium (OR=1.15 [0.7-1.7]; p=0.823), iron (OR=1.9 [0.8-4.6]; p=0.151), phosphorus (OR=2.0 [0.9-4.5]; p=0.101), selenium (OR=1.6 [0.6-3.8]; p=0.332), zinc (OR=1.7 [0.9-3.0]; p=0.095), niacin (B3) (OR=1.9 [0.8-4.1]; p=0.136), vitamin B12 (OR=1.2 [0.5-2.8]; p=0.625), and vitamin D (OR=1.5 [0.9-2.4]; p=0.09).
Conclusions In a widely available commercial program, WLM consumed a healthier and more micronutrient rich diet than adults who were weight stable with obesity. Future research is needed to examine whether improved micronutrient status among WLM reduces risk of chronic disease.
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Devakumar, D. "The long-term effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation in Nepal." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1437062/.
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The PhD thesis investigates the long-term effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation. A growing body of evidence suggests that changes in early-life environment can have lasting effects on health and disease. To investigate this, we followed up children from a double-blind randomised controlled trial of MMN in pregnancy. The trial found that the intervention group were a mean 77 g heavier at birth and 204 g at 2.5 years, with a 2.5 mmHg lower mean blood pressure. The project described in the thesis set out to investigate the role of antenatal MMN intervention in the programming of future health and disease risk factors in mid-childhood. It sought to determine whether the differences in anthropometry previously present were sustained into mid-childhood and if this was due to an increase in lean mass or fat mass. It also looked at whether antenatal MMN supplementation resulted in an improvement in lung function in the children. Finally, two secondary analyses were conducted to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and growth, and air pollution and asthma. We measured anthropometry, body composition using bioelectrical impedance (with population specific isotope calibration), blood pressure, kidney dimensions by ultrasound and lung function. Data were also collected on potential confounders: socieconomic status, food security and personal air pollution exposure estimates. We assessed 841 children (422 controls, 419 intervention) at a mean age 8.5 years. Other than maternal education and residence, children lost to follow-up were no different. The unadjusted differences (intervention minus control), were 0.05 z-scores (95% CI -0.09, 0.19) for weight-for-age, 0.02 z-scores (95% CI -0.10, 0.15) for height, -0.08 z scores (95% CI - 0.19, 0.04) for forced expiratory volume in the first second, and -0.05 (95% CI -0.17, 0.06) for forced vital capacity. There was no difference in blood pressure, body circumferences, lean mass, skinfold thicknesses or kidney measurements. The adjusted differences were similar for all outcomes. When considered together, just over half the children had low weight-for-age, and approximately one-third had stunting and low body mass index. Only 1.4% of the children were overweight and mean fat mass proportion was 14.5%. When lung function was expressed in relation to predicted values for Caucasian children, FEV1 was 14% lower and FVC 12% lower. Our measures of socioeconomic status produced a multidimensional poverty index score of 0.155 and approximately one in ten households were considered food insecure in the previous year. The air pollution data showed a mean 24 hour time-weighted average of 168 μg/m3. We found an overall low prevalence of asthma, with air pollution associated with cough at night in boys only (odds ratio 1.15 per 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollution; 95% CI 1.05, 1.26). Socioeconomic status was associated with the growth of children when families owned more expensive assets and appeared to have the greatest effect on skeletal growth in early life. Differences in phenotype, body composition and lung function between children born to mothers who received antenatal MMN supplements and children whose mothers received iron and folate were not apparent at 8.5 years. While generally poor, households were comparable to those in more affluent regions of the country and were relatively food secure. The air pollution data showed that the children were exposed to levels much higher than national and international recommendations.
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Perez, Monsanto Stephany del Carmen. "The micronutrient profile of the typical American diet enhances colorectal carcinogenesis." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1947.
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The typical Western dietary pattern is characterized by the consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and has been linked to increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our research group previously developed the total Western diet (TWD) that emulates typical human dietary intakes of macro- (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) on an energy density basis for rodents. In the present study, we sought to determine the impact of TWD on biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and obesity in comparison to a commercial 45% fat diet used for models of diet-induced obesity (DIO diet) and the standard basal AIN93G diet, which is optimized for rodent health. Also, we included 2 additional test diets to evaluate the contribution of the micronutrient (vitamin- and mineral-modified diet, [VMM]) or macronutrient (macro-modified diet [MM]) contents of the TWD in development of cancer, obesity, and glucose intolerance. A chemical carcinogenesis model of inflammation-associated colon cancer was employed to evaluate impact of diets on colon cancer in mice. As expected, mice consuming the DIO diet acquired an obesity/metabolic syndrome phenotype typified by increased food energy intake, greater rate of body weight gain, increased proportion of body composition as fat mass, higher fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and higher circulating levels of leptin. However, consumption of TWD did not alter any of these classic biomarkers of metabolic health, as these mice adjusted food intake so that energy consumption was similar to that for mice fed AIN93G. A different pattern was observed for colon carcinogenesis. Consumption of the TWD or VMM diet markedly increased colon tumor multiplicity and size compared to the AIN93G control, whereas consumption of the DIO or MM diets did not enhance colon tumorigenesis. Collectively, these observations point to a critical role of dietary micronutrients in colon carcinogenesis, and that this promoting effect is likely unrelated to the metabolic syndrome phenotype induced by a high fat diet. Moreover, our observations emphasize the need to take into account the micronutrient content of rodent basal diets when modeling typical U.S. nutrition in pre-clinical animal experiments in order to improve the translation of these studies to human nutrition and dietary intervention programs.
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Trautmann, Ricardo Robson. "Disponibilidade de boro para a cultura da soja em resposta a doses e fontes do nutriente e potenciais de água do solo." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2009. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1382.
