Journal articles: 'Microprocessors – Power supply'

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Sulaiman, Diary R. "Multi-objective Pareto front and particle swarm optimization algorithms for power dissipation reduction in microprocessors." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 6549. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6549-6557.

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The progress of microelectronics making possible higher integration densities, and a considerable development of on-board systems are currently undergoing, this growth comes up against a limiting factor of power dissipation. Higher power dissipation will cause an immediate spread of generated heat which causes thermal problems. Consequently, the system's total consumed energy will increase as the system temperature increase. High temperatures in microprocessors and large thermal energy of computer systems produce huge problems of system confidence, performance, and cooling expenses. Power consumed by processors are mainly due to the increase in number of cores and the clock frequency, which is dissipated in the form of heat and causes thermal challenges for chip designers. As the microprocessor’s performance has increased remarkably in Nano-meter technology, power dissipation is becoming non-negligible. To solve this problem, this article addresses power dissipation reduction issues for high performance processors using multi-objective Pareto front (PF), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to achieve power dissipation as a prior computation that reduces the real delay of a target microprocessor unit. Simulation is verified the conceptual fundamentals and optimization of joint body and supply voltages (Vth-VDD) which showing satisfactory findings.

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Sulaiman, Diary, Ibrahim Hamarash, and Muhammed Ibrahim. "Adaptive supply and body voltage control for ultra-low power microprocessors." IEICE Electronics Express 14, no. 12 (2017): 20170306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.14.20170306.

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Saint-Laurent, M., and M. Swaminathan. "Impact of Power-Supply Noise on Timing in High-Frequency Microprocessors." IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging 27, no. 1 (February 2004): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tadvp.2004.825480.

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Bleckmann, H.-W., and L. Weise. "The New Four-Wheel Anti-Lock Generation: A Compact Anti-Lock and Booster Aggregate and an Advanced Electronic Safety Concept." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 200, no. 4 (October 1986): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_191_02.

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An overview is given on hydraulic anti-lock systems with direrent pedal characteristics, power supply concepts, and physical configurations suitable for ‘add-on’ installation or functional integration. The integrated Teves anti-skid system is presented with special attention to a three-circuit configuration including ‘dynamic’ brake circuits. Different safety levels of electronic concepts compared to the advanced Teves approach, and the application of microprocessors are discussed.

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Habib, H., N. G. Wright, and A. B. Horsfall. "Complementary JFET Logic for Low-Power Applications in Extreme Environments." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 1052–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.1052.

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The static and dynamic characteristics of Complementary JFET (CJFET) logic inverter are studied across a range of temperatures and supply voltages to assess potential improvements in performance of digital logic functions for operation in extreme environments. The logic inverter is truly the core of all digital designs. The design and analysis of inverter enables the design of more complex structures, such as NAND, NOR and XOR gates. These complex structures in turn form the building blocks for modules, such as adders, multipliers and microprocessors. At 500 deg C and operating at a supply voltage of 1 V, the CJFET inverter have noise margin comparable to that of room temperature silicon and silicon on insulator CMOS inverters. Furthermore, the static power dissipation by CJFET inverter at 500 deg C is 20.6 nW which is six orders of magnitude lower than that by current SiC technologies, making CJFET technology ideal for achieving complex logic functions, far greater than a few-transistors ICs, in the nearer term.

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Majerus, Steve, Daniel Howe, Steven Garverick, David Hiscock, and Walter Merrill. "High-Temperature, Bulk-CMOS Integrated Circuits for a Distributed FADEC System." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, HITEC (January 1, 2010): 000047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-dhowe-ta22.

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The greatest roadblock to distributed engine control development is the lack of high-temperature, high-reliability electronic components. Four integrated circuits (ICs) have been developed to provide sensing, actuation, and power conversion capabilities in a high-temperature (over 150°C) environment. Patented high-temperature techniques facilitate designs in a conventional, low-cost, 0.5-micron bulk CMOS foundry process. The HHT104 eight-channel instrumentation IC measures LVDTs, RTDs, thermocouples, and other sensors with up to 12-bit resolution. Dual sigma-delta converters and independent, programmable gain allow simultaneous conversion of two differential-output sensors. A stimulus driver may be used to drive bridge sensors with AC excitation and a temperature-stabilized oscillator provides 1.5- and 24-MHz system clocks for microprocessor use. The HHT212 current driver IC may be used to control two motors in full-bridge configuration or four independent half-bridge loads. Each channel is capable of driving up to 300 mA with 12-bit resolution. An internally-generated, temperature-stabilized current reference minimizes external components. The output current is programmed using a SPI serial interface, and the chip has built-in over-current and over-temperature protection. The HHT250 is a quad load driver featuring an integrated PWM controller, push-pull outputs and flexible drive capability. The HHT300 quad-output switched-mode power supply IC implements a compact power solution for multi-voltage microprocessors, sensors, and actuators. The external part count is minimized using integrated output FETs and a novel voltage feedback topology. Synchronous rectification reduces power dissipation and improves current capacity. Each channel has a pin-programmable output voltage and may be independently enabled for power supply sequencing.

