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Journal articles on the topic 'Microorganisms – Counting'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

KANEKO, Seiichi. "Counting Method of Microorganisms." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI 38, no. 6 (1991): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.38.570.

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2

Garcia Arnal Barbedo, Jayme. "An Algorithm for Counting Microorganisms in Digital Images." IEEE Latin America Transactions 11, no. 6 (December 2013): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2013.6710383.

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3

Martineli, Thaís Mioto, Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior, Natacha Deboni Cereser, Marita Vedovelli Cardozo, Cristianne Lino Fontoura, and Silvia Helena Venturoli Perri. "Microbiological counting in lamb carcasses from an abattoir in São Paulo, Brazil." Ciência Rural 39, no. 6 (September 2009): 1836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782009000600030.

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The consumption of lamb meat in Brazil has increased in the last years but little information about the microbiological quality of this product is available. To evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of lamb carcasses, the quantification of microorganism populations indicators (mesophiles and psychrotrophs; total and thermotolerant coliforms; Escherichia coli; moulds and yeasts) and the pathogenic microorganisms indentification (Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp.) were performed. A total of 60 lamb carcasses were sampled from one abattoir in São Paulo. Swab samples were collected from three points (forequarter, back and hindquarter) on the muscle surface after carcasses final washing. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive evaluation of the results whose counts were grouped by intervals of microorganism populations. Counts ranged from 1.0 x 10¹ to 8.0 x 10(4) colony-forming unit cm-2 (CFU cm-2) for mesophiles; 1.0 x 10(0) to 4.4 x 10(4)CFU cm-2 for psychrotrophs; < 1.0 x 10(0) to 4.4 x 10(4)CFU cm-2 for moulds and yeasts; < 0.3 to > 32.0 most probable number/cm² (MPN cm-2) for total and thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli. Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp. were not found in any of the carcasses. Most carcasses presented low counts for all microorganisms. Overall results may be explained by the small size of the industry where the study was taken. Results suggest that good microbiological quality lamb meat is possible to be obtained, but improvement in hygienic-sanitary conditions is still required.
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4

Boisen, Flemming, Niels Skovgaard, Steen Ewald, Gunnar Olsson, and Gun Wirtanen. "Quantitation of Microorganisms in Raw Minced Meat Using the Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique: NMKL Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 75, no. 3 (May 1, 1992): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/75.3.465.

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Abstract Fourteen Nordic laboratories participated In an Interlaboratory study of microorganisms In raw minced meat. After 2 preliminary collaborative evaluations of 20 and 6 prepared direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) slides, the equipment and the counting technique were adjusted and standardized. In the following third and final trial, the laboratories examined 10 samples in duplicate. A special model was developed for homogenlzatlon, preservation, and transport of raw minced meat within 24 h. Test microorganisms were those present naturally In the meat. The participating laboratories received Identical samples in duplicate at 10 counting levels. The results Indicated a coefficient of variation of 15% by Interlaboratory counting of 26 prepared DEFT slides. By examining samples of raw minced meat for microorganisms showing any degree of orange fluorescence, the repeatability and the reproducibility were 0.41 and 0.78, respectively. The repeatability standard deviation (sr) was0.14, and the reproducibility standard deviation (SR) was 0.27. The study demonstrated that DEFT Is a dependable method for quantitation of microorganisms in raw minced meat. Precision of DEFT was in agreement with Nordic Committee on Food Analysis standard deviation values used In the Nordic countries for plate-count quality control.
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5

Li, Mengqiu, Praveen C. Ashok, Kishan Dholakia, and Wei E. Huang. "Raman-Activated Cell Counting for Profiling Carbon Dioxide Fixing Microorganisms." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 116, no. 25 (March 5, 2012): 6560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp212619n.

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6

Condón, Santiago, Rosa Oria, and Francisco J. Sala Trepat. "Heat resistance of microorganisms: an improved method for survival counting." Journal of Microbiological Methods 7, no. 1 (November 1987): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(87)90006-6.

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7

P, Kalavathi, and Naganandhini S. "A Hybrid Method for Automatic Counting of Microorganisms in Microscopic Images." Advanced Computing: An International Journal 7, no. 1/2 (March 31, 2016): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/acij.2016.7206.

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8

Parat, S. "Contribution of particle counting in assessment of exposure to airborne microorganisms." Atmospheric Environment 33, no. 6 (March 1999): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00218-0.

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9

Hu, H., M. Xie, Y. Yu, and Q. Zhang. "Transgenic Bt cotton tissues have no apparent impact on soil microorganisms  ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 8 (July 31, 2013): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/213/2013-pse.

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The impact of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton residues on soil microorganism communities was investigated. Leaves of three different varieties of transgenic Bt cotton and their near-isogenic lines were placed in soil and the numbers of indigenous soil microorganisms were measured with cultivation-dependent approaches under laboratory conditions. The soil samples were collected after 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 84 days of incubation. Numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were measured by counting colony forming units after incubation on appropriate medium. Overall, although there were differences in bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi population between soil amended with Bt and non-Bt cotton throughout the whole incubation in three experiments, these differences were transient and not persistent from one sampling stage to the next. These results suggest that Bt-transgenic cotton tissues have no apparent impact on soil microorganism population.
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10

Ozer, Z., C. Ozturk, A. A. Altunkan, I. Cinel, and U. Oral. "Inhibition of Bacterial Growth by Lignocaine in Propofol Emulsion." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 30, no. 2 (April 2002): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0203000209.

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Contamination of propofol, in an emulsion formulation, has been associated with infective complications. Local anaesthetics, some of which are known to have antibacterial properties, are frequently added to the solution to reduce pain on injection. We examined the growth rates of E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa in propofol with and without lignocaine 0.1%–2% after incubation for 2, 5 and 24 hours at 37°C. Growth of microorganisms in each solution was compared by counting the number of colony forming units (CFU). Propofol supported the growth of all microorganisms. An increase in the number of CFUs was observed in all drug combinations 2, 5 and 24 hours after inoculation except for S.aureus (P<0.05). No difference was found in CFU numbers between 2 and 5 hours for this microorganism. With E.coli, a significant decline in colony counts was observed in mixtures of 1% and 2% lignocaine (P<0.05). With the other microorganisms only 2% lignocaine showed a significant reduction in the number of CFUs (P<0.05). We conclude that lignocaine in recommended clinical doses (0.05%–0.1%) did not exhibit adequate antibacterial activity to prevent infective complications.
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11

Monballiu, Annick, Nele Cardon, Minh Tri Nguyen, Christel Cornelly, Boudewijn Meesschaert, and Yi Wai Chiang. "Tolerance of Chemoorganotrophic Bioleaching Microorganisms to Heavy Metal and Alkaline Stresses." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/861874.

