Journal articles: 'Microorganisms – Seeds'

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Kremer, Robert J. "Antimicrobial Activity of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Seeds." Weed Science 34, no. 4 (1986): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500067540.

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Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) seeds were bioassayed on 241 microbial isolates to assess their antimicrobial activity. Seeds placed on agar plates inoculated with test microorganisms released a diffusible substance(s) that inhibited the growth of 117 of 202 (58%) bacteria and all of the fungi tested. Antimicrobial activity of the seeds appeared to be nonselective as the extent of inhibition was not related to type of microorganism nor their origin. Hard, water-impermeable seeds had greater inhibitory activity than imbibed (soft) seeds. The intensity of inhibition was affected by prior leaching of seeds with various solvents and by the stage of seed development. Chemical analysis of diffusion zones from agar plates and seed leachates revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. The presence of antimicrobial substances in velvetleaf seeds may contribute to the persistence of viable seeds in soil by inhibiting potential seed-deteriorating microorganisms.

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Kremer, Robert J. "Microorganisms Associated with Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Seeds on the Soil Surface." Weed Science 34, no. 2 (1986): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500066728.

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The relationships between microorganisms and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. # ABUTH) seeds in contact with soil were studied to determine microbial effects on velvetleaf seed viability. The characteristic seed microbial association persisted on velvetleaf seeds placed on the soil surface during 32 days of incubation. The fungal association comprised ofAlternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissl.,Cladosporium cladosporioides(Fres.) de Vries,Epicoccum purpurascensEhrenb. ex Schlecht, andFusariumspp. was detected on over 50% of the seeds during incubation. Establishment of soil microorganisms on 50% of seeds occurred at only one sampling date. Such establishment was largely unsuccessful due to the effective barrier presented by seedborne microorganisms. Seedborne and soilborne microorganisms were unable to reduce viability of velvetleaf seeds in contact with soil as the total viability of all seeds tested exceeded 90% during incubation. Velvetleaf seedborne microorganisms may augment seed longevity on and in soils by acting as a barrier to potential seed decomposers originating from soil.

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Silva, Isledi William da, Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen, Luiz Volney Mattos Viau, Sandra Beatriz Vicenci Fernandes, José Antônio Gonzalez da Silva, and Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi. "Growth Promoting Microorganisms for Treatment of Soybean Seeds." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 6 (2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n6p198.

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The use of microorganisms that promote plant growth is an important tool for increasing agricultural production; besides, there is an emerging demand for decreasing utilization of chemical fertilizers and to solidify sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of growth promoting microorganisms Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Trichoderma harzianum for treatment of soybean seeds. This experiment was conducted at the Regional Institute of Rural Development (IRDeR), in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks and treatments were: control, Trichoderma harzianum, Bradyrhizobium elkanii, and co-inoculated Trichoderma harzianum + Bradyrhizobium elkanii, with four replications per treatment. The sample units were five rows 5 m in length, spaced at 0.5 m, and three central lines were used to analyze the components of soybean yield. Of these, two lines were harvested 4 m, and the incidence of soil diseases in the plants was evaluated in one of the lines. Treatments means were compared using Tukey test. There was an effect of treatments: B. elkanii and treatment with co-inoculation B. elkanii and T. harzianum showed a significant response to grain yield. The chemical treatment without microorganisms with a biological effect had a higher incidence of diseases and a lower yield of grains.

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Paau, Alan S. "Formulations useful in applying beneficial microorganisms to seeds." Trends in Biotechnology 6, no. 11 (1988): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(88)90124-2.

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Đerić, Nataša, Olja Todorić, Milana Rošul, et al. "Influence of different chemical agents and storage conditions on the microbiological content of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds." Food and Feed Research 47, no. 2 (2020): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ffr47-29058.

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This study aimed to test different chemical agents to obtain microbiologically safe industrial hemp seeds that could be used for further food processing (with the reduced total number of microorganisms, total number of moulds and yeasts, and total number of Enterobacteriaceae). In order to obtain seeds applicable for food consumption, optimal storage temperature conditions (room temperature, refrigerator, freezer), method of seed packaging (vacuum/without vacuum), and the application of various chemical treatments (ethanol, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hypochlorite) were tested on the certified industrial hemp seeds, produced in two consecutive years. Optimal storage conditions differed for different microorganisms, and the most optimal storage was at room temperature, for seeds produced in 2018, in the treatment to reduce the total number of Enterobacteriaceae and the total number of microorganisms. When storing seeds from 2018 in order to reduce the number of yeasts and moulds, a slightly lower number was spotted when seeds were stored in a vacuum-sealed bag, at the refrigerator/freezer temperature. For hemp seeds produced in 2019, the most optimal storage conditions were at the refrigerator (for reduction of the total number of Enterobacteriaceae) and freezer temperature (for reduction of the total number of microorganisms). For the reduction of the total number of moulds and yeasts, optimal conditions were at room temperature. Ethanol (75%, v/v) was the most effective disinfectant among the tested chemicals regardless of the initial number of microorganisms, with log reduction of 3.2 (for the total number of Enterobacteriaceae), 2.9 log (for the total number of microorganisms), and total reduction of the total number of yeasts and moulds after 10 minutes, for the seeds harvested in 2019, which were far more contaminated than the seeds harvested in 2018. Considering the price of the disinfection method with ethanol, sodium hypochlorite may be a better solution for the reduction of the number of microbiota on the seeds.

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Wright, B., H. R. Rowse, and J. M. Whipps. "Application of Beneficial Microorganisms to Seeds during Drum Priming." Biocontrol Science and Technology 13, no. 6 (2003): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150310001517992.

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Kadlec, P., J. Dostalova, J. Culkova, M. Houska, and J. Strohalm. "Microorganisms baroinactivation of germinated mung bean (green gram) seeds." High Pressure Research 27, no. 1 (2007): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957950601089719.

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Marroni, Igor Villela, Andrea Bittencourt Moura, and Bernardo Ueno. "Chemical and biological treatments of castor bean seeds: effects on germination, emergence and associated microorganisms." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 34, no. 1 (2012): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222012000100003.

