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Journal articles on the topic 'Microphallidae'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Al-Kandari, W. Y., S. A. Al-Bustan, M. Alnaqeeb, and A. M. Isaac. "PCR-based molecular discrimination betweenMaritrema eroliaeandProbolocoryphe uca(Digenea: Microphallidae) in Kuwait Bay." Journal of Helminthology 88, no. 2 (January 7, 2013): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000892.

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AbstractMicrophallid trematodes are common parasites in marine snails and crustacean hosts at Kuwait Bay. The larval stages of two microphallids,Maritrema eroliaeandProbolocoryphe uca, are difficult to differentiate morphologically. In this study, two PCR-based techniques were established for quick and accurate discrimination between the larval stages of the two microphallid species, employing restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and species-specific primers. Both techniques utilized nucleotide differences in the second internal transcribed region (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in the two species. For the PCR-RFLP technique, restriction enzymeAvaII was selected and it generated different restriction profiles among the two microphallids. In addition, species-specific primers were prepared for each microphallid species that amplified distinctive fragments. Both techniques showed that the larval stages of the two microphallid species can be identified accurately. However, direct PCR amplification using species-specific primers was more advantageous than the PCR-RFLP technique since it allowed rapid and specific discrimination between the two species. This technique provides a useful tool that can be used in future studies for the study of the distribution of microphallid species and their definitive hosts at different localities of Kuwait Bay.

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2

Lee, J., M. A. Medlin, and S. T. Dunn. "Histochemical characteristics of the metacercarial cyst wall of Gynaecotyla adunca." Journal of Helminthology 69, no. 3 (September 1995): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00014176.

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AbstractThe cyst wall of the metacercaria of Gynaecotyla adunca (Microphallidae: Digenea) was subjected to comprehensive histochemical analysis. At the light microscope level, a uniformly thick, bipartite cyst wall, probably wholly of parasite origin, was evident. Structural modification of the cyst wall to provide an escape aperture was not apparent. The thicker, inner layer was comprised of phospholipid and glyco- and/or mucoproteins, possibly similar in structure to collagen. The outer layer was highly proteinaceous and contained additional amounts of acidic and neutral mucosubstances. The results are discussed in the context of previous observations regarding the excystment requirements of this microphallid species.

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3

Suhad Y Jassim, Noor Hussein Yousif, and Zainab A Makawi. "Revision of some trematodes (Plagiorchiida: Microphallidae) from different birds in Iraq." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.2.0139.

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The adult worms of the Microphallidae family are mainly found as intestinal parasites of birds and mammals, while metacercariae is most commonly found in decapodal crustaceans. The Microphallidaeare family is spread throughout the world. It includes approximately 47 genera. Mature worms usually enter the digestive system of vertebrates, especially birds and mammals. Microphallidae contain eight subfamilies: Androcotylinae - Basantisiinae - Endocotylinae - Gynaecotylinae - Levinseniellinae - MaritrematinaeMicrophallinae - Sphairiotrematinae. Therefore, due to the lack of studies on the Microphallidae family in Iraq, we began to develop a database on this important family.

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4

Al-Kandari, W. Y., J. Abdul-Salam, and R. Meakins. "Temporal variations in the infection of a population of Cerithidea cingulata by larval trematodes in Kuwait Bay." Journal of Helminthology 74, no. 1 (March 2000): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00000032.

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AbstractThe prosobranch gastropod Cerithidea cingulata (Gastropoda: Potamididae) in Kuwait Bay was examined for larval trematode infections over a 17-month period. A total of 2537 snails were examined and 1265 (49.9%) found to be infected with one or more species of trematodes. The component community in the snail comprised 12 species representing the families Cyathocotylidae (2), Echinostomatidae (2), Haplosplanchnidae (1), Heterophyidae (2), Microphallidae (1), Philophthalmidae (2), Plagiorchiidae (1) and Schistosomatidae (1). Cyathocotylid II (41.6%) was by far the most prevalent species followed by the microphallid (3.9%), the two species comprised 90% of the total trematode fauna. The prevalence of infection increased with shell size and was significantly higher in male (47%) than female (33%) snails. Multiple infections were observed in only 15 (1.2%) of the infected snails; cyathocotylid I and cyathocotylid II combination occurred 14 times and heterophyid I and the microphallid occurred once. Trematode species were more diverse and prevalent in winter, and cercarial shedding peaked in summer. Behaviour of the definitive host and snail population dynamics were probably the major contributors to the detected temporal pattern in the infections.

