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1
Chilakamarri, Sunita R. "Genetic differentiation in Alewife populations using microsatellite loci." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-053105-164623/.
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Hey, Grace Valasi, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Identification of individual koalas: microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Hey_G.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/451.
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Current studies of koalas in the wild mainly rely on information gathered by traditional field methods, such as community sightings, spotlighting, radiotracking, animal trappings, ear tagging and faecal pellet incidence. Collection of faeces is potentially the most reliable source of non-invasively obtaining DNA samples, which can be used to identify specific individuals. This thesis demonstrated a simple, rapid and reproducible method of extracting DNA from Koala faecal pellets using a commercially available DNA extraction kit, shows the maximum age of pellets from which DNA can be reliably extracted and defines the conditions required for the long term storage of pellets before DNA extraction is carried out. Mitochondrial DNA PCR analysis provided a simple and rapid indication of the success of both the faecal DNA extraction and pellet collection process. The faecal DNA was successfully used for microsatellite analysis and the subsequent genetic profiling of individuals from within the Campbelltown Koala population. The study paves the way for the analysis of microsatellite loci in koala faecal pellet DAN to study populations, which are too sparsely distributed to allow the capture of individual koalas<br>Master of Science (M. Sc.) (Hons.)
3
Field, Dawn. "Mutation, selection & the evolution of microsatellite loci in microbial genomes /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9911848.
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Dimsoski, Pero. "Variation in microsatellite loci and trait differences in Yorkshire and Large White /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935958845124.
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Henderson, Matt. "The effect of habitat fragmentation on the population genetic structure of the Western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342656.
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Vishakha, FNU. "CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSATELLITE LOCI AND PILOT POPULATION GENETIC ANALYSIS IN HICKORY SHAD, ALOSA MEDIOCRIS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/422.
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The hickory shad (Alosa mediocris) is a relatively understudied species of the anadromous fish sub-family Alosinae. This study, the first population genetic analysis of this species, employed 12 neutral microsatellite loci to estimate genetic diversity and population structure in tributaries of lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia including James River and its tributaries (Appomattox and Chickahominy Rivers), Rappahannock River, and Pamunkey River. Genetic variation was extremely low. Estimates of observed heterozygosity were lower than expected heterozygosity. Significant population structure was detected among the six samples (FST = 0.093, p = 0.01). Effective population sizes were low (Ne ranged from 2 to 134). The lack of genetic diversity, especially compared to that of the American shad, was striking and could be the result of a bottleneck that took place more than thirty years ago which may plausibly account for the low genetic variation observed across all populations.
7
Cunningham, Christopher. "Colerectal cancer genetics : a study of chromosome 8p tumour suppressor loci and microsatellite instability." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21177.
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Fourteen chromosome 8 polymorphic loci were analysed for loss of heterozygosity in 119 colorectal cancers selected at random. Loss of heterozygosity was detected in 59.6% (59/99) of informative cases. Markers were of sufficient density to allow the construction of a deletion map which delineated two discrete regions likely to contain tumour suppressor loci. A 4cM region at 8p22-21.3 between markers D8S133 and LPL and a further locus at 8p21-11.2, between markers D8S137 and D8S136, estimated to span some 17cM. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 8p was found to be independent of tumour site, Duke's stage, patient age, sex and survival. Analysis of 50 sporadic colorectal adenomas revealed a low frequency of chromosome 8p loss of heterozygosity, suggesting that the tumour suppressor loci are preferentially involved in the later stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. The role of defective DNA mismatch repair in colorectal cancer predisposition has been reported recently. These defects are manifested by microsatellite instability. Such instability was noted in tumour DNA during chromosome 8p loss of heterozygosity studies and the project was extended to investigate this phenomenon. The prevalence of microsatellite instability was determined in 245 colorectal cancers. 16.7% (41/245) displayed replication errors at one or more microsatellite loci, suggesting underlying errors in mismatch repair. Cancers displaying microsatellite instability tended to arise in the proximal colon, maintained nuclear diploidy and were associated with a significantly improved survival. The presence of replication errors was independent of patient age and sex, loss of heterozygosity at chromosomes 5q and 17p and immunohistochemistry for p53 protein. Loss of heterozygosity affecting chromosome 8p and defective DNA mismatch repair are frequent genetic abnormalities in colorectal cancers. This project provides important data localising the putative tumour suppressor genes to two discrete regions on chromosome 8p. This will aid future efforts towards cloning and identifying the genes involved. In addition, the prevalence and clinicopathological features of microsatellite instability have been established, in a large population of unselected colorectal cancers, allowing insight into the involvement of this mechanism in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis.