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-28Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Soybeans are an annual crop demanding boron (B). However, the boron fertilizer management should be done cautiously, especially with regard to doses to be applied because of the narrow range between adequate and toxic for this nutrient in the soil. Another important aspect directly related to the availability of B to plants refers to soil moisture conditions, since B is preferentially transported into the soil to the surface of the roots by mass flow. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sources and application rates of boron in the growth of soybean (Glycine max) in an Oxisol of medium texture, under different water tensions. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Horticulture Station Protected Cultivation and the State University of West of Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, using pots with 5 dm3 of soil. We used a randomized split-plot in a factorial 5 x 2 x 3, with five doses of B (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg dm-3); two sources (boric acid and colemanite) and three strains of soil water (-0.01, -0.03 and -0.10 MPa), with four replications. The results indicated that the development of soybean, in general, is not influenced when keeping the voltage level of water in the ground to -0.1 MPa (soil moisture of 65% of field capacity). The shoot growth of soybean was not influenced by boron fertilization, regardless of whether the withholding is more or less soluble. In turn, the root growth was negatively affected by the application of up to 2 mg dm-3 of B in soil with initial 0.4 mg dm-3. Under water tension of -0.1 MPa soil fertilization with B rates from 0.25 to 2.0 mg dm-3 as colemanite resulted in less loss of water by the soybean leaves. The amount of B in soil and soybean leaves increases linearly with increasing doses of the nutrient into the soil, was observed at the maximum dose, 2 mg dm-3 of B, typical symptoms of B toxicity in soybean leaves
A soja é uma das culturas anuais mais exigentes em boro (B). Entretanto, o manejo da adubação boratada deve ser realizado com muita cautela, principalmente no que diz respeito às doses a serem aplicadas, devido à estreita faixa entre o nível adequado e o tóxico para este nutriente no solo. Outro aspecto importante relacionado diretamente com a disponibilidade de B para as plantas refere-se às condições hídricas do solo, já que o B é preferencialmente transportado no solo até a superfície das raízes pelo fluxo de massa. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de fontes e doses de B no crescimento da soja (Glycine max) em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico de textura média, submetido a diferentes tensões de água. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Estação de Horticultura e Cultivo Protegido da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, em Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, em vasos com 5 dm3 de solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 3, sendo cinco doses de B (0,0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg dm-3); duas fontes (ácido bórico e colemanita) e três tensões de água no solo (-0,01, -0,03 e -0,10 MPa), com quatro repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o desenvolvimento da cultura de soja, de maneira geral, não é influenciado quando se mantêm o nível de tensão de água no solo até -0,1 MPa (umidade do solo de 65% da capacidade de campo). O crescimento da parte aérea da soja não foi influenciado pela adubação boratada, independentemente se a fonte aplicada é mais ou menos solúvel. Por sua vez, o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular foi negativamente afetado com a aplicação de de até 2 mg dm-3 de B, em solo com teor inicial de 0,4 mg dm-3. Sob tensão de água no solo de -0,1 MPa a adubação com doses de B de 0,25 a 2,0 mg dm-3 como colemanita implicou em menor perda de água pelas folhas de soja. Os teores de B no solo e no tecido foliar da soja aumentam linearmente com o aumento das doses do nutriente aplicado no solo, sendo observado na dose máxima, 2 mg dm-3 de B, sintomas típicos de toxidez de B nas folhas de soja
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Souza, Maiko Emiliano. "Manganês suplementar na cultura do arroz irrigado." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/876.
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O arroz cultivado é um dos cereais mais importantes para a
alimentação humana. O manganês é um micronutriente que está
envolvido em vários processos metabólicos da planta. A deficiência
desse nutriente tem sido agravada por diversos fatores, dentre os
quais se destacam: o uso excessivo de calcário, decorrente de
recomendações inadequadas e a não observação do período de efeito
residual da calagem dentre outros fatores. Objetivou-se com este
trabalho avaliar fontes e doses de manganês na cultura do arroz
irrigado. O trabalho foi conduzido no município de Formoso do
Araguaia - TO, no ano agrícola de 2016/2017. O experimento foi
alocado em faixas de 3 m de largura (17 linhas no espaçamento de
0,17 m, por 25 m de comprimento), sendo os tratamentos dispostos
em esquema fatorial 5 x 5 + 1, cinco fontes diferentes de Mn e cinco
doses. A suplementação com Mn foi fornecida via foliar nas doses de
(0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 kg ha-1), aplicadas todos na indução do
perfilhamento das plantas de arroz. Foram analisadas as seguintes
características: número de panículas por m2, massa de 100 sementes
(g), teor foliar de Mn (mg kg-1), porcentagem de grãos inteiros e
produtividade de grãos (kg/ha). Os tratamentos em que houve
aplicação da fonte de manganês, composto por Carbonato de Mn,
obtiveram as melhores respostas para a maioria das características
avaliadas. Todas as doses empregadas em cada uma das fontes de
manganês influenciaram o teor foliar das plantas de arroz. Com
relação aos teores adequados de Mn, todas as fontes apresentaram
teores acima da faixa considerada adequada, mas não houve sinais de
fitotoxidez. A fonte de Carbonato de Mn (B) na dose de 1,5 kg ha-1
proporcionou a maior produtividade com 7.375 kg ha-1. Maiores médias foram obtidas com a aplicação de 1,0 a 1,5 kg ha-1 de
manganês, com exceção para a porcentagem de grãos inteiros onde
as melhores médias foram obtidas na dose de 2,5 kg ha-1.The cultivated rice is one of the most important cereals for human consumption. Manganese is a micronutrient that is involved in various plant metabolic processes. The deficiency of this nutrient has been aggravated by several factors, such as the excessive use of limestone due to inadequate recommendations and failure to observe the residual liming period, among other factors. The objective of this work was to evaluate sources and doses of manganese in irrigated rice. The work was carried out in the municipality of Formoso do Araguaia - TO, in the agricultural year of 2016/2017. The experiment was allocated in 3 m wide strips (17 lines at a spacing of 0,17 m, length 25 m), the treatments were arranged in a 5 x 5 + 1 factorial scheme, five different sources of Mn and five doses. Mn supplementation was given via leaf at the doses of (0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 and 2,5 kg ha-1), all applied in induction of tillering of rice plants. The following characteristics were analyzed: number of panicles per m2, mass of 100 seeds (g), foliar Mn (mg kg-1), percentage of whole grains and grain yield (kg/ha). The treatments in which the manganese source was applied, composed of Carbonate Mn, obtained the best responses for most of the evaluated characteristics. All the doses used in each one of the manganese sources influenced the leaf content of the rice plants. Regarding the adequate Mn contents, all sources had levels above the range considered adequate, but there were no signs of phytotoxicity. The source of Mn (B) carbonate at the dose of 1.5 kg ha-1 provided the highest productivity with 7.375 kg ha-1. Larger averages were obtained with the application of 1,0 to 1,5 kg ha-1 of manganese, except for the percentage of whole grains where the best means were obtained at the dose of 2,5 kg ha-1.
