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Journal articles on the topic 'Microplastics'
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1
Wahyuni, N. S., Efadeswarni, Syuhada, C. Liza, A. Sudaryanto, S. Sulistia, I. B. Wahyono, et al. "Abundance of microplastics in Cisadane river - Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1388, no. 1 (September 1, 2024): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1388/1/012060.
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Abstract Microplastics have become a serious threat to the aquatic environment, water treatment facilities, and riverside residents because they are persistent. Microplastics generally come from plastic waste produced by human and industrial activities that enter the rivers. In this study, the Cisadane River was studied for microplastic presence. Sampling was conducted at 11 points along the Cisadane River from the upstream (Muria Jaya) to the downstream (Teluk Naga). Samples were taken using a 200-mesh plankton net and then analyzed using a digital microscope for the microplastic’s presence, sizes, and shapes. Furthermore, material identification was conducted using a Raman Spectroscopy Microscope to determine the material type of microplastic in the samples. According to the result, the Cisadane River contains microplastics of various shapes and sizes. The result shows the abundance of microplastics of 0.8-9.6 particles/m3 0.8-26.4 particles/m3 in fibers and fragments, respectively. Microplastics in the form of fragments are the most dominant form. The size of microplastics varies from 65 to 4,932 μm for fibers and 23 to 2,444 μm for fragments. These differences are due to primary and secondary microplastic degradation rates through weathering, abrasion, mechanical disintegration, photolysis, and microbiological activity. The colors of microplastics found were blue, brown, cream, red, black, and transparent, with transparent being the most dominant color. The material types found were polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP).
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van Praagh, Martijn, and Bettina Liebmann. "MICROPLASTICS IN LANDFILL LEACHATES IN THREE NORDIC COUNTRIES." Detritus, no. 17 (December 28, 2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2021.15149.
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We investigated the occurrence of microplastics (size range 5,000-50 µm) in leachates at 11 landfills of different age and operational status in Finland, Iceland and Norway. Collective sampling was carried out by pumping leachate with a stainless-steel submergible pump through a custom-made, stainless-steel filter unit containing filter plates with decreasing pore sizes (5,000, 417 and 47 µm, respectively). Samples were pre-treated and split into particles size classes above 500 μm and above 50 μm, and screened for occurrence of microplastics made of PE, PP, PVC, PS, PET, PA, PU, PC, PMMA, POM, SBR (rubber) or PMB (polymer modified bitumen). Samples were analysed by FT-IR spectroscopy, both to identify and to count microplastic particles (SBR and PMB were merely identified). Most samples tested positive for multiple microplastics. Three leachates, including drinking water (blank), tested positive for SBR particles and/or PMB only. Treated leachate samples exhibited lower total microplastic’s counts than untreated, up to several orders of magnitude. National waste management practices over time, landfill age or operational status do not seem to explain differences in microplastic abundance or counts between leachates. Particle count and calculated loads of microplastic emissions through leachates differed several orders of magnitude between landfills. Results indicate that landfill leachates might be a relatively small source of microplastics (>50 µm) to surface waters compared to untreated and treated sewage or road runoff. Continued data acquisition, improved sample preparation and understanding of variability of microplastics in landfill leachate are necessary, including particles smaller than 50 µm.
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Kristanti, Risky Ayu, Wei Lin Wong, Yeti Darmayati, Ariani Hatmanti, Nilam Fadmaulidha Wulandari, Mada Triandala Sibero, Nur Fitriah Afianti, Erika Hernandes, and Flavio Lopez-Martinez. "Characteristics of Microplastic in Commercial Aquatic Organisms." Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution 2, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 134–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/tasp.v2i2.134.
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This study aims to review the occurrence of microplastics in some commercial aquatic organisms. Microplastics are small plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. Effluent, stormwater, agricultural, and surface runoff introduce microplastic to freshwater basins. Hydrodynamics and hydrology encompass microplastics. River flow speed can cause turbulence and riverbed instability, increasing microplastic concentrations. Fish, shellfish, and crustaceans ingest microplastics in proportion to their quantity in freshwater and marine environments. Human activities cause variations in the form, color, and size of microplastics in the biota. Animals absorb microplastics through trophic transfer. Increased microplastic residence time before ingestion promotes trophic transmission. Lower food concentration and aggregation enhance microplastic retention in zooplankton guts, increasing transmission to higher-trophic-level species. Most studies show that microplastics in biota are discovered in fish and crustacean intestines and bivalve tissues. Microplastic buildup can disrupt live organisms' growth and reproduction, induce oxidative stress, obstruct the digestive system, and damage the intestine. Microplastics may harm people's health if they eat contaminated seafood that contains them, but more research is needed.
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Sun, Xiangying, Yunjie Zhu, Lihui An, Yan Liu, Yin Zhuang, Yubang Wang, Mingdong Sun, and Qiujin Xu. "Microplastic Transportation in a Typical Drinking Water Supply: From Raw Water to Household Water." Water 16, no. 11 (May 30, 2024): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16111567.
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Microplastics in drinking water have attracted increasing global concerns due to their potential adverse impacts on human health. However, there needs to be more knowledge of the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in drinking water systems from water sources to household tap water. Herein, laser direct infrared spectroscopy is used to investigate the occurrence of microplastics in a typical drinking water plant with different water sources. Microplastic information is further used to understand microplastic fates during drinking water supply, including microplastic abundance, size, shape, and polymer type. Overall, the microplastic abundance in treated water ranges from 12.00 to 25.33 particles/L, higher than those in raw water (RW; 2.33–17.33 particles/L) and household water (HW; 8.00–19.67 particles/L), which shows that microplastics are not removed from RW. The main polymers in these microplastics are polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene. At the same time, the main microplastic shapes are fragments and fibers. Small-sized microplastics of 20–100 μm account for up to 76.74% and 79.30% of microplastics during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Additionally, more microplastics are detected in RW from rivers than those from reservoirs and lakes, and the microplastic abundance in the wet season is higher than that in the dry season. As expected, the potential ecological risk of microplastics in all waters is the I level, which is the lowest level. Most importantly, the annual microplastic intake of an adult via drinking water is 5063–18,301 microplastics, less than that reported in previous studies. These results provide valuable data on the fates of microplastics in drinking water supply systems from water sources to HW and promote authorities to update the treatment technologies for drinking water in the future to remove microplastics efficiently.
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Vasilopoulou, Grigoria, George Kehayias, Demetris Kletou, Periklis Kleitou, Vassilios Triantafyllidis, Anastasios Zotos, Konstantinos Antoniadis, et al. "Microplastics Investigation Using Zooplankton Samples from the Coasts of Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean)." Water 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162272.
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The Mediterranean Sea has the highest accumulation of microplastics in the world. Although numerous studies about microplastic’s abundance and distribution have been conducted, the majority sampled surface waters. Especially for the Eastern Mediterranean, there is no information concerning the deeper strata. This study fills this gap by studying the microplastic spatial and temporal distribution along the coasts of Cyprus, utilizing zooplankton samples collected from the entire 0–50 m depth layer. The average microplastics’ abundance was 41.31 ± 22.41 items/m3 indicating that the Eastern Mediterranean seems to be much more polluted than the western basin. The fibers outnumbered the abundance of the fragments by a factor of ten. Most fibers were sized between 0.5 and 1.0 mm, and 81.24% were transparent. The average area of the fragments was ≤0.05 mm2, and most of them were hard-rounded (53.38%). The microplastics to zooplankton ratio ranged between 0.021 and 0.241. A positive correlation was found between the abundance of microplastics and the total zooplankton, especially the copepods. Studies of microplastics in zooplankton samples taken from the water column are expected to provide better insights into the role of these pollutants in marine ecosystems.
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P, Agamuthu. "Quantification of Microplastic in Locally Brewed Beers in Malaysia." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000195.
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Humans ingest five grams of microplastics on a weekly basis. Beverages serve as a microplastic conduit for entering the human body. Nevertheless, beer received minimal attention on microplastics despite its popularity. The objective of this study is to measure the quantity of microplastic particles that are present in locally brewed and packed beers and the amount of microplastic consumed by the beer drinkers in Malaysia. To accomplish this, a total of 15 beer samples from 5 distinct brands were examined. The analysis indicated that microplastics fibres measuring less than 0.5mm and fragments measuring less than 0.1mm were present in all the beer samples. The concentration of microplastics ranged from 75.8 to 212 particles per litre. The microplastics solely exhibited the colours black, blue, brown, and red. This study has quantified the amount of microplastic consumed by beer drinkers in Malaysia, which ranged from 533 to 1484 microplastic particles per year, depending on the specific brand of beer. This discovery enhances our understanding of microplastic pollution in beer and the potential accumulation of microplastics in those who consume it.