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LIU, YUYU, JINGUO QUAN, HUAZHONG YANG, and HUI WANG. "MOS CURRENT MODE LOGIC CIRCUITS: DESIGN CONSIDERATION IN HIGH-SPEED LOW-POWER APPLICATIONS AND ITS FUTURE TREND, A TUTORIAL." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 15, no. 03 (September 2005): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156405003351.

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In this paper, a logic style that is becoming increasingly popular is presented, which is called MOS Current Mode Logic (MCML). MCML is a novel and useful logic style for high-speed, low-power and mixed-signal applications. Its high-speed switching, low supply voltage and reduced output voltage swing contribute to its high performance, low power dissipation, and low noise features. MCML circuits are compared to several other logic styles, such as conventional static CMOS, dynamic logic, and traditional emitter coupled logic (ECL) in terms of power, delay and common mode noise immunity. MCML circuits seem to be very promising in high-speed, low-power and mixed-signal digital circuit applications, such as portable electronic devices, gigahertz microprocessors, and optical transceivers.

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Howe, Dan, Steve Majerus, Steve Garverick, Walter Merrill, and Ken Semega. "High-Temperature, Bulk-CMOS Integrated Circuits for a Distributed Control System-Performance Results." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, HITEC (January 1, 2012): 000002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-2012-ta11.

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Four integrated circuits (ICs) have been developed to provide sensing, actuation, and power conversion capabilities in a high-temperature (200 °C) distributed control environment. Patented high-temperature techniques facilitate designs in a conventional, low-cost, 0.5-micron bulk CMOS foundry process. The HHT104 eight-channel instrumentation IC measures LVDTs, RTDs, thermocouples, and other sensors with up to 12-bit resolution. Dual sigma-delta converters and independent, programmable gain allow simultaneous conversion of two differential-output sensors. A stimulus driver may be used to drive bridge sensors with AC excitation and a temperature-stabilized oscillator provides 1.5- and 24-MHz system clocks for microprocessor use. The HHT212 current driver IC may be used to control two motors in full-bridge configuration or four independent half-bridge loads. Each channel is capable of driving up to 300 mA with 12-bit resolution. An internally-generated, temperature-stabilized current reference minimizes external components. The output current is programmed using a SPI serial interface, and the chip has built-in over-current and over-temperature protection. The HHT250 is a quad load driver featuring an integrated PWM controller, push-pull outputs and flexible drive capability. The HHT300 quad-output switched-mode power supply IC implements a compact power solution for multi-voltage microprocessors, sensors, and actuators. The external part count is minimized using integrated output FETs and a novel voltage feedback topology. Synchronous rectification reduces power dissipation and improves current capacity. Each channel has a pin-programmable output voltage and may be independently enabled for power supply sequencing. A high-temperature development system has been created using the four ICs and a DSP for actuator controller prototypes. A reference application was implemented using this system to drive a torque motor using LVDT position feedback.

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Elbouchikhi, Elhoussin, Yassine Amirat, Gilles Feld, Mohamed Benbouzid, and Zhibin Zhou. "A Lab-scale Flywheel Energy Storage System: Control Strategy and Domestic Applications." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030653.

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Flywheel is a promising energy storage system for domestic application, uninterruptible power supply, traction applications, electric vehicle charging stations, and even for smart grids. In fact, recent developments in materials, electrical machines, power electronics, magnetic bearings, and microprocessors offer the possibility to consider flywheels as a competitive option for electric energy storage, which can be of great interest for domestic applications in the near future. In this paper, a grid-tied flywheel-based energy storage system (FESS) for domestic application is investigated with special focus on the associated power electronics control and energy management. In particular, the overall PMSM-based flywheel configuration is reviewed and a controlling strategy was experimentally implemented using DS1104 controller board from dSPACE. Two case studies were considered for power peak shaving and power backup at domestic level. A lab-scale prototype was built to validate the proposal. The achieved results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the possibilities offered by such an energy storage system for domestic application.

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Goodman, C. J., and J. A. Taufiq. "Supply-Side Harmonics in d.c. Supplied Drives: An Approach to Their Specification and Control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 203, no. 1 (January 1989): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_207_02.

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The use of power electronic switching controllers for all types of traction drives can lead to harmonic currents on the supply side. These currents, by conductive or mutual coupling, can cause interference in signalling and telecommunications circuits. After reviewing these basic considerations, this paper outlines the harmonic spectra of d.c.-supplied chopper and inverter drives. In the case of chopper controllers, choosing a frequency unrelated to any signalling frequency combined with the attenuation provided by the input filter is usually sufficient to avoid dangerous interference. For inverter drives, the situation is more complex due to the intrinsic sweep frequency nature of the drive. However, special modulation strategies can be used for the inverter which eliminates, or at least reduces to a safe level, any particular frequency which may interfere with signalling equipment. A method for generating these optimized pulse-width modulation schemes using fast on-board microprocessors is briefly described.

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Varghese, Mini P., A. Manjunatha, and T. V. Snehaprabha. "The study on the effect of voltage ripple on multiphase buck converters with phase shedding control scheme for SCADA applications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 1856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i4.2798.