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Bezerra, Amanda Kelly Dias. "Efeito do ácido indolbutírico, boro e armazenamento no enraizamento de estacas de azaleia cultivadas em vaso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153593.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A azaleia (Rhododendron simsii) é uma das principais plantas ornamentais cultivadas em vaso no Brasil; embora a propagação comercial seja realizada por estaquia, os produtores relatam que alguns cultivares, como a ´Otto´, apresentam dificuldades no enraizamento. Devido a isto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: (i) avaliar o efeito do ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e do boro aplicados em estacas e (ii) determinar o período máximo de armazenamento de estacas a frio, mantendo alta porcentagem e qualidade do sistema radicular durante o processo de enraizamento de estacas dos cultivares de azaleia Otto e Terra Nova. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos no município de Holambra, SP, na propriedade comercial “Sleutjes Azaleias”, e as avaliações foram realizadas no Laboratório de Sementes de Plantas Hortícolas do Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal. Em todos os estudos, foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. No primeiro experimento, realizou-se o tratamento das estacas com AIB e boro; os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (doses de AIB: 0, 1000, 2000 e 3000 mg L-1 e boro: 0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 mg L-1); foram quatro repetições e 10 estacas por parcela. No segundo experimento, o armazenamento se deu com a coleta das estacas herbáceas de plantas cultivadas em vasos da área de produção apresentando 10 cm de comprimento; em seguida, foram acondicionadas em embalagens de polipropileno e armazenadas em câmara fria (10±1 °C) por diferentes períodos (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias) com quatro repetições e 10 estacas por parcela. Os experimentos foram avaliados após 42 dias do estaqueamento, anotando-se: porcentagem de enraizamento, número de raízes; comprimento médio e total, quantidade de matéria seca, volume, área superficial e diâmetro médio das raízes e, no segundo experimento, foram acrescidos às análises já citadas a avaliação dos teores de boro na folha e no substrato. Concluiu-se que a porcentagem de enraizamento das estacas não foi influenciada pelo AIB e nem pelo boro, porém, as estacas tratadas com 2000 mg L-1 de AIB, apresentaram melhor qualidade do sistema radicular; o armazenamento das estacas teve influencia negativa no enraizamento de estacas de ‘Otto’ e positiva em estacas de ‘Terra Nova’.
Azalea (Rhododendron simsii) is one of the main ornamental plants cultivated in pots in Brazil; although the commercial propagation is carried out by cuttings, the producers report that some cultivars, like 'Otto', present difficulties in rooting. Due to this, the objectives of this research were: (i) to evaluate the effect of indolbutyric acid (IBA) and boron applied on cuttings and (ii) to determine the maximum period of cold storage of cuttings, maintaining high percentage and quality of the root system during the rooting process of cuttings of the azalea cultivars Otto and Terra Nova. The studies were developed in Holambra city, SP, in the commercial property "Sleutjes Azaleias" and the evaluations were carried out in the Laboratory of Seeds of Vegetable Plants of the Plant Production Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal. In all the studies the experimental design was completely randomized. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (doses of IBA: 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L-1 and boron: 0; 2,5 5,0 and 7,5 mg L-1); were four replicates and 10 cuttings per plot. In the second experiment, storage was carried out by collecting the herbaceous cuttings of plants grown in pots at the production area, 10 cm long, then packed in polypropylene containers and stored in a cold room (10 ± 1 °C) for different periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days) with four replications and 10 cuttings per plot. The experiments were evaluated after 42 days of cutting, recording: rooting percentage, number of roots; the mean and total length, dry mass, volume, surface area and mean root diameter, and in the second experiment, the evaluation of boron levels in the leaf and in the substrate was added to the already mentioned analyzes. It was concluded that the percentage of rooting of the cuttings was not influenced by the IBA and boron, but the cuttings treated with 2000 mg L-1 of AIB showed better root system quality; the storage of cuttings had a negative influence on the rooting of 'Otto' cuttings and positive on 'Terra Nova' cuttings.
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Taljaard, Christine. "Effect of a micronutrient-fortified beverage on cognition and nutritional status of primary school children / C. Taljaard." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9217.
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Childhood micronutrient deficiencies have negative effects on cognition. Little is known about the effects of combined consumption of micronutrients and sugar on growth and cognitive function.
The aim of this thesis was to 1) investigate the effects of micronutrients and sugar, alone and in combination, in a beverage, on growth and cognition in South African children and 2) review recent evidence on iron status and anaemia prevalence in South African children since the National Food Consumption Survey-Fortification Baseline-2005 (NFCS-FB-2005).
Children (n = 408, 6−11 years) were randomly allocated to a beverage containing 1) micronutrients with sugar, 2) micronutrients with non-nutritive sweetener, 3) no micronutrients with sugar, or 4) no micronutrients with non-nutritive sweetener for 8.5 months. Cognition was assessed using sub-tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II. Growth was assessed as weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age and body-mass-index-for-age z-scores.
Relevant internet search engines identified studies reporting iron status of South African children after 2005. Secondary analysis was conducted on NFCS-FB-2005 provincial data for children 7−9 years old.
Positive intervention effects were observed for micronutrients (0.76; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.42) and sugar (0.71; 95% CI: 0.05, 1.37) on Atlantis (measure learning ability), and sugar on Rover (measure simultaneous processing) (0.72; 96% CI: 0.08, 1.35) test scores. Attenuating micronutrient x sugar interactions were observed on Atlantis, Number Recall (measure sequential processing) and Rover test performance. Micronutrients or sugar alone lowered WAZ. In combination, this effect was attenuated (significant micronutrient x sugar interaction).
Four studies from four different provinces were identified. All reported lower anaemia prevalence than the NFCS-FB-2005 (KwaZulu-Natal (11.5% vs 14.4%), North West (6.9% vs 27%) Western Cape (17.2% vs 18.8%) and Northern Cape (5.4% vs 22.2%).
A beverage fortified with micronutrients or added sugar had beneficial effects on cognition, but a lowering effect on WAZ in the children. Unexpectedly, the combination of micronutrients and sugar attenuated these effects. In the identified studies, anaemia prevalence in school-aged children was lower than reported in the NFCS-FB-2005.Thesis (PhD (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Sandabe, Mohammed K. "The effect of liming on the quantity-intensity relationships of zinc fractions in soils." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327868.