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The effect of chemical and biological treatments on castor bean emergence, seedling vigor, dry matter production, and also the control of microorganisms associated with seeds of the AL Guarany 2002 and Lyra cultivars, was evaluated. The products tested were carbendazim + thiram, carboxin + thiram and a product based on Trichoderma. Total seed and seedling emergence were evaluated at 27 days after sowing whereas dry matter production was verified for plants removed 45 days after sowing. The Guarany 2002 AL cultivar had a higher incidence of microorganisms than the Lyra cultivar. The chemical treatment was 100% effective in controlling fungi but the biological treatment did not reduce microorganism incidence on the seeds. Chemical treatment resulted in plants with more dry matter and the best results were for carbendazim + thiram and carboxin + thiram at doses of 60 g + 140 g and 50 g + 50 g/100 kg of seeds, respectively. The carbendazim + thiram mixture was the only treatment which was statistically higher for total emergence whereas the biological treatment increased emergence only for the Lyra cultivar, thus demonstrating its lower efficiency. The importance of fungicides to control pathogens associated with seeds was discussed.

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Munkager, Victoria, Mette Vestergård, Anders Priemé, et al. "AgNO3 Sterilizes Grains of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) without Inhibiting Germination—A Necessary Tool for Plant–Microbiome Research." Plants 9, no. 3 (2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030372.

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To understand and manipulate the interactions between plants and microorganisms, sterile seeds are a necessity. The seed microbiome (inside and surface microorganisms) is unknown for most plant species and seed-borne microorganisms can persist and transfer to the seedling and rhizosphere, thereby obscuring the effects that purposely introduced microorganisms have on plants. This necessitates that these unidentified, seed-borne microorganisms are removed before seeds are used for studies on plant–microbiome interactions. Unfortunately, there is no single, standardized protocol for seed sterilization, hampering progress in experimental plant growth promotion and our study shows that commonly applied sterilization protocols for barley grains using H2O2, NaClO, and AgNO3 yielded insufficient sterilization. We therefore developed a sterilization protocol with AgNO3 by testing several concentrations of AgNO3 and added two additional steps: Soaking the grains in water before the sterilization and rinsing with salt water (1% (w/w) NaCl) after the sterilization. The most efficient sterilization protocol was to soak the grains, sterilize with 10% (w/w) AgNO3, and to rinse with salt water. By following those three steps, 97% of the grains had no culturable, viable microorganism after 21 days based on microscopic inspection. The protocol left small quantities of AgNO3 residue on the grain, maintained germination percentage similar to unsterilized grains, and plant biomass was unaltered. Hence, our protocol using AgNO3 can be used successfully for experiments on plant–microbiome interactions.

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Martínez, Patricio, and Pilar Parada. "BioSigma Bioleaching Seeds (BBS): A New Technology for Managing Bioleaching Microorganisms." Advanced Materials Research 825 (October 2013): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.305.

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In Bioleaching, although it is already prove that chalcopyrite can be dissolved by microorganisms, a major task is to do it efficiently in economical terms at industrial scale. BioSigma Bioleaching Seeds (BBS) represents a biotechnological breakthrough for the production of bioleaching solutions on demand with high concentrations of biomining microorganisms. This innovation is mainly a product based on the encapsulation of BioSigma bioleaching microorganisms in a natural matrix of alginate. This technology gives the following operational advantages: 1. High concentration of inoculum. 2. Long period of inoculum storage (more than 1 year). 3. Reduction of volume and costs of transport of bioleaching solutions. 4. Homogeneous mineral inoculation; uniform inoculation of the ore using solid capsules. 5. Protection against toxic elements to retain the viability and activity of the bioleaching solutions. 6. Addition of additives for incorporation of nutrients or other molecules that enhance the activity. 7. Encapsulation of different bioleaching microorganisms producing specific "bioleaching seeds" for each biohydrometallurgical process. All the above advantages make this new technology a very attractive alternative to enhance bioleaching processes at on site operations and overcome stressful conditions for biomining microorganisms.

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Koizumi, Yukimichi, Kazuko Namiki, Mieko Kawai, Sukie Nishibori, and Mitsuo Namiki. "Antithrombosis Effect of Sesame Seeds and Flour Cultured with Microorganisms." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 54, no. 1 (2007): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.54.9.

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Davoudpour, Yalda, Matthias Schmidt, Federica Calabrese, Hans Hermann Richnow, and Niculina Musat. "High resolution microscopy to evaluate the efficiency of surface sterilization of Zea Mays seeds." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242247.

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Surface sterilization of seeds is a key step in providing microorganisms-free seeds for numerous applications like understanding the role of seed-borne microorganisms in plant development, studying microbial cells-plant interactions by inoculating model microorganisms in a simplified system or selective cultivation of seed endobionts. However applying efficient treatment for surface sterilization of seeds without affecting the plant growth is not an easy task. In this study we aimed to provide an efficient surface sterilization treatment for maize seeds using i) hydrogen peroxide (HP), ii) sodium hypochlorite (SH) and iii) ethanol-sodium hypochlorite (EtOH-SH) under stirring (st) and vacuum-stirring (va-st) conditions. We used fluorescence microscopy and ultra-high resolution Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) as powerful imaging approaches in combination with macroscopic techniques to visualize, quantify and evaluate the efficiency of seed sterilization, quality of root germination, seedlings and root hair development as well as the presence or absence of microorganisms on the root surface. Our results showed a strong reduction in microbial cell numbers of 4 orders of magnitude after the EtOH-SH treatments. Moreover, seeds exposed to EtOH-SH treatments displayed the lowest percentage of microbial growth (50%) and the highest percentage of germinated seeds (100%) compared to other sterilization treatments. HIM imaging proved the absence of microbial cells on the roots grown from seeds exposed to EtOH-SH treatments. Moreover, root hair development seemed not to be affected by any of the sterilization treatments. Our findings demonstrated that EtOH-SH treatments are significantly reducing the abundance of microbial cells from the surface of maize seeds and can be used with high confidence in future studies.

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Mishra, Saroj K., Curt J. Whitenack, and Alan R. Putnam. "Herbicidal Properties of Metabolites from Several Genera of Soil Microorganisms." Weed Science 36, no. 1 (1988): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500074555.

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Metabolites from 906 microbial isolates were evaluated for herbicidal properties. These included 266 isolates ofStreptomyces, 502 isolates of non-Streptomycesactinomycetes representing 18 genera, 28 unidentified aerobic actinomycetes, 70 fungi, and 40 isolates of eubacteria. Metabolites from 72 isolates significantly inhibited germination of cress seeds. In terms of generic specificity and frequency, about 18% of all theStreptomycesandNocardiopsisisolates and 13% ofActinoplanesisolates were toxic to cress (Lepidium sativumL.) seeds. Among other inhibitors were three isolates ofActinomaduraand one isolate each ofMicromonospora, Micropolyspora, Strep to sporangium, Streptoverticillium, andBacillus, and two isolates of unidentified actinomycetes. The toxigenic fungi included two isolates ofPenicilliumand one isolate each ofAspergillus, Scopulariopsis, andPaecilomycesspecies. About half the isolates toxic to cress were toxic to barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galliL. Beauv. # ECHCG) seeds. of the isolates found effective in the secondary screening on the potted weeds, eight belonged to the genusStreptomycesand one was identified asScopulariopsis brumptii. None of the examined isolates ofRhodococcus, Nocardia, Oerskovia, Thermoactinomyces, Thermomonospora, andsix other genera of actinomycetes showed any appreciable toxicity to the seeds of either species.