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5

Goswami, L. M., P. K. Prasad, D. K. Biswal, A. Chatterjee, and V. Tandon. "Crustacean-borne infections with microphallid metacercariae (Digenea: Microphallidae) from focal areas in Meghalaya, north-east India." Journal of Helminthology 87, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000260.

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AbstractDuring a survey of edible Crustacea for recovery of infective stages (metacercariae) of potential helminthozoonoses of trematode origin in north-east India, the crab species Barytelphusa lugubris mansoniana, collected from suspected foci of lungfluke infection in Meghalaya and Assam, was found to harbour metacercarial cysts that were different from the earlier reported infection, in which the lungfluke Paragonimus was confirmed to be implicated. Using morphological criteria, this metacercaria was identified as Microphallus indicus Mukherjee & Ghosh, 1967 of the trematode family Microphallidae. The present study extends the previous work by providing molecular characterization of this parasite using ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (rDNA ITS1 and ITS2) and the partial large ribosomal subunit DNA, lsr. These target regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using trematode universal primers and sequenced. In BLAST analysis the query sequences were found close to members of Microphallidae and closest to the genus Microphallus.

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6

Galaktionov, Kirill V., and Isabel Blasco-Costa. "Microphallus ochotensis sp. nov. (Digenea, Microphallidae) and relative merits of two-host microphallid life cycles." Parasitology Research 117, no. 4 (February 3, 2018): 1051–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5782-1.

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7

Deblock, S., and A. Bush. "Contribution a l’étude des microphallidae(Trematoda), XXXV :." Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 60, no. 2 (1985): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1985602123.

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8

Lim, Do-Seon, Ki-Ju Choi, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai, Il-Yong Park, Yun-Kyu Park, and Min Seo. "Tegumental Ultrastructure of Adult Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae)." Korean Journal of Parasitology 46, no. 2 (2008): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.87.

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9

Deblock, S., and A. Canaris. "Contribution à l’étude des Microphallidae Travassos, 1920 (Trematoda)." Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 66, no. 5 (1991): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1991665204.

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10

Kinsella, J. M., and S. Deblock. "Contribution à l'étude des microphallidae travassos, 1920 (trematoda)." Parasite 1, no. 1 (March 1994): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1994011045.

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11

Galaktionov, K. V., S. A. Bulat, I. A. Alekhina, D. H. Saville, S. M. Fitzpatrick, and S. W. B. Irwin. "Evolutionary relationships within ‘pygmaeus’ group microphallids using genetic analysis and scanning electron microscopy." Journal of Helminthology 78, no. 3 (September 2004): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2004245.

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AbstractThere are four species of ‘pygmaeus’ microphallids, namely Microphallus pygmaeus, M. piriformes, M. pseudopygmaeus and M. triangulatus (Trematoda: Microphallidae) which are parasites of marine birds and their sporocysts give rise to transmissible metacercariae inside littoral gastropods (mostly littorines). Universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) showed no apparent pattern between genetic diversity of the metacercariae as estimated by genomic banding profiles and their geographic region or molluscan host species. At the same time UP-PCR product cross-hybridization showed that M. pseudopygmaeus and M. triangulatus are genetically very similar, indicating that these taxa represent one species complex. In contrast, M. pygmaeus and M. piriformes are genetically well separated from each other and also from the pseudopygmaeus–triangulatus complex. Scanning electron microscopy of ventral spines, and analyses of spine angles and the number of teeth per spine, showed that all species differed significantly from one another. It was concluded that M. piriformes represents the original western member of the ‘pygmaeus’ group. Microphallus pygmaeus probably diverged from M. piriformes as it progressively specialized for sea duck final hosts. Microphallus pseudopygmaeus and M. triangulatus diverged from each other and the piriformes–pygmaeus ancestral line relatively recently. Microphallus pseudopygmaeus specialized for adoption of a wide range of gastropod host species and M. triangulatus developed morpho-functional specialization associated with final host exploitation.