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Literature was reviewed on zinc fractionation and factors affecting the availability of zinc to plants. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of liming on zinc fractions in soils. Liming decreased exchangeable zinc. However, no definite trend was observed in the other zinc fractions with increasing soil pH. An understanding of the distribution of zinc among various fractions in soils is important to understanding its soil chemistry. An experiment was further conducted to study the effect of liming and types of anion on the quantity-intensity relationships of zinc in soils. It was found that for all the soils, at the same level of added zinc, adsorption increased with increasing lime rates. Zinc adsorption isotherms with NO3- and C1- as counter ions have smoother curves than with SO42- and H2PO4-. The adsorption was highest with NO3- and lowest with H2PO4- as the background anion. Quantity and intensity factors influence the availability of nutrients in soils to plants. These factors describe what is referred to as the `labile pool'. Understanding of zinc labile pool is enhanced by radio isotope usage. Hence, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of liming on zinc labile pool as measured by the uptake of ryegrass utilizing the radioactive isotope of zinc. For both two harvests of perennial ryegrass there was a decrease in shoot zinc concentrtion and uptake with increasing lime rates. Higher zinc concentration was found in the soils with zinc-65 than without zinc-65. No definite trend was however observed in zinc labile pool with increasing lime rates. Several forms of zinc fertilizer are available for correcting zinc deficiency in soil. Variation in the ability of plants to absorb and utilize the different forms of zinc have been observed by many researchers. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of liming and types of complexing agent on the chemical composition of winter wheat grown on two soils of varying texture. The zinc forms differed significantly at the lime rate zero in relation to foliar zinc concentration. A decrease in shoot zinc concentration and uptake was observed with increasing lime rate. A similar trend was observed for one soil in relation to phosphorus concentration, except at the highest lime rate, where it remained fairly constant. There was however, an increase in shoot calcium concentration and uptake with increasing lime rate.
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Hambly, Jessica Lee. "Biochemical Imbalances and Micronutrient Intervention in Violent and Aggressive Male Children and Adolescents." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/370415.
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Violence and aggression in children and adolescents is of worldwide public health concern.1 Given the multitude of serious implications associated with violent crime such as costs to victims, taxpayer dollars and heightened safety concerns; early intervention is particularly important.2 Psychiatry is at an important juncture with few psychiatric pharmaceuticals on the horizon and unfavourable, long-term, risk-benefit profiles for many of the existing agents. The use of pharmaceuticals in violent and aggressive children and adolescents is limited due to the negative impact on growth and development, risk of adverse effects and lack of safety and efficacy data available.3 Evidence-based effective and safe therapies for the management of youth with violent and aggressive behavioural disorders are crucially needed.
In recent years there has been an increase in both the quantity and methodological quality of research exploring the relationship between micronutrients and mental health.4 Neuroscientists have identified nutrients required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, gene regulation and antioxidant protection.5,6 Changes in concentrations of different micronutrients as well as other organic and inorganic compounds may contribute to aggressive behaviour.7,8
The need for novel diagnostic techniques and interventions for children and adolescents with violent and aggressive behavioural disorders has been identified.9,10 Micronutrients that target biochemical imbalances that are identified by clinical examination and pathology may be a novel therapeutic option to improve behaviour, with minimal side effects.10,11 Due to the individualised nature of diagnosis and treatment, the use of micronutrient therapy to target biochemical imbalances has primarily anecdotal evidence. A retrospective review of prescribing patterns, diagnostic instruments and patient outcomes was conducted to evaluate available evidence and identify key trends for micronutrient therapy in violent and aggressive males. This study led to the development of a data collection instrument, and highlighted elevated urinary hydroxyhemopyrroline-2-one (HPL) and elevated plasma copper/zinc ratios as common biochemical imbalances present in violent and aggressive youth. It was also identified in the retrospective review that micronutrients such as zinc, vitamin B6, vitamin E, vitamin C and chromium were often prescribed at doses above the Australian recommended daily intake12 and paediatric guidelines,13,14 but appeared to be well tolerated.
There is no ‘gold-standard’ outcome measure for the evaluation of violent and aggressive behaviours in youth receiving pharmacological intervention.9,15 In addition, findings from the retrospective review emphasised the need to identify appropriate efficacy outcome measures used in this population. Therefore, a review to evaluate the psychometric and administrative properties, and the applicability of instruments used to measure the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in violent and aggressive youth was conducted. The review identified that the majority of instruments contained few items specific to violent and aggressive behaviours, and that these behaviours were often conflated with oppositional and defiant symptoms. It was found that all items in the Children’s Aggression Scale (CAS) and the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) could be used to measure violent and/or aggressive behaviours. The CAS was the most psychometrically sound and useful instrument that could be used to exclusively measure aggressive behaviours in youth.
A 16 week, open-label, clinical trial of 31 males aged four to 14 who displayed ongoing violent and aggressive behaviours was conducted. The participants received a standardised micronutrient intervention containing vitamin E, vitamin C, biotin, chromium, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, vitamin B6, selenium and zinc. Primary outcomes were ratings of violent and aggressive behaviours, measured using the CAS and the MOAS. Secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and family functioning. Plasma zinc, plasma copper, copper/zinc ratio and urinary HPL tests were conducted at baseline and endpoint. Micronutrient therapy significantly improved parent reported aggressive and violent behaviours measured using the CAS for all domains except the use of weapons, with medium to large effect size, and the MOAS, with large effect size. Parent reported HRQoL and family functioning also significantly improved. Micronutrient therapy appeared well tolerated, with a favourable side effect profile. The feasibility study identified important strengths in the open-label study that should be replicated in future studies and suggestions for the successful conduct of future research including randomised controlled trials, longitudinal or follow-up studies.
This is the first investigation of a standardised micronutrient intervention for violent and aggressive behaviour disorders in male children and adolescents. Significant improvements in parent reported violent and aggressive behaviours as well as HRQoL and family functioning were found which could potentially bridge a therapeutic gap and change current practices in mainstream medicine. Results from the systematic review, evaluation of outcome measures and feasibility analysis should assist, and have an impact on, future research and clinical trials.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Griffith Health
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Lindström, Emma. "Nutrition and Oxidative Parameters in Pregnancy, Size at Birth and Metabolic Status of the Offspring at 4.5 Years : The MINIMat Trial in Rural Bangladesh." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172419.