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Norton, J. M., and G. E. Harman. "Responses of soil microorganisms to volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 6 (1985): 1040–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-142.

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Responses of soil microorganisms to volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds of differing quality were determined. Germination of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii and subsequent hyphal growth were stimulated by exposure to volatiles from aged but not nonaged pea seeds. Hyphae grew preferentially toward aged seeds. In natural soil, bacterial and fungal populations showed significant increases after exposure to volatiles from aged seed. For example, Fusarium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed increases of 79 and 2200%, respectively, over their original population levels after a 48-h exposure to volatiles. Conversely, Pythium populations and associated seed-rotting potential of soil decreased in natural soils exposed to volatiles. In autoclaved soils infested with P. ultimum (PHP4), Pythium populations increased dramatically after exposure to volatiles from aged pea seeds. In soils infested with either soil fungi or bacteria in addition to P. ultimum, Pythium levels remained constant or decreased, respectively, with time of exposure. Exposure to the volatiles from aged pea seeds stimulated soil microbial activity. These results suggest that Pythium germlings, when unable to reach a host, are subjected to microbial antagonism in the presence of the native soil microflora. A decrease in cucumber seed rot coincided with decreases in Pythium numbers.

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Diniz, Kênia Almeida, Paulo de Albuquerque Silva, João Almir Oliveira, and José Renato Emiliorelli Evangelista. "Sweet pepper seed responses to inoculation with microorganisms and coating with micronutrients, aminoacids and plant growth regulators." Scientia Agricola 66, no. 3 (2009): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162009000300002.

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Small sized seeds, such as the horticultural species, have limited quantities of reserves that can be balanced by coating then with essential nutrients for their initial development. In addition, inoculation of the seeds with microorganisms may protect the plants against phytopathogens, thus enhancing their growth. The present work had the objective of evaluate the physiological quality and seedling development of sweet pepper seeds and seedlings coated with several kind of films. Seeds were first coated with polymers and then with antagonistic microorganisms (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma polysporhum, Trichoderma stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae), mycorrhizas, aminoacids, micronutrients and plant growth regulators. Evaluation was performed for percentage of germination and for seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, number of plants, dry mass of the aerial and root parts and height of the seedlings. Inoculation with Trichoderma viride increased the percentage and rate of the seedlings emergence Inoculation with Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium anisopliae and mycorrhizas promote better seedling development; seed microbiolization with microorganisms Trichoderma viride, T. polysporhum, T. stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycorrhizas mixture negatively affected seeds and seedling quality. Seed covering with plant growht regulator, at a 5 mL kg-1 dose increased the roots dry matter.

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Russin, J. S. "Incidence of Microorganisms in Soybean Seeds Damaged by Stink Bug Feeding." Phytopathology 78, no. 3 (1988): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-78-306.

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Kyrychenko, O. V., and K. A. Mokrytskiy. "SOWING PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN SEEDS UNDER THE INTRODUCTION OF DIAZOTROPHIC MICROORGANISMS." Fiziologia rastenij i genetika 49, no. 4 (2017): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/frg2017.04.347.

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BARBER, L., E. A. IBIAMA, and S. C. ACHINEWHU. "Technical note: Microorganisms associated with fermented fluted pumpkin seeds (Telferia occidentalis)." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 24, no. 2 (2007): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb00633.x.

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MAZZONI, ANGELA M., RATNA R. SHARMA, ALI DEMIRCI, and GREGORY R. ZIEGLER. "SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENT TO INACTIVATE AEROBIC MICROORGANISMS ON ALFALFA SEEDS." Journal of Food Safety 21, no. 4 (2001): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2001.tb00320.x.

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Hassani, M. Amine, Ezgi Özkurt, Heike Seybold, Tal Dagan, and Eva H. Stukenbrock. "Interactions and Coadaptation in Plant Metaorganisms." Annual Review of Phytopathology 57, no. 1 (2019): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100008.

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Plants associate with a wide diversity of microorganisms. Some microorganisms engage in intimate associations with the plant host, collectively forming a metaorganism. Such close coexistence with plants requires specific adaptations that allow microorganisms to overcome plant defenses and inhabit plant tissues during growth and reproduction. New data suggest that the plant immune system has a broader role beyond pathogen recognition and also plays an important role in the community assembly of the associated microorganism. We propose that core microorganisms undergo coadaptation with their plant host, notably in response to the plant immune system allowing them to persist and propagate in their host. Microorganisms, which are vertically transmitted from generation to generation via plant seeds, putatively compose highly adapted species and may have plant-beneficial functions. The extent to which plant domestication has impacted the underlying genetics of plant–microbe associations remains poorly understood. We propose that the ability of domesticated plants to select and maintain advantageous microbial partners may have been affected. In this review, we discuss factors that impact plant metaorganism assembly and function. We underline the importance of microbe–microbe interactions in plant tissues, as they are still poorly studied but may have a great impact on plant health.

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Dostálová, J., P. Kadlec, J. Bernášková, M. Houška, and J. Strohalm. "The Changes of &alpha+-Galactosides during Germination and High Pressure Treatment of Legume Seeds." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (2009): S76—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1076-cjfs.

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The α-galactosides negatively affect of grain legumes digestibility. The most effective way of &alpha;-galactosides content decreasing is germination. The contents of &alpha;α-galactosides in legume seeds were decreased by germination up to 16% of original value (lentil). During the germination, the contents of microorganisms are arising to high values. The effective method for decreasing of microorganisms content is high pressure treatment. During the high pressure treatment (500 MPa for 10 min) the further &alpha;-galactosides are decomposed up to 5% of original value (mung bean). The contents of &alpha;-galactosides in high pressure treated germinated seeds were reduced up to 0 (lentil, mung bean) during 14 days storage at the temperature 4–8°C.

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Krzyzanowski, Francisco Carlos, Irineu Lorini, Ademir Assis Henning, and José de Barros França-Neto. "Physiological and sanitary performance of soybean seeds during storage after phosphine fumigation." Journal of Seed Science 41, no. 3 (2019): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v41n3205560.