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The bioleaching potential of the bacteriumBacillus mucilaginosusand the fungusAspergillus nigertowards industrial residues was investigated by assessing their response towards various heavy metals (including arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, lead, and zinc) and elevated pH. The plate diffusion method was performed for each metal to determine the toxicity effect. Liquid batch cultures were set up for more quantitative evaluation as well as for studying the influence of basicity. Growth curves were prepared using bacterial/fungal growth counting techniques such as plate counting, optical density measurement, and dry biomass determination. Cadmium, nickel, and arsenite had a negative influence on the growth ofB. mucilaginosus, whereasA. nigerwas sensitive to cadmium and arsenate. However, it was shown that growth recovered when microorganisms cultured in the presence of these metals were inoculated onto metal-free medium. Based on the findings of the bacteriostatic/fungistatic effect of the metals and the adaptability of the microorganisms to fairly elevated pH values, it is concluded that both strains have potential applicability for further research concerning bioleaching of alkaline waste materials.
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12

Tibulca, Dorin, Claudiu Dan Salagean, and Mirela Jimborean. "The Establish of the Coliforms/cm2 on the Area of Cattle Carcass Air Drying." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 71, no. 1 (May 20, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:10122.

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Coliforms present in 1 cm2 of carcass surface shows the degree of contamination during slaughtering as well as the hygienic condition of the air, the slaughtering hall, the equipment getting in contact with the carcasses, of the utensils, operators’ work equipment, of the operators’ hygiene. The indicator is determined by inoculating microorganisms from the carcasses surface in nutritional and selective environments, followed by their placing under heat control and counting of the microorganisms.
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13

Song, Donghui, Haomin Liu, Qiuchen Dong, Zichao Bian, Huixiang Wu, and Yu Lei. "Digital, Rapid, Accurate, and Label-Free Enumeration of Viable Microorganisms Enabled by Custom-Built On-Glass-Slide Culturing Device and Microscopic Scanning." Sensors 18, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 3700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113700.

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Accurately measuring the number of viable microorganisms plays an essential role in microbiological studies. Since the conventional agar method of enumerating visible colonies is time-consuming and not accurate, efforts have been made towards overcoming these limitations by counting the invisible micro-colonies. However, none of studies on micro-colony counting was able to save significant time or provide accurate results. Herein, we developed an on-glass-slide cell culture device that enables rapid formation of micro-colonies on a 0.38 mm-thick gel film without suffering from nutrient and oxygen deprivation during bacteria culturing. Employing a phase contrast imaging setup, we achieved rapid microscopic scanning of micro-colonies within a large sample area on the thin film without the need of fluorescent staining. Using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a demonstration, our technique was able to shorten the culturing time to within 5 h and automatically enumerate the micro-colonies from the phase contrast images. Moreover, this method delivered more accurate counts than the conventional visible colony counting methods. Due to these advantages, this imaging-based micro-colony enumeration technique provides a new platform for the quantification of viable microorganisms.
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14

Assis, Polyana Araújo de, Severino Borba de Andrade, Clécia Maria Carvalho de Oliveira, Patrícia Menezes de Araújo, Severino Grangeiro Júnior, and Selma Verônica Vieira Ramos. "Development and validation of a microbial counting method for mebendazole oral suspension." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 3 (September 2011): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000300013.

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Mebendazole is an important medicine used to treat helminth infections. These infections affect more than two billion people worldwide. The LAFEPE® (Recife-PE, Brazil) produces the drug mebendazole oral suspension that contains the preservatives methylparaben and propylparaben in its formulation. Drugs that have antimicrobial properties due to preservatives must undergo neutralization of these compounds to allow microbial count testing according to recommendations by the official compendia. In order to obtain a validated method for microbial counting and to ensure its safety and reliability within the pharmaceutical industry, validation of preservative neutralization and of the method for microbial counting was performed according to the USP 30 and PDA Technical Report No. 33. The method used ATCC Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms, yeasts, most and culture media Tryptic Soy Agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. The neutralizers were polysorbate 80 and lecithin. Recovery levels of over 70% of the microorganisms used in the test indicated the neutralization of antimicrobial activity and proved the absence of toxicity of neutralizers. The microbial counting method validated proved accurate, precise, robust and linear and can be safely used in routine operations.
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15

Havryliuk, O. А. "QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF COPPER-RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS DISTRIBUTION IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 1 (February 2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.01.69.

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Copper is a highly toxic metal common in both natural and man-made ecosystems. The goal of the work was to determine the level of resistance of microorganisms of natural ecosystems to cationic form and organometallic complex of Cu2+. Microorganisms of 9 natural ecosystems of five geographic zones (the Antarctic, the Arctic, the Dead Sea (Israel), middle latitude (Ukraine) and the equatorial zone of South America (Ecuador) were investigated. Resistance of microorganisms was determined by cultivation in the medium with concentration gradient of Сu2+. The amount of Cu2+-resistant microorganisms in natural ecosystems was determined by colony counting on nutrient agar with Сu2+ citrate and Cu2+ cation. The Cu(II) concentration in soil and clay samples was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy method. We have confirmed the hypothesis that microorganisms resistant to toxic Cu2+ compounds in high concentrations exist in any natural ecosystem. The resistance to Cu2+ cation was 8 – 31 and 14 –140 times less than to Cu2+ citrate in nutrient and mineral agar media respectively. The amount of Cu2+-resistant microorganisms in natural ecosystems reached hundreds and thousands at the presence of 175…15 500 ppm Cu2+. Thus, the soils, clays and sands of natural ecosystems are a “genetic resource” of copper-resistant microorganisms that are promising for development of novel biotechnology of purification of copper-containing wastewater and soil bioremediation.
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16

Boulade, Marine, Alexandra Morlay, Felix Piat, Yoann Roupioz, Thierry Livache, Paul G. Charette, Michael Canva, and Loïc Leroy. "Early detection of bacteria using SPR imaging and event counting: experiments withListeria monocytogenesandListeria innocua." RSC Advances 9, no. 27 (2019): 15554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01466g.

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17

Carmo, Maria das Graças do, Renata Cristina Borges da Silva Macedo, José Lucas Girão Rabelo, Flávio Estefferson de Oliveira Santana, Bruno Sueliton dos Santos, Ana Carla Diógenes Suassuna Bezerra, and Karoline Mikaelle de Paiva Soares. "Research of microorganisms, parasites and dirt in drumsticks sold by street vendors." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2020): e35291210737. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10737.