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Voltage regulator modules (VRM) need to have low output voltage ripple and tight efficiency to power advanced microprocessors. This paper explains a phase shedding technique to enhance efficiency and its impact on output voltage ripple. In this study, analysis was done on a 4-phase buck converter which is having an input voltage of 45-65 V and delivers an output of 9 V, 12A with a switching frequency of 200Khz. The phase shedding control scheme is suitable for applications such as power sources for programmable logic controllers, which is a part of SCADA systems, which requires a low voltage and high current power supply. Working of a multiphase buck converter with phase shedding is modelled and verified using Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation results show the effect of the phase shedding technique on efficiency in varying load conditions and the effect of an increase of the voltage ripple at the output.

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Goff, Daniel T., Steve J. A. Majerus, and Walter Merrill. "A 200 °C Quad-Output Buck Type Switched Mode Power Supply IC." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, HITEC (January 1, 2014): 000022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-ta16.

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A high temperature (>200 °C), quad-output, buck type switched-mode power supply (SMPS) IC capable of operating over a wide input supply range of 6 V to 15 V is described. The IC is a compact power supply solution for multi-voltage microprocessors, sensors, and actuators. The SMPS topology is a 112 kHz fixed-frequency, synchronous buck converter with slope compensation. A novel internal feedback design enables the output voltages to be pin-programmed to one of three common supply voltages—5 V, 3.3 V, or 1.8 V—while an external resistor divider can also be used for arbitrary voltage programming. Integrated power supply output MOSFET switches minimize the external part count and synchronous rectification reduces power dissipation and improves current capacity. The IC was fabricated in a conventional, low-cost, 0.5 μm bulk CMOS foundry process. Patented circuit design techniques allow the IC to operate in excess of 200 °C and circuit operation was demonstrated at ambient temperatures up to 225 °C. The foundry process is optimized for 5 V applications, however, the IC accepts input voltages up to 15 V and can produce outputs up to 10 V by utilizing extended drain single- and double-sided NMOS and PMOS transistors for the linear regulator pass transistor, error amplifier, and SMPS switches. The high-side FETs are controlled through capacitive coupled level shift circuits to ensure the gate-oxide voltage limits are not exceeded while still maintaining fast signal transitions. The IC also includes a tunable, 25 MHz monolithic oscillator that is programmable over a SPI serial interface. The oscillator bias current is comprised of a programmable constant-gm bias current and a programmable PTAT bias current. The programmability can be used to set the oscillation frequency, but can also be used together with a calibration curve on a microcontroller to achieve a more stable oscillation frequency over temperature. The output current of the quad SMPS was limited to 70 mA by a lower than expected saturation current of the extended-drain PMOS switch devices. The system showed good line regulation (<0.1%) and 50% load step response stability (+/− 100 mV) at a nominal output current of 50 mA when tested at 200 °C ambient.

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Flores-Arias, Jose-Maria, Manuel Ortiz-Lopez, Francisco J. Quiles Latorre, Francisco Jose Bellido-Outeiriño, and Antonio Moreno-Muñoz. "A Memory-Efficient True-RMS Estimator in a Limited-Resources Hardware." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091699.

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More and more human activities are increasingly dependent on the power quality energy they are supplied. In particular, those loads that have an electronic switching mode power supply (SMPS) and microcontrollers or microprocessors are very susceptible to de-energization of the AC line as voltage monitoring takes place on the DC end and may not have enough time to cope with a voltage event involving energy loss. There have been many proposals that analyze power quality or current consumption, even those using limited resources hardware or the classic formulas of discrete root mean square (RMS). In this proposal, an approximation to the problem by means of an RMS value estimator that uses as a base a microcontroller of basic range and low economic cost and algorithms of calculation of very low computational cost that elude complex arithmetic operation to controllers, such as powers or roots, is presented. The results of the experiments to which the proposal was subjected show its ability to provide an estimation of the RMS value of voltage with sufficient precision or an event alarm in less time than the options analyzed. The validation tests and functional comparison of the prototype which were carried out support its viability.

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O'Callaghan, Suzanne, Paul Galvin, Conor O'Mahony, Zena Moore, and Rosemarie Derwin. "‘Smart’ wound dressings for advanced wound care: a review." Journal of Wound Care 29, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.7.394.

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Hard-to-heal wounds are a common side-effect of diabetes, obesity, pressure ulcers and age-related vascular diseases, the incidences of which are growing worldwide. The increasing financial burden of hard-to-heal wounds on global health services has provoked technological research into improving wound diagnostics and therapeutics via ’smart’ dressings, within which elements such as microelectronic sensors, microprocessors and wireless communication radios are embedded. This review highlights the progress being made by research groups worldwide in producing ‘smart’ wound device prototypes. Significant advances have been made, for example, flexible substrates have replaced rigid circuit boards, sensors have been printed on commercial wound dressing materials and wireless communication has been demonstrated. Challenges remain, however, in the areas of power supply, disposability, low-profile components, multiparametric sensing and seamless device integration in commercial wound dressings.