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Abstract: To maintain the physical, physiological and sanitary qualities of soybean seeds during storage, efficient control of pests must be considered. Fumigation is a technique used to eliminate pests that infest stored seeds, but there is no information on possible toxic effects on the seed and the microorganisms in the seeds fumigated several times during storage. An experiment was conducted to ascertain its effect on germination, viability, and vigor (tetrazolium, accelerated aging, and seedling length tests) and on the microorganisms associated with the soybean seeds. The study was conducted on soybean seeds which were exposed to three phosphine fumigations over the period of 210 days of storage in a completely randomized statistical design. The treatments were three concentrations of phosphine (PH3.m-3) at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g.m-3 and the control without application of phosphine, applied three times on the same group of the seeds throughout the storage period. The fumigation chambers were made of plastic sheet impermeable to phosphine gas. Seed fumigation did not modify the physiological performance of the soybean seeds. It also did not affect the viability of the fungi and bacteria in the seeds.

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SILVA, MARIANA AGUIAR, ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE, MARTA CRISTINA CORSI DE FILIPPI, ANNA CRISTINA LANNA, GISELE BARATA DA SILVA, and JOSÉ FRANCISCO ARRUDA E. SILVA. "INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED GROWTH-PROMOTING MICROORGANISMS AFFECT BIOMASS PRODUCTION, GAS EXCHANGE AND NUTRIENT CONTENT IN SOYBEAN PLANTS." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 3 (2020): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n305rc.

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ABSTRACT The use of beneficial microorganisms in crop systems can contribute to sustainable agriculture by promoting improvements in crop development and grain yield without damaging the environment. However, there is much uncertainty surrounding the effects of using a combination of microorganisms to promote plant development. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of microorganism species individually and in combination on the biomass production, gas exchange and nutrient contents in the shoots and roots of soybean plants. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 30 treatments and three replicates. The treatments consisted of the application of the rhizobacteria BRM 32109, BRM 32110 and 1301 (Bacillussp.); BRM 32111 and BRM 32112 (Pseudomonas sp.); BRM 32113 (Burkholderia sp.); BRM 32114 (Serratia sp.); Ab-V5 (Azospirillum bras ilense) and 1381 (Azospirillum sp.); the fungus Trichoderma asperellum (a mixture of the isolates UFRA. T06, UFRA. T09, UFRA. T12 and UFRA. T52); 19 combinations of these microorganisms, and a control (no microorganisms). At sowing, the soil was treated with Bradyrhizobium, and then the soybean seeds were inoculated. The microorganism suspension was applied in each treatment at 7 days after planting (DAP) in the soil and at 21 DAP on the seedlings. The Trichoderma pool, Ab-V5, 1301 + 32110, 1301 + 32114, 1301 + Ab-V5 and 32110 + Ab-V5 treatments resulted in significantly higher total biomass accumulation in the soybean plants, with values that were, on average, 25% higher than that in the control treatment. Our results suggest that the use of beneficial microorganisms in cropping systems is a promising technique.

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Bezerra, Gabrielle Alves, Afra Vital Matos Dias Gabriel, Eduardo D. Mariano, and Jean Carlos Cardoso. "In vitro culture and greenhouse acclimatization of Oncidium varicosum (Orchidaceae) with microorganisms isolated from its roots." Ornamental Horticulture 25, no. 4 (2019): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v25i4.2046.

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Abstract Sustainable production of orchids may be achieved with the use of symbiotic microorganisms that improve resistance of plants to pests and diseases and reduce the need of substrate fertilization. In this study, one fungus (F1), one yeast (Y1) and one gram-positive bacteria (B+) were isolated from the roots of the orchid Oncidium varicosum and used in the cultivation of protocorms and plantlets obtained from seeds of this species. Cultivation of protocorms in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with sucrose and inoculated with microorganisms did not result in better development of protocorms. However, the use of plantlets in the rooting phase in MS medium without sucrose and inoculated with B+ resulted in plantlets with more leaves and roots and longer shoots and roots, suggesting synergism between microorganism and plant when sucrose is absent. The major benefits of co-cultivating plantlets and these microorganisms were observed in the acclimatization in the greenhouse. Plantlets obtained with oat meal agar medium and B+ showed the highest pseudobulb diameter, number of roots, height and fresh weight among treatments. We concluded that the application of rooting-derived microorganisms in the in vitro culture and plantlet acclimatization of Oncidium varicosum is beneficial.

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Nurdin, Muhammad. "INVENTARISASI BEBERAPA MIKROORGANISME TERBAWA BENIH PADI YANG BERASAL DARI TALANG PADANG, KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS, LAMPUNG." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 3, no. 2 (2003): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2347-50.

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Inventory of seed-borne microorganisms on paddy from District of Talang Padang, Tanggamus Lampung. This study was conducted to inventory microorganisms that infected or contaminated paddy seeds from District of Talang Padang, Lampung. Paddy seed samples were obtained by stratified random sampling method. Six villages were chosen from 28 villages, with six farmers from each village. From each farmer were collected 30 gram paddy seeds. Seventy grams seeds used as the work sample in seed health testing were obtained from 1080 gram of the composite sample. Testing method that been used were blotter test and agar test, then followed by growing-on test. Bacteria and seven genera of fungi were found to be associated with paddy seeds from this study. They were Alternaria, Fusarium. Aspergillus, Curvularia, Mucor, Rhizopus and Penicillium. Virus was not obtained in this study.

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REYES-JURADO, FATIMA, ADDÍ RHODE NAVARRO-CRUZ, JOSUÉ MÉNDEZ-AGUILAR, et al. "High-Intensity Light Pulses To Inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium on Mexican Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 8 (2019): 1272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-577.

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ABSTRACT Chia seeds provide a suitable environment for microorganisms. However, it is difficult to disinfect these seeds with water and/or chemical disinfectant solutions because the mucilage in the seeds can absorb water and consequently form gels. High-intensity light pulses (HILP) is one of the most promising emerging technologies for inactivating microorganisms on surfaces, in clear liquids and beverages, and on solid foods. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of HILP on Salmonella Typhimurium in culture medium (in vitro tests) and inoculated onto chia seeds (in vivo tests). HILP was effective against Salmonella Typhimurium under both conditions: 8 s of treatment (10.32 J/cm2) resulted in a 9-log reduction during in vitro tests, and 15 s of treatment (19.35 J/cm2) resulted in a 4-log reduction on the inoculated chia seeds. Salmonella Typhimurium inactivation kinetics were accurately described using the Weibull model (R2 &gt; 0.939). These results indicate that the use of HILP for microbial inactivation on seeds could generate products suitable for human consumption.