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It is of great importance to maintain the hygienic-sanitary quality of food and places where it is handled and marketed. This work aimed to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of Brazilian croquettes with chicken filling sold by street vendors in the city of Mossoró, state of Rio Grande do Norte. Ten samples were subjected to counting aerobic mesophilic bacteria, counting fungi and yeasts, Salmonella spp., Coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC. The research was into find dirtiness and pathogenic parasites was carried out with the flotation and sedimentation test. Total coliforms were found in 30% (3/10) of the samples evaluated, with values ​​ranging from <3.0 to> 1100 NMP / g and the presence of thermotolerant coliforms in 10% (1/10) with a value greater than > 1100 NMP / g. The count of mesophilic bacteria varied from 3.17 to 6.23 (Log10 UFC/g). While the mold and yeast count between 3.69 to 5.55 (Log10 UFC/g). Regarding the analyzes of Salmonella ssp., Escherichia coli and pathogenic parasites were negative. The results allowed to conclude that, of the total of ten samples analyzed, 10% (1/10) was unfit for human consumption.
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18

Kim, Ji Eun, Eun Bin Lee, Yun Jeong Yang, Woo Hyeong Kim, Jung Min Oh, Dae Yong Lim, Ye Darm Park, et al. "Isolation, Counting and Identification of Microorganisms from Elevator Button, ATM, and Smartphone Surface." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 41, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2019.41.8.419.

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19

Li, Tianxin, Fang Zhang, Xu Wang, and Ying Su. "Effect of Lead Zirconate Titanate Bimorph on Soil Microorganisms: A Preliminary Study." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 4193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084193.

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has been widely used because of its electrochemical effect, but its effect on soil microorganisms is rarely studied. In this study, laboratory soil microcosms with different soil moisture content and pH were established to explore the effects of the PZT-5H bimorph with different quantities and states on soil microorganisms after 49 days. Plate counting was used to study the number changes of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Isothermal microcalorimetry was used to evaluate microbial activity. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze soil microbial diversity and community structure. The results showed that the number and activity of microorganisms could be significantly promoted by two vibrating PZT bimorphs under the appropriate soil moisture content (20%) and pH (7). At the same time, it promoted the growth of non- dominant microorganisms and increased the diversity of microorganisms. These results indicate that it is possible for PZT bimorphs to be used in soil field.
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20

Havryliuk, O. A., V. M. Govorukha, and A. B. Tashyrev. "The resistance of chernozem soil microorganisms to soluble copper compounds." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 23 (September 9, 2018): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v23.1027.

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Аim. Determination of resistance of Ukrainian chernozem soil microorganisms to the influence of toxic copper(II). Methods. Content of copper-resistant microorganisms in chernozem was determined by counting colonies on a solid nutrient medium containing Cu(II). Resistance of microorganisms was determined by cultivation in the medium with concentration gradient of Сu2+. Results. Microorganisms resistant to toxic copper(II) by ultrahigh concentrations were shown to be present in chernozem soil. Microorganisms grew in the medium containing up to 500 mg/l Cu2+ (CuSO4 solution) and up to 10000 mg/l Cu2+ (in complex with citrate). Chelation of copper(II) with citrate was found to lead to increase of microbial resistance in 20 times. It was determined that a vanishingly small number of microorganisms resistant to toxic copper by ultrahigh concentrations can exist in a natural ecosystem. The number of viable microorganisms decreases with the increase in the content of Cu2+ that is described by the hyperbolic curve. Conclusions. The proposed methodological approach not only allows to isolate copper-resistant microorganisms from natural ecosystems of all geographic zones of the globe, but also avoid complex genetic transformations in order to obtain perspective genetically modified strains for further application in biotechnologies for purification of industrial wastewater. Keywords: copperresistant microorganisms, chernozem soil of Ukraine, diversified microbial community, environmental biotechnologies.
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21

YJ, Zhang, M. Xie, and Peng DL. "Effects of the transgenic CrylAc and CpTI insect-resistant cotton SGK321 on rhizosphere soil microorganism populations in northern China." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 6 (June 2, 2014): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/192/2014-pse.

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Transgenic CrylAc and CpTI insect-resistant cotton SGK321 has been widely adopted for many years in several regions of China, however the understanding of its potential effects on soil microorganisms is limited. The impact of transgenic cotton SGK321 on microorganism populations in rhizosphere soil was investigated. The numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were measured by counting colony-forming units after incubation on appropriate medium in a two-year field study in the northern China. Rhizosphere soil microorganism populations between transgenic cotton SGK321 and its non-transgenic parental cotton or conventional cotton were different at some plant growth stages and/or in some years. However compared to the plant growth stage and cotton cultivar, the impacts of the transgenic trait were slight or transient. The principal component analysis also showed no significant or minor difference in the numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil between transgenic cotton SGK321 and its non-transgenic parental cotton. These results suggest that the transgenic cotton SGK321 has no apparent impact on microorganism populations in rhizosphere soil.
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22

Jacobs, Liesel, Elize E. De Bruyn, and Thomas E. Cloete. "Spectrophotometric monitoring of biofouling." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1996): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0593.

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The monitoring of biofouling is continuously evolving with new and better techniques being developed all the time. The major drawback of the currently used techniques is that these methods are complicated and time-consuming, involving culturing and counting of attached organisms. A continuously circulating batch culture system was therefore designed to study biofouling spectrophotometrically. Absorbance of bacteria attached to a glass tube was compared with direct counts done on DAPI-stained bacteria attached to 3CR12 coupons. Direct measurements of absorbance correlated well with the total counts obtained using the DAPI technique (r2=0.925). Spectrophotometry proved to be an easy, inexpensive and reliable alternative to techniques requiring laborious counting of microorganisms, for example the DAPI technique, for quantification of biofouling.
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23

Todorovic, Dragi, Ana Sokolovska, and Hristina Babunovska. "Validation of the method for determination of microbiological purity of the Caffetin® tablets." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 48 (March 2003): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2002.48.008.

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A validation of the method for determination of the microbiological purity of Caffetin® tablets has been done. For this purpose the test microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger from the collection ATCC have been used. A non-specific nutritious medium for aerobic microorganisms and specific nutritious media for adequate test microorganisms: ENDO, Cetrimid, Baird-Parker and Sabouraud nutritious agar medium have been used. The method was performed in two modes: a direct inoculation into a nutritious medium and a membrane filtration. At the same time, a Challenge test was as well used the test of counting the growing colonies (CFU/ml). A calculation of the factor has been done, which represents relationship between growing microorganisms of the inoculated nutritious medium with and without adding to the examined preparation, as a criterion for acceptance of the achieved analytical results. The achieved values for the factor as a criterion for acceptance have shown satisfying values. It can be concluded that this method can be used for determination of the microbiological purity of Caffetin® tablets.
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24

Lapanjang, Iskandar. "Keberadaan Mikoriza Arbuskular pada Lokasi Pertanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) di Lembah Palu." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v5i1.104.

