Journal articles on the topic 'Microprocessor system hardware monitors'

Wireless sensor networks applications and inter-machine communication (M2M), called the Internet of Things, help decision-makers to control complex systems thanks to the low data-rate and cost-effective data collection and analysis. These technologies offer new possibilities to monitor environmental management and agricultural policies, and to improve agricultural production, especially in low-income rural areas. In this study, IoT is proposed with a low cost, flexible and scalable data collection and analysis system. For this purpose, open source hardware microprocessor cards and sensors are stored in the greenhouse computer database using the IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee wireless communication protocol. The data can be analyzed by greenhouse computer analysis software, which is developed with the PHP programming language. It is possible to monitor the real time data from the greenhouse computer. Also alert rules definitions can be made and the system was tested in greenhouse conditions. It has been observed that it performs operations steadily such as data transfer, sensor measurements and data processing. The proposed system may be useful for monitoring indoor climate and controlling ventilation, irrigation and heating systems, especially for small enterprises due to the modular structure.

Wireless Sensor Network is a new integrated technology, which combines sensor technology, wireless communication technology, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems technology and Digital electronic technology. Now, it has been widely used in military, industrial control, environmental monitoring, transportation, and medical. Along with the research evolution on Wireless Sensor Network, its application fields are gradually expanding. It is penetrating deep into each aspect of the human’s production and life, and will be a new revolutionary technology. In this paper, a wireless acceleration node based on wireless single chip processor CC2430, an ARM7TDMI-S core based microcontroller called LPC2478 microprocessor and three-axis acceleration sensor ADXL330 is designed to monitor the mechanical system operation conditions and fault diagnosis with high efficiency. The performance and characteristics of CC2430, ADXL330 and LPC2478 are introduced compactly. The designations of hardware as well as software of wireless network node are introduced in details. The nodes perform steadily and efficiently in practical test, and it can be easily applied to other monitoring areas.

This paper presents an Embedded Smart Home system solution using the Internet of things. The Smart Home system can be sectioned into four parts: wireless sensor network, embedded smart gateway, Server and Client. The major technical of the wireless sensor network is ZigBee. The wireless sensor network is developed based on the Z-Stack protocol stack and the wireless chip CC2530. Its main work is to sensor the environmental parameter of the house and the automation control of the electrical equipment in the house. It can also support the RFID access control and camera monitor. ARM microprocessor is the core of the Embedded Smart Home control system. It adopts the embedded Linux technology, the development platform is Qt. The gateway communicates with the wireless sensor network by the serial port. It communicates with Server by the TCP socket and transmits to each client, or communicates with the client by using the wireless communication module directly. It also provides the user interface for sensor data check and real time control equipment. The server plays a role of bridge. It is mainly responsible for the communication and big data processing between the client and the control center. Partial hardware electric diagram and software flowchart were provided. Field using indicates that this system is economical and flexible.

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays an indispensable role in present-day household electricity management. Nevertheless, practical development of cost-effective intelligent condition monitoring, protection, and control techniques for household distribution systems is still a challenging task. This paper is taking one step forward into a practical implementation of such techniques by developing an IoT Smart Household Distribution Board (ISHDB) to monitor and control various household smart appliances. The main function of the developed ISHDB is collecting and storing voltage, current, and power data and presenting them in a user-friendly way. The performance of the developed system is investigated under various residential electrical loads of different energy consumption profiles. In this regard, an Arduino-based working prototype is employed to gather the collected data into the ThingSpeak cloud through a Wi-Fi medium. Blynk mobile application is also implemented to facilitate real-time monitoring by individual consumers. Microprocessor technology is adopted to automate the process, and reduce hardware size and cost. Experimental results show that the developed system can be used effectively for real-time home energy management. It can also be used to detect any abnormal performance of the electrical appliances in real-time through monitoring their individual current and voltage waveforms. A comparison of the developed system and other existing techniques reveals the superiority of the proposed method in terms of the implementation cost and execution time.