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Eltayeb, Ikram Mohamed, and Abdeen Salim Hamid. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THUJA OCCIDENTALIS SEEDS EXTRACTS AGAINST THE ISOLATED COMMON SKIN INFECTING MICROORGANISMS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 10 (2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i11.21310.

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Objective: This study represents the first attempt to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Thuja occidentalis seeds extracts against the isolated skin infecting microorganisms.Methods: T. occidentalis seeds were powdered and extracted continuously by Soxhlet apparatus using 96% ethanol to obtain the total crude ethanolic extract. The extracts with increasing polarity were successively prepared with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol using the Soxhlet apparatus.The extracts were screened for their phytochemical constituents. Their antimicrobial activity against standards microorganism and the isolated skin infecting microorganisms was evaluated using the agar diffusion method.Results: The result revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial activity result showed that Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were found to be sensitive to the extracts of T. occidentalis seeds with inhibition zones range between 20±0.57-12±1.25 mm. The isolated skin infecting microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were found to be highly susceptible to the extracts of T. occidentalis seeds with inhibition zones of 28±1.02-22±0.45 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 6.25 mg/ml.Conclusion: From the results it concludes, T. occidentalisseeds extracts had a considerable level of antimicrobial activity. They are more effective towards gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. Hence, the active principles present in the extracts are particularly powerful effective against the skin infected isolated bacteria. In conclusion, there is a proportional increasing in the antimicrobial activity with increase of the solvents polarity. This may attribute to the fact that the chemical constituents responsible for the antimicrobial activity are of high polarity, such as tannins.

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Kharlamov, V. A., I. V. Polyakova, and D. I. Petrukhina. "Non-thermal argon plasma biocidal effect on the barley seed microbiota." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-4-20-23.

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The non - thermal argon plasma biocidal effect to be determined by the decrease in the total microbial count (36.7% reduction when barley seeds are treated for 5 minutes) of the surface microbiota has been shown. Microorganisms of the surface microbiota of the studied seeds have been isolated and identified. Plasma treatment is recommended to reduce microbiological contamination of agricultural plant seeds.

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Butscher, Denis, Hanne Van Loon, Alexandra Waskow, Philipp Rudolf von Rohr, and Markus Schuppler. "Plasma inactivation of microorganisms on sprout seeds in a dielectric barrier discharge." International Journal of Food Microbiology 238 (December 2016): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.09.006.

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Kumar Singh, Pradeepta, and Nibedita Mohanta. "A REVIEW ON MICRO-ORGANISMS AS THEY ARE IN VEDAS." Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion 9, no. 1 (2021): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.091140.

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We have seen barren playground on which children play, but in rainy season many types of grasses, plants, weeds etc. grow up. It is possible because the seeds were already present there and waited for a favorable climatic condition. Likewise, the Human body being the micro cosmos contains every elements of creation including the seeds of every species. Our body consists of about 37 million cells and 370 million are microorganisms in it. We can admit that our own body contains microorganisms, innumerable. To be unaware of this fact is quite natural but to ignore this fact will be perplexing.

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Augustyniak, Adrian, Pawel Sikora, Joanna Jablonska, et al. "The effects of calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) seeds on reference microorganisms." Applied Nanoscience 10, no. 12 (2020): 4855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01347-5.

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AbstractBuilding materials are constantly improved with various additives and admixtures in order to achieve goals ranging from obtaining increased durability or antimicrobial activity up to reducing the carbon footprint left by the cement production. Since nanomaterials were proposed for cement products, many studies explored the possibilities for their incorporation. One of the novel trends in studying these materials is evaluating their impact on living organisms, with the focus not only on toxicology but also on the application potential. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of three types of calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) seeds on reference microorganisms in the scope of their basic physiology and primary metabolism. Shape, size and elemental composition of C–S–H seeds were also evaluated. The tests on the reference microorganisms have shown that the reaction to these nanomaterials can be specific and depends on the strain as well as the type of used nanomaterial. Furthermore, the presence of C–S–H seeds in the growth environment led to metabolic stimulation that resulted in faster growth, higher biochemical activity, and increased biofilm formation. Based on our findings, we conclude that even though C–S–H seeds have antimicrobial potential, they can be potentially used to promote the growth of selected microbial strains. This phenomenon could be further investigated towards the formation of beneficial biofilms on building materials.

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Lahati, Betty, Zauzah Abdullatif, Fatmawati Kaddas, and Martini Labaradji. "The Potential of Trichoderma sp. as Biological Agent to Support the Germination of Corn Seeds (Zea Mays)." International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 2, no. 2 (2021): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v2i2.33.

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This research is motivated by the fact that corn seeds in storage are often characterized with low seed viability and infected by diseases so that the seeds grow abnormally and even die. Corn seeds have thick/hard cell walls. It is acknowledged that the corn seed walls contain cellulose, which can be broken down by microorganisms. One such microorganism is the Trichoderma fungus, which is also a biological agent. This study aims to analyze the effect of the biological agents Trichoderma sp. on corn seed germination and identify the best concentration of Trichoderma sp. against corn seed germination. The corn seeds used in this study were locally grown, which had been stored for 6 months. The seed coating (bio seed coating of local corn) was tested at several concentrations of Trichoderma sp. (treatment), namely without treatment (control), 5g, 10g, 15g, and 20g. Each concentration was repeated 4 times, using several parameters to analyze normal sprouts and germination capacity. The analysis results confirmed the potential of Thrichoderma biological agents on corn seed germination. The T1 treatment with 5g Trichoderma biological agents significantly improve corn seed germination.

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Skoczowski, Andrzej, Sebastian W. Przemieniecki, Jakub Oliwa, et al. "Estimation of microbiological contamination of maize seeds using isothermal calorimetry." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 142, no. 2 (2020): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10011-7.

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Abstract The storage of maize seed intended for industrial purposes in foil silo bags is associated with microbiological contamination of the material by bacteria and fungi. This results in the loss of a part of the raw material or its deterioration and causes financial losses. In this paper, the relationship between the number of microorganisms colonizing maize seeds as well as changes in heat flow has been proved. For this purpose, the heat flow and total metabolic heat emission values (total heat) were analyzed. Calorimetric measurements of seed samples were made using the TAM III isothermal calorimeter. The seed samples with the same heat flow curves shape were homogenized, and microbial DNA was isolated from them. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed for detecting the main group of microorganisms colonizing maize seeds. It has been shown that in the case of seeds less affected by Bacillus and fungi (including yeast), the heat flow (in the range of 0–360 min) has a falling shape, while for more infected it grows almost linearly. The more infected maize seeds also show significantly higher values of total heat emission. The described research can be used to quickly assess the degree of seed contamination.