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Plant rhizosphere has various types of microorganisms, including Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF). Each ecosystem has different species and densities of AMF. For further use, study the potency of indigenous AMF is necessary. This research was conducted to know the existence and potency of indigenous AMF of soil where physic nuts grow on dry land of Palu Valley at Poboya, Palu, Central Sulawesi. Soil samples were collected, and then observed under microscope. The steps to study the potency of AMF were counting the propagules with Most Probable Number (MPN) method, spora trapping, identifying the types of spore, and single spore culture. The result showed that the number of infective AMF propagules from cultivated soil was 1117 microorganisms/g soil and from of natural soil was 711 microorganisms/g soil; and indigenous AMF from the soil where physic nut grown at Lembah Palu were dominated by Glomus sp.
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25

Cunha, A. F., A. D. Lage, M. M. Pereira e Araújo, C. F. Abreu, A. R. Tassinari, M. A. Ferraz, K. Davenport, and M. M. O. P. Cerqueira. "ATP-Bioluminescence as a method to evaluated microbiological quality of UHT milk." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 66, no. 6 (December 2014): 1909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-7396.

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New approaches are needed to quickly indicate possible contamination of UHT milk, among them the technique of ATP-Bioluminescence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the results of culture methods with the results of ATP-Bioluminescence technique of 102 UHT whole milk samples incubated at 48, 72, and 168 hours. UHT milk samples were analyzed for the presence of mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic microorganisms using Plate Count Agar (PCA), Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) media and PetrifilmTM Aerobic Count (AC) plates. The ATP-Bioluminescence technique was applied through the Microbial Luminescent Screening (MLS) system. Significant correlations were found between counts of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms on PCA, PetrifilmTM AC, BHI and results of ATP bioluminescence technique (P≤0.05). The ATP-Bioluminescence technique had higher correlation with counting method in PCA than BHI media. At lower pass/fail limits of Relative Light Units (60, 50, 45 and 40 RLU), the number of samples identified as positive increased and statistically agreed with aerobic mesophilic microorganism counts (P>0.05). For the dairy industry, the ATP-Bioluminescence technique may become an important tool that assists the official methods to quickly monitor the microbiological quality of UHT milk though this will likely require a threshold below 150 RLU.
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Riis, V., H. Lorbeer, and W. Babel. "Extraction of microorganisms from soil: evaluation of the efficiency by counting methods and activity measurements." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30, no. 12 (October 1998): 1573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00232-0.

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27

Celestino, Erica Guedes, Micheline Thaís Santos, Sybelle Georgia Silva, Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos, Elizabeth Simões do Amaral Alves, Petronio Azevedo de Melo, and Breno Araújo de Melo. "MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF GOAT MILK PRODUCED ON ALAGOAS STATE, BRAZIL." Nucleus Animalium 11, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/21751463.3613.

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The objective of this study was to verify the microbiological quality of raw and pasteurized goat milk and produced in Alagoas state, Brazil. Was carried out three interval collect of pasteurized and raw milk and the samples taken to the laboratory. All samples were subjected to aerobic mesophilic microorganisms counting, psychrotrophic microorganisms, determination of the most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms and thermotolerant microorganisms. For analysis, samples were plated on specific medium (Baird-Parker Agar Base himedia M043) and incubated at 37 °C for 24h. To Salmonella sp. detection was used plating the medium Salmonella Shigella agar. The presence of coliforms at 35 °C was detected in all samples as well as 45 °C except to first sample. To the pasteurized milk was found to coliforms at 35 °C and 45 °C in the second and third samples. Only in the second test was checked the presence of mesofilic bacteria. We have not found samples contaminated with microorganisms psychrotrophic, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. According to the obtained results the quality of collected milk has unacceptable conditions of consumption compared to coliform counts, according to the parameters established by law.
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Zhang, Rui Yong, Sabrina Hedrich, and Axel Schippers. "Reduction of Iron(III) Ions at Elevated Pressure by Acidophilic Microorganisms." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.88.

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A composed mixed acidophilic, iron-oxidizing culture (FIGB) and a thermo-acidophilic enrichment culture (TK65) were used to evaluate microbial iron(III) reduction coupled to oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) under high pressure. Experiments were done in batch culture in high pressure vessels at 1 and 100 bar. Microbial abundance and activity were determined by measuring iron(II) concentration, direct cell counting, T-RFLP and quantitative real-time PCR. The data indicate that both cultures are able to reduce soluble iron(III) by oxidation of sulfur compounds under anaerobic conditions. At high pressure (100 bar) these acidophiles were capable of growing and microbial ferric iron reduction was only partially inhibited. These results indicate that acidophiles can be barotolerant and their activities are contributing to sulfur and iron cycling in anaerobic environments including deep ore deposits which is highly relevant for in situ leaching operations.
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Kock, Dagmar, Torsten Graupner, Dieter Rammlmair, and Axel Schippers. "Quantification of Microorganisms Involved in Cemented Layer Formation in Sulfidic Mine Waste Tailings (Freiberg, Saxony, Germany)." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.481.

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Cemented layers predominantly consisting of gels/poorly crystalline mineral phases have been formed as a consequence of mineral weathering in sulfidic tailings near Freiberg, Saxony, Germany. These layers function as natural attenuation barrier for toxic compounds and reduce oxidation and erosion processes of tailings surfaces. Quantitative molecular biological and cultivation methods were applied to investigate the role of microorganisms for mineral weathering and cemented layer formation. High resolution depth profiles of numbers of microorganisms showed maximal cell numbers in the oxidation zone where cemented layers had been formed. Highest total cell numbers of >109 cells g-1 dry weight (dw) were detected by SybrGreen direct counting. Using quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) between 107 and 109 Bacteria g-1 dw and up to 108 Archaea g-1 dw were determined. As well high numbers of cultivable and living Bacteria could be detected by MPN (most probable number) for Fe(II)- and S-oxidizers and CARD-FISH (catalyzed reporter deposition - fluorescence in situ hybridization). Overall, the high numbers of microorganisms determined with various quantification techniques argue for a significant role of microorganisms in cemented layer formation due to microbial mineral weathering. It is hypothesized that EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) mediate the formation of secondary mineral phases.
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Johnsen, Anders R., Anne Winding, Ulrich Karlson, and Peter Roslev. "Linking of Microorganisms to Phenanthrene Metabolism in Soil by Analysis of 13C-Labeled Cell Lipids." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 12 (December 2002): 6106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.12.6106-6113.2002.