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Bao, Mengrong, Xiaoqin Xiang, Jianshi Huang, Lingwei Kong, Juan Wu, and Shuiping Cheng. "Microplastics in the Atmosphere and Water Bodies of Coastal Agglomerations: A Mini-Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032466.
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Microplastics are ubiquitously in various environments from the equator to the poles. Coastal agglomerations act as both a source and sink connecting the global microplastic cycles of oceans and continents. While the problem of microplastics is particularly severe and complex in the coastal zones, where both inland and marine pollution are concentrated, the present study aimed to provide hot topics and trends of coastal urban microplastic studies and to review the researches on microplastic pollution in the atmosphere and water bodies in coastal agglomerations in terms of characteristics, behavior, and health threat of microplastics. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed an increase in the annual output of microplastic research. Research hot topics and clusters were analyzed using the VOSviewer. Characteristics of microplastics varied in abundance, size, and polymer type in different environments and countries. Furthermore, coastal cities are taken as a system to sort out the input, output, and internal transmission pathways of microplastics. The health threat of microplastics to urban residents was briefly reviewed and the exposure and health risks of microplastics to infants and young children were of particular concern. Detailed and comprehensive studies on intervention and reduction in the transmission of microplastics between the atmosphere and water bodies, whether microplastics are harmful to infants and young children, and measures to reduce the risk of microplastic exposure are needed.
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Rahmayanti, Rita, Basith Kuncoro Adji, and Andhika Puspito Nugroho. "Microplastic Pollution in the Inlet and Outlet Networks of Rawa Jombor Reservoir: Accumulation in Aquatic Fauna, Interactions with Heavy Metals, and Health Risk Assessment." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 20, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202100200.
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Streams are regarded as a pathway for spreading microplastics from land to various aquatic systems. The contamination of streams connected to the Rawa Jombor Reservoir may increase microplastic concentrations in the reservoir. The water coming out of the reservoir carries microplastics that spread out into the stream networks around the reservoir. Heavy metals have a high affinity for microplastics, increasing metal burdens on the surface of microplastics. The transfer of microplastics along the food chain leads to the possibility of increased adverse effects on organisms, mainly top predators. This research evaluated the accumulation and characterization of microplastics in water, sediment, and aquatic fauna (zooplankton, benthos, and fish); interactions with heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn); and health risk assessment. Microplastics were collected from six sampling locations. The density, type of polymers, and color of microplastics were analyzed, as well as heavy metal concentrations on the surface of microplastics and a health risk assessment. The results showed microplastic contamination at a moderate level. The accumulation of microplastics in aquatic fauna showed the same pattern as microplastics in the environment. Microplastic concentrations in aquatic fauna showed an increase through trophic transfer and indications of biomagnification. Heavy metals were adsorbed on the surface of microplastics in high concentrations. Based on the health risk assessment, microplastic contamination of fish at the inlet and outlet of the Rawa Jombor Reservoir is still safe, but further monitoring is needed because of the possible long-term health hazards that may arise.
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Ilmiawati, Ilmiawati, Liganda Endo Mahata, Gestina Aliska, Erlina Rustam, Yusticia Katar, Rahmatini Rahmatini, Julizar Julizar, and Elly Usman. "Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Bahaya Paparan Mikroplastik dan Dampaknya bagi Kesehatan." Jurnal Warta Pengabdian Andalas 29, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jwa.29.3.305-311.2022.
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Plastic is a global problem; plastic pollution production reaches 350 million tons annually. This plastic pollution will be degraded into microplastic. This microplastic will pollute the environment and negatively impacted health if exposed too much. Recent research has found microplastics in clothes, toys, and even food. The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas conducts outreach to the public to enhance the general public's understanding of microplastics and their impact on health. The outreach activity began with filling out a pre-test to assess the public's understanding of microplastics. Followed by education about microplastic exposure, the dangers of microplastics, and education about a healthy lifestyle to reduce sources of microplastic exposure. The event ended with filling out a post-test by participants. Paired t-test analysis on pre-test and post-test data showed an increase in public understanding regarding microplastics, sources of exposure, health impacts and ways to reduce microplastic exposure. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the provision of public service can increase public understanding regarding the sources of microplastics and their impact on health and encourage people to live a healthy lifestyle that minimizes exposure to microplastics.
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Henny, C., D. Rohaningsih, T. Suryono, A. B. Santoso, and A. Waluyo. "Microplastic pollution in the surface water of Lake Singkarak, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1118, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012050.
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Abstract Microplastic pollution is already at an “alarming” level in Indonesia’s marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reported the microplastic occurrence in the lake ecosystem in Indonesia. Lake Singkarak, a big tectonic lake, has been considered one of the priority lakes to be restored. The lake receives a high influx of plastic waste from rivers and catchment runoff. Controlling the outflow through the hydropower dam and the sluice in the main lake outlet may prevent the microplastic’s outflux. The study’s objective was to determine the microplastic first occurrence and abundance in the lake’s surface water. Water samples were collected from three sites in the lake inlet area, one in the intake area of the hydropower dam and one in the outlet area, by performing four parallel trawls in each site using a modified plankton net. The most abundant microplastics in the lake’s surface water were 9 particles/m3 in the lake inlet area, which received a high plastic waste input from the river. The lowest abundance was 2 particles/m3 in the main lake outlet area. Foams and fragments, white and clear in color, size of 300 μm, were the dominant types of microplastics observed. Our preliminary study suggests that the lake could act as a sink of microplastics. Therefore, ceasing the input sources of plastic waste from the river should be prioritized to prevent further microplastic pollution of Lake Singkarak.
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Hasanah, A. N., D. Aryani, M. A. Khalifa, A. Rahmawati, E. Munandar, and F. A. Radityani. "Microplastic contained in gill, stomach and intestine of milkfish (Chanos chanos) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at Rau Market, Serang City, Banten." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1191, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1191/1/012007.
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Abstract Microplastics are plastic particles <5mm from various sources. Fish contaminated by microplastics is a threat to food safety which microplastics contain toxicants. It is harmful to human health when consumed. Milkfish and Chub mackerel as consumption fish that can be easily found in some aquaculture ponds and marine water. The Previous study shows that microplastic content founded in the gill, stomach, and intestines. This study aims to determine microplastic content, microplastic abundance, and the correlation of organ weight with microplastic abundance in Milkfish and Chub mackerel. The methods used were descriptive qualitative. Milkfish and Chub mackerel samples were obtained from Rau Market, Serang City. The stages of the research carried with sampling, measuring, dissecting, dissolving, separating microplastic particles, filtering particles, and direct visual identification using a microscope. The results of the study found microplastics in the gills, intestines, and stomachs of milkfish and chub mackerel. In milkfish, most microplastic was found in the stomach (126 pieces), followed by the gill (111 pieces), and the intestine (65 pieces). While in chub mackerel, microplastics were mostly found in the gills (232 pieces, followed by the stomach (137 pieces), and the intestine (122 pieces). The types of microplastics found were fragments, films, and fibers. The number of microplastic types of fragments, films, and fibers with the colors of microplastics varied i.e. red, white, black, green, and yellow. There was no correlation between organ weight and microplastic abundance.
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YAQIN, KHUSNUL, HUDRIYAH HUDRIYAH, and NITA RUKMINASARI. "MICROPLASTIC CONCENTRATIONS IN GREEN MUSSEL EPIBIONT FROM LAE-LAE ISLAND MAKASSAR." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 18, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2023.05.008.