8
Cloutier, Alison. "Assessment of size homoplasy at three microsatellite loci in the California market squid Loligo opalescens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61542.pdf.
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Paz-García, David A., Adrián Munguía-Vega, Tomas Plomozo-Lugo, and Amy Hudson Weaver. "Characterization of 32 microsatellite loci for the Pacific red snapper, Lutjanus peru, through next generation sequencing." SPRINGER, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626030.
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We developed a set of hypervariable microsatellite markers for the Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru), an economically important marine fish for small-scale fisheries in the west coast of Mexico. We performed shotgun genome sequencing with the 454 XL titanium chemistry and used bioinformatic tools to search for perfect microsatellite loci. We selected 66 primer pairs that were synthesized and genotyped in an ABI PRISM 3730XL DNA sequencer in 32 individuals from the Gulf of California. We estimated levels of genetic diversity, deviations from linkage and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, estimated the frequency of null alleles and the probability of individual identity for the new markers. We reanalyzed 16 loci in 16 individuals to estimate genotyping error rates. Eighteen loci failed to amplify, 16 loci were discarded due to unspecific amplifications and 32 loci (14 tetranucleotide and 18 dinucleotide) were successfully scored. The average number of alleles per locus was 21 (+/- 6.87, SD) and ranged from 8 to 34. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.787 (+/- 0.144 SD, range 0.250-0.935) and 0.909 (+/- 0.122 SD, range 0.381-0.965), respectively. No significant linkage was detected. Eight loci showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and from these, four loci showed moderate null allele frequencies (0.104-0.220). The probability of individual identity for the new loci was 1.46(-62). Genotyping error rates averaged 9.58%. The new markers will be useful to investigate patterns of larval dispersal, metapopulation dynamics, fine-scale genetic structure and diversity aimed to inform the implementation of spatially explicit fisheries management strategies in the Gulf of California.
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Castilho, da Costa A. Rita C. F. "Genetic analysis of European seabass (Dicentrarchus Labrax L.) from Portuguese waters using allozyme and microsatellite loci." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21585.
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Genetic differentiation among juvenile samples of the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the coast of Portugal is reported by means of two types of genetic markers: allozymes and microsatellites. Repeat samples were taken from 5 different nursery grounds (Aveiro, Foz, Obidos, Milfontes and Faro) along the coast of Portugal between November 1992 and February 1994. Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to assess the level and distribution of genetic variability of 38 loci. Six of these were found to be polymorphic at the 99% level and were used in population surveys: AAT-3*, ADA *, GPI-I *, GPI-2*, G3PDH-2*, SOD*. Statistical analysis revealed low but statistically significant multilocus F.'I (0.0108, p<O.OOI) values suggesting that population structuring exists along the Portuguese coast line. The results indicate that there is some restriction in gene flow between the more southerly population at Faro and all other sites to the North. Five microsatellite loci were screened in over 300 individuals. High levels of polymorphism (number of alleles observed per locus ranged from 20 to 41) and observed heterozygosities, ranging from 0.45 to 0.89 (mean over all loci = 0.71) were detected. Two loci displayed heterozygosity deficits (Dla6 and Labrax-9) and were not used in population comparisons. Statistical analysis revealed low but statistically significant multilocus FST (0.0025, p<O.OOl) at the other three loci (Dlall, Labrax-3 and Labrax-8). No clear geographic patterns emerged from these results. Overall allozymes performed well when compared to microsatellites, in detecting microgeographic genetic structure in this species. Microsatellites revealed high levels of polymorphism that should prove useful as markers in the management of wild and farmed seabass stocks in the future. The level of differentiation, low values of F ST , detected among the sites is low but is typical of marine species which have a much greater chance of mixing.