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ABSTRACT Phenanthrene-metabolizing soil microbial communities were characterized by examining mineralization of [14C]phenanthrene, by most-probable-number (MPN) counting, by 16S-23S spacer DNA analysis of the numerically dominant, culturable phenanthrene-degrading isolates, and by examining incorporation of [13C]phenanthrene-derived carbon into sterols and polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs). An unpolluted agricultural soil, a roadside soil diffusely polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and two highly PAH-polluted soils from industrial sites were analyzed. Microbial phenanthrene degraders were not detected by MPN counting in the agricultural soil and the roadside soil. In the industrial soils, phenanthrene degraders constituted 0.04 and 3.6% of the total number of CFU. 16S-23S spacer DNA analysis followed by partial 16S DNA sequencing of representative isolates from one of the industrial soils showed that one-half of the isolates belonged to the genus Sphingomonas and the other half were closely related to an unclassified beta-proteobacterium. The 13C-PLFA profiles of the two industrial soils were relatively similar and resembled the profiles of phenanthrene-degrading Sphingomonas reference strains and unclassified beta-proteobacterium isolates but did not match the profiles of Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, or Nocardia reference strains. The 13C-PLFA profiles of phenanthrene degraders in the agricultural soil and the roadside soil were different from each other and different from the profiles of the highly polluted industrial soils. Only in the roadside soil were 10me/12me18:0 PLFAs enriched in 13C, suggesting that actinomycetes metabolized phenanthrene in this soil. The 13C-PLFA profiles of the unpolluted agricultural soil did not resemble the profiles of any of the reference strains. In all of the soils investigated, no excess 13C was recovered in the 18:2ω6,9 PLFA, suggesting that fungi did not contribute significantly to assimilation of [13C]phenanthrene.
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Drancourt, Michel, Vincent Jarlier, and Didier Raoult. "The Environmental Pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans Grows in Amphibian Cells at Low Temperatures." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 12 (December 2002): 6403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.12.6403-6404.2002.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium ulcerans, the etiological agent of Buruli ulcers, is an environmental pathogen. We cultivated it in an amphibian (XTC-2) cell line that grows at 28°C. By counting of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained mycobacteria and by quantitative PCR analysis, we found that M. ulcerans multiplies rapidly in association with XTC-2 cells. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of intracellular M. ulcerans microorganisms. These data suggest an intracellular environmental niche, and we propose use of XTC-2 cells for isolation of M. ulcerans from environmental sources.
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Dhindsa, Anaahat, Sanjay Bhatia, Sunil Agrawal, and B. S. Sohi. "Estimating Microbial Diversity via Morphological Based Microscopic Image Analysis: Methods and Metrics." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 2757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.4.52.

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To accelerate the monitoring and counting of biodiversity of various species, there is a need for automating the process of computing biodiversity. The calculations of the alpha and beta biodiversity indexes are fundamental for the analysis of ecological and biodiversity studies. Sukhna and Dhanas lakes, India are critical for the maintenance of the health of the residents and aquatic life thriving in them. Both lakes are prone to pollution. Due to these factors, there is a need for building digitized infrastructure for monitoring the health of these lakes. Hence in this research work, an automated algorithm has been devised for the computation of biodiversity of microorganisms. The work focuses on the surface water of both these lakes. The automation of biodiversity computation is done with image processing algorithms and is applied to the primary data collected. From this study, it is apparent that the counting of microorganisms using image processing algorithms is an easier and efficient way for biodiversity studies as compared to the manual process of estimating the population of microbes. The results show that the species richness of Dhanas Lake is more as compared to Sukhna Lake. The dissimilarity between the two lakes is five species as per the primary data collected. This shows that the biodiversity of Dhanas Lake is better than the Sukhna Lake but it is prone to harmful algal blooms. This may be attributed to the fact that Dhanas Lake may have multiple sources of pollution that need to be identified.
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Menkina, E. A., N. N. Shapovalovа, and A. A. Voropayeva. "Number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms depending on technology of winter wheat cultivation on ordinary chernozem of the Central Caucasus." South of Russia: ecology, development 16, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-2-55-64.

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Aim. To study the influence of cultivation technology on the number of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms and the yield of winter wheat on the common chernozem of the Central Caucasus.Material and Methods. The number of microorganisms was determined by counting colonies on dense nutrient media according to generally accepted methods.Results. The number of microorganisms that transform organic and mineral forms of nitrogen and soil yeast was determined, depending on meteorological conditions, soil cultivation and fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers had the most significant effect on the activity of the soil microbiota. In years of varying moisture availability, fertilizers improved the nutrient regime of the soil, which contributed to increased plant development, microflora activity and increased winter wheat yield. In both the technologies applied, the largest number of all groups of microorganisms studied was observed when applying a complete mineral fertilizer -N52P52K52 .This dose of fertilizer also provided the highest yield of winter wheat - 6.07-6.33 t/ha. With a balanced plant nutrition regime (N52P52K52), the processes of decomposition and mineralization of plant residues proceeded at the same rate in both technologies. At the same time, without the use of fertilizers, the total activity of microorganisms in the no-till technology exceeded the minimum technology by 23.4х105 columnforming units, which indicates the beginning of the process of self-healing of the soil in the third year after the transition to direct sowing of crops.Conclusion. The number of microorganisms is one of the most sensitive indicators of the direction of complex biochemical processes, allowing us to assess the combined influence of all factors on the overall state of the soil microbiocenosis.
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Galimzyanova, Leysan R., Tatiana V. Vdovina, Yoldyz V. Kobeleva, and Natalia V. Galkina. "Assessment of the biodegradability of polymer based on polyacrylates." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-5-44.