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Microplastic pollution is a serious problem and harms aquatic ecosystems, especially for organisms that are filter feeders. This research aimed to analyse the concentration of microplastics contained in epibionts attached to green mussels (Perna viridis) in the water of Lae-Lae Island, Makassar. Sampling was conducted using the purposive random sampling method, to obtain 110 green mussels which were divided into three groups of shell length: small (2.42-4.40 cm), medium (4.41-8.01 cm), large (8.02- 14.62 cm) groups. In addition, based on the microplastic content, the epibionts associated with green mussels were also divided into four groups, namely (1) microplastics in green mussels with epibiont attached, (2) microplastic in green mussels without epibiont attached, (3) microplastics in epibiont attached to green mussels, (4) microplastics in green mussels and epibiont. Microplastic particles were observed using a stereo microscope with Image J Software. The result depicted that the microplastics were fibres, fragments, and films with blue as the dominant colour. The size of microplastics ranged from 0.03-4.72 mm. The results showed no significant differences in the concentration of microplastics of epibionts at different green mussel shell lengths (p > 0,05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the concentration of microplastics in epibionts with their host, green mussels, in which the concentration of microplastics in epibionts was greater than that in green mussels (p > 0.05). This study suggested that the epibionts and the green mussels played a role in reducing microplastic in waters.
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Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel, and Ronghua Li. "Aged Microplastics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes: A Review of Aging Effects on Their Interactions." Antibiotics 13, no. 10 (October 6, 2024): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13100941.
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Background: Microplastic aging affects the dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on microplastics, yet no review presents the effects of microplastic aging on the associated ARGs. Objectives: This review, therefore, aims to discuss the effects of different types of microplastic aging, as well as the other pollutants on or around microplastics and the chemicals leached from microplastics, on the associated ARGs. Results: It highlights that microplastic photoaging generally results in higher sorption of antibiotics and ARGs due to increased microplastic surface area and functional group changes. Photoaging produces reactive oxygen species, facilitating ARG transfer by increasing bacterial cell membrane permeability. Reactive oxygen species can interact with biofilms, suggesting combined effects of microplastic aging on ARGs. The effects of mechanical aging were deduced from studies showing larger microplastics anchoring more ARGs due to rough surfaces. Smaller microplastics from aging penetrate deeper and smaller places and transport ARGs to these places. High temperatures are likely to reduce biofilm mass and ARGs, but the variation of ARGs on microplastics subjected to thermal aging remains unknown due to limited studies. Biotic aging results in biofilm formation on microplastics, and biofilms, often with unique microbial structures, invariably enrich ARGs. Higher oxidative stress promotes ARG transfer in the biofilms due to higher cell membrane permeability. Other environmental pollutants, particularly heavy metals, antibacterial, chlorination by-products, and other functional genes, could increase microplastic-associated ARGs, as do microplastic additives like phthalates and bisphenols. Conclusions: This review provides insights into the environmental fate of co-existing microplastics and ARGs under the influences of aging. Further studies could examine the effects of mechanical and thermal MP aging on their interactions with ARGs.
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Suwartiningsih, Nurul, Indri Setyowati, and Resa Astuti. "Microplastics in Pelagic and Demersal Fishes of Pantai Baron, Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Jurnal Biodjati 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v5i1.7768.
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Yogyakarta is the second-largest producer of plastic waste in Indonesia. Plastic waste in the waters can be degraded into microplastics that can enter the body of a fish. This study aimed to determine the presence of microplastics in the digestive tract of several species of fish in Pantai Baron, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research was an exploratory research conducted in April-September 2019 at Pantai Baron, Yogyakarta. Two species of each pelagic and demersal fish samples were taken by buying fish caught by fishermen. The digestive tract of fish was extracted with 10% KOH, filtered, then visual identification. Microplastic types were estimated by FT-IR spectrometry. The amount of microplastic of all fishes was done by Kruskal-Wallis test while the number of microplastics of the two categories of fish was compared with the Mann-Whitney test. A correlation analysis was carried out between the length of the fish, the weight of the digestive tract, and the number of microplastics found. Microplastic shape, color, size, and type data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 78 of the 80 (97.50%) fish from four species studied contained microplastics with a total number as many as 3,651 (mean 45.60 ± 44.31 microplastic/individual). About 100% of pelagic fish samples contained microplastics, while only 95% of demersal fish samples contained microplastics. Mann-Whitney test results showed the number of microplastic/ individual was significantly different between pelagic and demersal fish (p <0.05). The most dominant shape of microplastic was fiber (53.14%), film (36.97%) and fragments (9.89%). The type of polymers detected was polyamide. The results showed that pelagic fish swallowed more microplastics than demersal fish did because of the microplastic nature that is lightweight and floats. Microplastic characteristic data can be used to estimate the main source of microplastic pollution in Pantai Baron so it can be managed appropriately.
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Lam, Theresa Wing Ling, Hiu Tung Ho, Anson T. H. Ma, and Lincoln Fok. "Microplastic Contamination of Surface Water-Sourced Tap Water in Hong Kong—A Preliminary Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 17, 2020): 3463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103463.
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Microplastics have been documented in a wide range of commercially available food products, and the presence of microplastics in tap water has received considerable attention in recent years. Although microplastics in drinking water pose a low concern for human health at current levels of exposure, there is a need to understand the potential pathways for human microplastic exposure. With the application of Rose Bengal staining, microplastics in 110 surface water-sourced tap water samples from urban sources in Hong Kong were qualified and morphologically characterized. A total of 224 items were identified in 86 (78.2%) samples with a mean concentration of 2.181 ± 0.165 n L−1. Fibrous and smaller (<1 mm) microplastics predominated in samples, accounting for 97.8% and 65.1% of the total microplastic count, respectively. Our results indicated a comparatively low level of microplastic contamination of tap water in Hong Kong. The potential sources of microplastics could be microplastic-polluted water bodies, atmospheric input and mechanical abrasion of plastic equipment during water treatment and distribution.
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Park, Hanbai, and Beomseok Park. "Review of Microplastic Distribution, Toxicity, Analysis Methods, and Removal Technologies." Water 13, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 2736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192736.
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Microplastic contamination has become a problem, as plastic production has increased worldwide. Microplastics are plastics with particles of less than 5 mm and are absorbed through soil, water, atmosphere, and living organisms and finally affect human health. However, information on the distribution, toxicity, analytical methods, and removal techniques for microplastics is insufficient. For clear microplastic analytical methods and removal technologies, this article includes the following: (1) The distribution and contamination pathways of microplastics worldwide are reviewed. (2) The health effects and toxicity of microplastics were researched. (3) The sampling, pretreatment, and analytical methods of microplastics were all reviewed through various related articles. (4) The various removal techniques of microplastics were categorized by wastewater treatment process, physical treatment, chemical treatment, and biological treatment. This paper will be of great help to microplastic analysis and removal techniques.
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Phaksopa, Jitraporn, Roochira Sukhsangchan, Rangsiwut Keawsang, Kittipod Tanapivattanakul, Thon Thamrongnawasawat, Suchai Worachananant, and Patinya Sreesamran. "Presence and Characterization of Microplastics in Coastal Fish around the Eastern Coast of Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 13110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313110.
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Marine microplastic has been in the limelight recently. This study aimed to describe microplastic types ingested by 274 fish from Thailand’s eastern coast in 2020 and to compare the microplastic content among different feeding traits. The microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts and gills were extracted, analyzed, and identified using FT-IR spectroscopy. Approximately 13.14% of the total specimen ingested microplastics, with an average of 0.14 items per individual. The detection frequency of microplastics was relatively high compared with other regions in Thailand but relatively low compared to global standards. Of the microplastic contaminated specimens, 56.41% had at least one piece of microplastic in their gastrointestinal tract. Pelagic (14.47%) species were found to have ingested more microplastics than the demersal (12.63%) group. Dominant aspects found included PET (as in polymers), fiber (as in shape), and black (as in color). However, microplastic numbers fluctuated with the size, weight, and feeding behavior of fish. This result suggested that the pelagic has a higher exposure risk and microplastic ingestion in relatively small quantities in a range of fish species. Our results indicated that the occurrence of microplastics in fish is not influenced by organism habitat or trophic level, although the characteristics of pelagic fish might significantly increase the chance of exposure to microplastics in pelagic species.
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Ma, Hao, Liqiang Chao, Hang Wan, and Qin Zhu. "Microplastic Pollution in Water Systems: Characteristics and Control Methods." Diversity 16, no. 1 (January 21, 2024): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16010070.