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Undernutrition and oxidative stress in fetal life and infancy may lead to adverse health outcomes in the offspring. We studied nutrition and oxidative parameters in pregnancy and their associations with birth anthropometry and metabolic status in the children. In Matlab in rural Bangladesh, women were randomized to either early (Early) invitation to food supplementation or to start at their own liking (Usual). Women were also allocated to either; 1) 60 mg iron and 400 µg folic acid (Fe60F), 2) multiple micronutrients including 30 mg iron and folic acid (MMS), or 3) 30 mg iron and folic acid (Fe30F). Micronutrients (hemoglobin, iron, zinc, folic acid, vitamin B-12) were assessed in pregnancy week 14, lipid peroxidation in week 14 and 30, and DNA oxidation in week 19. The offspring were assessed for anthropometric measurements at birth and metabolic status at 4.5 years. Micronutrient deficiencies were common with zinc and vitamin B-12 deficiency being most prevalent. Anemia was present in approximately one third of women, however, iron deficiency was uncommon seen in only 2%. Maternal Early food supplementation group resulted in an improved lipid status in the children at 4.5 years compared to Usual food group. Prenatal use of MMS lowered the children’s glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and growth factors compared to Fe60F. Lipid peroxidation in early pregnancy was associated with size at birth and insulin and HOMA-IR levels in the children. Lipid peroxidation in late pregnancy, however, was associated with the children’s lipid status. Both increasing lipid peroxidation and increasing DNA oxidation was associated with decreasing IGF-1 levels. The beneficial effects of an Early start of food supplementation show that an improved prenatal nutrition may have lasting effects in the offspring and highlights the importance of early timing food supplementation. Use of MMS, however, resulted in lower insulin levels, which, considering the already low level of insulin in these children, may be a cause of concern. MMS also resulted in growth factors indicative of slower growth and further research appears to be needed before scaling up the use of MMS. Oxidative parameters in pregnancy were associated with longer-term outcomes in the offspring, suggesting that oxidative stress may be involved in the development of later metabolic disease.
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Eneroth, Hanna. "Infant Anemia and Micronutrient Status : Studies of Early Determinants in Rural Bangladesh." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-143058.
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Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in infancy are common in low-income settings. These are partly due to maternal malnutrition and may impair child health and development. We studied the impact of maternal food and micronutrient supplementation, duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), growth and infection on infant anemia and micronutrient status. In the MINIMat trial in Matlab, Bangladesh, pregnant women were randomized to Early or Usual promotion of enrolment in a food supplementation program and to one of three daily micronutrient supplements. Capsules containing 400µg folic acid and (a) 30 mg iron (Fe30Fol), (b) 60 mg iron (Fe60Fol), (c) 30 mg iron and other micronutrients (MMS) were provided from week 14 of gestation. Capsule intake was assessed with the eDEM device recording supplement container openings. Blood samples (n=2377) from women at week 14 and 30 were analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb). Duration of EBF and infant morbidity was based on monthly maternal recalls. Infants were weighed and measured monthly. Blood samples (n=1066) from 6-months-old infants were analyzed for Hb and plasma ferritin, zinc, retinol, vitamin B12 and folate. In women, Hb increase per capsule reached a plateau at 60 Fe60Fol capsules, indicating that nine weeks of daily supplementation produced maximum Hb response. Anemia was common (36%) at capsule intakes >60 indicating other causes of anemia than iron deficiency. In infants, vitamin B12 deficiency prevalence was lower in the MMS (26.1%) than in the Fe30Fol group (36.5%), (p=0.003) and zinc deficiency prevalence was lower in the Usual than in the Early group. There were no other differential effects of food or micronutrient supplementation on infant anemia or micronutrient status. Infants exclusively breast-fed for 4-6 months had a higher mean plasma zinc concentration (9.9±2.3 µmol/L) than infants exclusively breast-fed for <4 months (9.5±2.0 µmol/L), (p< 0.01). No other differences in anemia, iron or zinc status were observed between EBF categories. Infection, low birth weight and iron deficiency were independent risk factors for infant anemia. Regardless of studied interventions, prevalence of anemia (43%), deficiency of zinc (56%), vitamin B12, vitamin A (19%) and iron (22%) in infancy was high and further preventive strategies are needed.MINIMat
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Rohovit, Laska. "Micronutrient and heavy metal concentrations observed in natural wetland macrophytes in Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0281_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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German, Matthew. "Tissue specific pathology associated with micronutrient supplementation during respiratory syncytial virus infection." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106408.
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Micronutrients are increasingly appreciated as potent immunomodulators. Long used to 'treat' measles virus (MeV), vitamin A was recently shown to act through RIG-I to up-regulate type 1 interferons. Similar actions are seen with some (mumps virus and CDV) but not all members of the Paramyxoviridae. However, children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a close relative of MeV, do worse when given pharmacological doses of vitamin A. RSV is known to elicit a pathologic Th2-biased response. Vitamin A also has a strong Th2-deviating influence. Our primary objective was to develop a small animal model of vitamin A deficiency and sufficiency in which we could assess the impact of vitamin A status and supplementation on RSV infection in vivo. Such a model will be of great use to characterize the mechanism of action of retinoids in this infection. We succeeded in the development of this model by restricting dietary retinol through 2 generations of BALB/c mice (ie: deficiency state) and introducing novel means to reliably attain a state of consistent vitamin A supplementation (ie: reconstituted & excess states). Preliminary data using this model suggested that there were marked differences in RSV pathology between deficient and sufficient mouse groups. Like the apparent situation in humans, infection in the vitamin A deficient mice was paradoxically less severe than in mice with a positive vitamin A status. This model and the data generated with it may be of particular interest in regions with diets high in vitamin A (North America in particular). Historically, very little attention has been given to possible negative effects of micronutrient 'over-nutrition'. The limited human data and the preliminary data from our new model brings into question whether or not we are 'priming' ourselves for more severe RSV infection than would otherwise occur. The data generated in this model may also be highly relevant to guide supplementation efforts in regions of the world that currently have less access to vitamin A.Les micronutriments sont des plus appréciés comme immunomodulateurs puissants. Longtemps utilisé pour traiter measles virus (MeV), la vitamine A a été récemment montré à agir par le biais de RIG-I pour réguler les interférons de type 1. Des actions similaires sont observés avec certains (canine distemper virus, CDV), mais pas tous les membres du Paramyxoviridae. Cependant, les enfants infectés par des voies respiratoire, respiratory syncycial virus (RSV), un proche cousine de MeV, faire pire lorsqu'il est administré des doses pharmacologiques de vitamine A. Le RSV est connu pour induire une résponse pathologique biaisée au Th2. La vitamine A est également une forte influence pour la Th2 déviation. Notre principal objectif était de développer un modèle animal de la carence en vitamine A et la suffisance dans lesquels nous pourrions évaluer l'impact du statut en vitamine A et de la supplémentation sur l'infection à RSV in vivo. Un tel modèle sera d'une grande utilité pour caractériser le mécanisme d'action des rétinoïdes dans cette infection. Nous avons réussi dans le développement de ce modèle en limitant le rétinol alimentaires grâce à deux générations de souris BALB / c (ie: état de carence) et en introduisant de nouveaux moyens de atteindre un état fiable de vitamine A cohérente supplémentation (ie: les Etats reconstitué & excès). Les données préliminaires utilisant ce modèle suggéré qu'il y avait des différences marquées dans la pathologie du RSV entre les groupes de souris déficientes et suffisante. Comme la situation apparente dans les humains, l'infection dans la vitamine A des souris déficientes en était paradoxalement moins sévère que dans les souris avec une vitamine positifs d'un statut. Ce modèle et les données générées avec elle peut être d'un intérêt particulier dans les régions où les régimes son riches en vitamine A (Amérique du Nord en particulier). Historiquement, très peu d'attention a été accordée aux effets négatifs possibles des micronutriments sur-nutrition. Les données humaines limitées et les données préliminaires de notre nouveau modèle remet en question si oui ou non nous sommes d'amorçage nous-mêmes pour l'infection à VRS plus sévères que se produirait autrement. Les données générées dans ce modèle peut également être très pertinentes pour guider les efforts de la supplémentation dans les régions du monde qui ont actuellement un accès moindre à la vitamine A.