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12

Świderski, Zdzisław, Abdoulaye J. S. Bakhoum, Isabel Montoliu, Carlos Feliu, David I. Gibson, and Jordi Miquel. "Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis in Maritrema feliui (Digenea, Microphallidae)." Parasitology Research 109, no. 6 (May 15, 2011): 1707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2444-y.

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13

Leiva, Natalia, Mario George-Nascimento, and Gabriela Muñoz. "Parasite burden in decapod crustaceans from the central coast of Chile: is there any association with the relationship with definitive host abundances?" Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 43, no. 4 (February 28, 2017): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol43-issue4-fulltext-11.

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Crustaceans play an important role in parasite life cycles, serving as second intermediate hosts. However, there are scarce parasitological studies in crustaceans from the rocky intertidal habitats, in Chile and around de world. In this study we aimed to record the parasites in decapod crustaceans, compare their parasitic loads between localities and relate them with the abundance of the definitive hosts (fishes and birds). Between July and September 2013, 409 crustacean specimens, corresponding to 16 species, were collected from the rocky intertidal zone of two localities of central Chile (33°S), Las Cruces and Montemar. Of out the sample, 65.5% was parasitized; counting 2,410 metacercariae and 18 nematodes. One group of these metacercariae belonged to the family Opecoelidae; while others corresponded to the family Microphallidae. Nematodes belonged to the family Cystidicolidae. The highest prevalence and abundance of opecoelids were in P. violaceus (96.9%, 13.59 ± 17.50 parasites/crustacean), microphallids were mostly recorded in the crab Petrolisthes tuberculosus (42.3%, 11.08 ± 4.8 parasites/crustacean), while cystidicolids were less prevalent and abundant than digenean at both localities. Parasite loads was affected by body size, locality and species of crustacean hosts. No association was found between parasite loads in these intermediate hosts and the abundance of definitive hosts. The low relationships between parasite loads and host abundances may be due to several reasons, such as a wide trophic spectrum and great capacity of movement, which would not contribute to the parasite transmission and the direct relationship with the definitive host abundances.

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14

Tkach, Vasilij V. "Maritrema neomi n. sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Water Shrews (Neomys)." Journal of Parasitology 84, no. 4 (August 1998): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3284601.

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15

Chung, Ok-Sik, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, and Hye-Jung Lee. "Discovery ofMaritrema obstipum(Digenea: Microphallidae) from Migratory Birds in Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 49, no. 4 (2011): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.457.

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16

Белоусова, Ю. В. "Жизненный цикл трематоды Gynaecotyla adunca (Trematoda: Microphallidae) в Черном море." Известия Российской академии наук. Серия биологическая, no. 5 (2021): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102634702105005x.

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17

Hendow, Hend T., and B. L. James. "Ultrastructure of spermatozoon and spermatogenesis in Maritrema linguilla (Digenea: Microphallidae)." International Journal for Parasitology 18, no. 1 (February 1988): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(88)90036-7.

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18

Galaktionov, Kirill V., and Karl Skirnisson. "New data on Microphallus breviatus Deblock & Maillard, 1975 (Microphallidae: Digenea) with emphasis on the evolution of dixenous life cycles of microphallids." Parasitology Research 100, no. 5 (November 21, 2006): 963–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0359-9.

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19

Dronen, N. O., J. E. Badley, M. R. Tehrany, and W. J. Wardle. "Endocotyle bushi (Trematoda: Microphallidae) from Willets, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus from Galveston, Texas." Journal of Parasitology 84, no. 6 (December 1998): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3284690.

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20

Díaz, M. T., A. K. Bashirullah, and L. E. Hernández. "A new species of Microphallus (Trematoda: Microphallidae) from Venezuela." Revista de Biología Tropical 52, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v52i2.15251.