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Microplastics have been widely detected in the natural water environment, which brings inevitable risks to the water ecosystem and human health. However, the understanding of the potential impact of microplastics on aquatic animals, plants, and human health is still limited, and technical methods to control microplastic pollution in natural water are still rare. Hence, this paper summarizes the progress of research on microplastic pollution in water systems in terms of microplastic source, attributes, distribution characteristics, environmental effects, and prevention and control methods according to the relevant research reports on water microplastic pollution. It also expounds the basic ways for the prevention, control, and treatment of water microplastics, and looks forward to the research direction of water microplastic pollution in the future. The results show that the abundance of fresh water microplastics in China is higher than that in other regions, but the pollution level of marine microplastics is at the middle level. Compared with other countries, the pollution degree of microplastics in aquatic organisms in China is at the middle and lower level, but the spatial heterogeneity is more obvious. Through hydraulic control and the substitution of degradable plastic products, water microplastic pollution can be greatly reduced. This paper can provide a reference basis for the formulation of microplastic pollution prevention and control in China.
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Ma, Yi, Zhenkang Bao, Shangying Cai, Qiong Wang, Beibei Dou, Xiangyu Niu, Qingzhen Meng, Penghao Li, and Xiaoying Guo. "The Pollution Characteristics and Fate of Microplastics in Typical Wastewater Treatment Systems in Northern China." Separations 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11060177.
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This study focuses on the occurrence status and removal efficiency of microplastics in wastewater treatment plant processes. Analysis of effluent and sludge samples from the Wulongkou and Shuangqiao wastewater treatment plants in Zhengzhou revealed an overall microplastic removal efficiency of 95.64% and 92.53%, respectively, indicating the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants in reducing microplastic emissions. Microplastics primarily exist in forms such as fiber, fragment, floc, film, and grain. Fibers are predominant in the effluent of the Wulongkou plant, while fibers and films predominate in the effluent of the Shuangqiao plant. Moreover, microplastics are predominantly sized below 500 μm, with larger microplastics (2–5 mm) exhibiting higher removal efficiencies after secondary treatment. Analysis of microplastic types revealed that PE is the most common type in the effluent of the Wulongkou plant, while the Shuangqiao plant predominantly contains PE and PA66. The abundance of microplastics in sludge samples was found to be 6.4 ± 0.8 items/g and 11.3 ± 2.3 items/g, highlighting sludge as an important sink for microplastics. Surface analysis of microplastics revealed characteristics such as wrinkles and cracks, with energy-dispersive spectroscopy indicating significant adsorption of heavy metal elements such as Zn, Hg, and Pb onto microplastic surfaces in sludge. These findings underscore the importance of microplastic removal in wastewater treatment processes and provide scientific evidence for the control and management of microplastic pollution in the future.
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Liu, Yu, Xiaoyu Teng, Lipin Chen, Shuai Wu, Changhu Xue, and Zhaojie Li. "Changes in Flavor-Related Biomarkers in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) following Microplastic Exposure." Foods 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2024): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13050765.
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Microplastics have been an emerging threat to filtering species and the ingestion and impacts of microplastics on oysters are a cause for concern. However, much remains unknown about the effects of microplastics on flavor-related biomarkers in oysters. Herein, a laboratory microplastic exposure with concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L for 15 days was performed to investigate the impacts of microplastics on the flavor parameters of oysters. Exposure to microplastics changed the odor characteristics of oysters. Microplastic exposure had minor effects on the fatty acid composition; however, significant alterations in free amino acids and nucleotides were observed under the 1 and 10 mg/L exposure groups, respectively. The overall results indicated 10 mg/L of microplastic exposure significantly increased the equivalent umami value of oysters. These findings stressed the effects of microplastics on oysters and would be an important reference for the assessment of the potential risks associated with microplastics in marine edible species.
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Khalis, Tasya Anaya Dzaki, Ternala Alexander Barus, and Hesti Wahyuningsih. "The Abundance of Microplastics in Sediment Siak River Pekanbaru City." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2024): 3280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i6.7517.
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Sediments are temporary and long-term reservoirs for waste including microplastic particles. Microplastics are large-sized plastics that are under 5mm in size. microplastic particles with a density greater than water can enter the sediment and accumulate. High water utilization activities can be a way for plastic waste from land to enter the waters, one of the rivers that has high utilization is the Siak River in Pekanbaru city. This study aims to analyze the abundance and distribution of microplastics based on 3 (three) stations in the Siak River. The research procedure consists of sampling, microplastic separation, and microplastic analysis. The results showed that the Siak River in Pekanbaru city contained microplastic types of fragments (32%), films (31%), fibers (25%), and granules (12%). The highest abundance of microplastics was at station 1 with an average abundance of 32.67/kg which was dominated by fragment-type microplastics. The Siak River in Pekanbaru city has been contaminated with microplastics which can be intentionally or unintentionally eaten by aquatic biota.
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Bleszynski, Monika, and Edward Clark. "Preliminary Assessment into the Prevalence and Distribution of Microplastics in North and South Pacific Island Beaches." Microplastics 2, no. 3 (June 29, 2023): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics2030018.
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Microplastic pollution has become an increasing danger to marine wildlife and ecosystems worldwide. The continued increase in the production of plastic products has caused microplastic pollution to become more distributed, especially along shorelines. Therefore, to better assess the pervasiveness of microplastics around the Pacific Islands, in this work, we conducted a preliminary investigation into the pervasiveness of microplastics along eight different North and South Pacific Island beaches located in New Zealand and Hawaii. Microplastic prevalence was investigated as a function of beach location, sand type, and microplastic type. Our analysis found that all eight locations contained some level of microplastics, and sheltered fine-grained sand beaches contained the highest level of microplastics, with the largest particle size distribution. In addition, spectroscopy analysis was conducted to assess the plastic type, which showed that nylon and polypropylene were the most common types of microplastics among the tested samples. The results of this study offer a preliminary insight into the microplastic accumulation among different beaches, indicating that sheltered fine-grained beaches and ecosystems may be more susceptible to microplastic accumulation.
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Rotjan, Randi D., Koty H. Sharp, Anna E. Gauthier, Rowan Yelton, Eliya M. Baron Lopez, Jessica Carilli, Jonathan C. Kagan, and Juanita Urban-Rich. "Patterns, dynamics and consequences of microplastic ingestion by the temperate coral, Astrangia poculata." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1905 (June 26, 2019): 20190726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0726.
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Microplastics (less than 5 mm) are a recognized threat to aquatic food webs because they are ingested at multiple trophic levels and may bioaccumulate. In urban coastal environments, high densities of microplastics may disrupt nutritional intake. However, behavioural dynamics and consequences of microparticle ingestion are still poorly understood. As filter or suspension feeders, benthic marine invertebrates are vulnerable to microplastic ingestion. We explored microplastic ingestion by the temperate coral Astrangia poculata . We detected an average of over 100 microplastic particles per polyp in wild-captured colonies from Rhode Island. In the laboratory, corals were fed microbeads to characterize ingestion preference and retention of microplastics and consequences on feeding behaviour. Corals were fed biofilmed microplastics to test whether plastics serve as vectors for microbes. Ingested microplastics were apparent within the mesenterial tissues of the gastrovascular cavity. Corals preferred microplastic beads and declined subsequent offerings of brine shrimp eggs of the same diameter, suggesting that microplastic ingestion can inhibit food intake. The corals co-ingested Escherichia coli cells with microbeads. These findings detail specific mechanisms by which microplastics threaten corals, but also hint that the coral A. poculata , which has a large coastal range, may serve as a useful bioindicator and monitoring tool for microplastic pollution.
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Alam, Firdha Cahya, and Mulki Rachmawati. "Development of Microplastic Research in Indonesia." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 17, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i3.344-352.
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Microplastics are plastic particles that have a diameter less than 5 mm. Research related to microplastics has developed in the world as well as in Indonesia. Research in Indonesia has been carried out in various places on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. However, there has been no study of the current development status of microplastic research in Indonesia. This paper describes the development of microplastic research in Indonesia from 2014 to 2020 using a systematic review method. The results of the review show that the majority of research on microplastics in Indonesia is about the distribution of microplastics, both in freshwater, marine, and in organisms. In terms of location, the majority of research on microplastics was in Java (66.67%), with the most common form of microplastics being fiber, compared to other forms. In addition, various microplastic concentrations were obtained from various locations. However, the concentrations obtained cannot be directly compared, because the sampling method used is different from one location to another. This is because the microplastic sampling method has not been standardized.
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Hasnatul, A. H., Nur Fazreen Azman, J. NorRuwaida, M. Dewika, and Y. Y. Sara. "Relationship of Suspended Atmospheric Microplastics and Meteorological Parameters in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012042.