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López-Carrillo, Lizbeth, Brenda Gamboa-Loira, Wendy Becerra, César Hernández-Alcaraz, Raúl Ulises Hernández-Ramírez, A. Jay Gandolfi, Francisco Franco-Marina, and Mariano E. Cebrián. "Dietary micronutrient intake and its relationship with arsenic metabolism in Mexican women." Elsevier, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621519.
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Concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolites in urine present intra- and interindividual variations, which are determined not only by the magnitude of exposure to iAs, but also by differences in genetic, environmental and dietary factors.
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Batsmanova, L. M., L. M. Gonchar, N. Yu Taran, and A. A. Okanenko. "Using a Colloidal Solution of Metal Nanoparticles as Micronutrient Fertiliser for Cereals." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35441.
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We have developed the technology of using the colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles as fertilizers, which characterized by easiness to use, environmental safety and absence of corrosive properties. Colloidal solutions of biogenic metals, water-based, such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Cu, and Ag, produced by a patented method of bittern natural colloidal solutions of the above metals were used. Seed treatment with colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles stored genetic purity grade, increased plant immune status via regulation of oxidative metabolism, photosynthetic activity, resistance to pathogens, and optimization of water regime of various winter wheat ecotypes during ontogenesis. Results of industrial tests proved that it is environ-mentally safe and economically feasible, since the cost of one liter of colloidal solutions of nanoparticles of metals ranges from 50-70 USD providing 500% level profitability. So, for the first time managed to opti-mize the function of biogenic metals through the use of physical and chemical characteristics of colloidal nanoparticle solutions to realize the productive potential of plants.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35441
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Visser, Janicke. "Micronutrient supplementation for critically ill adults : a systematic review of the evidence." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1527.
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Ecker, Olivier. "Economics of micronutrient malnutrition the demand for nutrients in sub-Saharan Africa." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99618273X/04.
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Parente, Tiago de Lisboa. "Plantas de cobertura, inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense e adubação com nitrogênio no milho e com zinco na soja na região de cerrado /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181367.
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Orientador: Edson LazariniResumo: A utilização de sistemas de cultivo conservacionistas de solo tem proporcionado inúmeros benefícios às culturas produtoras de grãos no Brasil, destacando-se o Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD), que possui cobertura do solo como um de seus três pilares essenciais. Neste sentido, a utilização de gramíneas de alta produção de fitomassa e elevada relação C/N, como o milheto e o capim ruziziensis, são excelentes alternativas para regiões de clima tropical, além disso possuem um sistema radicular eficiente na exploração do perfil do solo. Aliado ao SPD, outras tecnologias também têm se mostrado promissoras na região do Cerrado, como é o caso da inoculação de bactérias promotoras de crescimento, como o Azospirillum brasilense, sendo utilizado com o intuito de reduzir as adubações nitrogenada no milho e melhorar os níveis de produtividade da cultura da soja em associação com bactérias simbióticas fixadoras de N. Na soja, além do uso de A. brasilense, tem sido crescente também o desenvolvimento de pesquisas com adubação de micronutrientes, em especial o Zn. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada associada à inoculação com A. brasilense na cultura do milho cultivado após diferentes plantas de cobertura. E avaliar o efeito da inoculação com A. brasilense e adubação com Zn na soja cultivada após diferentes plantas de cobertura. Os experimentos foram instalados na fazenda de ensino, pesquisa e extensão pertencente à Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The use of soil conservation cropping systems has provided innumerable benefits to grain-producing crops in Brazil, notably the No-Tillage System (NTS), which has soil cover as one of its three essential pillars. In this sense, the use of grasses with high phytomass production and high C / N ratio, such as millet and ruziziensis grass, are excellent alternatives for regions of tropical climate, besides having an efficient root system on the farm of the soil profile. In addition to NTS, other technologies have also been shown to be promising in the Cerrado region, such as the inoculation of growth promoting bacteria, such as Azospirillum brasilense, with the aim of reducing nitrogen fertilization in maize and improving levels of productivity of soybean crop in association with symbiotic N - fixing bacteria. In addition to the use of A. brasilense, the development of research with micronutrient fertilization, especially Zn, has also been increasing. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization associated with inoculation with A. brasilense on maize cultivated after different cover crops. And to evaluate the effect of inoculation with A. brasilense and fertilization with Zn in soybean cultivated after different cover crops. The experiments were carried out at the teaching, research and extension farm belonging to the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Selviria country, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brasil (20°20’05’’S a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Tezotto, Tiago. "Metabolismo do nitrogênio e senescência em razão da aplicação de níquel no cafeeiro arábica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-11092015-091333/.