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The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the assessment of biodegradability of polymer based on acrylic acid and its copolymers, used as an impregnation of paper napkins, by microorganisms of soil and activated sludge biocenosis. Experimental studies were carried out with 10%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.0001% aqueous solutions of polymer based on acrylic acid. The assessment of the biodegradation ability of polyacrylates by microorganisms of soil biocenosis and activated sludge was carried out on the basis of changes in the respiratory activity of microbiocenoses under conditions of introduction into the soil and waste water, respectively, of the analyzed polymer samples based on acrylic acid and its derivatives. Based on the changes in the respiratory activity of microorganisms in the presence of polymers, it was revealed that polyacrylates are biodegradable and can be used by soil microbiocenosis and activated sludge microbiocenosis as a substrate. The results of quantitative counting of microorganisms of activated sludge by the method of limiting dilutions in the process of long-term cultivation in the presence of polymer samples correlate with the results of determining the respiratory activity of microbiocenoses and indicate the possibility of using polyacrylates by microorganisms as a substrate. In the process of experimental studies, it was proved that in the aquatic environment both large respiratory activity of microorganisms at low concentrations of the polymer and a higher inhibitory activity of the polymer at its high concentrations than in the soil are observed. The results indicate the promise of using solutions of polyacrylates as impregnation of paper napkins, since the methods of processing and disposal of used napkins meet the requirements of environmental friendliness.
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Imamura, Takahiro, Seiko Tatehara, Yusuke Takebe, Reiko Tokuyama, Tomoko Ohshima, Nobuko Maeda, and Kazuhito Satomura. "Antibacterial and Antifungal Effect of 405 nm Monochromatic Laser on Endodontopathogenic Microorganisms." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/387215.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of 405 nm monochromatic laser irradiation as an alternative management for prevention and/or treatment of endodontic infections. A monochromatic laser-emitting device equipped with a 405-nm laser diode was developed. Using this device, the effect of 405 nm laser irradiation on the growth ofPorphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Enterococcus faecalis, andCandida albicans, which are microorganisms associated with persistent endodontic infections, was evaluated by viable colony counting. As a result, the irradiation with a 405 nm laser had a significant bactericidal/fungicidal effect onP. gingivalis, P. intermedia, andC. albicans, whereas the growth ofE. faecaliswas not affected by the irradiation. The inhibition rate inP. gingivalisandP. intermediawas ~60% and ~80%, respectively, following irradiation at 0.2 W for 300 sec. The inhibition rate inC. albicanswas ~90% following irradiation at 0.2 W for 1200 sec. These results indicate that 405 nm monochromatic laser irradiation exerts a bactericidal/fungicidal effect on these microorganisms. The present study clearly demonstrates that 405 nm laser irradiation is a promising alternative management strategy for prevention and/or treatment of endodontic infections.
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36

D′Haese, Eva, and Hans J. Nelis. "Rapid Detection of Single Cell Bacteria as a Novel Approach in Food Microbiology." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.4.979.

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Abstract Solid-phase cytometry (SPC) is a novel technique that allows rapid detection of bacteria at the single cell level, without the need for a growth phase. After filtration of the sample, the retained microorganisms are fluorescently labeled on the membrane filter and automatically counted by a laser scanning device. Each fluorescent spot can be visually inspected with an epifluorescence microscope connected to the ChemScan by a computer-driven moving stage. Depending on the fluorogenic labels used, information on the identity and the physiological status of the microorganisms can be obtained within a few hours. Although SPC was originally recommended for the determination of the total viable microbial count in water and other liquid samples, it may also be a promising technique for the detection and enumeration of bacteria in food samples, provided they can be isolated from the unfilterable matrix. The short detection time inherent in this approach is a considerable advantage over conventional plate counting, especially for slow-growing microorganisms. The basic principles of SPC are discussed as well as its potential for the detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, a model example of a slow-growing bacterium in milk.
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Mlejnková, H., and K. Sovová. "Impact of pollution and seasonal changes on microbial community structure in surface water." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 11 (June 1, 2010): 2787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.080.

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We studied the differences in a microbial community structure with respect to the water pollution level and seasonal changes. The determination of phylogenetic groups of Bacteria and Archaea was done using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The total number of microorganisms was determined by direct counting of DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stained samples using a fluorescence microscope. Our results showed that the microbial community structure was significantly dependent on the level of water pollution, both in absolute microbial counts and in relative abundance of phylogenetic groups. For surface water with anthropogenic pollution, the microbial community with significant proportion of Betaproteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium was characteristic. Gammaproteobacteria were significant in municipal waste water. In microbial communities with low numbers of microorganisms (e.g. non-polluted water and some industrial waste water) represented the significant component groups Alphaproteobacteria and Archaea. The impact of seasonal changes on the microbial distribution was not significant.
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Plekhanova, Liudmila, Natalya Kashirskaya, and Alexander Syrovatko. "Cellulosolitic Microorganisms Activity as an Indicator of Details Funeral Ceremony." Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, no. 1 (July 2020): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2020.1.6.

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The article describes the results and the methodology for determining the initial presence of wares containing cellulose in the Vyatichi funeral ceremony in the Middle Ages in the natural zone of the southern taiga, Moscow region. Cellulose is a high molecular weight polymer. Cellulose (in other words – fiber) contains up to half of all the organic carbon of the biosphere, therefore, the prevalence of various microorganisms utilizing cellulose is quite high. In addition, the prevalence of this trophic group of microorganisms significantly complicates the diagnosis in archaeological contexts, since it’s necessary to understand the total number of these microorganisms on different depths in certain soil types and certain climatic zones. To overcome this difficulty, we conducted a two-month experiment to determine the rates of decomposition of the added cellulose substrate by soils from the adjacent structures of cremated burials using method, providing results comparable with published data. For the first time, there was made an attempt to identify soils of cremated burials with an increased content of cellulose, by analogy to microbiological methods of identifying keratin-containing substrates of ancient burials. The presence of cellulolytic microorganisms was identified by counting of colony forming units after planting on a solid nutrient environment – soil agar enriched in carboxymethyl cellulose. The object of the experiments was soil samples from medieval burials with cremations. Comparisons were made with the background soil of the same age as cremations (XII century), which have been developing according to the zonal type on the kurgan mound nearby to cremated burials. Three sites with maxima activity were revealed, according to the archaeological context. The article continues the cycle of experimental planting of trophic groups of microorganisms for the purpose of indicating substances that entered the soil at different periods of time, from antiquity to the Middle Ages, and have been utilized by microorganisms up to nowadays.
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Capelezzo, Ana Paula, Laura Cassol Mohr, Janayne Sander Godoy, Alessandra Sgnaulin Bellei, Luciano Luiz Silva, Maria Ana Pignatel Marcon Martins, Márcio Antônio Fiori, and Josiane Maria Muneron Mello. "Addition of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Biodegradable Polymer and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activity." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.230.