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Abstract Microplastic has been an interesting topic since years ago, but majority only focus on the relation between microplastics and ocean or aquatic life, therefore, the information regarding the suspended atmospheric microplastics (SAMPs) is still limited to date. Microplastics are small particles within the size of 1μm-5mm and composes of different elements. Be it marine life or airborne pathways, microplastic has become one of the major concerns among environmental researchers around the world and microplastic pollution can be expected to stay for a very long time, as plastics production keep increasing, year by year. In this regard, this study evaluates the physical characteristics of atmospheric microplastics and the relationship between its emission and meteorological data. The atmospheric microplastics were collected using a High-Volume Sampler in which the sampler was placed on a rooftop at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for three months. The physical characteristics of microplastics were categorized by shape, colors and size using spectro-microscopy microscope. The correlation between the characteristics with environmental parameters such as rainfall, wind speed, mean temperature, and relative humidity were then evaluated. The estimated daily intake of microplastic were also determined at different human development. The atmospheric microplastics found are in the range between 300μm–5000μm, which is similar to literature. There is no correlation that can be found between the atmospheric microplastics and the meteorological data, probably due to the low number of samplings. The estimation of daily abundance of microplastics were found to be high for infants.
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Farid, Muh, and Emenda Sembiring. "The Effect Of Top-Loading Washing Operational Setting On Microplastic Fibers Released From Cloth During The Washing Process And Filtered By Filter Cloth." Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 3, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v3i1.199.
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Microplastics have been commonly found in wastewater, especially from laundry waste and wastewater treatment. Efforts to prevent microplastics in domestic washing activities are important so that microplastics can be removed from the source. The washing machine filters can collect most of the microplastic fibers before the water reaches the WWTP. The research carried out aimed to determine the effect of washing machine spin speed, operation time, and the intensity of repeated washing of textile materials on the microplastics released during the washing process as well as the influence of filter cloth porosity, operation time, and the intensity of repeated washing of textile materials on the filter cloth's ability in the filtering process of microplastic. There are three main stages in this research, the preparation stage, the research stage which consists of running the reactor to identify microplastics released during the washing process, running the reactor to determine the ability of the filter cloth to filter microplastics, and identifying microplastics. The data generated from the test is analyzed using a regression multiple linear. The results of identifying the amount of microplastic released from all samples had an average concentration of 281.24 particles/L and the average amount of microplastic filtered by the filter cloth was 78.8 mg/cycle. Spin speed, operation time, and washing repetition intensity simultaneously influence the released microplastics by 93.5%. The size of the filter cloth mesh, operation time, and the intensity of repeated washing simultaneously influence the filtered microplastics by 86.4%.
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Tibbetts, Joseph, Stefan Krause, Iseult Lynch, and Gregory Sambrook Smith. "Abundance, Distribution, and Drivers of Microplastic Contamination in Urban River Environments." Water 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111597.
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Given the persistence of microplastics in the environment and their potential toxicity to ecosystems, understanding of likely microplastic accumulation ‘hotspots’ in rivers is urgently needed. To contribute to this challenge, this paper reports results of a microplastic survey from a heavily urbanised catchment, the River Tame and four of its tributaries, which flows through the city of Birmingham, UK. All sediment sampled was found to contain microplastics with an average abundance of 165 particles kg−1. While urban areas generally have a greater abundance of microplastics as compared with rural, there is no simple relationship between microplastic numbers and population density or proximity to wastewater treatment sites. The greatest change in microplastic abundance was due to the presence of a lake along the course of the River Tame—i.e., flow velocities are reduced on entering the lake, which promotes the deposition of fine sediment and potentially microplastics. This suggests that the greatest concentrations of microplastics will not be found in-channel but rather on the floodplain and other low velocity environments such as meander cutoffs. We also identified a new mechanism of microplastic fixation in freshwater environments through ecological engineers, specifically caddisflies, that incorporated microplastics into their casing. These results highlight the need to explore further hydrodynamic and ecological impacts on microplastics fate and transport in rivers.
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Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel. "Microplastics in and Near Landlocked Countries of Central and East Asia: A Review of Occurrence and Characteristics." Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution 3, no. 2 (July 4, 2023): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/tasp.v3i2.262.
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The detection of microplastics in the water and sediment samples of the landlocked countries in central and eastern Asia means the relatively less populous countries are not spared from microplastic pollution. It is crucial to understand the severity of microplastic pollution in and near those countries since there are significantly fewer regional studies on microplastic pollution conducted for those countries. This review aims to systematically present the occurrence and characteristics of microplastics in and near the landlocked countries to shed light on the severity of microplastic pollution therein. It analyzed the contents of more than 38 papers to achieve its aim. Of all the landlocked countries, Mongolia has the most studies on microplastic pollution, while there are none for Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. For dried sediment samples, the microplastic contents ranged from 862 items/kg in the Tuul River of Mongolia to 15–46 items/kg on the Iranian side of the Caspian Sea near Turkmenistan. Lake Hovsgol in Mongolia recorded a microplastic density of 20,264 items/km2, whereas the Selenga River system had a mean microplastic density of 120.14 items/km2. Microplastics concentrations in the Caspian Sea varied, with areas near the southwest of Turkmenistan having microplastics concentrations ranging from 0.000246 items/l to 0.710 items/l. The microplastics levels in the countries are comparable to those of other regions in the world, indicating the impacts of human activities on microplastic pollution. Some microplastics might also have entered the countries through long-range transport by air and water from areas of higher human activity.
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Oleksiuk, Klaudia, Karolina Krupa-Kotara, Mateusz Grajek, Agata Wypych-Ślusarska, Joanna Głogowska-Ligus, and Jerzy Słowiński. "Health risks of environmental exposure to microplastics." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 13, no. 1 (November 24, 2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.13.01.012.
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Plastics are materials widely used in all sectors. The subject of interest in recent years has become so-called microplastics, whose composition and structure are causing new environmental hazards. The presence and accumulation of microplastics in the environment threaten the ecological balance, the water environment, food sustainability and safety, and ultimately human health. Human exposure to microplastics is primarily through the oral route, so the main source of human exposure to microplastics is diet. Despite many studies focusing on microplastic contamination in seafood, fish, and shellfish, estimating total human exposure to microplastics via the oral route is difficult, due to the lack of research on other foods in this area. The risks to human health from inhaling microplastics remain unclear. According to the WHO, there is no reliable evidence of the harmful effects of microplastic on the human body, but the phenomenon requires further research. Likely health effects of human exposure to microplastic include respiratory and gastrointestinal effects, oxidative stress, and cancer. There is a need to raise public awareness about environmental exposure to microplastics and effective waste management.
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Prarat, Panida, Parnuch Hongsawat, and Bopit Chouychai. "Preliminary investigation of microplastic contamination in river snails (Filopaludina martensi) in Eastern Thailand and evaluation of human exposure." E3S Web of Conferences 530 (2024): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453002006.
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Microplastic contamination in the aquatic environment is a growing environmental issue with implications for food safety concerns. This study investigated microplastics in river snails (Filopaludina martensi) obtained from local markets in the eastern province of Thailand. The study analyzed the abundance, shape, size, color, and polymer type of microplastics extracted from river snail tissue and estimated human intake of microplastics through river snail consumption. The results revealed that the average microplastic abundance was 88.63 ± 51.18 particles/g wet weight. The predominant microplastics were fibers and fragments smaller than 1.0 mm, with colors ranging from transparent-white. Polymer analysis indicated that river snails primarily contained polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Microplastics’ estimated annual intake (EAI) was significantly higher than the average in other countries. This suggests that humans may ingest microplastics through food consumption due to the biomagnification of microplastic accumulation in the food chain. Given this elevated level of human exposure to microplastics, there is an urgent need to develop policies to regulate the use, management, and disposal of plastic waste in Thailand.
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Lin, Dunmei, Guangrong Yang, Pengpeng Dou, Shenhua Qian, Liang Zhao, Yongchuan Yang, and Nicolas Fanin. "Microplastics negatively affect soil fauna but stimulate microbial activity: insights from a field-based microplastic addition experiment." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1934 (September 2, 2020): 20201268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1268.