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Tschanz, J. W., S. Narendra, R. Nair, and V. De. "Effectiveness of adaptive supply voltage and body bias for reducing impact of parameter variations in low power and high performance microprocessors." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 38, no. 5 (May 2003): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2003.810053.

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Ghabri, H., D. Ben Issa, and H. Samet. "Performance Optimization of 1-bit Full Adder Cell based on CNTFET Transistor." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 4933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3156.

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The full adder is a key component for many digital circuits like microprocessors or digital signal processors. Its main utilization is to perform logical and arithmetic operations. This has empowered the designers to continuously optimize this circuit and ameliorate its characteristics like robustness, compactness, efficiency, and scalability. Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNFET) stands out as a substitute for CMOS technology for designing circuits in the present-day technology. The objective of this paper is to present an optimized 1-bit full adder design based on CNTFET transistors inspired by new CMOS full adder design [1] with enhanced performance parameters. For a power supply of 0.9V, the count of transistors is decreased to 10 and the power is almost split in two compared to the best existing CNTFET based adder. This design offers significant improvement when compared to existing designs such as C-CMOS, TFA, TGA, HPSC, 18T-FA adder, etc. Comparative data analysis shows that there is 37%, 50%, and 49% amelioration in terms of area, delay, and power delay product respectively compared to both CNTFET and CMOS based adders in existing designs. The circuit was designed in 32nm technology and simulated with HSPICE tools.

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Hsiang, Hsing-I., Jui-Fu Chueh, and Liang-Fang Fan. "Key Technology and Materials for the Development of DC-DC Converter Module." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, CICMT (September 1, 2015): 000246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-wp23.

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Portable devices are often powered by batteries and DC-DC converters are used to convert battery energy to supply power for microprocessors and integrated circuits. Portable electronic devices are required to be compact and, hence, space for converters is very limited. Therefore, the demand for integrating individual components into modules to reduce the size and increase the power density of DC-DC converters is increasing. It is important to develop a low temperature sintering NiCuZn ferrites with a superior DC-bias-superposition characteristic; the nonmagnetic materials co-fired with the magnetic NiCuZn ferrites, and the low-pressure assisted constrained sintering process for the large area NiCuZn ferrites substrates for the DC-DC converter modules. This study successfully developed the key technologies and materials for the development of DC-DC converter module. It integrated the magnetic NiCuZn ferrites with superior DC-bias superposition characteristic and nonmagnetic ferrite materials using multilayer ceramic processing and low-pressure assisted constrained sintering technologies to prepare a large area NiCuZn ferrite substrate for DC-DC converter module.

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Phang, Swee King, Kun Li, Kok Hwa Yu, Ben M. Chen, and Tong Heng Lee. "Systematic Design and Implementation of a Micro Unmanned Quadrotor System." Unmanned Systems 02, no. 02 (April 2014): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385014500083.

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This paper presents a guideline to systematically design and construct a micro quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), capable of autonomous flight. The designed micro UAV has a gross weight of less than 40 g including power supply sufficient for an 8-min flight. The design is divided into three parts. First, investigation is made on the structural design of a conventional quadrotor. The quadrotor frame is then carefully designed to avoid any potential structural natural frequencies within the range of rotors operating speeds, based on simulation results obtained from MSC Nastran. Second, avionic system of the aircraft will be discussed in detail, mainly focusing on the design of printed circuit boards which include sensors, microprocessors and four electronic speed controllers, specially catered for micro quadrotor design. Last, a mathematical model for the micro quadrotor is derived based on Newton–Euler formalism, followed by methods of identifying the parameters. The flight test results are later described, analyzed and illustrated in this paper.

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Big-Alabo, A., and C. Isaac. "Automatic water level control system using discretized components." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 10 (November 3, 2020): 1781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i10.11.

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This study is based on the design of a portable automatic water level control switch that is capable of switching on the pump when the water level in the overhead tank goes low and switches it off as soon as the water level reaches a pre-determined level to prevent dry-run of the pump in case the level in the underground tank goes below the suction level. The water in the tank is measured by the conductive probes and displaced via the LED indicators. At maximum-set capacity the pump is de-energized to automatically switch off, thereby stopping the inflow of water into the tank. The design approach involves three major stages which are: the power supply unit, the sensing unit, and the motoring and relay unit. The uniqueness of this work is the use of discrete components such as transistors to achieve water level control. This approach is more economical, simpler and easier to implement than the sophisticated programmable logic controllers and computerized microprocessors. Keywords: discrete components; conductive probes; sensors; relays; pump

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Beaman, Brian, and Jean Audet. "High Current Testing and Simulation for Land Grid Array Sockets." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 000659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-poster3_002.