In view of the traditional measurement system is not easy to install and design shortcomings, such as volume and requires a lot of wiring, This system used STM32 microprocessor and CC2530 ZigBee wireless technology to achieve the acquisition of High-speed rotating strain, high-speed storage, wireless monitoring system. This system can be used to replace manual operation, make the test more intelligent, more convenient and more accurate. This article used the STM32F103 chips as the main control system chip, implement the collection and storage function, CC2530 ZigBee protocol implemented wireless transmission function. Acquisition module used the high-speed AD transform chip ADS1274, Four-way synchronization acquisition, which convert digital signal transmit to the main control chip, the main control chip collected data which stored in the high capacity SD card. When need data, the system get the data from the SD card by zigbee wireless transmission to the monitor software. This system used the hardware filter and software filter, join the manning window, which reduced the influence of noise and improved the system accuracy. This paper had solved the monitoring question of the high-speed acquisition structure, implemented the function which data collection, storage and remote control for the integration, according to testing, the various technical indexes reach the system requirements[1].

Purpose The purpose of this research work is to design and apply LabVIEW in the area of traffic maintenance and flow, by introducing improvements in the smart city. The objective is to introduce the automated human–machine interface (HMI) – a computer-based graphical user interface (GUI) – for measuring the traffic flow and detecting faults in poles. Design/methodology/approach This research paper is based on the use of LabVIEW for designing the HMI for a traffic system in a smart city. This includes considerable measures that are: smart flow of traffic, violation detection on the signal, fault measurement in the traffic pole, locking down of cars for emergency and measuring parameters inside the cars. Findings In this paper, the GUIs and the required circuitry for making improvements in the infrastructure of traffic systems have been designed and proposed, with their respective required hardware. Several measured conditions have been discussed in detail. Research limitations/implications PJRC Teensy 3.1 has been used because it contains enough general-purpose input–output (GPIO) pins required for monitoring parameters that are used for maintaining the necessary flow of traffic and monitor the proposed study case. A combination of sensors such as infrared, accelerometer, magnetic compass, temperature sensor, current sensors, ultrasonic sensor, fingerprint readers, etc. are used to create a monitoring environment for the application. Using Teensy and LabVIEW, the system costs less and is effective in terms of performance. Practical implications The microprocessor board shields for placing actuators and sensors and for attaching the input/output (I/O) to the LED indicators and display have been designed. A circuitry for scaling voltage, i.e. making sensor readings to read limits, has been designed. A combination of certain sensors, at different signals, will lead to a secure and more durable control of traffic. The proposed applications with its hardware and software cost less, are effective and can be easily used for making the city’s traffic services smart. For alarm levels, the desired alarm level can be set from the front panel for certain conditions from the monitoring station. For this, virtual channels can be created for allowing the operator to set any random value for limits. If the sensor value crosses the alarm value, then the corresponding alarm displays an alert. The system works by using efficient decision-making techniques and stores the data along with the corresponding time of operation, for future decisions. Originality/value This study is an advanced research of its category because it combines the field of electrical engineering, computer science and traffic systems by using LabVIEW.

The paper introduces a system. It can not only acquire and process heart sounds and electrocardiogram(ECG) of the human body timely but also store and display. It is composed of superior microprocessor--Atmega64,large capacity flash and the new type LCD. All hardwares adopt low power design and surface mounting package. The advantage of the system is compact and high intelligence. The system software applies mold construction and programs in C language. A model for automatic arithmetic is established for the feature extraction of ECG, realtime cardiotach ambulatory analysis is realized. The system is capable of recording ECG and heart sounds information in succession for 48 hours and it stores the no compression data synchronously. More than ten types of familiar heart diseases can be diagnosed in time by it automatically. The testing data achieved from this system is dependable, the diagnosing result is accurate and the waveform is no distortion. The system do not affect the daily living and working when it is used, so it is suited for clinical and family monitoring.

In order to meet the increasingly high residential security and intelligence requirements, the paper presents an easy method to operate reliable performance of intelligent wireless alarm system, which can realize the signal automatically detection and telephone automatically alarm.Intelligent detector monitors to the disaster through a wireless way when the alarm signal is sent to the host,and the host microprocessor will automatically control telephone interface circuit.