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21

Deblock, S., and A. G. Canaris. "Microphallidae, Trematoda : XLVIII. - Quatre Maritrema du groupe Eroliae parasites d'Oiseaux australiens." Parasite 3, no. 4 (December 1996): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1996034357.

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22

Deblock, Stéphane, and Albert G. Canaris. "Megistospermaticus kenyensis n. comb. pour Microphallus kenyensis Canaris, 1971 (Digenea: Microphallidae)." Systematic Parasitology 43, no. 1 (May 1999): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1006129427514.

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23

Galaktionov, K. V., and I. I. Malkova. "The glands of trematode cercariae of the family microphallidae travassos, 1920." International Journal for Parasitology 24, no. 4 (July 1994): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(94)90151-1.

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24

Deblock, Stéphane, Albert G. Canaris, and John M. Kinsella. "Microphallidae (Digenea) d'Afrique du Sud, Parasites de Charadrii (Aves). Seconde Note." Systematic Parasitology 57, no. 2 (February 2004): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:sypa.0000013856.03227.bc.

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25

Irwin, S. W. B., J. G. Maguire, and D. H. Saville. "Identification of the cercarial stage ofMaritrema arenaria(syn.M. gratiosum) (Trematoda: Microphallidae)." Journal of Natural History 24, no. 4 (August 1990): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939000770591.

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26

Mouritsen, K. N. "TheHydrobia ulvae–Maritrema subdolumassociation: cercarial emergence controlled by host activity." Journal of Helminthology 76, no. 4 (December 2002): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2002137.

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AbstractThe release ofMaritrema subdolumcercariae (Digenea: Microphallidae) from the marine mud snailHydrobia ulvaeis significantly affected by temperature, salinity, light and exudates from the second intermediate amphipod host. Based on (i) previously published data on temperature–salinity dependentH. ulvaeactivity, (ii) new experimental data onH. ulvaeactivity in light and darkness as well as in the presence and absence of host exudates, and (iii) the cercarial emergence rate from free moving snails and snails prevented from crawling, the present analysis indicates that emergence ofM. subdolumlarvae is regulated mainly by host activity as the ultimate factor for release. The adaptive significance of such an emergence strategy is emphasized.

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27

GALAKTIONOV, KIRILL V., ISABEL BLASCO-COSTA, and PETER D. OLSON. "Life cycles, molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the ‘pygmaeus’ microphallids (Digenea: Microphallidae): widespread parasites of marine and coastal birds in the Holarctic." Parasitology 139, no. 10 (May 1, 2012): 1346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012000583.

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SUMMARYThe ‘pygmaeus’ microphallids (MPG) are a closely related group of 6 digenean (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) Microphallus species that share a derived 2-host life cycle in which metacercariae develop inside daughter sporocysts in the intermediate host (intertidal and subtidal gastropods, mostly of the genus Littorina) and are infective to marine birds (ducks, gulls and waders). Here we investigate MPG transmission patterns in coastal ecosystems and their diversification with respect to historical events, host switching and host-parasite co-evolution. Species phylogenies and phylogeographical reconstructions are estimated on the basis of 28S, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA data and we use a combination of analyses to test the robustness and stability of the results, and the likelihood of alternative biogeographical scenarios. Results demonstrate that speciation within the MPG was not associated with co-speciation with either the first intermediate or final hosts, but rather by host-switching events coincident with glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere during the late Pliocene/Pleistocene. These resulted in the expansion of Pacific biota into the Arctic-North Atlantic and periodic isolation of Atlantic and Pacific populations. Thus we hypothesize that contemporary species of MPG and their host associations resulted from fragmentation of populations in regional refugia during stadials, and their subsequent range expansion from refugial centres during interstadials.

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28

Alda, Pilar, Nicolás Bonel, Ryan F. Hechinger, and Sergio R. Martorelli. "Maritrema orensenseandMaritrema bonaerense(Digenea: Microphallidae): Descriptions, Life Cycles, and Comparative Morphometric Analyses." Journal of Parasitology 99, no. 2 (April 2013): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-3238.1.