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Abstract Land grid array (LGA) sockets are commonly used for industry standard and custom microprocessors to meet the increased performance challenges for a variety of server applications. Along with the need for increased high speed signaling capabilities comes the challenge to support lower voltages and higher currents. Typical testing that is conducted by the LGA socket suppliers does not provide an accurate assessment of the maximum current capabilities in a real product application due to the test card design and construction limitations. Typical test card designs use daisy chain connections to wire multiple LGA socket contacts in series. The daisy chain wiring in the test card adds to the resistive heating and results in an inaccurate maximum current rating. Also, the test cards typically do not have a cross section construction that is representative of a real product application with multiple ground planes that provide improved thermal dissipation of the heat generated by the LGA socket interface. Hardware testing was conducted to better understand the performance limitations for a new product application. The test card was designed to use multiple voltage and ground planes in the circuit card cross section to provide a low impedance path for current flow and a low voltage drop through the LGA socket interface. In addition to the test card construction, the test hardware included a special test module with a shorted chip to provide a more accurate power distribution path through the socket and processor package. The test variables included different plating metallurgy options for the LGA socket and the processor module along with different configurations for the voltage supply and ground return contacts. Electrical and thermal modeling techniques were used to simulate the test hardware configuration with good correlation between the hardware and modeling results. Based on the positive correlation results, additional modeling was conducted to simulate the worst case power mapping conditions for the processor chip along with a more accurate power distribution. The additional modeling results provided further insights into the maximum current capabilities for the LGA socket based on the temperature increase from the resistive heating in the socket contacts.

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Khuzyashev, R. G., and I. L. Kuz’min. "Microprocessor-controlled current transformer-based power supply." Russian Electrical Engineering 80, no. 4 (April 2009): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371209040063.

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Vuckovic, Vladan, and Blond Le. "Universal microprocessor controlled power regulator with and without additional power supply." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 33, no. 1 (2020): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee2001083v.

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Inexpensive microcontrollers allow complex control methodologies for improving well-established technologies such as resistive lighting. In this paper, we present two constructions of a microprocessor controlled power regulator for resistive load of up to 2.5 kW and exemplify its use for the lamps in Tesla?s Fountain reconstruction project. These are universal power controllers and could be applied to a wide verity of non-inductive loads, but our primary intention was to construct a miniature light regulator with touch sensor for Tesla?s Fountain. The devices operate using the phase control of the power grid?s alternating current and controlled fade-in to increase lamp longevity. Extensive testing shows the device to operate successfully for 2400 hours of continuous error-free operation, to robustly handle high cycling stresses and increase bulb lifetimes by approximately a factor of 7-8. The microcontroller software can easily be adapted for controlling many non-inductive apparatus, like light bulbs or halogen lamps, as well as resistive heating. We also used advanced technologies from other multi-disciplinary areas to complete project.

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Sun, Xin Yu. "Cophase Power Supply Control Technology in the Application of the Electric Traction Locomotive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3938.

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China's current traction net unilateral power supply mode and the existing traction substation connection and phase change connection determine the existence of stationary phase of traction network. Therefore, the application of modern power electronics and microprocessor control technology and the development of cophase power supply technology with independent intellectual property rights are the way to realize the innovation of traction power supply technology, which will achieve a win-win situation for cophase power and electric power development, it has the vital significance.

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HOBSON, L., D. W. TEBB, and R. CHRISTOPHER. "Microprocessor control of a transistorized induction-heating power supply." International Journal of Electronics 59, no. 6 (December 1985): 735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207218508920751.

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LEISTEN, J., D. W. TEBB, and L. HOBSON. "Microprocessor control of a transistorized induction heating power supply." International Journal of Electronics 65, no. 5 (November 1988): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207218808945305.

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Zeng, X. M., A. B. Parker, and J. Lucas. "High-frequency TIG-welding power supply with microprocessor control." IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education) 137, no. 4 (July 1990): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-2.1990.0030.

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Basil M. Saied, Prof, and Mr Mohamad K. Shakfa. "Microprocessor-Based Controller for the Uninterruptible Power Supply Voltage Regulation." AL-Rafdain Engineering Journal (AREJ) 13, no. 1 (March 28, 2005): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2005.45576.

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Sari, Z., K. Amgoud, and M. Ait Bouabdallah. "Microprocessor Based Switching Mode Power Supply with a Standby Battery." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 25, no. 8 (June 1992): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)54114-2.

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Yan, Gui Lin, Jun Ma, Hai Wu Xie, Jia Ting Lu, and Fu Yuan Cheng. "The Design of the Household Photovoltaic Power-Supply System with Intelligent Expansion Capacity Based on STM32." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.541.

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Qinghai-Tibet region has abundant solar energy resources. The photovoltaic power generation can be utilized to solve the electricity-supply problem in most parts of the region having no access to electricity. General household photovoltaic power can solve the basic problem of electrical lighting, but in some cases where large-power electricity supply is needed, such power cannot be utilized, which means its scope of application is limited. We employ the STM32 intelligent microprocessor controlling method to collect parameters and features of storage batteries and photovoltaic modules. The system can automatically expand capacity and output power, which is very practical in making general household photovoltaic power more widely applied.

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Ariyarathna, Thilanga, Nihal Kularatna, and D. Alistair Steyn-Ross. "Transformer Isolated SCALDO Based High Current DC Power Supply." Applied Mechanics and Materials 884 (August 2018): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.884.122.