For improving the generality, expandability and accuracy, the general embedded intelligent monitoring system of tower crane is developed. The system can be applied to different kinds of tower cranes running at any lifting ratio, can be initialized using U disk with the information of tower crane, and fit the lifting torque curve automatically. In dangerous state, the system can sent out alarm signals with sounds and lights, and cut off power by sending signals to PLC through communication interface RS485. When electricity goes off suddenly, the system can record the real-time operating information automatically, and store them in a black box, which can be taken as the basis for confirming the accident responsibility.In recent years, tower cranes play a more and more important role in the construction of tall buildings, in other construction fields are also more widely used. For the safety of tower cranes, various monitors have been developed for monitoring the running information of crane tower [1-8]. These monitors can’t eliminate the errors caused by temperature variations automatically. The specific tower crane’s parameters such as geometric parameters, alarming parameters, lifting ratio, lifting torque should be embedded into the core program, so a monitor can only be applied to a specific type of tower crane, lack of generality and expansibility.For improving the defects of the existing monitors, a general intelligent monitoring modular system of tower crane with high precision is developed, which can initialize the system automatically, eliminate the temperature drift and creep effect of sensor, and store power-off data, which is the function of black box.Hardware design of the monitoring systemThe system uses modularized design mode. These modules include embedded motherboard module, sensor module, signal processing module, data acquisition module, power module, output control module, display and touch screen module. The hardware structure is shown in figure 1. Figure 1 Hardware structure of the monitoring systemEmbedded motherboard module is the core of the system. The motherboard uses the embedded microprocessor ARM 9 as MCU, onboard SDRAM and NAND Flash. Memory size can be chosen according to users’ needs. SDRAM is used for running procedure and cache data. NAND Flash is used to store embedded Linux operating system, applications and operating data of tower crane. Onboard clock with rechargeable batteries provides the information of year, month, day, hour, minute and second. This module provides time tag for real-time operating data. Most interfaces are taken out by the plugs on the embedded motherboard. They include I/O interface, RS232 interface, RS485 interface, USB interface, LCD interface, Audio interface, Touch Screen interface. Pull and plug structure is used between all interfaces and peripheral equipments, which not only makes the system to be aseismatic, but also makes its configuration flexible. Watch-dog circuit is designed on the embedded motherboard, which makes the system reset to normal state automatically after its crash because of interference, program fleet, or getting stuck in an infinite loop, so the system stability is improved greatly. In order to store operating data when power is down suddenly, the power-down protection circuit is designed. The saved data will be helpful to repeat the accident process later, confirm the accident responsibility, and provide the basis for structure optimization of tower crane.Sensor module is confirmed by the main parameters related to tower crane’s security, such as lifting weight, lifting torque, trolley luffing, lifting height, rotary angle and wind speed. Axle pin shear load cell is chosen to acquire lifting weight signals. Potentiometer accompanied with multi-stopper or incremental encoder is chosen to acquire trolley luffing and lifting height signals. Potentiometer accompanied with multi-stopper or absolute photoelectric encoder is chosen to acquire rotary angle signals. Photoelectric sensor is chosen to acquire wind speed signals. The output signals of these sensors can be 0~5V or 4~20mA analog signals, or digital signal from RS485 bus. The system can choose corresponding signal processing method according to the type of sensor signal, which increases the flexibility on the selection of sensors, and is helpful for the users to expand monitoring objects. If the acquired signal is analog signal, it will be processed with filtering, isolation, anti-interference processing by signal isolate module, and sent to A/D module for converting into digital signals, then transformed into RS485 signal by the communication protocol conversion device according to Modbus protocol. If the acquired signal is digital signal with RS485 interface, it can be linked to RS485 bus directly. All the acquired signals are sent to embedded motherboard for data processing through RS485 bus.The data acquisition module is linked to the data acquisition control module on embedded motherboard through RS485 interface. Under the control of program, the system inquires the sensors at regular intervals, and acquires the operating data of crane tower. Median filter technology is used to eliminate interferences from singularity signals. After analysis and processing, the data are stored in the database on ARM platform.Switch signal can be output to relay module or PLC from output control module through RS485 bus, then each actuator will be power on or power off according to demand, so the motion of tower crane will be under control.Video module is connected with motherboard through TFT interface. After being processed, real-time operating parameters are displayed on LCD. The working time, work cycle times, alarm, overweight and ultar-torque information will be stored into database automatically. For meeting the needs of different users, the video module is compatible with 5.7, 8.4 or 10.4 inches of color display.Touch screen is connected with embedded motherboard by touch screen interface, so human machine interaction is realized. Initialization, data download, alarm information inquire, parameter modification can be finished through touch screen.Speaker is linked with audio interface, thus alarm signals is human voice signal, not harsh buzz.USB interface can be linked to conventional U disk directly. Using U disk, users can upload basic parameters of tower crane, initialize system, download operating data, which provides the basis for the structural optimization and accident analysis. Software design of the monitoring systemAccording to the modular design principle, the system software is divided into grading encryption module, system update module, parameter settings module, calibration module, data acquisition and processor module, lifting parameters monitoring module, alarm query module, work statistics module.Alarm thresholds are guarantee for safety operation of the tower crane. Operating data of tower crane are the basis of service life prediction, structural optimization, accident analysis, accident responsibility confirmation. According to key field, the database is divided into different security levels for security requirements. Key fields are grade encryption with symmetrical encryption algorithm, and data keys are protected with elliptic curve encryption algorithm. The association is realized between the users’ permission and security grade of key fields, which will ensure authorized users with different grades to access the equivalent encrypted key fields. The user who meets the grade can access equivalent encrypted database and encrypted key field in the database, also can access low-grade encrypted key fields. This ensures the confidentiality and integrity of key data, and makes the system a real black box.The system is divided into operating mode and management mode in order to make the system toggle between the two states conveniently. The default state is operating mode. As long as the power is on, the monitoring system will be started by the system guide program, and monitor the operating state of the tower crane. The real-time operating data will be displayed on the display screen. At the dangerous state, warning signal will be sent to the driver through voice alarm and light alarm, and corresponding control signal will be output to execution