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Microplastics are recognized as an emerging contaminant worldwide. Although microplastics have been shown to strongly affect organisms in aquatic environments, less is known about whether and how microplastics can affect different taxa within a soil community, and it is unclear whether these effects can cascade through soil food webs. By conducting a microplastic manipulation experiment, i.e. adding low-density polyethylene fragments in the field, we found that microplastic addition significantly affected the composition and abundance of microarthropod and nematode communities. Contrary to soil fauna, we found only small effects of microplastics on the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities. Nevertheless, structural equation modelling revealed that the effects of microplastics strongly cascade through the soil food webs, leading to the modification of microbial functioning with further potential consequences on soil carbon and nutrient cycling. Our results highlight that taking into account the effects of microplastics at different trophic levels is important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the ecological impacts of microplastic pollution on soil functioning.
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Xing, Daiman, Yang Hu, Binmei Sun, Fan Song, Yiyu Pan, Shaoqun Liu, and Peng Zheng. "Behavior, Characteristics and Sources of Microplastics in Tea." Horticulturae 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2023): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020174.
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Microplastics have become a widespread environmental concern because they are found in most tested places, including the air we breathe and the food and beverages we consume. To explore the current status of microplastic pollution and future research trends in tea, we reviewed the distribution, abundance, shape, size and sources of microplastics in tea. Microplastics are plastic particles that are 5 mm in diameter or less. Those found in tea and tea gardens originate from agricultural plastic films, plastic packaging of products and tools used in tea production, organic fertilizers, even atmospheric deposition. The microplastics in tea gardens are typically fragments and fibers, mainly composed of polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate. The prevention and control of microplastics in tea planting, tea processing and packaging should be strengthened, and reduce the input of products containing microplastics. Future research on microplastic detection methods in tea and determination of safety thresholds should be prioritized to provide a reference for microplastic contamination risk, control, and management in tea.
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Zubair, Hassan. "Origin and Effects of Microplastics on Soil Health, Microbial Community and Plants." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9061.
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Microplastics are a growing threat to entire ecosystems, their presence in soil and water ecosystems has received a lot of attention lately. The detection, occurrence, characterization, and toxicology of microplastics in freshwater and marine ecosystems have been the subject of recent research; yet, compared to aquatic environments, our knowledge of the ecological impacts of microplastics in soil ecosystems is relatively restricted. To address the potential ecological and human health risks caused by microplastics in soil, we have compiled literature here that studies the sources, migration of microplastics in soil, negative impacts on soil health and function, trophic transfer in food chains, and the corresponding adverse effects on soil organisms. This paper aims to fill in information gaps, clarify the ecological impacts of microplastic pollution in soil, and suggest future research directions related to microplastic pollution and the ensuing soil ecotoxicity. To lessen the dangers associated with microplastic contamination, this review also focuses on controlling the amount of microplastics in soil and developing management and remediation strategies.
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Ramadan, Attar Hikmahtiar, and Emenda Sembiring. "Occurrence of Microplastic in surface water of Jatiluhur Reservoir." E3S Web of Conferences 148 (2020): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014807004.
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Microplastic is generally defined as synthetic polymers which size less than 5 mm. Based on the latest research, microplastics pollutions have many impacts on the environment and human. Jatiluhur, as one of the biggest freshwater reservoir in Indonesia, has potential to be polluted by microplastics because the water source of this reservoir streamed from Citarum watershed. Citarum River is one of the most polluted river in Indonesia. To find the occurrence of microplastics and to facilitate future policies in order to overcome microplastic pollution which occurs in Jatiluhur Reservoir, a study of microplastic abundance is conducted. Primary data is obtained by using the volume reduced sampling method. Manta trawl is pulled beside a boat for 5 -15 minutes for each sample and flow meter installed onto the mouth of manta trawl to determine the towing distance in surface water. Microplastic abundance in surface water presented in the form of microplastics amounts per unit surface area. Furthermore, microplastic characteristics analyzed with visual analysis, particle density analysis, and polymer analysis using FTIR. Based on seven sampling locations, microplastics have found in Jatiluhur Reservoir ranging from 0.71×104 – 4.59×105 particles/km2. The most type of microplastic found is fragmented polyethylene.
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Arab, Maliheh, Jimmy Yu, and Behnam Nayebi. "Microplastics in Sludges and Soils: A Comprehensive Review on Distribution, Characteristics, and Effects." ChemEngineering 8, no. 5 (August 30, 2024): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering8050086.
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Microplastic contamination in terrestrial environments has risen significantly, far exceeding levels in marine environments. This shift underscores the concerning prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in sewage sludge and soil, raising environmental apprehensions. Microplastics from various sources accumulate in sewage systems, consequently, sewage sludge and soil have transformed into primary reservoirs of microplastic pollutants, capable of infiltrating aquatic ecosystems. While using sludge to enrich soil provides nutrients, it simultaneously introduces substantial microplastic content, posing environmental hazards. These microplastics can accumulate in the soil, altering its properties and potentially polluting deeper soil layers and groundwater, compounding environmental risks. This review scrutinizes the abundance, types, and shapes of microplastics in sewage sludge and soil, evaluating their impacts and suggesting future research directions. Statistical analysis reveals higher microplastic concentrations in sludge (271 Particles/kg dry weight) than in soil (34.6 Particles/kg). Strong correlations between microplastic concentrations in soil and sludge (R2 = 0.95) underscore the significant influence of sludge application on soil ecosystems. The p-value of 0.0001 indicates a significant correlation between MP amounts in soil and sludge, while the p-value of 0.47 suggests no significant association between MP concentrations in wastewater and sludge. Research confirms that microplastics influence sludge properties, microbial communities, and soil characteristics, contingent on microplastic attributes and soil conditions. Predominantly, microplastic shapes found in sludge and soil are fibers and fragments, often linked to agricultural fertilizer use. Microplastics detrimentally affect soil bulk density and aggregate stability, impairing soil structure and surface. Furthermore, their presence alters pollutant transport behavior in soil, emphasizing the imperative to investigate microplastics’ effects and transport mechanisms for mitigating environmental and health risks.
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Li, Daoji, Guyu Peng, and Lixin Zhu. "Progress and prospects of marine microplastic research in China." Anthropocene Coasts 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/anc-2018-0014.
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Research on microplastics in China is progressing rapidly. Within recent years, more than 30 research institutes have conducted research on marine microplastic in estuaries, coasts, open sea, and Polar regions. Microplastics have been detected in freshwater systems (lakes, rivers, and wastewater treatment plants) and coastal and marine environments. This paper reviews the research progress of microplastics in China, providing information on topics including the methodology, quantification of microplastics in various habitats, eco-toxicological effect, biodegradation, management, and control of plastic waste and microplastics. This paper discusses the sampling and analysis of microplastic in different media, followed by spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in marginal seas and coastal and freshwater systems. After summarizing the recent advances on toxicology research and risk assessment of microplastics, this paper provides suggestions for future study to provide baseline information for better risk assessment and improved understanding of the lifecycle of microplastics in the environment.
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Paudel, Pratikshya, Rajneesh Kumar, Manoj Kumar Pandey, Prateek Paudel, and Mamata Subedi. "Exploring the Impact of Micro-plastics on Soil Health and Ecosystem Dynamics: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 2 (May 15, 2024): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2024.12(2).163.174.
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Microplastics, defined as particles measuring less than 5 mm, have emerged as widespread environmental pollutants, prompting concerns regarding their impact on soil ecosystems. This review investigates microplastics' presence, movement, and effects on soil health and ecosystem dynamics while highlighting their diverse sources, including industrial production and the breakdown of larger plastic materials. Despite their ubiquity, a significant gap exists in our understanding of the consequences of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly within soils. The findings of this review article revealed that microplastics exert notable influences on soil properties, altering bulk density, aggregation, and water-holding capacity, which may have significant implications for soil biota and plant vitality. Furthermore, microplastics also carry toxic substances, complicating their environmental impact. The effects on soil microorganisms and soil-dwelling fauna, such as earthworms, underscore the intricate relationships within soil ecosystems. Additionally, microplastics can interact with other soil pollutants, potentially amplifying their adverse effects. The long-term impacts of microplastics on soil health remain uncertain, underscoring the imperative for sustained research endeavours. Challenges persist, including the absence of standardized methodologies for microplastic extraction and identification in soils, which hampers our ability to understand their presence and effects comprehensively. Furthermore, the lack of regulatory frameworks complicates managing and mitigating microplastic pollution. Future research should adopt a holistic approach, considering diverse microplastic types and applications. Both field and laboratory experiments are essential for accurately capturing the varied influences of microplastics. Efforts should concentrate on understanding the occurrence of microplastics, developing reliable detection methods, and exploring their interactions with other pollutants, especially in terrestrial ecosystems. In conclusion, mitigating microplastic pollution requires multifaceted strategies informed by ongoing research efforts and public awareness campaigns. We can effectively address the challenges posed by microplastic contamination in soil ecosystems through concerted action and comprehensive understanding.