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With increasing component count inside the microprocessor, computer has become a power hungry device and powering IT equipment is one of the largest operating expenses and challenge for data centre in USA. According to the data published by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), USA global data centres cloud power market is expanding at over 10 percent annually to reach 200 billion kilowatt-hour energy consumption by 2020. Reducing power loss by 1% inside a server power supplies could result in 2 billion kilowatt-hour energy saving.SCALDO is a patented technique developed by the power electronics research group, University of Waikato which improves the efficiency of low drop-out regulators. This technique can be used inside silver box power supplies to enhance the quality of the output power. Practically realising some SCALDO configuration is challenging due to its large switch count. Novel power converter topology presents in this paper helps SCALDO to be used efficiently inside silver box power supplies with electrical isolation and reduced number of switches.

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Wong, K. L., T. Rahal-arabi, M. Ma, and G. Taylor. "Enhancing Microprocessor Immunity to Power Supply Noise With Clock-Data Compensation." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 41, no. 4 (April 2006): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.870925.

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Padmawar, Mandar, Sanghamitra Roy, and Koushik Chakraborty. "Microprocessor Power Supply Noise Aware Floorplanning Using a Circuit-Architectural Framework." Journal of Low Power Electronics 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jolpe.2011.1140.

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Böhm, Ralf, Martin Paulsburg, Tim Hamann, and Jörg Franke. "Low Budget Experimental Setup for Harmonic Detection and Correction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 871 (October 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.871.3.

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Adherance of power quality standards is crucial for electricity network operation and bothindustrial and private customers. However, the transition to electricity supply based on renewable, de-centralized plants which feed in using inverters is accompanied by challenges regarding compliancewith power quality standards. Accordingly, detection and automated processing of relevant variablesof power quality is of increased importance. Digital signal processing offers various approaches of sig-nal evaluation each having individual advantages and disadvantages regarding different power qualityvariables. As a result of incresing decentralized feed in of regenerative plats using inverters, the si-nusoidal fundamental of the power system is distorted and harmonics occur. For elimination of thoseunwanted signal components, a variety of methods is available. Supple- menting current research ac-tivites a laboratory model of an active ﬁlter using low budget prototyping hardware is developed andevaluated. Therefore, an experimental circuit containing a band pass ﬁlter for signal adjustment aswell as a PWM with ampliﬁcation circuit for signal correction have been elaborated. Necessary cal-culations are performed by a standard Atmel microprocessor as used by Arduino Uno, including an8-bit analog to digital converter (ADC).

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Vukolov, Vladimir, Mikhail Obalin, and Anton Petrov. "Improvement of algorithms for voltage circuits fault detection in relay protection terminal of 6-35 kV electrical networks." E3S Web of Conferences 139 (2019): 01061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913901061.

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Issues of increase of consumer power supply reliability by prevention of protection device false operation and unreasonable tripping of the protected network element at malfunction of measuring voltage transformer secondary circuits are considered. Options for implementation in relay protection microprocessor terminals of advanced blocking algorithms in case of voltage circuits fault are proposed.

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Mincey, D. W., K. J. Kuzior, L. H. Allen, J. S. Frease, and I. N. Strasser. "A microprocessor-regulated constant voltage, current, wattage, and temperature electrophoresis power supply." Analytical Biochemistry 193, no. 2 (March 1991): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(91)90003-c.

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Derkachev, S. V. "Ways of constructing of measuring and starting elements of microprocessor devices of fast acting automatic transfer switch." Vestnik IGEU, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2021.1.041-048.

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Microprocessor devices of fast-acting automatic transfer switch (FATS) are widely spread in modern net-works to increase the reliability of power supply of industrial plants in case of short-term violations of normal power supply mode. Presence of motor load in such networks requires minimizing the power interruption time to provide more favorable conditions for self-starting of electric motors. However, currently existing operation algorithms of measuring elements of FATS devices are based on the decomposition of the measured signal by using a Fourier integral, and require observation interval equals to the period of the industrial frequency. The known directional elements that are used in microprocessor-based FATS devices do not ensure reliable operation of the device with asymmetric and nearby fault. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to increase the speed of operation of the algorithms of the measuring elements of microprocessor devices of FATS, as well as to increase the reliability of the starting directional element in case of nearby fault and deep voltage drops. To achieve this goal the author uses the method of computer simulation. The method of a full-scale experiment on a laboratory bench to verify the obtained theoretical results is used. The author improves the algorithm to determine the orthogonal components of the measured current and voltage signals by integral averaging of instantaneous discrete values of the measured signals and their derivatives over the observation interval with a duration of less than a half-period of the industrial frequency. The algorithm of the operation of the starting directional element in case of deep voltage drops caused by nearby fault in both the external and internal power supply network has been improved by using the main power supply voltage from the added memory element of the pre-fault measurement cycle as a reference voltage to determine the power direction. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm for the operation of the measuring elements will make it possible to obtain the value of the phase and amplitude of the measured signal in a time equals to 0,005 s. and use of an improved starting directional element makes it possible to increase its reliability in case of deep voltage drops and asymmetric short circuits. The proposed algorithms of operation of the measuring elements and the starting directional element can be used in FATS devices.