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Sulewska, Hanna, Karolina Ratajczak, Alicja Niewiadomska, and Katarzyna Panasiewicz. "The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2019): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0089.

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AbstractThe agricultural usability of bio-fertilizers, particularly including microbiological seed vaccines meet the recommendations for integrated protection/cultivation applicable in Poland. Combined vaccination seeds with Rhizobium bacteria together with endophitic bacteria from the group of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), increase the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation and therefore stimulate the development and yielding of legume crops. This hypothesis was verified in a series of field experiments with white lupine conducted between 2016 and 2018 at Złotniki, Poland. The one-factor experiment consisted of different variants of inoculation including: seeds uninoculated, inoculated with nitragine, nitroflora, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain, Bacillus subtillis strain and seeds co-inoculated with Rhizobium from nitragine or nitroflora + Pseudomonas fluorescens, or + Bacillus subtillis. The experiment showed a positive response of white lupine to all tested seed vaccinations. The highest seed yield was found after seed inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (from nitragine) and with co-inoculation Rhizobium with Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results indicated that plant height, the development of aboveground parts and roots as well as root nodules and the setting of pods and seeds on the plant increased significantly after seed co-inoculation of Rhizobium derived from the preparation of nitragine with Pseudomonas fluorescens, as compared to the control object without vaccination. A generally positive correlation was found between the number of root nodules, dry mass of nodules and yield, and an especially significant strength of this relationship was found in variant with co-inoculation Rhizobium with Pseudomonas fluorescens.

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KIM, HOIKYUNG, HAEYOUNG KIM, JIHYUN BANG, LARRY R. BEUCHAT, and JEE-HOON RYU. "Synergistic Effect of Chlorine Dioxide and Drying Treatments for Inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Radish Seeds." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 7 (2010): 1225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.7.1225.

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Studies were done to determine whether calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) treatment followed by drying had a synergistic killing effect on microorganisms on radish seeds intended for sprout production. Uninoculated radish seeds and seeds inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 were treated with water, Ca(OCl)2 (free chlorine concentrations of 50 or 200 μg/ml), or ClO2 (50 or 200 μg/ml) for 5 min and subsequently dried at 25°C for up to 24 h. Populations of total aerobic bacteria (TAB), molds and yeasts (MY), and E. coli O157:H7 on the seeds treated with Ca(OCl)2 were not significantly different (P = 0.05) than populations on seeds treated with ClO2 at the same concentrations. However, populations of microorganisms on seeds treated with ClO2 decreased more rapidly during drying. Treatment with ClO2 (200 μg/ml) followed by drying caused reductions in TAB, MY, and E. coli O157:H7 of 3.1, 2.0, and 3.8 log CFU/g, respectively. When seeds were treated with water, Ca(OCl)2 (50 or 200 μg/ml), and ClO2 (50 μg/ml) and subsequently dried, reductions in TAB, MY, and E. coli O157:H7 were 0.2 to 2.0, 0.4 to 2.0, and 1.4 to 2.2 log CFU/g, respectively. Results indicate that inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 on radish seeds is greater after treatment with ClO2 followed by drying than after treatment with Ca(OCl)2 followed by drying, thus providing a synergistic treatment combination for reducing the safety risk associated with sprouts produced from these seeds.

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Bae, Young-Min. "Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Selected Vegetable Seeds and Plant-Pathogenic Microorganisms." Journal of Life Science 23, no. 12 (2013): 1415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.12.1415.

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Achi, O. K. "Microorganisms associated with natural fermentation ofProsopis africana seeds for the production of okpiye." Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 42, no. 4 (1992): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02194090.

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Rodrigues, Vitor Oliveira, Fabiano Ramos Costa, Marcela Carlota Nery, Sara Michelly Cruz, Soryana Gonçalves Ferreira de Melo, and Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho. "Treating sunflower seeds subjected to ozonization." Journal of Seed Science 37, no. 3 (2015): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v37n3148582.

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Abstract:Sunflower crops (Helianthus annuus L.) are a source of pathogens that can be transmitted by means of the seeds. An alternative for the treatment of seeds can be the application of an ozone compound, which has been used in various segments to eliminate microorganisms. Three lots of the Embrapa 122 variety have been used to assess the efficacy of ozone to control pathogens in sunflowers seeds. To typify the profile of the lots we have determined the moisture content, the first germination counting, the germination, the germination speed index, emergence, initial stand, emergence speed index and health. The lots have been stored in an ozone-rich environment for periods of 20, 60 and 120 minutes and without ozone (control). After the treatments, the seeds were tested to assess their health and physiological quality through the said tests as well as a test for accelerating aging, tetrazolium and incidence and severity of fungi. It has been concluded that the treatment for H. annuus seeds, Embrapa 122 variety, with ozone concentration of 1741 ppmv (0.24 g/h), for 60 minutes, reduces the fungal presence of Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. without affecting their physiological potential.

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Bochkarev, Sergiy, Anna Belinska, Oleksandra Varankina, et al. "RESEARCH OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF PROTEIN-FAT MIXTURE FROM FLAX AND SESAME SEEDS FOR NUTRITION OF ATHLETES." EUREKA: Life Sciences 5 (September 17, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2019.001001.

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The aim of the research is to determine the microbiological stability of a protein-fat mixture of flax and sesame seeds that allows to correct its storage life. A protein-fat mixture has a high content of irreplaceable amino acids ВСАА and polyunsaturated fatty acids of w-3group, so it may be positioned as a component of nutrition for athletes. Flax and sesame seeds, cultivated in Ukraine, were used as research materials. The product was created, based on comminuted flax and sesame seeds in ratio 1:1. There were determined organoleptic (outlook, taste, smell, color) and physical-chemical (mass share of moisture, ash, protein, fat, acidic, peroxide, anisidine number) parameters of the product. There was determined the microbiological stability of the protein-fat mixture of the increased food value for athletes nutrition after 6 months. It has been proved, that as opposite to the control sample, the protein-fat mixture of the developed composition manifests its microbiological stability by the following parameters: content of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, molds, yeast, bacteria of the colon bacillus group and pathogenic microorganisms. The control sample that is comminuted flax seeds doesn’t manifest at the end of the storage term any correspondence of microbiological parameters by the content of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, molds, and bacteria of the colon bacillus group. This regularity is explained by the presence of lignans, sesamol and sesamoline, with preservative properties in the developed product. The obtained data may be used for reasoning recipes of products, based on the protein-fat mixture and correction of the food supplements ratio in them.