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Pan, Zhengkun, Chaonan Zhang, Shaodan Wang, Di Sun, Aiguo Zhou, Shaolin Xie, Guohuan Xu, and Jixing Zou. "Occurrence of Microplastics in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gills of Fish from Guangdong, South China." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090981.
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Microplastic pollution has become a major global concern. Coastal areas are densely populated with human activity, commercial enterprises, and fishing, resulting in high incidences of fish microplastic pollution. It has been shown that microplastics exist in commercial fish in coastal areas of Guangdong, China. Most of the microplastics were less than 1 mm, white and blue fibers. The abundance, type, shape and color of microplastics in gills and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of eight species of commercial fish in the coastal waters of central and western Guangdong Province were analyzed. The overall abundance of microplastic particles in fish was 6.6 items/individual, with an average of 2.2 particles in gills and 4.4 in the GIT. The GIT of carnivorous fish was less likely to ingest microplastics than that of herbivores or omnivores. Middle-water fish, on the other hand, are less likely to have their gills contaminated with microplastics. These results revealed the degree of microplastic pollution in fish tissues from the central and western coastal areas of Guangdong province. The quantity of microplastics in the GIT of fish in the Pearl River Delta was the highest compared with the surrounding areas.
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Utami, Inggita, Pidianto Pidianto, Fahmi Hermawan Tricahya, and Suci Rahmawati. "Initial investigation of microplastic pollution in river sediments at Yogyakarta City Indonesia." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 5, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v5i3.178.
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Microplastics of less than 5 mm have been widely found in the river sediments that cross the city. Sources of microplastic pollutants can be seen in rivers crossing Yogyakarta City studies on microplastic have never been carried out. This study analyzed the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in river sediments of Yogyakarta City. Data collection was carried out in December 2019 in Winongo River, Code River, and Gadjahwong River. Each sample of the three sediments was taken at each point of the three inlets and outlets in Yogyakarta City. The sediment sample was separated to obtain supernatant-containing microplastics. The abundance of microplastics was quantified and grouped based on the shape, size, and color. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to compare the concentration of microplastic in the three rivers. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 279.31 to 1,026.93 particles kg-1, with a higher abundance in the inlet than the outlet. The Code River sediment has the highest microplastic abundance, followed by the Gadjahwong River, and Winongo River. The sediment samples in the rivers crossing Yogyakarta City have been contaminated mainly by the fragment-shaped, transparent, and 1-100 µm microplastics.
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Kumar, Rakesh, Prabhakar Sharma, Anurag Verma, Prakash Kumar Jha, Prabhakar Singh, Pankaj Kumar Gupta, Ravish Chandra, and P. V. Vara Prasad. "Effect of Physical Characteristics and Hydrodynamic Conditions on Transport and Deposition of Microplastics in Riverine Ecosystem." Water 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 2710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192710.
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Microplastic disposal into riverine ecosystems is an emergent ecological hazard that mainly originated from land-based sources. This paper presents a comprehensive review on physical processes involved in microplastics transport in riverine ecosystems. Microplastic transport is governed by physical characteristics (e.g., plastic particle density, shape, and size) and hydrodynamics (e.g., laminar and turbulent flow conditions). High-density microplastics are likely to prevail near riverbeds, whereas low-density particles float over river surfaces. Microplastic transport occurs either due to gravity-driven (vertical transport) or settling (horizontal transport) in river ecosystems. Microplastics are subjected to various natural phenomena such as suspension, deposition, detachment, resuspension, and translocation during transport processes. Limited information is available on settling and rising velocities for various polymeric plastic particles. Therefore, this paper highlights how appropriately empirical transport models explain vertical and horizontal distribution of microplastic in riverine ecosystems. Microplastics interact, and thus feedback loops within the environment govern their fate, particularly as these ecosystems are under increasing biodiversity loss and climate change threat. This review provides outlines for fate and transport of microplastics in riverine ecosystems, which will help scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders in better monitoring and mitigating microplastics pollution.
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Tomar, Devendra Singh. "Microplastic Pollution in the Shore Sediments of Narmada River Along Jabalpur City." International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE) 9, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijermce/09.05.a009.
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Microplastics, due to their microscopic size, constitute a concern to aquatic species since they are easier to consume and the recent discovery of microplastic in human blood shows that these may also have undisclosed health effects on humans. This study provides microplastic characteristics and abundance of microplastics in the shore sediments of Narmada river flowing along Jabalpur City. The information about the presence of microplastics can be crucial in preventing further pollution and developing management interventions. Sediments samples were collected from 4 sites along a 50 km stretch of the river. Sample pretreatment was performed using ZnCl2 solution for density separation and H2O2 for oxidation of organic material. Microplastics examination was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Microplastics in the 20-1000 μm size range were found to be more abundant (114-273 MP/Kg) than larger microplastics in the 1-5 mm size range (18-110 MP/Kg). This research presents the first accounts of microplastic pollution in the shore sediments of Narmada River and it emphasizes the need for more in-depth research into microplastic pollution in fresh water sources.
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Wiyarno, Y., S. Widyastuti, W. Gunawan, Pungut, and R. Ratnawati. "Isolation and identification of microplastic on the cockleshell of blood clam (Anadara Granosa Linn)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1311, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1311/1/012016.
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Abstract This study aims to figure out the occurrence of microplastics in cockleshells of Anadara granosa Liin from the five beaches. The dried cockleshells were immersed in NaCl for the partition step in view of the particular gravity of the microplastic and categorized according to shape under a stereo microscope. In all samples, were consistently found microplastics. The beach that has the largest abundance of microplastics is the Kenjeran Beach Surabaya in East Java Province. The shape of the abundance of microplastics found in this research were fragments, film, foams, crystals, granules, pellets, filaments, and yarn. The average microplastic abundance was 171 pieces per 75 grams of cockleshell dry weight. Among the identified microplastics, fragment (55.33%) was the most frequent type. The occurrence and distribution of microplastics in cockleshells of specimens from the studied region provided information for evaluating the risks of microplastics.
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Kelly, John J., Maxwell G. London, Amanda R. McCormick, Miguel Rojas, John W. Scott, and Timothy J. Hoellein. "Wastewater treatment alters microbial colonization of microplastics." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): e0244443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244443.
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Microplastics are ubiquitous contaminants in aquatic habitats globally, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are point sources of microplastics. Within aquatic habitats microplastics are colonized by microbial biofilms, which can include pathogenic taxa and taxa associated with plastic breakdown. Microplastics enter WWTPs in sewage and exit in sludge or effluent, but the role that WWTPs play in establishing or modifying microplastic bacterial assemblages is unknown. We analyzed microplastics and associated biofilms in raw sewage, effluent water, and sludge from two WWTPs. Both plants retained >99% of influent microplastics in sludge, and sludge microplastics showed higher bacterial species richness and higher abundance of taxa associated with bioflocculation (e.g. Xanthomonas) than influent microplastics, suggesting that colonization of microplastics within the WWTP may play a role in retention. Microplastics in WWTP effluent included significantly lower abundances of some potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa (e.g. Campylobacteraceae) compared to influent microplastics; however, other potentially pathogenic taxa (e.g. Acinetobacter) remained abundant on effluent microplastics, and several taxa linked to plastic breakdown (e.g. Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas) were significantly more abundant on effluent compared to influent microplastics. These results indicate that diverse bacterial assemblages colonize microplastics within sewage and that WWTPs can play a significant role in modifying the microplastic-associated assemblages, which may affect the fate of microplastics within the WWTPs and the environment.
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Puttaraksa, Nitipon, Kunpisit Kosumsupamala, Hironori Seki, Sumito Nagasawa, and Hiroyuki Nishikawa. "Fabrication of engineered microplastics in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) by means of penetrating protons." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 63, no. 3 (February 23, 2024): 03SP49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ad25ab.