unit to cut off relevant power for tower crane’s safety.By clicking at the mode switch button on the initial interface, the toggle can be finished between the management mode and the operating mode. Under the management mode, there are 4 grades encrypted modes, namely the system update, alarm query, parameter setting and data query. The driver only can browse relevant information. Ordinary administrator can download the alarm information for further analysis. Senior administrator can modify the alarm threshold. The highest administrator can reinitialize system to make it adapt to different types of tower crane. Only browse and download function are available in the key fields of alarm inquiry, anyone can't modify the data. The overload fields in alarm database are encrypted, only senior administrator can browse. The sensitive fields are prevented from being tampered to the great extent, which will provide the reliable basis for the structural optimization and accident analysis. The system can be initialized through the USB interface. Before initialization, type, structural parameters, alarm thresholds, control thresholds, lifting torque characteristics of tower crane should be made as Excel files and then converted to XML files by format conversion files developed specially, then the XML files are downloaded to U disk. The U disk is inserted into USB interface, then the highest administrator can initialize the system according to hints from system. After initialization, senior administrator can modify structural parameters, alarm thresholds, control thresholds by clicking on parameters setting menu. So long as users can make the corresponding excel form, the system initialization can be finished easily according to above steps and used for monitoring. This is very convenient for user.Tower crane belongs to mobile construction machinery. Over time, sensor signals may have some drift, so it is necessary to calibrate the system regularly for guaranteeing the monitoring accuracy. Considering the tower is a linear elastic structure, sensors are linear sensors,in calibration linear equation is used:y=kx+b (1)where x is sample value of sensor, y is actual value. k, b are calibration coefficients, and are calculated out by two-points method. At running mode, the relationship between x and y is:y=[(y1-y0)/(x1-x0)](x-x0)+y0 (2)After calibration, temperature drift and creep can be eliminated, so the monitoring accuracy is improved greatly.Lifting torque is the most important parameter of condition monitoring of tower crane. Comparing the real-time torque M(L) with rated torque Me(L), the movement of tower crane can be controlled under a safe status.M (L)= Q (L)×L (3)Where, Q(L)is actual lifting weight, L is trolley luffing. Me(L) = Qe(L)×L (4)Where, Q e(L) is rated lifting weight. The design values of rated lifting weight are discrete, while trolley luffing is continuous. Therefore there is a rated lifting weight in any position. According to the mechanical characteristics of tower crane, the rated lifting weight is calculated out at any point by 3 spline interpolation according to the rated lifting weight at design points.When lifting weight or lifting torque is beyond rated value, alarm signal and control signal will be sent out. The hoist motor with high, medium and low speed is controlled by the ratio of lifting weight Q and maximum lifting weight Qmax,so the hoisting speed can be controlled automatically by the lifting weight. The luffing motor with high and low speed is controlled by the ratio of lifting torque M and rated lifting torque Me. Thus the luffing speed can be controlled by the lifting torque automatically. The flow chart is shown in figure 2. Fig. 2 real-time control of lifting weight and lifting torqueWhen accidents take place, power will be off suddenly. It is vital for identifying accident liability to record the operating data at the time of power-off. If measures are not taken to save the operating data, the relevant departments is likely to shirk responsibility. In order to solve the problem, the power-off protection module is designed. The module can save the operating data within 120 seconds automatically before power is off suddenly. In this 120 seconds, data is recorded every 0.1 seconds, and stores in a 2D array with 6 rows 1200 columns in queue method. The elements of the first line are the recent time (year-month-day-hour-minute-second), the elements of the second line to sixth line are lifting weight, lifting torque, trolley luffing, lifting height and wind speed in turn. The initial values are zero, when a set of data are obtained, the elements in the first column are eliminated, the elements in the backward columns move frontwards, new elements are filled into the last column of the array, so the array always saves the operating data at the recent 120 seconds. In order to improve the real-time property of the response, and to extend the service life of the nonvolatile memory chip EEPROM-93C46, the array is cached in volatile flip SDRAM usually. So long as power-off signal produces, the array will be shift to EEPROM, at once.In order to achieve the task, the external interruption thread and the power-off monitoring thread of program is set up, the power-off monitoring thread of program is the highest priority. These two threads is idle during normal operation. When power is off, the power-off monitoring thread of program can be executed immediately. When power-off is monitored by power-off control circuit, the external interruption pins produces interrupt signal. The ARM microprocessor responds to external interrupt request, and wakes up the processing thread of external interruption, then sets synchronized events as informing state. After receiving the synchronized events, the data cached in SDRAM will be written to EEPROM in time.ConclusionThe general intelligence embedded monitoring system of tower crane, which can be applicable to various types of tower crane operating under any lifting rates, uses U disk with the information of the tower crane to finish the system initialization and fits the lifting torque curve automatically. In dangerous state, the system will give out the voice and light alarm, link with the relay or PLC by the RS485 communication interface, and cut off the power. When power is down suddenly, the instantaneous operating data can be recorded automatically, and stored in a black box, which can be taken as the proof for identifying accident responsibility. The system has been used to monitor the "JiangLu" series of tower cranes successfully, and achieved good social and economic benefits.AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank China Natural Science Foundation(50975289), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20100471229), Hunan science & technology plan, Jianglu Machinery & Electronics Co. Ltd for funding this work.Reference Leonard Bernold. Intelligent Technology for Crane Accident Prevention. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 1997, 9: 122~124.Gu Lichen,Lei Peng,Jia Yongfeng. Tower crane' monitor and control based on multi-sensor. Journal of Vibration, Measurement and Diagnosis. 2006, 26(SUPPL.): 174-178.Wang Ming,Zhang Guiqing,Yan Qiao,et, al. Development of a novel black box for tower crane based on an ARM-based embedded system. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics. 2007: 82-87.Wang Renqun, Yin Chenbo, Zhang Song, et, al. Tower Crane Safety Monitoring and Control System Based on CAN Bus. Instrument Techniques and Sensor. 2010(4): 48-51.Zheng Conghai,Li Yanming,Yang Shanhu,et, al. Intelligent Monitoring System for Tower Crane Based on BUS Architecture and Cut IEEE1451 Standard. Computer Measurement & Control. 2010, 18, (9): 1992-1995.Yang Yu,Zhenlian Zhao,Liang Chen. Research and Design of Tower Crane Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System. 2010 Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence. 2010: 405-408.Yu Yang, Chen Liang, Zhao Zhenlian. Research and design of tower crane condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence, 2010, 3: 405-408.Chen Baojiang, Zeng Xiaoyuan. Research on structural frame of the embedded monitoring and control system for tower crane. 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering. 2010: 5374-5377.