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29

Abdul-Salam, J., and B. S. Sreelatha. "Surface morphology of Probolocoryphe uca (Sarkisian, 1957) (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Kuwait Bay." Systematic Parasitology 46, no. 3 (July 2000): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1006394104481.

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30

Hendow, Hend T., and B. L. James. "Ultrastructure of vitellarium, vitellogenesis and associated ducts in Maritrema linguilla (Digenea: Microphallidae)." International Journal for Parasitology 19, no. 5 (August 1989): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(89)90078-7.

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31

Ahmad, R. A., and B. L. James. "Site selection byMicrophallus pygmaeus Levinsen, 1881 (Trematoda: Microphallidae) in the laboratory mouse." Parasitology Research 73, no. 3 (1987): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00578513.

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32

Deblock, S., and J. C. Pearson. "Contribution � l'�tude des Microphallidae (Trematoda), XXXVI,Mochliscotrema n. g. (Gynaecotylinae, Basantisiini)." Systematic Parasitology 8, no. 3 (August 1986): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009886.

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33

Irwin, S. W. B., and D. H. Saville. "Cultivation and development of Microphallus pygmaeus (Trematoda: Microphallidae) in fertile chick eggs." Parasitology Research 74, no. 4 (1988): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00539465.

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34

Capasso, Sofia, Verónica L. D’Amico, and Julia I. Diaz. "A new species of Maritrema (Trematoda: Microphallidae) parasitizing the Baird’s sandpiper Calidris bairdii, and comments about diversity of Microphallidae in two Nearctic shorebirds at Patagonian sites in Argentina." Acta Tropica 189 (January 2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.09.018.

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35

Wang, C. L., and F. Thomas. "Egg production by metacercariae of Microphallus papillorobustus: a reproductive insurance?" Journal of Helminthology 76, no. 3 (September 2002): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2002115.

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AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether metacercariae of Microphallus papillorobustus (Trematoda: Microphallidae) produce eggs by self-fertilization when their intermediate host, the gammarid Gammarus insensibilis, dies before being eaten by predatory definitive hosts. Such a mechanism would allow the parasite to reproduce even if transmission fails. The percentage of metacercariae that produced eggs and the mean number of eggs were significantly higher in metacercariae placed in a Ringer's solution compared with those in salt water or metacercariae remaining inside the dead gammarid. The lack of egg production in metacercariae removed from dead gammarids in the field supported the idea that self-fertilization is not, for this parasite, a mechanism of reproductive insurance when establishment in the definitive hosts fails.

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36

Guk, Sang-Mee, Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, You-Me Kim, Seobo Sim, and Min Seo. "Microphallus koreana n. sp. (Trematoda: Microphallidae) Transmitted by a Marine Crab, Macrophthalmus dilatatus." Korean Journal of Parasitology 46, no. 3 (2008): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.165.

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37

Bell, PJ. "A study of the life history of Microphallus paragrapsi Smith 1983 (Trematoda : Microphallidae)." Papers and Proceedings of The Royal Society of Tasmania 122, no. 2 (1988): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.122.2.119.

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38

Belousova, Yu V. "Life Cycle of the Trematode Gynaecotyla adunca (Trematoda: Microphallidae) in the Black Sea." Biology Bulletin 48, no. 5 (September 2021): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359021050058.

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39

Pina, Susana M. R., Fernanda Russell-Pinto, and Pedro Rodrigues. "CLARIFICATION OF CERCARIA SEVILLANA (DIGENEA: MICROPHALLIDAE) LIFE CYCLE USING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DATA." Journal of Parasitology 93, no. 2 (April 2007): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-836r1.1.

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40

Belousova, Y. V. "Life Cycle of the Trematode Maritrema misenense (Trematoda: Microphallidae) in the Black Sea." Biology Bulletin 49, no. 5 (October 2022): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359022050041.

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41

KOEHLER, ANSON V., ANNA G. GONCHAR, and ROBERT POULIN. "Genetic and environmental determinants of host use in the trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis (Microphallidae)." Parasitology 138, no. 1 (July 21, 2010): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182010001022.