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Wang, Yi Min, and Jian Wen Li. "Design of High-Power LED Embeded Controller Based on FSCQ0765RT." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2701.

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This paper designs a type of intelligent switching power supply controller for LED street lamp. The configuration and principle of the controller is detailedly analyzed in this paper. Microprocessor PIC12F675 is employed in the design. With the controller, According to defferent illumination requirements, the controller achieves constant voltage and different constant LED current is automatically regulated to achieve energy saving without LED light intensity decrease notably. The controller is easy to be realized in circuit with high efficiency and high power factor.

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Xie, Chang Wu, Yan Gao, and Guo Feng Zhang. "Research and Application of Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Supply System in Environmental Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.833.

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A wind-solar hybrid DC power supply system for small wireless sensor devices is introduced in this paper. The environmental monitoring system is selected as the application platform, and ARM microprocessor is selected as the control core. With the use of the multi-stage constant current technology, the battery life and charge efficiency are optimized. With the design of LCD module and RS232 interface in the system, the difficulty of the system debugging and maintenance are reduced while the flexibility of the system is increased. The experimental result shows that the most use of wind and solar energy is realized in this system.

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Liang, Jian Wei, Yin Feng Wu, and Ling Liang. "Design of the Half-Bridge Switching and Regulated Power Supply Based on PWM." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.352.

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The article introduces the design of the half-bridge switching and regulated power supply system which is based on PWM. The design mainly consists of regulated power supply’s structure of basic hardware circuit, its working principles and the process of modeling simulation and software design. The control circuit controls SG3525 chip to output PWM wave through the Microprocessor Control Unit (MCU) of AT89C51 and drives IGBT through the chip of EXB841 as well. The MCU is also used to realize the keyboard process and controls of the pulse width and frequency. Taking advantage of Simulink (dynamic simulation Toolbox) and SimPowerSysterm (power simulation Toolbox) of MATLAB, it simulates the designed regulated power supply. According to the simulation result of this design, the system has high stability and good output waveform. The operation of the design is simple and clear with less software operation and higher speed.

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FUKAZAWA, Mitsuya, Masanori KURIMOTO, Rei AKIYAMA, Hidehiro TAKATA, and Makoto NAGATA. "Experimental Evaluation of Dynamic Power Supply Noise and Logical Failures in Microprocessor Operations." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E92-C, no. 4 (2009): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e92.c.475.

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Hyla, Marcian. "Diagnostics and monitoring of microprocessor-controlled excitation power supply unit for synchronous motors." Mining - Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering 1 (529), no. 1 (2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/miag.2017.1.529.19.

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Agung Ananto, Rhezal, and Rudy Setiabudy. "Photovoltaic Measurement Using Microprocessor Logger and Current Sensor." MATEC Web of Conferences 218 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821802003.

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Nowdays, energy demand increase every years. Some obstacles stand in the way of energy supply. Some obstacles are energy limitation, climate change and environmental regulation. The change of conventional energy to renewable energy is the future solution. The development of renewable energy is the main priority, based on Indonesian government regulations. The potential of solar energy in Indonesia is very large because it is located in the equator. The research tries to measure solar energy in Indonesia region, it use atmega328p microprocessor logger and INA219 current sensor module. The measurement result is used to determine the photovoltaic stand-alone system performance. Measurement variables are sun irradiance, voltage, current, power, energy and temperature. The research method is measurement comparison between photovoltaic system with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and without MPPT. Sun irradiation measurement with solar power meter is compared with sun irradiation data from NASA. Performance Ratio of the photovoltaic system with MPPT is better than the photovoltaic system without MPPT, the best photovoltaic system with MPPT Performance Ratio (PR) result is 0.93.

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Nurbosynov, D. N., T. V. Tabachnikova, and A. V. Sharygin. "ALGORITHMS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR AUTOMATIC CHANGING OF SETTINGS OF REGULATION UNDER LOAD IN THE ONLINE MODE." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2016-6-129-133.

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The algorithms and mathematical models for the automatic detection and changing of settings of dead zones and time exposure of microprocessor systems for operating the drive of device for voltage regulation in power transformers under load (RPN) are developed. A model of the voltage regulator with blocks for automatically changing the stabilized voltage level at the center of power supply and settings of dead zones and exposure time is developed. The graphs of automatic change of settings of under load regulation according to specified algorithms in function of time.

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Xu, Zheng. "Design of Reverse Sensor Based on Solar Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.489.

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This paper introduced a reverse sensor system based on microprocessor and solar power, and the system is composed of ultrasound sensor, controller of reception, and alarm apparatus. The design of hardware and software of reverse sensor system were also declared in details. The results showed that the reverse sensor system could remind the drivers timely in a way of voice and graph. The reverse sensor system erased the potential problems of back up, and improved the security of drive, which had a high practical value. The power supply of the system was obtained from solar power, and the loadings of vehicle power had been relieved. The complexity and harm of install sensor was refrained.