One of the main features of the current stage of scientific and technological progress is the wider use of microelectronics in various sectors of the economy, which is constantly growing. The role of microelectronics in the development of social production is determined by its almost unlimited possibilities in solving various problems in all sectors of the economy, its profound impact on the culture and life of modern man. Particular attention is now paid to the introduction of microprocessors that solve the problem of automation of control of mechanisms, devices and equipment. Adapting the microprocessor to the conditions of a particular task is mostly done by developing appropriate software, which is then stored in program memory. Hardware adaptation in most cases is performed by connecting the necessary integrated circuits and I / O that meet the problem to be solved. In the given work the microprocessor system of regulation of turns of the collector motor of a direct current is developed. The microprocessor system is developed on the basis of the KM1816 BE 51 microprocessor using a DAC. The microprocessor program changes the engine speed in the range from 1000 to 3000 rpm. In microprocessor technology there is an independent class of large integrated circuits (BIS) - single-chip microcomputers (OMEOM), which are designed to "intellectualize" devices for various purposes. The architecture of single-chip microcomputers is the result of the evolution of microprocessors and microprocessor systems, due to the desire to significantly reduce their hardware costs and cost. Typically, these goals are achieved both by increasing the integration of the BIS and by finding a compromise between cost, hardware costs and technical characteristics of the OMEOM. Development of control systems on single-chip microcomputers is one of the most promising areas in the field of process automation, control and management.