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Abstract Engineered microplastics are vital mimics of natural microplastics for application in many research areas aimed at solving environmental pollution. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of engineered microplastics using 1 MeV protons with a full penetration depth to effectively detach engineered microplastics from a substrate. The microplastic patterns in this work were made in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) spin-coated on a silicon (Si) substrate by employing a proton beam writing technique at the Shibaura Institute of Technology. It was found that the SU-8 microplastic was efficiently detached from the Si substrate. This fabrication approach also enables the SU-8 microplastic to be stored on the Si substrate before use.
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Anggita Noer Laily, Mohamad Fadjar, and Yuni Kilawati. "Effect of Microplastic Exposures to The Male Gonad Histology of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v12i1.36877.
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Aquaculture activities cannot be separated from obstacles that can lead to failure of aquaculture, including the presence of microplastics. Microplastic polystyrene (styrofoam) is a type of plastic that is commonly found in aquatic organisms (35%). Microplastics in fish can cause hormonal disturbances and high vacuolation in gonads which can cause apoptosis in gonadal cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of microplastics exposure on catfish (Clarias gariepinus) feed on the gonadal histology of male catfish. The research design used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which was divided into four treatments and three replications, namely 3% of the feed rate with treatments A (5% microplastics), B (10% microplastics), C (15% microplastics), and K (0% microplastics). Microplastic exposure treatment was given to fish by mixing it with commercial feed for 30 days. The results showed that microplastic exposure had a significant effect on the 15th and 30th days of the study on the Gonad Maturity Level (GML) and Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) of male catfish (C. gariepinus) in treatments A, B and C compared to controls (K). Treatment C (Microplastics 15%) had the lowest GML and GSI values, while treatment K (Microplastics 0%) had the highest GML and GSI values. Treatments A, B, and C experienced changes and delays in the development of gonadal cell structure, while control (K) developed well. This is presumably because the nutritional needs of control fish (K) were more fulfilled than treatments A, B and C exposed to microplastics.
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Rednikin, Alexey R., Yulia A. Frank, Artem O. Rozhin, Danil S. Vorobiev, and Rawil F. Fakhrullin. "Airborne Microplastics: Challenges, Prospects, and Experimental Approaches." Atmosphere 15, no. 11 (November 15, 2024): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111380.
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Airborne microplastics are emerging pollutants originating from disposable tableware, packaging materials, textiles, and other consumer goods. Microplastics vary in shape and size and exposed to external factors break down into even smaller fractions. Airborne microplastics are abundant in both urban and natural environments, including water bodies and glaciers, as particles can travel long distances. The potential toxicity of airborne microplastics cannot be underestimated. Microparticles, especially those < 10 µm, entering the human body through inhalation or ingestion have been shown to cause serious adverse health effects, such as chronic inflammation, oxidation stress, physical damage to tissues, etc. Microplastics adsorb toxic chemicals and biopolymers, forming a polymer corona on their surface, affecting their overall toxicity. In addition, microplastics can also affect carbon dynamics in ecosystems and have a serious impact on biochemical cycles. The approaches to improve sampling techniques and develop standardized methods to assess airborne microplastics are still far from being perfect. The mechanisms of microplastic intracellular and tissue transport are still not clear, and the impact of airborne microplastics on human health is not understood well. Reduced consumption followed by collection, reuse, and recycling of microplastics can contribute to solving the microplastic problem. Combinations of different filtration techniques and membrane bioreactors can be used to optimize the removal of microplastic contaminants from wastewater. In this review we critically summarize the existing body of literature on airborne microplastics, including their distribution, identification, and safety assessment.
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Kook, Heejin, and Chanhyuk Park. "Engineered Approaches to Facile Identification of Tiny Microplastics in Polymeric and Ceramic Membrane Filtrations for Wastewater Treatment." Membranes 12, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12060565.
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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contribute to the release of significant quantities of microplastics into the aquatic environment. The facile identification of microplastics and an understanding of their occurrence and transport through WWTPs are essential for improving microplastic retention. Potential microplastic treatment technologies for both polymeric and ceramic membrane filtrations were systematically investigated to inform decisions on the optimal choice of membrane for effective microplastic retention. A blocking filtration model, based on a simple linear regression fitting, was used in experiments on the filtration of microplastic suspensions to determine the relative importance of individual fouling mechanisms. Unlike the commonly applied spectroscopic techniques, the facile identification approaches, that are closely related to the amounts of particles within wastewater samples, attempted to identify tiny microplastics (<1.0 μm) by comparing them against silica particles for reference. A larger decline in the normalized permeate flux was observed for 0.1 μm polystyrene microplastics, while standard pore blocking appeared to be the dominant fouling mechanism for all membranes. More microplastics based on turbidity and total solids were removed using the ceramic membrane than the other polymeric membranes. However, fewer microplastics, based on the particle size distribution analysis, were removed using the ceramic membrane as the pore size measurements gave a relatively large pore size for the ceramic membrane, compared with other polymeric membranes; even though a nominal pore size of 0.1 μm for all membranes were provided by the suppliers. The contribution of microplastic-containing synthetic wastewaters to overall flux decline was significantly greater than those of identical microplastic suspensions because of the aggregation of larger microplastics with dissolved organic matter in synthetic wastewater, leading to the formation of a cake layer on the membrane surface. Despite the challenges associated with the facile identification approaches, our findings provided deeper insights and understanding of how microplastics behave in membrane filtration, which could enable the application of potential microplastic treatment technologies.
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Choi, Sola, Juhea Kim, and Miyeon Kwon. "The Effect of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Synthetic Fabrics on the Release of Microplastics during Washing and Drying." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163384.
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Synthetic fibers released during washing are the primary source of microplastic pollution. Hence, research on reducing the release of microplastic fibers during washing has recently attracted considerable attention. As a result of previous studies, there is a difference in the amount of microplastic emission according to various types of fabrics. To mitigate the release of microplastics, the study of the reason for the difference in the amount of microplastics is needed. Therefore, this study investigated different synthetic fabrics that release microplastics and the physical properties of the fabrics that affect the release of fibers. Three types of fabrics with different chemical compositions were analyzed. The washing and drying processes were improved by focusing on the mechanical factors that affected microplastic release. Furthermore, based on the mass of the collected microplastic fibers, it was found that the chemical compositions of the fabric can affect the microplastics released during washing and drying. This evaluation of physical properties helped to identify the physical factors that affect microplastic release. These results may provide a basis for reducing microplastic fiber types, thereby minimizing unintended environmental pollution.
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Jeong, Wuseong, JungJin Kim, and Hanseok Jeong. "Information Extraction from Unstructured Data on Microplastics through Text Mining." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 45, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.1.34.
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Objectives:In this study, we seek to provide a thorough insight into how people perceive microplastics and uncover issues and hidden trends about the significant microplastic pollution problems by analyzing unstructured data on microplastics.Methods:Environmental news articles related to microplastics were collected. Text mining techniques including data pre-processing, word cloud, TF-IDF weight-based trend analysis, and LDA topic modeling were used to analyze the amount of textual data.Results and Discussion:The public's interest in microplastics is consistently growing, according to an analysis of all environmental news and the keyword ‘microplastic’ from 2014 to 2021 conducted via BIGKinds. The keyword 'trash' was the overwhelmingly enormous weight among words. The top 5 keywords connected to microplastics did not fade away and continued appearing even though the socially noticeable keywords during the study period varied yearly. This indicates that the primary issue with microplastics related to keywords has not yet been solved. Our study has a limitation of subject diversity because we only focused on microplastic news. The results, however, presented all processes from plastic pollution emergence to treatment, such as microplastic pollution sources, microplastic detection, and prevention methods against microplastics.Conclusion:Text mining analysis was performed on microplastics in environmental news and provided issues and trends on microplastic pollution. This study presents a new methodology for environmental and social problem analysis, suggesting that it could enable a multidimensional understanding of environmental problems and help establish environmental policies.
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S. Shaikh, Shaguftanaz, and G. R. Pathade. "Enrichment and isolation of micro plastic degrading microorganisms from various natural sources." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl.Issue (2024): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02s.036.
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Microplastics have pure Carbon backbone which makes them resistant towards degradation by conventional treatment systems. Microbes have shown the potency to degrade the microplastics. This study aims to isolate microplastic degrading microorganisms from various natural sources. Various soil samples and water samples were collected to isolate the microplastic degrading microorganisms. There are many different types of microplastics but polyethylene and polypropylene were targeted for the study. Mineral Salt Media with 0.1% polyethylene/polypropylene as a sole carbon source were used. 4 different isolates degrading microplastics have been isolated.