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O nitrogênio é o nutriente exigido em maior quantidade pelo cafeeiro e o segundo mais exportado pela planta. Usualmente se aplica ureia no cafeeiro e o N desta fonte é rapidamente metabolizado e incorporado na forma de aminoácidos e amidas. A assimilação do nitrogênio é afetada por diversos micronutrientes, entre eles o níquel (Ni), por ser este um constituinte da enzima urease, responsável pela degradação da ureia. O entendimento da interação do Ni com o metabolismo do N e o processo de senescência no cafeeiro é importante para o uso eficiente do nitrogênio pelas plantas. Pouco se sabe a respeito da nutrição com Ni no metabolismo do N, na senescência foliar e na interferência na absorção e transferência de outros nutrientes. A presente pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar se a aplicação de Ni (i) interferiria na absorção e transferência de outros nutrientes, bem como na partição de biomassa do cafeeiro e; (ii) aumentaria a eficiência de uso do N, tanto pela maior degradação da ureia, via atividade da urease, quanto pelo aumento da redistribuição de reservas de nitrogênio, por meio do incremento do catabolismo da arginina; e (iii) se o fornecimento de Ni atrasaria a senescência foliar, pela diminuição da produção de etileno endógeno na planta, o que aumentaria a duração foliar. A aplicação de Ni reduziu a biomassa do cafeeiro somente no maior teor do elemento disponível no solo (105 mg DM-3), e essa redução na biomassa afetou a concentração e acúmulo, principalmente, dos macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca e Mg). Com relação aos micronutrientes metálicos (Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn), o incremento gradual no teor de Ni disponível, reduziu ou elevou gradualmente a concentração desses micronutrientes no cafeeiro. Os coeficientes de eficiência de uso de N pelo cafeeiro foram afetados somente em razão do nível de N, sem alteração em função do Ni disponível no solo. A aplicação de Ni no solo até teores de 60 mg dm-3 não afetou o crescimento da planta de cafeeiro, mas aumentou a retenção foliar no nível deficiente de N. O Ni reduziu a biossíntese de etileno na planta, apesar das concentrações de MDA e prolina aumentarem com o teor disponível de Ni no solo na pré-antese. Com relação ao N, houve incremento na redistribuição de N dos órgãos de reserva (ramo) para atender a demanda de folha e fruto.Nitrogen is the nutrient required in greatest quantity by the coffee and the second most exported within the plant. Usually, N is applied as urea to coffee and urea-N is rapidly metabolized and incorporated into amino acids and amides. The assimilation of N is affected by several micronutrients, including nickel (Ni). Ni is a constituent of urease, the sole enzyme responsible for degradation (and subsequent assimilation) of urea. Understanding Ni interaction with N metabolism and the aging process is important for the efficient use of nitrogen by coffee, and by plants in general. Little is known about Ni nutrition as it relates to N metabolism in leaf senescence and its possible interference in the absorption and transfer of other nutrients. The present study was conducted in coffee to assess whether the application of Ni (i) interferes with the absorption and transfer of other nutrients as well as biomass partitioning; (Ii) increases the nitrogen use efficiency, both for greater degradation of urea via urease activity, and increased redistribution of nitrogen reserves by increased catabolism of arginine; and (iii) delays leaf senescence by decreasing endogenous ethylene production, thereby increasing leaf duration. Ni application reduced biomass of coffee only at the highest level of soil availability (105 mg dm-3). This level also brought about the reduction in biomass concentration and accumulation of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca and mg). With respect to mineral micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), gradual increases in available Ni content, either reduced or gradually increased the concentration of these micronutrients. N-use efficiency ratios in coffee were affected only by variations in management of N, and not by changes in available soil Ni . Soil Ni applications to 60 mg dm-3 did not affect the growth of the coffee plant, but increased foliar retention under N limitation. Ni reduced plant ethylene biosynthesis, in spite of the concentrations of MDA and proline increasing rising with increasing soil Ni during pre-anthesis. As Ni levels rose, there was an increase in the redistribution of N of storage organs (branch) to meet the demand of leaf and fruit.
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Stefanello, Fábio Fernando. "APLICAÇÃO DE GLIFOSATO E MANGANÊS NA NUTRIÇÃO E PRODUTIVIDADE DA SOJA TRANSGÊNICA." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA GRANDE DOURADOS, 2009. http://tede.ufgd.edu.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/118.
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Previous issue date: 2009-07-19The transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean (soybean GR) has been widely cultivated in the world. Although of the benefits of this technology on weed control, currently observed at some regions that, after the application glyphosate, the soybean GR were with leaf chlorosis and could be caused by glyphosate-induced deficiency of Manganese. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the post-emergence application of glyphosate and Mn on soybean GR at different phenological growth stages and your effect in nutrients uptake and soybean GR yield. The experiment was carried out at two farms (Lages de Pedra and São Manoel), both at city of Rio Brilhante-MS. The study was in a completely randomized block design with four (São Manoel) and six (Lages de Pedra) replicates. The treatments were analyzed as factorial 3x8 with three times of application (without glyphosate; glyphosate application (720 g e.a.) in phenological growth stages V2 + V4 (480 g e.a.) and application only V4 (1.200 g e.a.)) and eight foliar Mn application of Mn in different phenological growth stages (without Mn; Mn on V4; Mn on V4 + V8; Mn on V4 + R2; Mn on V4 + V8 + R2; Mn on V8; Mn on V8 + R2 e Mn on R2), completing 24 treatments. It was not observed at no moment of the development of the culture visual symptoms of plant toxicity effects caused by glyphosate application. As well, it was not observed effects of glyphosate application on soybean GR in uptake of Mn and nutrients as N, P, K, Fe, Zn e Cu, as well, in mass of 100 grains and yield culture. The foliar Mn application did not influence the mass of 100 grains and yield culture, however increased leaf Mn content when the application was carried at phenological growth stages V8 and R2 or inside these possible combinations. The leaf Fe content decreased with the foliar Mn application
A soja transgênica resistente ao glifosato tem sido amplamente cultivada no mundo. Apesar dos benefícios dessa tecnologia no controle de plantas daninhas, recentemente tem-sê observado em alguns locais que, após a aplicação de glifosato as plantas de soja RR encontravam-se amarelecidas, e isso poderia ser causado por uma deficiência induzida de Mn. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de glifosato em pós-emergencia em diferentes estádios fenológicos da soja RR e, seus efeitos nos teores foliares de nutrientes e produtividade de grãos, em condições de campo. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Faz. Lages de Pedra e Faz. São Manoel, ambas no município de Rio Brilhante MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro e seis repetições nos diferentes locais. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em arranjo fatorial 3 x 8, e consistiram da combinação de três tratamentos com aplicação de glifosato (sem glifosato; 720 g i.a. de glifosato no estádio fenológico da soja V2 + 480 g i.a. em V4 e 1.200 g i.a. de glifosato no estádio V4 da soja RR) e oito tratamentos com aplicação de Mn (sem aplicação de Mn; Mn no estádio fenológico da soja V4; Mn em V4 + V8; Mn em V4 + R2; Mn em V4 + V8 + R2; Mn em V8; Mn em V8 + R2 e Mn no estádio R2 da soja) (em cada aplicação de Mn foi utilizado 332 g de Mn ha-1), totalizando 24 tratamentos. Não foi observado em nenhum momento do desenvolvimento da cultura sintomas visuais de fitotoxidade na soja RR oriundos da aplicação de glifosato. Neste estudo não foi observado efeito do glifosato sobre os teores foliares de Mn na soja RR, assim como dos nutrientes N, P, K, Fe, Zn e Cu, bem como na massa de 100 grãos e na produtividade de grãos da soja. A aplicação foliar com Mn não influenciou a massa de 100 grãos e a produtividade, entretanto aumentou os teores foliares de Mn quando a aplicação foi realizada de forma isolada ou nas possíveis combinações nos estádios fenológicos V8 e R2 da soja transgênica. O teor foliar de Fe diminuiu com a aplicação foliar de Mn na Faz. Lages de Pedra
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Moizé, Arcone Violeta. "Effect of bariatric surgery on the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and protein status." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457871.