Panoramic parking assistant system demands for the high performance of hardware when capturing, storing, processing image and demands for capturing from four video sources. This paper analyzes the microprocessor TM320DM642 and TM320DM6467(DM642 and DM6467 for short), both of which are based on the DaVinci technology, and presents two solutions for four video capturing and processing, as DM642+TVP5150 and DM6467+TVP5158. Hardware platform based on DM642 has been established and tested. High resolution panoramic video of bird's-eye view is rendered smoothly on the platform. The result shows that microprocessor of DaVinci technology has excellent performance for the panoramic parking assistant system, and DM642 microprocessor meets the hardware demands of the panoramic parking assistant system.

Modern analytical electron microscopes must provide a multitude of illumination and imaging modes, a user-friendly operation and a high degree of flexibility. In addition a large number of monitoring and control functions must be performed. In the new Zeiss EM 910 this is achieved by a complete digitization of the instrument control system. The computer network comprises an AT-compatible system computer, 4 microprocessor-controlled subsystems and a flexible data and program memory. Two control panels and an interactive control monitor are used for operation of the instrument. A keyboard is integrated for data input.Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the computer control of the EM 910. The integrated system computer with an 80286 processor and a clock frequency of 12 MHz controls and monitors the electron optics (lenses, deflection systems, stigmators). Specially developed interrupt-controlled parallel interfaces ensure rapid communication between the system computer and the 4 autonomous Z80 microprocessor-controlled subsystems. The subsystems are:1. gun subsystem which controls and monitors the high-voltage system;2. goniometer subsystem for control and operation of the motorized 4-axis eucentric goniometer;3. camera subsystem which controls the sheet film camera and the components required for exposure such as automatic screens and the shutter;4. vacuum subsystem for control of the vacuum system and monitoring the compressed air and water supply.

The article describes the microprocessor system for various digital signal processing algorithms testing. The development of electric drive control systems is carried out with the usage of modeling systems such as, MATLAB/Simulink. Modern digital control systems are based on specialized digital signal microcontrollers. The present market offers evaluation boards, for example STM32F4DISCOVERY, which enables to connect a microcontroller to a personal computer. It makes possible to use the microcontroller as a part of the mathematical model of the control system. However, the designing of the control system simulation model and the program for the microprocessor is carried out in different programming environments. Thus, the software and hardware solution for testing programs for the microprocessor, which is a part of the control system, is relevant. This article deals with the designing of the modeling method in which the prototype program for the microprocessor is debugged as a part of the electric drive control system simulation model.

This paper presents a version 2 of hardware solution denoted as Programmable Unit for Diagnostic (PUD-2) based on Filed Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and ARM-based OMAP3530 microprocessor adapted for diagnostic systems. The sampling frequency of the input analog signals and digital signals processing speed of the PUD is high beyond comparable DSP based systems. Employing ARM microprocessor allows for much quicker and easer design than only FPGA-based solution.

An embedded system generally comprises of four parts (embedded microprocessor unit, peripheral hardware equipment, embedded operating system, and user application), and its core function is to complete the control of different equipments as well as necessary monitoring and management measures. Initialization is to set a variable as "default value", including system initialization, software initialization and hardware initialization. However, these three types of initialization are classified in accordance with different layers. This is studied in this paper.

In this work an extended Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) technique is used to control the cutting force of an end milling process. The technique incorporates Zero Phase Error Tracking Control (ZPETC) into the MRAC system. The extended MRAC controller remains stable even in the presence of marginally stable and nonminimum phase process zeros. A modified recursive least-squares estimation algorithm is used for on-line parameter identification. Simulation results are presente to compare the extended MRAC controller to the standard MRAC controller. A microprocessor system is used to implement adaptive force control of a single-input single-output milling process where the microprocessor monitors the system cutting forces and controls the desired feedrate. A constant cutting force is maintained in the presence of time-varying plant gains and a high random component of the output force. Experimental results are presented for standard MRAC and extended MRAC controllers for comparison.