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Rao, R. Prakash, P. Bala Murali Krishna, Sree Chandra S., Fairooz Shaik, and Prasanna Murali, P. "Reduction of Power in General Purpose Processor Through Clock-Gating Technique." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 10, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.a5927.0510121.

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Now a days DC power supply plays very important role in the Electronic industry because for every electronic gadget DC power is required to operate it. Even though durable DC batteries are available in the market to operate the various electronic gadgets for more time, electronic designers are continuously concentrating more and more to reduce the power through the various new Technologies like increasing parallel operations, pipe line concepts [1] etc. To work such durable batteries more duration than the actual duration what they can give, in this work we are concentrating on the 'clock-gating' technique to reduce the power in the general purpose microprocessor. For every microprocessor clock is required. All operations of any processor are performed by the clock cycle. There are various blocks in the processor but all the blocks are not operated at a time while using it, some blocks in the off mode while other blocks are in the working mode. Hence in order to power off such blocks for a little while clock gating is used in this work. Wherever particular block is not operated, for that block clock is disabled by the clock gating technique. The main principle of clock getting is nothing but ANDing the processor clock with a gate-control signal.

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Zhang, Li Guo, and Jing Gao. "Switch Module Designed to Meet the EPS Reliability Intelligent Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 623 (August 2014): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.623.195.

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This paper considers the design of switch module. It is a key part of intelligent control emergency power supply. The working reliability of the switch module is an important performance index. Firstly, paper according to the characteristics that watchdog microprocessor software vulnerabilities and a control state to maintain after crash recovery, the design software reset and hardware reset propose two solutions. Next, data acquisition and data communications hardware are using photoelectric isolation technology. To achieve true electrical isolation, the system uses three power supply witch are electrically independent. And then, module data communication protocol used MODBUS_RTU, and design force control configuration software debugging interface. Finally, Experimental verification of the software programs and hardware circuit correctness and reliability. Module design reflects the improved anti-jamming capability, while more suitable for general purpose, industrialization and production.

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Manoj P. D., Sai, Hao Yu, and Kanwen Wang. "3D Many-Core Microprocessor Power Management by Space-Time Multiplexing Based Demand-Supply Matching." IEEE Transactions on Computers 64, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 3022–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2015.2389827.

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Zaki, A. M., A. A. El-Sattar, S. Wahsh, and S. Amer. "Microprocessor-based speed control of DC motor fed from semiconverter supply." European Transactions on Electrical Power 3, no. 5 (September 6, 2007): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.4450030503.

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Renukarani, S., Bhavana Godavarthi, SK Bia Roshini, and Mohammad Khadir. "A Novel concept on 8-Transistor Dynamic Feedback Control on Static RAM Cell Array." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.20 (April 18, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.12185.

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A novel idea of 8-Transistor (8T) static random access memory cell with enhanced information stability, sub threshold operation may be outlined. Those prescribed novel built single-ended for dynamic control 8 transistors static RAM (SRAM) cell enhances the static noise margin (SNM) to grater low energy supply. The suggested 8T takes less read and write power supply compared to 6T. Those suggested 8T need higher static noise margin than that from 6T. The portable microprocessor chips need ultralow energy consuming circuits on use battery to more drawn out span. The power utilization might be minimized utilizing non-conventional gadget structures, new circuit topologies, and upgrading the architecture. Although, voltage scaling require of the operation completed over sub threshold for low power consumption, and there will be an inconvenience from exponential decrease in execution. However, to sub threshold regime, that data stability of SRAM cell might a chance to be a amazing issue and worsens for those scaling from claming MOSFET ought to sub-nanometer engineering technology.

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Mikhailov, V. G. "APPLICATION OF MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 4 (February 8, 2018): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2017-4-27-37.

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Questions of application of microprocessor systems for their automation are considered an automation condition on existing designs of truck. It is noticed that now the majority of truck exhausted in the CIS are automated only partially. By automation are captured: control, preliminary treatment of a condition of systems and the information on them; control of start, partially control by power-plant work; control of sprinkling fuel; control of power supply; control of brakes, antiblocking systems, airbags; climate control maintenance; illumination.Scopes of microprocessor systems in cars and microcontrollers used for this purpose taking into account that now it is required to expand areas of automation of systems of cars considerably are considered. The analysis of systems and the functions which are subject to automation for truck and special cars is carried, questions of application of microprocessor systems for reception of experimental data on roads (microprofile and longitudinal cross-section) and their use at car modelling, and also maintenance of road safety: distance maintenance between cars, control of blind zones; an exception засыпанияthe driver during movement, reduction of harmful influence from noise and vibrations.It is offered complexing realised functions and systems of their control. The short description and a substantiation of expediency of application of means of automation on the basis of the cheap microprocessor modules Arduino is given, allowing considerably to reduce quantity of used microcontrollers. Block diagrammes of realisation of problems of traction dynamics in package MatLab/Simulink, transformations and horizonting of truck and special cars by means of MC Arduino are resulted. Recommendations to introduction of systems of automation for truck and special cars are made.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microprocessors – Power supply'

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