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Cabrini, Paloma G., Fernando C. Sala, and Márcia M. Rosa Magri. "Torulaspora globosa: rhizosphere yeast promoting lettuce growth on seedlings and under field conditions." Horticultura Brasileira 37, no. 3 (2019): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190303.

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ABSTRACT Among soil microorganisms, one group stands out as beneficial to agricultural activities: a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPM). These microorganisms support plants through phytohormone production, nutrient provision and plant health maintenance. Among these PGPM, yeasts have a high potential, which is still not very well known.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with the rhizosphere yeast Torulaspora globosa (strain 5S55) on development of lettuce (cv. Crocantela). The first research consisted of inoculating seeds with yeast (100 cells/seed), and inoculating seeds, 7 and/or 15 days after emergence (DAE) (1x106 cells/plant). The second one consisted of transplanting seedlings from the first experiment to field. Inoculation of seeds and seedlings provided a significant increase of seedling root dry mass; we observed the significant increase of 27% in productivity of lettuce under field conditions, of shoot fresh mass and a raise of number of leaves per plant. However, studies on inoculation methods, inoculum formulation, cell concentration are essential to optimize the results in growth promotion and to establish technology.

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Calero Hurtado, Alexander, Yanery Pérez Díaz, Dilier Olivera Viciedo, et al. "Effect of different application forms of efficient microorganisms on the agricultural productive of two bean cultivars." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 72, no. 3 (2019): 8927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.76272.

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The use of Efficient Microorganisms (EM) can be an effective alternative to improve plant growth and yield in the bean cultivation. Therefore, different forms of application of efficient microorganisms were evaluated in the production of two cultivars of the common bean from November of 2013 to March of 2014. Two factors were studied; the first one was comprised of the two cultivars, Velazco Largo (VL) and Cuba Cueto (CC-25-9-N). The second factor consisted of four treatments with EM; without EM (control), soil inoculation (100 mL L-1), foliage applications (100 mL L-1), and the combined soil inoculation (100 mL L-1) plus foliar applications (100 mL L-1). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in factorial outline 2×4, with three repetitions. The agronomic indicators were evaluated as the number of leaves per plant, the height of plants, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, the mass of 100 seeds (g) and the yield (t ha-1). The results showed that the different forms of application of efficient microorganisms stimulated the agronomic indicators evaluated in both crops. The associated applications between the inoculation of the soil and foliage applications of efficient microorganisms provided better results, producing increments in the yield of 1.13 t ha-1 in VL and 2.15 t ha-1 in CC-25-9-N.

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Diaz, C. E., D. Daza, and C. I. Arámbula. "Biofertilizing potential of a fertilizer based on cienego and native microorganisms in corn seeds." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1386 (November 2019): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1386/1/012058.

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Kim, Sang Woo, Byeong Heon Gwon, Han Jun Ju, et al. "Antimicrobial Activities of Nano Metal Hybrid Materials against the Microorganisms Isolated from Cucurbit Seeds." Research in Plant Disease 25, no. 4 (2019): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2019.25.4.179.

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Khamova, O. F., E. V. Tukmacheva, N. F. Balabanova, and N. N. Shuliko. "INFLUENCE OF RISOAGRINE SEED INOCULATION ON RHIZOAGRINE MICROFLORA AND WINTER WHEAT YIELDS IN WESTERN SIBERIA FOREST-STEPPE." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2020-55-2-60-68.

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The researchers conduct the field stationary experiment with the use of mineral fertilizers and straw in the grain and steam crop rotation with the withdrawal field of alfalfa and study the number of microflora in the rhizosphere of winter wheat of the new variety Priirtyshskaya after treatment of seeds with biospecimen of complex effect - risoagrine. The highest number of useful crop groups of microorganisms was observed in the variant with inoculation of crop seeds by risoagrine on the basis of applying mineral fertilizers, as well as in combination of inoculation techniques, application of mineral fertilizers and straw (N15P23 + straw + inoculation), respectively, 444 and 355 million UU/yr with 217 million UU/yr in the control group. In the variant with inoculation of winter wheat seeds by mineral fertilizers (N15P23 + inoculation), the number ofoligonitrophils and bacteria, mineralizing mineral phosphates, increased by 2.2 times, nitrifiers - by 60%, microorganisms that utilize organic nitrogen compounds on MPA - by 39, consuming mineral nitrogen on CAA - by 73% compared to the control group. The celluloseolytic soil activity under winter wheat sowing in variants N15P23 + inoculation and N15P23 + straw + inoculation increased to 66.5-67.0%, exceeded the control group by 1.7 times. The highest increase in the crop’s grains was observed in the combination of mineral, organic (straw) and bacterial (rizoagrine) fertilizers - 40.3% in comparison with the control group. Additional nitrogen removal by winter wheat crop due to the activity of associative diazotrophs varied from 6 to 16.5 kg/ha. Correlative relations of high (r=0.84-0.91) and average (r=0.62-0.72) degree of microorganisms in the rhizosphere were observed among the indicators of crop yield and number of microorganisms. The closest correlation took place between the value of winter wheat grain yield and the number of bacteria growing on MPA, including ammonifiers, and the yield and number of nitrifying bacteria.

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Vasconcelos, Michelle Conceição, Joel Conceição Costa, Renata Silva-Mann, Andréa Dos Santos Oliveira, Claudio Das Neves Vieira Bárbara, and Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho. "Image analysis and health of Moringa oleifera seeds." Comunicata Scientiae 9, no. 4 (2019): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v9i4.2980.

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Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa) is a tree species with the potential for use in biofuel production. However, knowledge regarding the morphology and physiology of its seeds is needed to establish field production. The goals of the present study were to investigate the internal morphology of seeds by X-ray and to identify the fungal microorganisms present in the seeds. Two hundred seeds from two trees were analyzed. The morphological characterization of the seeds was performed using an X-ray chamber with an X-ray source operated at 22 kV for 14.8 s. The fungi were identified using the blotter test. The seeds were characterized as (a) full and well formed, (b) with internal space and poorly formed and (c) stained or damaged. The malformed seeds with an internal space showed the highest incidence (55%). The results indicated that X-ray tests are valid for the internal characterization of moringa seed morphology. The fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Phomopsis sp. occurred in moringa seeds.

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Witkowicz, Robert, Wioletta Biel, Joanna Chłopicka, et al. "Biostimulants and Microorganisms Boost the Nutritional Composition of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Sprouts." Agronomy 9, no. 8 (2019): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080469.