Ultrasonic ranging (UR) technology has being used widely in many industries around the world. This paper aims to design and manufacture an ultrasonic distance measuring system with lower price and higher accuracy. Based on the deep study of principle of ultrasonic ranging, we designed the general plan and detailed electrical circuits for the ultrasonic distance measuring system based on single chip microprocessor of AT89S52, including the transmitter module of ultrasonic wave, receiving module of ultrasonic wave, display module etc. Then, we compiled the relative driven programs for all modules. After that, we debugged the combined system of hardware and software system. At last, the experimental results show that the cost is about 300RMB for 3 prototypes, measuring rang is 0.16~1.5m with the accuracy of 0.001mm, which means the ranging system meets the design requirements of lower price and higher accuracy.

Object In a companion study, the authors describe the development of a new instrument named the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration System (WINCS), which couples digital telemetry with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to measure extracellular concentrations of dopamine. In the present study, the authors describe the extended capability of the WINCS to use fixed potential amperometry (FPA) to measure extracellular concentrations of dopamine, as well as glutamate and adenosine. Compared with other electrochemical techniques such as FSCV or high-speed chronoamperometry, FPA offers superior temporal resolution and, in combination with enzyme-linked biosensors, the potential to monitor nonelectroactive analytes in real time. Methods The WINCS design incorporated a transimpedance amplifier with associated analog circuitry for FPA; a microprocessor; a Bluetooth transceiver; and a single, battery-powered, multilayer, printed circuit board. The WINCS was tested with 3 distinct recording electrodes: 1) a carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFM) to measure dopamine; 2) a glutamate oxidase enzyme–linked electrode to measure glutamate; and 3) a multiple enzyme–linked electrode (adenosine deaminase, nucleoside phosphorylase, and xanthine oxidase) to measure adenosine. Proof-of-principle analyses included noise assessments and in vitro and in vivo measurements that were compared with similar analyses by using a commercial hardwired electrochemical system (EA161 Picostat, eDAQ; Pty Ltd). In urethane-anesthetized rats, dopamine release was monitored in the striatum following deep brain stimulation (DBS) of ascending dopaminergic fibers in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). In separate rat experiments, DBS-evoked adenosine release was monitored in the ventrolateral thalamus. To test the WINCS in an operating room setting resembling human neurosurgery, cortical glutamate release in response to motor cortex stimulation (MCS) was monitored using a large-mammal animal model, the pig. Results The WINCS, which is designed in compliance with FDA-recognized consensus standards for medical electrical device safety, successfully measured dopamine, glutamate, and adenosine, both in vitro and in vivo. The WINCS detected striatal dopamine release at the implanted CFM during DBS of the MFB. The DBS-evoked adenosine release in the rat thalamus and MCS-evoked glutamate release in the pig cortex were also successfully measured. Overall, in vitro and in vivo testing demonstrated signals comparable to a commercial hardwired electrochemical system for FPA. Conclusions By incorporating FPA, the chemical repertoire of WINCS-measurable neurotransmitters is expanded to include glutamate and other nonelectroactive species for which the evolving field of enzyme-linked biosensors exists. Because many neurotransmitters are not electrochemically active, FPA in combination with enzyme-linked microelectrodes represents a powerful intraoperative tool for rapid and selective neurochemical sampling in important anatomical targets during functional neurosurgery.

This paper describes the development of a diagnostic system for the service support of the microprocessor-controlled electrical systems for the Jaguar XJ40. It includes details of the system concept, specification, hardware, software structure and operator interfaces.

According to the design requirements of open CNC system,an open soft-CNC system design was proposed in this paper. The embedded microprocessor ARM and embedded operating systemμc/os-ii was used as the system development latform, introducing of hardware and software design ideas to complete the soft-CNC design and the software was packaged into components, simplified the system hardware architecture, improved the reliability, openness, and real-time of the system.

The number of working parents has greatly increased. Subsequently, baby care has become a daily challenge for many families. However, the parents cannot continuously monitor their babies’ conditions. Therefore, GSM based baby monitoring and automatic swing system is proposed as an efficient system for monitoring the baby in real time. This system monitors wetness in the mattress, baby’s cry and orientation. These sensed values are processed by the microprocessor board i.e., Raspberry Pi 3b+. To notify the condition of the baby to parent via SMS GSM module is used for communication. The system also performs actuations by using motors to swing the cradle when baby cries, video is played with the help of monitor to entertain the baby and also the system has safety cushions which will prevent baby from getting hurt if falls. Webcam is used to monitor the baby. Hence all these sensing, monitoring and actuations help parent monitor babies and take precautions.