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SUMMARYFactors constraining host specificity are poorly understood. Intraspecific variation in host preferences in generalist parasites may reveal which factors affect patterns of host use, and thus the evolution of specialization. Here, laboratory experiments examined genetic variation in host preferences and the effect of a refugium against infection on host use. Firstly, 6 cercarial clones of the trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis (ranging widely in heterozygosities) were exposed simultaneously to 2 alternative hosts, the amphipods Heterophoxus stephenseni and Paracalliope novizealandiae, to assess host preferences and fitness correlations with parasite heterozygosity. All clones showed a distinct preference for H. stephenseni, though the extent of this preference varied among clones. No clear association was found between heterozygosity and either parasite infection success or preference for a particular host. Secondly, cercariae were exposed to the same 2 amphipods in both the presence and absence of sand (refugium for H. stephenseni). Without sand, infection levels were significantly higher in H. stephenseni than in P. novizealandiae. With sand, H. stephenseni was able to hide, offsetting the parasite's intrinsic preferences for this host. These results demonstrate the existence of genetic variation in host preferences, as well as the effect of environmental variables on observed patterns of host use.

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42

Kremnev, Georgii A., and Sergei V. Shchenkov. "Histological description of Cercaria etgesii Shchenkov, 2017 daughter sporocysts (Trematoda: Pleurogenidae): compartmentalization of the brood cavity and germinal mass morphology." Acta Parasitologica 63, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0036.

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AbstractMorphology of the daughter sporocysts ofCercaria etgesiiShchenkov, 2017 (Pleurogenidae) has been described according to conventional histological techniques and subsequent 3D reconstruction with Bitplanelmaris® software. Novel data were obtained concerning the spatial organization of the brood cavity of Pleurogenidae daughter sporocysts. It was shown that the laminated structures of the endocyst are lining the brood cavity and carry out its compartmentalisation by formation of the chambers around developing and disintegrating embryos of cercariae. First description of the germinal mass of the Pleurogenidae daughter sporocysts is given. No mitoses in germinal mass were evident although apparent production of the cercariae embryos by the sporocysts take place. The analogous principle of daughter sporocysts morphofunctional organisation was noted for the studied representatives of closely related taxa of trematodes: Pleurogenidae (C.etgesii) and Microphallidae (Microphallus‘pygmaeus’ group).

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Galaktionov, K. V., I. I. Malkova, S. W. B. Irwin, D. H. Saville, and J. G. Maguire. "The structure and formation of metacercarial cysts in the trematode family Microphallidae Travassos 1920." Journal of Helminthology 71, no. 1 (March 1997): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00000730.

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AbstractThis study deals with the formation of the metacercarial cysts of four microphallid trematodes, Maritrema subdolum, M. arenaria, Levinseniella brachysoma and Microphallus claviformis. The first observable cyst was present around Maritrema arenaria 18 h p.i. (post-infection). The other species had not developed a cyst by day 8 p.i. but their cysts were apparent by day 16 p.i. These were bi-layered and that of M. subdolum was thicker than those of L. brachysoma and Microphallus claviformis of the same age. The structure of older cysts varied substantially between the four species. Microphallus claviformis and Maritrema subdolum cysts were fully formed at 30 days p.i. Like those of M. arenaria they were bi-layered, the outer layer (up to 3 μm thick) being electron-dense and the inner one (up to 7 μm thick) being less electron-dense. The cysts of fully formed L. brachysoma metacercariae were much more complex, composed of four layers, one of which was divisible into three sub-layers. It was concluded that the outer cyst layer was the product of secretory granules which were previously identified in cercarial tegument. The inner, thicker layer was derived from several sources. These included small tegument vesicles produced over the entire surface of the metacercariae, larger fragments of tegument released from the anterio-ventral region and material liberated from the metacercarial excretory bladder. This heterogeneous material accumulated in the cyst lumen for some time before becoming polymerized to form the thick inner layer or layers of the metacercarial cysts.

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Kostadinova, Aneta, Claude Vaucher, and David I. Gibson. "Megalophallus deblocki n. sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot) (Aves: Accipitridae) in Paraguay." Systematic Parasitology 63, no. 2 (February 2006): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-005-9005-7.