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The food contamination for pathogenic microorganisms is a serious problem for the food security. Many actions can be taken in order to reduce this pathogenic multiplication, highlighting the use of active packaging for the food conservation, which have antimicrobial agents dispersed in its surface. The metal oxides and its nanoparticles have been shown effective additives for this purpose. With the growing concern with the environmental and the use of less aggressive materials, biodegradable polymers emerge like a good alternative. This work has the goal to investigate the effect on antimicrobial activity against Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria when added zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in concentration of 1% (wt/wt) in the biodegrable polymer Ecoflex®. The system was homogenized and proccessed in industrial extruder single screw and the polymer’s antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion tests and counting surviving microorganisms with the time. The results showed that the biodegradable polymer Ecoflex®with ZnO NPs exhibit good antibacterial activity.
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Tanomaru Filho, Mário, José Carlos Yamashita, Mario Roberto Leonardo, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva, Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru, and Izabel Yoko Ito. "In vivo microbiological evaluation of the effect of biomechanical preparation of root canals using different irrigating solutions." Journal of Applied Oral Science 14, no. 2 (April 2006): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572006000200008.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of biomechanical preparation using different irrigating solutions. Seventy-eight root canals from premolars of four dogs were used. After experimental induction of periapical lesions, the root canals were prepared using the following solutions for irrigation: Group 1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group 2) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 3) saline solution and Group 4) control group with no biomechanical preparation. The microbiological evaluation of the root canals was performed by counting the colony forming units (CFUs) using different culture mediums. Two absorbent paper cones were used in each root canal in order to collect the microbiological samples before, and thirty days after the biomechanical preparation. The culture plates were incubated in aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic environment. Statistical evaluation was carried out using analysis of variance, Tukey and Student tests. The results demonstrated that there was reduction in the number of microorganisms in the NaOCl and CHX groups (p<0.05). There was greater effectiveness in the chlorhexidine group. The group that used saline solution and the control group presented an increased number of microorganisms. It can be concluded that the use of antimicrobial irrigating solutions during biomechanical preparation promotes the reduction of endodontic microbiota. However, a considerable number of microorganisms were still observed.
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Waller, Spenser, Stacy L. Wilder, Michael J. Schueller, Alexandra B. Housh, and Richard A. Ferrieri. "Quantifying Plant-Borne Carbon Assimilation by Root-Associating Bacteria." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (May 10, 2020): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050700.

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Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a rhizobacteria that occupies a specialized ecological niche in agriculture. As an endophyte and prolific grass root colonizer it has the potential to promote plant growth, enhancing crop yield in many cereal crops. While the mechanisms for plant growth promotion are controversial, the one irrefutable fact is these microorganisms rely heavily on plant-borne carbon as their main energy source in support of their biological functions. Unfortunately, the tools and technology enabling researchers to trace carbon exchange between plants and the microorganisms associating with them has been limiting. Here, we demonstrate that radioactive 11CO2 administered to intact maize leaves with translocation of 11C-photosynthates to roots can provide a ‘traceable’ source of carbon whose assimilation by microbial organisms can be quantified with enormous sensitivity. Fluorescence root imaging of RAM10, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporting strain of H. seropedicae, was used to identify regions of high microbial colonization. Microbes were mechanically removed from these regions via sonication in saline solution and extracts were subjected to fluorescence measurement and gamma counting to correlate carbon-11 atoms with numbers of colony forming units. The method has potential to translate to other microorganisms provided they possess an optical reporting trait.
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42

Nardi, Tiziana, Federica Gaiotti, and Diego Tomasi. "Characterization of Indigenous Microbial Communities in Vineyards Employing Different Agronomic Practices: The Importance of Trunk Bark as a Source of Microbial Biodiversity." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091752.

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Microbiomes are essential to viticulture and winemaking since various fungi and bacteria can exert positive and negative effects on grape health and wine quality. The current work evaluates the communities of culturable fungi and bacteria associated with Corvina vines derived from two vineyards from a similar terroir (within the Valpolicella DOC area, Italy) but on which different management practices were employed: organic and conventional farming. Samples of bark and grapes were collected in four spatial points for each vineyard. Populations of bark-associated microorganisms were monitored during ripening season (at veraison and at harvest time), and results were integrated with data from grape-associated microorganisms, sampled right before harvest. Culturable populations of fungi and bacteria were determined by plate counting on WL and PCA culture media. For fungi, biodiversity was also assayed on all samples through molecular methods, by ITS-RFLP analysis. Although this does not represent a comprehensive evaluation of the microbiome, since culturable and countable microorganisms only represent a portion of microbial biodiversity, our results emphasize the importance of vine trunk bark, not only as an interesting habitat to be characterized for monitoring microbial biodiversity in vineyards but also as a potential source of microbial viable species for further isolation.
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Cirolini, Andréia, Andressa Mara Baseggio, Marília Miotto, Roberta Juliano Ramos, Cristhiane Stecanella de Oliveira Cattani, and Cleide Rosana Werneck Vieira. "Evaluation of the PetrifilmTM and TEMPO® systems and the conventional method for counting microorganisms in pasteurized milk." Food Science and Technology (Campinas) 33, no. 4 (December 2013): 784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612013000400026.

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Oliveira, Márcia Gonzaga de Castro, Priscila Zaczuk Bassinello, Valácia Lemes da Silva Lobo, and Maria Madalena Rinaldi. "Stability and microbiological quality of rice bran subjected to different heat treatments." Food Science and Technology 32, no. 4 (August 23, 2012): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612012005000095.

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Rice bran is a byproduct commonly used for animal feeding; however its nutritional value and potential application in human diet have attracted market interest. Its preservation for safe use is still a challenge, so the objective of this study was to determine the quality of commercially available rice bran samples subjected to different heat treatments (extruding, parboiling, toasting, and microwave oven heating) in order to promote stabilization during storage under room temperature. Rice bran samples were collected from two industries, and each treatment was divided in three parts, each corresponding to three repetitions. All samples were evaluated for moisture content, total microorganisms, mold and yeast counting, hydrolytic rancidity, and lipase activity during 90 days of storage. Most of the heat treatments, including domestic and thermoplastic extrusion, generated products which may be used for human consumption under the tested conditions in terms of physicochemical and microbiological quality. The domestic treatments were more efficient in eliminating microorganisms or keeping them within acceptable limits. The toasted rice bran showed satisfactory results in terms of moisture, hydrolytic rancidity control, and lipase activity.
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BEUCHAT, L. R., F. COPELAND, M. S. CURIALE, T. DANISAVICH, V. GANGAR, B. W. KING, T. L. LAWLIS, et al. "Comparison of the SimPlate™ Total Plate Count Method with Petrifilm™, Redigel™, and Conventional Pour-Plate Methods for Enumerating Aerobic Microorganisms in Foods." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.1.14.

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The SimPlate™ Total Plate Count (TPC) method, developed by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., is designed to determine the most probable number of aerobic microorganisms in foods. The 24-h test was compared to the conventional plate count agar (PCA) method, the Petrifilm™ Aerobic Count plates, and the Redigel™ Total Count procedure for enumerating microflora in 751 food samples. Results using the SimPlate™ TPC method were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.96) with results from other test methods. Slopes (0.96–0.97) were not significantly different from 1, and y intercepts (−0.03–0.08) were not different from 0. The SimPlate™ has a high counting range (&gt; 1600 most probable number per single dilution), thus requiring fewer dilutions of samples compared to other methods evaluated. Some foods, e.g., raw liver, wheat flour, and nuts, contain enzymes that gave false-positive reactions on SimPlates™. Overall, however, the SimPlate™ TPC method is a suitable alternative to conventional PCA, Petrifilm™, and Redigel™ methods for estimating populations of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in a wide range of foods.
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LANZA, Célia Regina Moreira, José Eduardo de Oliveira LIMA, Sergio Aparecido TORRES, and Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira MACHADO. "Effect of professional dental prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet on the cariogenic microbiota." Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 14, no. 1 (March 2000): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912000000100005.