According to the solar LED lights characteristics, combined with ZigBee technology and ATmage128L microprocessor. A used in street light control system for wireless sensor network technology solutions, given the sensor nodes and ZigBee routing and the coordinator node hardware and software implementations. The applications show that the system can effectively improve the LED streetlight system reliability, safety and economy. Offers a good hardware platform for wireless sensor networks applied research.

This work proposes dedicated hardware to real-time cancer detection using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The presented hardware combines a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with Digital Image Processing (DIP) techniques. The DIP techniques are used to extract the features from the analyzed skin, and the MLP classifies the lesion into melanoma or non-melanoma. The classification results are validated with an open-access database. Finally, analysis regarding execution time, hardware resources usage, and power consumption are performed. The results obtained through this analysis are then compared to an equivalent software implementation embedded in an ARM A9 microprocessor.

An intelligent robot system is designed based on MK60DN512 embedded microprocessor, in the process of system design, the laser sensor detection sub system is researched, and microprocessor is used to control the multiple steering for robot walking posture adjustment between the robot joint angles, multi actuator position control is obtained, and humanoid robot adjust posture recognition is realized, according to the recognition results, the posture is adjusted, humanoid robot hardware design is taken, humanoid robot hardware design includes surface monitoring subsystem, space orbit simulation part, etc. The humanoid robot software design of robot is taken, combined with the robot walking track rules, the software structure of intelligent robot is designed, 7 degrees freedom coordinate system and link coordinates are constructed based on D-H theory, robot working space is obtained. The hardware part includes 4 parts: MK60DN512ZVLQ10 servo driven, power board, and main control board. The test results show that the humanoid robot has high control precision, the entire race walking of robot control system is simulated with 3cm/s, and the performance is stable, it shown good application value in the robot design.

This paper discusses the hardware and software of polarization control system of the industrial circulating water. With the STM32 microprocessor produced by ST as its control core, this control system expands the display function of the zone LCD driving circuit which can realize field operation parameters, and designs the analogue acquisition circuit that can achieve the collection of circulating water polarization effect. The function of isolation output of the polarization energy can be achieved by the three-way PWM signal and the control signal produced by microprocessor, which can not only protect the output driver circuit effectively, but avoid the short circuit output. For the software design, the PID adjustment is adopted to realize the adjustment function of the output energy of PWM. The effect of energy saving and emission reduction of industrial circulating water can be attained in the later actual application.

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) is a standalone data acquisition and control unit which monitors and controls an equipment at a remote location from the central station that utilizes Distribution Automation System (DAS). The RTU acquires information such as measured values, signal, meter readings and it transmits command or instruction, sets points, controls variables and monitors function time. In the present Distribution Automation System (DAS), the distribution field of automation allows the utilities to implement a flexible control of distribution system to enhance efficiency, reliability, and quality of electric service. The implementation of distribution automation system is highlighted based on two factors; benefit and area of distribution automation system implementation. The hardware design uses PIC16F877A microcontroller to control all the functions of RTU. The types of fault detected are undervoltage and overcurrent. The design consists of MPLAB software development using C programming and hardware assembly. RTU is also designed to communicate with the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system and resulting in RTU’s ability to detect undervoltage and overcurrent fault.

Along with testing needs of equipment for modern artillery, the article built an embedded data collection system of multi-channel used microprocessor of ARM. The embedded data collecting system introduced the hardware components, hardware module and design of its software. It had the test data stored in SD card memory, which was leaved in cache and conversion of format, then operating storage and processing of post-data. It shows that: the system can reliably and accurately collect multi-channel signal, and achieve to check artillery’s equipment in the experimental results.

In order to avoid the operation accidents of power system caused by the influences of various artificial or nature factors, the paper explored the early warning of characteristic parameters on power system based on embedded system. In the paper, it taken a 110kV substation as an example, studied on therelated algorithm of the electric characteristic parameters, constructed the hardware and software platformbased on embedded microprocessor, and designed the hardware circuit and software control program. The commissioning test demonstrated that it could accurately judge the latent fault of related devices, and send correctly the trip command to make the isolation between the fault device and the power system so as to protect the system from being damaged. The experiment results show that it is effective and available to early warning of power system.