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Galaktionov, K. V., and I. I. Malkova. "Changes in the excretory bladder ultrastructure during the morphogenesis of Levinseniella brachysoma metacercariae." Journal of Helminthology 69, no. 3 (September 1995): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00014152.

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AbstractFor the first time the development of the excretory system Levinseniella brachysoma metacercariae (Trematoda: Microphallidae) obtained experimentally from Gammarus oceanicus has been described. The bladder wall of 8-day post-infection (P.I.) larvae consists of a syncytium covered with microvilli. Its cytoplasm contains well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), free ribosomes, small oval dense mitochondria and numerous large membrane-bounded (about 5 μm in diameter) spherical granules. Later the size of the excretory bladder and the number of nuclei and RER cisternae increases. The large spherical granules disappear completely but spherical dense bodies (up to 4 μm in diameter) devoid of limiting membranes appear. The bladder lining forms thick columnar projections directed towards its lumen. Accumulations of microlamelli occur only on the lumen surface between adjacent projections. By the 42nd day P.I. the bladder wall has two separate components: the columnar projections and the syncytium between them.

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Bagnato, Estefanía, Carmen Gilardoni, Gisele Di Giorgio, and Florencia Cremonte. "A checklist of marine larval trematodes (Digenea) in molluscs from Argentina, Southwestern Atlantic coast." Check List 11, no. 4 (August 5, 2015): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1706.

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A checklist of cercariae parasitizing marine molluscs from Patagonian coast, Argentina, based on literature sources and new records here presented.In total, cercariae of 31 species of marine digeneans, including 11 new records here presented, are known to infect 20 species of molluscs (14 in nine gastropods species; 17 in 11 bivalve species). These records include two species of Aporocotylidae, four Bucephalidae, one Fellodistomidae, five Gymnophallidae, one Hemiuroidea, four Lepocreadiidae, two Microphallidae, five Monorchiidae, one Notocotylidae, one Philophthalmidae, two Renicolidae, one Schistosomatidae and two Zoogonidae. For each digenean species, their hosts, habitat type, localities, infection site, prevalence, life cycle advances, and access numbers in helminthological collections and GenBank, when available, are detailed. Regarding the life cycles, eight were completely elucidated and four were partially elucidated. Moreover, there are molecular data for 15 species. The data here presented constitutes an advance in the parasites biodiversity knowledge and their life cycles.

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Seo, Min, Sang-Mee Guk, and Jong-Yil Chai. "The Ruddy Turnstone, Arenaria interpres interpres, a New Definitive Host for Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae)." Korean Journal of Parasitology 46, no. 1 (2008): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.1.41.

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Chung, Ok-Sik, Hye-Jung Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Seung-Ha Lee, Il-Yong Park, Sang-Ah Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, and Min Seo. "Discovery ofMaritrema jebuensisn. sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) from the Asian Shore Crab,Hemigrapsus sanguineus, in Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 48, no. 4 (2010): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.335.

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Yoo, Ho-Jin, Ok-Sik Chung, and Min Seo. "Discovery of Endocotyle incana and Spelotrema pseudogonotyla (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Scolopacid Migratory Birds in Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 50, no. 3 (August 13, 2012): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.273.

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Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vanessa Santos de Arruda, and Roberto Magalhães Pinto. "Confirmação da sinonímia de Gynaecotyla jaegerskioeldi (Travassos) (Digenea, Microphallidae) com Gynaecotyla adunca (Linton) (Digenea, Gynaecotylinae)." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21, no. 4 (December 2004): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752004000400013.

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A sinonímia de Gynaecotyla jaegerskioeldi (Travassos, 1920) Yamaguti, 1939 com Gynaecotyla adunca (Linton, 1905) Yamaguti, 1939 é confirmada, com base no estudo morfológico detalhado do cornucótile de espécimes das duas espécies. O cornucótile é um órgão hermafrodita que pode ser formado pelo ovejetor e o duto ejaculador e é um caráter importante na diferenciação das espécies do gênero.

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