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This study investigated the influence of biological control agents and plant growth promoters on the chemical composition of the cultivars Panda and Kora buckwheat sprouts. Before sowing, seeds were soaked in solutions containing Bacillus subtilis bacteria, Pythium oligandrum oospores, Ecklonia maxima algae extract, and/or nitrophenols. The sprouts of the Panda displayed higher levels of protein, fat, and dietary fiber fractions than the Kora. Measurable effects of biological control agents (BCAs) and plant growth promoters (PGPs) on the chemical composition of sprouts were also confirmed. Soaking the seeds in a solution containing P. oligandrum oospores resulted in a decrease in the level of crude ash in sprouts, while the addition of nitrophenols increased the level of both crude ash and protein. We also found statistically significant effects of interactions between the cultivar and BCA and/or PGP for each of the examined components.

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Petrović, Bojana, Simonida Đurić, Mirjana Vasić, Vesna Tunguz, and Robert Pokluda. "Effect of Bean Cultivars on Soil Microorganisms." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010155.

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The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological activity in soil under beans in organic and conventional production. Organic production was conducted on the field in the village Pivnice (Serbia), while conventional production was conducted in the village Curug (Serbia) during 2014 on the chernosem type soil. Cultivars of beans Belko, Dvadesetica, Maksa, Slavonac, Sremac, Zlatko were used. Before sowing, the bean seeds were inoculated by biofertilizers NS-Nitragin. NS-Nitragin contains a mixture of selected strains of symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. The total number of actinomycetes, ammonifiers, Azotobacter, bacteria and fungi were determined. At the end of vegetation period in conventional production the highest number of actinomycetes (5.83) and fungi (4.87) was recorded in cultivar Dvadesetica. In organic production the highest number of ammonifires was in cultivar Sremac (9.91). The highest number of bacteria was in cultivar Dvadesetica (9.08) and the highest number of fungi was in cultivar Zlatko (5.14). The results have shown that number of microorganisms was higher in organic production.

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WADE, W. N., A. J. SCOUTEN, K. H. McWATTERS, et al. "Efficacy of Ozone in Killing Listeria monocytogenes on Alfalfa Seeds and Sprouts and Effects on Sensory Quality of Sprouts†." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 1 (2003): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.1.44.

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A study was done to determine the efficacy of aqueous ozone treatment in killing Listeria monocytogenes on inoculated alfalfa seeds and sprouts. Reductions in populations of naturally occurring aerobic microorganisms on sprouts and changes in the sensory quality of sprouts were also determined. The treatment (10 or 20 min) of seeds in water (4°C) containing an initial concentration of 21.8 ± 0.1 μg/ml of ozone failed to cause a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in populations of L. monocytogenes. The continuous sparging of seeds with ozonated water (initial ozone concentration of 21.3 ± 0.2 μg/ml) for 20 min significantly reduced the population by 1.48 log10 CFU/g. The treatment (2 min) of inoculated alfalfa sprouts with water containing 5.0 ± 0.5, 9.0 ± 0.5, or 23.2 ± 1.6 μg/ml of ozone resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions of 0.78, 0.81, and 0.91 log10 CFU/g, respectively, compared to populations detected on sprouts treated with water. Treatments (2 min) with up to 23.3 ± 1.6 μg/ml of ozone did not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) reduce populations of aerobic naturally occurring microorganisms. The continuous sparging of sprouts with ozonated water for 5 to 20 min caused significant reductions in L. monocytogenes and natural microbiota compared to soaking in water (control) but did not enhance the lethality compared to the sprouts not treated with continuous sparging. The treatment of sprouts with ozonated water (20.0 μg/ml) for 5 or 10 min caused a significant deterioration in the sensory quality during subsequent storage at 4°C for 7 to 11 days. Scanning electron microscopy of uninoculated alfalfa seeds and sprouts showed physical damage, fungal and bacterial growth, and biofilm formation that provide evidence of factors contributing to the difficulty of killing microorganisms by treatment with ozone and other sanitizers.

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Sarlistyaningsih, L., K. Sivasithamparam, and TL Setter. "The role of limited oxygen supply and soil microorganisms on germination and survival of lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Gungurru) in waterlogged soil." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 3 (1996): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960323.

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The role of limited oxygen supply and soil microorganisms in the germination and survival of lupin seeds was studied in waterlogged soil and in solution culture at low oxygen pressures. Oxygen pressures in soil solutions decreased with time in all waterlogged soil treatments and in stagnant solution culture containing seeds. No seeds germinated in unsterilised waterlogged soil, but up to 95% of seeds germinated after 6 days in sterilised waterlogged soil. Germination and survival of seeds decreased significantly with time in solution cultures at 0 or 2 kPa O2, but remained high at 21 kPa O2. These solution culture studies confirmed that low oxygen supply in soil during waterlogging, which resulted mainly from activity of micro-oganisms, was the major factor causing the reduction in survival of lupin seed in waterlogged soil.

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Sanogo, S., and N. Puppala. "Microorganisms Associated with Valencia Peanut Affected by Pod Rot in New Mexico." Peanut Science 39, no. 2 (2012): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps11-25.1.

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Abstract Pod rot of peanut is a disease that occurs worldwide. Soilborne pathogens typically causing pod rot include Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Pythium spp. Although pod rot is known to occur in New Mexico, no etiological study has been conducted on this disease. In 2005 and 2006, 14 Valencia peanut fields were surveyed in eastern New Mexico where the majority of Valencia peanut is produced. The primary focus of the study was to isolate and identify microorganisms associated with pod rot. The secondary focus of the study was to characterize microorganisms from roots and stems from the same plants selected for pod rot assessment. Peanut plants were collected and processed for isolation of microorganisms by plating seeds, pieces of hull, root, and stem on acidified potato dextrose agar. In both years, the average incidence of pods with hull discoloration or pod rot symptoms varied from 55–60 to over 90%, and disease severity ranged from 5 to over 90% across all fields surveyed. A diverse group of microorganisms representing more than 10 fungal and Oomycete genera were recovered from all plant part tissues, with R. solani as the most predominantly isolated mycelial microorganism. Rhizoctonia solani was found in all fields with average frequency of isolation from approximately 20 to 27% for pod tissue, 19 to 36% for root, and 20 to 27% for stem. In controlled-environment studies, all isolates of R. solani from different plant parts were shown to be pathogenic to Valencia peanut. This etiological study is the first in New Mexico to provide an insight into microorganisms associated with peanut affected by pod rot. Breeding Valencia peanuts for resistance to Rhizoctonia pod rot should be a priority.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microorganisms – Seeds'

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