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BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective long-term therapy for the treatment of severe obesity. Benefits of BS include a reduction of overall and cardiovascular mortality, incidence of first occurrence of fatal- or nonfatal-cardiovascular events, prevention and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and improved quality of life. Nonetheless, BS is associated with potential complications amongst which micronutrient deficiencies are relevant. AIM: Against this background, the overall aim of this PhD project was to better understand the increased risk for nutritional deficiencies and protein status in subjects undergoing BS. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the nutritional status of obese individuals prior to BS, and following the drastic reduction of daily energy intake, anatomical changes, and massive weight loss associated with the two currently most commonly performed surgical techniques [gastric bypass (GBP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG)]. Additionally, to gain insight specifically on how to address the high prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency, we performed two open-label, prospective studies aiming at evaluating the efficacy and safety of achieving 25-hydroxy VD (25(OH)D) levels ≥75 nmol/L with two different supplementation algorithms. Similarly, we gained insight on the reported high prevalence of iron deficiency by characterizing iron status with the evaluation of indices of systemic inflammation. Finally, we performed two observational prospective studies to evaluate the effects of dietary protein intake (PI) on fat free mass (FFM, as assessed from bioelectrical impedance or DEXA) and protein status changes after BS-induced weight loss. As further step in this research path, a randomized control trial proposal has been designed to determine the effect of two levels of PI (standard versus high) after BS on the nitrogen balance, body composition, energy expenditure, perceived satiety, and plasma levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and insulin sensitivity, as well as the feasibility of protein supplementation up to one year after BS. This translational research protocol integrates mechanistic, metabolic, and energy homeostasis outcomes. Preliminary results of a pilot study of that trial are presented as part of this thesis project to demonstrate feasibility of the protocol. RESULTS: Nutritional deficiencies are commonly found in a Mediterranean severely obese population undergoing BS, with those deficiencies being more prevalent than in normal weight individuals. Of note, SG- and GBP-patients experience similar long-term changes in dietary intake. Indeed, when micronutrient intake from supplements was not taken into account, mean daily dietary intake of all evaluated micronutrients was below current dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Interestingly, SG and GBP carry comparable post-surgical nutritional risk. Low VD and elevated PTH levels were the most prevalent nutritional abnormalities after BS. In clinical practice, a single fixed high dose (2,000 IU) of VD supplementation is as effective and safe as an individualized daily dose of cholecalciferol to achieve 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L after BS. When considering hs-CRP as inflammatory marker, impaired iron status could be identified in two thirds of BS candidates. Protein supplements are helpful in achieving the PI goal after BS, with PI thresholds of >60 g/d or 1.1 g/kg Ideal Body Weight/day being associated with better FFM retention. The results of our pilot study support feasibility for a larger Randomized Control Trial with to address the association between PI and NB, BCAA, body compositions changes, REE, glucose homeostasis, and satiety after BS. CONCLUSION: Our data underscores the need for the evaluation of nutritional parameters prior to- and following-BS. We deem results of this PhD project significantly contribute to improve knowledge in the area of nutrition and body composition after BS.INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía bariátrica (CB) es el método más eficaz para el tratamiento de la obesidad grave a largo plazo. Sin embargo, la CB se asocia a déficits de micronutrientes. OBJETIVO: aumentar el conocimiento del riesgo de deficiencias nutricionales y del estado proteico en sujetos candidatos a CB. MÉTODOS: Se evaluó prospectivamente el estado nutricional de los pacientes antes y después de la CB (bypass gástrico (BPG) y gastrectomía tubular (GT)]. Se evaluó, mediante dos estudios prospectivos la eficacia y la seguridad de normalizar los niveles de 25-hydroxy VD (25 (OH) D) mediante dos algoritmos de suplementación distintos. Obtuvimos información sobre la alta prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro al caracterizar el estado de hierro con la evaluación de índices de inflamación sistémica. Finalmente, se realizaron dos estudios observacionales prospectivos para evaluar los efectos de la ingesta proteica (IP) sobre la masa libre de grasa (MLG) y los cambios en el estatus proteico después de la pérdida de peso inducida por BS. Finalmente, se diseñó un estudio aleatorizado y controlado para determinar el efecto de dos niveles de IP (estándar versus alto) después de CB sobre el balance de nitrógeno, la composición corporal, el gasto energético, saciedad y los niveles plasmáticos de aminoácidos de cadena ramificada, así como el efecto de la suplementación proteica a largo plazo. RESULTADOS: Los déficits nutricionales son frecuentes en nuestra población candidata a CB. La GT y BPG conllevan un riesgo nutricional comparable. Una dosis fija (2.000 UI) de suplementos de VD es tan eficaz y segura como una dosis diaria individualizada para normalizar niveles. Al considerar hs-CRP como marcador inflamatorio, el déficit de hierro podría ser identificado en dos tercios de los candidatos a CB. Los suplementos proteicos son útiles para alcanzar el objetivo proteico tras CB. IP de> 60 g / día o 1,1 g / kg de peso ideal / día se asocia con una mejor retención de MLG. Los resultados del estudio piloto apoyan la viabilidad del protocolo propuesto. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros datos subrayan la necesidad de la evaluación de parámetros nutricionales antes y después de la CB. Consideramos que los resultados de este proyecto contribuyen significativamente a mejorar el conocimiento en el área de nutrición y composición corporal después de la CB.