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The effect of professional dental prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet on salivary counting of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in 32 children ranging from 7 to 10 years of age, has been assessed. Whole stimulated saliva was collected before the prophylaxis, immediately after it and 30 days later, and the number of CFU/ml in the saliva was detected through the Caritest system. A statistically significant immediate decrease on salivary levels of both microorganisms was observed, 50% for mutans streptococci and 27% for lactobacilli. For mutans streptococci this decrease continued through the 30 days period; the same did not occur with lactobacilli, that returned to their baseline values.
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47

Herrero, Mónica, Covadonga Quirós, Luis A. García, and Mario Díaz. "Use of Flow Cytometry To Follow the Physiological States of Microorganisms in Cider Fermentation Processes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 10 (October 2006): 6725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01183-06.

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ABSTRACT The flow cytometry (FC) technique used with certain fluorescent dyes (ChemChrome V6 [CV6], DRAQ5, and PI) has proven useful to label and to detect different physiological states of yeast and malolactic bacterium starters conducting cider fermentation over time (by performing sequential inoculation of microorganisms). First, the technique was tested with pure cultures of both types of microorganisms grown in synthetic media under different induced stress conditions. Metabolically active cells detected by FC and by the standard plate-counting method for both types of microorganisms in fresh overnight pure cultures gave good correlations between the two techniques in samples taken at this stage. Otherwise, combining the results obtained by FC and plating during alcoholic and malolactic fermentation over time in the cider-making process, different subpopulations were detected, showing significant differences between the methods. A small number of studies have applied the FC technique to analyze fermentation processes and mixed cultures over time. The results were used to postulate equations explaining the different physiological states in cell populations taken from fresh, pure overnight cultures under nonstress conditions or cells subjected to stress conditions over time, either under a pure-culture fermentation process (in this work, corresponding to alcoholic fermentation) or under mixed-fermentation conditions (for the malolactic-fermentation phase), that could be useful to improve the control of the processes.
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Lenchenko, E. M., and D. V. Stepanov. "QUANTITATIVE ACCOUNT AND DIFFERENTIAL PROPERTIES OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ALLOCATED FROM FOOD RAW MATERIALS." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 2 (2020): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202002017.

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The results of microbiological studies of generally accepted research methods and analysis studies for accelerated calculation the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms isolated from food raw materials are presented. Optimization of sample preparation for research and elimination of routine stages of colony counting significantly increases the number of performed analyzes, saves research time and material costs. Due to the simplicity of operations and a minimum of manual labor,productivity and security are increased, labor costs of staff time are reduced, subjective factors are excluded. The advantages are also in quantitative indicators of the total number of yeast and molds in the studied samples within 72 hours, whereas in the generally accepted method, the indicators are presented only after 5 days. A quantitative analysis of microorganisms of food samples (n = 82) revealed a mismatch of microbiological safety indicators, excess QMAFAnM: 23 (28,0%) samples food raw materials, of which 11 beef samples (47,2%); meat of offal and semi-finished poultry – 12 (20,3%). Based on a comparative assessment of growth-supporting and selective properties, effective diagnostic environments and test systems for differentiating similar types of microorganisms have been tested and selected. From the number of isolates allocated from food raw materials (n = 122), 36 microbial cultures were identified: Salmonella spp. – 10 (13,1%) microbial cultures; coliforms – 25 (24,3%); Listeria monocytogenes – 1 (1,3%).
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van Wyk, Sanelle, and Filipa V. M. Silva. "Enumeration of Brettanomyces in Wine Using Impedance." Applied Microbiology 1, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1020024.

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Brettanomyces bruxellensis is a wine spoilage concern in wineries around the world. In order to maintain wine quality during storage and ageing, it is imperative to control and monitor this yeast. Being a fastidious slow growing yeast, which requires 5 to 14 days of incubation for visible growth in agar plates, it is difficult to detect growth (colonies) by conventional agar plate count method. Yeast enumeration by impedance was investigated because previous research using other microorganisms has shown that it is potentially faster than plate counting. The relationship between plate counting and impedance detection times was investigated for Brettanomyces inoculated in red wine samples. A linear relationship between log plate count concentrations and impedance detection times was found. Incubation time was reduced from 120 h down to 0.9 and 57.7 h for samples with 6.7 × 107 and 1.8 × 102 cfu/mL, respectively, using the ‘indirect’ impedance method. The ‘direct’ method also reduced the incubation times to 9.5 and 81.9 h, for the same concentrations. The ‘indirect’ impedance method has the potential to be used by the wine industry to control and monitor the Brettanomyces numbers in wines.
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Dijk, Manon van, t. holt, tte Severin, Suzanne Polinder, and M. Vos. "The Daily Direct Costs of Isolating Patients Identified With Highly Resistant Microorganisms." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1053.

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Abstract:
Background: Isolation precautions are recommended when caring for patients identified with highly resistant microorganisms (HRMOs). However, the direct costs of isolating patients are largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to obtain detailed information on the daily direct costs associated with isolating patients identified with HRMO. Methods: This study was performed from November until December 2017 on a 12-bed surgical ward. This ward contained solely isolation rooms with an anteroom. The daily direct costs of isolation were based on three cost items: (1) additional personal protective equipment (PPE); measured by counting the consumption of empty packaging materials, (2) cleaning and disinfection of the isolation room; based on the costs of an outsourced cleaning company, and (3) additional workload for healthcare workers; based on literature and multiplied by the average gross hourly salary of nurses. A distinction was made between the costs for strict isolation, contact-plus isolation, and contact isolation. Results: During the study period, 26 patients were nursed in isolation because of HRMO carriage, resulting in a total of 304 isolation days (median 7 isolation days; range 1-44). Gloves were consumed the most and hair caps the least. The average daily direct costs of isolation were the least expensive for contact isolation, €28/$31, and the most expensive for strict isolation, €41/$47. Conclusions: By using a novel, easy method to estimate consumption of PPE, we conclude that the daily direct costs of isolating a patient, differs per type of isolation. Insight into the direct costs of isolation is of utmost importance when developing or revising policies.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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