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Slabbert, Ruhan. "Identification of growth related quantitative Trait Loci within the abalone using comparative microsatellite bulked segregant analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5477.
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Thesis (PhD (Genetics))--Stellenbosch University, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African abalone, Haliotis midae, is a commercially valuable mollusc and is
mostly exported to the Far East. Genetics research on H. midae has increased
substantially since a genetic improvement programme was introduced in 2006 by
collaboration between Stellenbosch University, government and industry partners. The
development of molecular markers, QTL-mapping, gene-expression and genome
manipulations are the main focuses of the research currently being conducted. The end
goal is to create high quality and fast growing animals for the industry. The present study
focused on the development of microsatellite markers and the detection of quantitative trait
loci (QTL) affecting growth traits (shell length, shell width, wet weight) in this species. A
combination of three methods, namely selective genotyping and bulked segregant analysis
(pooling analysis), single marker regression and interval mapping were used to identify
putative QTL in two full-sib families from two different farmed locations. Additional methods
and protocols were developed that can assist the industry in other molecular research
aspects. A total of 125 microsatellite loci were characterised. A total of 82 of these loci
were isolated using second generation sequencing, a first for any abalone species. A
preliminary, low-density framework linkage map was constructed containing 50 loci that
mapped to 18 linkage groups. The observed genome length was 148.72cm with coverage
of ±47%. QTL analyses revealed two putative QTL for shell width and wet weight, with
17% and 15% variance explained, that mapped on one linkage group in the first family and
three putative QTL, for shell length, shell width and wet weight, with 33%, 28.5% and
31.5% variance explained, that mapped on one linkage group in the second family.
Additional methods and protocols developed include an automated high-throughput DNA
isolation protocol, a real-time PCR assay for H. midae x H. spadicea hybrid verification, a
triploid verification microsatellite assay and a pre- and post-PCR multiplex setup and
optimisation protocol. Future studies focussing on QTL and marker assisted selection
(MAS) should verify the QTL found in this study and also utilise additional family structures
and determine QTL-marker phase within the commercial populations.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse perlemoen, Haliotis midae, is ’n kommersieel waardevolle
weekdier en word hoofsaaklik na die Verre-Ooste uitgevoer. Genetiese navorsing op H.
midae het aansienlik toegeneem sedert ’n genetiese verbeteringsprogram in 2006 deur
samewerking tussen die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, die regering en industrievennote
ingebring is. Die ontwikkeling van molekulêre merkers, KEL-kartering, geen-uitdrukking en
genoom manipulasies is die hooffokusse van die navorsing wat tans uitgevoer word. Die
einddoel is om hoë kwaliteit en snelgroeiende diere vir die industrie te skep. Die huidige
studie het op die ontwikkeling van mikrosatelliet merkers en die opsporing van
groeiverwante (skulplengte, -breedte en nat gewig) kwantitatiewe eienskap lokusse (KEL)
in hierdie spesie gefokus. ’n Kombinasie van drie metodes, naamlik selektiewe
genotipering en versamelde segregaat analise (samevoegingsanalise), enkel merker
regressie en intervalkartering is gebruik om waarskynlike KEL in twee vol-sibbe families
van twee verskillende produksiegebiede te identifiseer. Aanvullende metodes en protokolle
is ontwikkel wat die industrie in ander molekulêre navorsingsaspekte kan ondersteun. ’n
Totaal van 125 mikrosatelliet lokusse is beskryf. ’n Totaal van 82 van hierdie lokusse is
deur die gebruik van derde generasie volgordebepaling geïsoleer, ’n eerste vir enige
perlemoen spesie. ’n Voorlopige, laedigtheid raamwerkkoppelingskaart is saamgestel met
50 lokusse wat op 18 koppelingsgroepe gekarteer is. Die waarneembare genoomlengte
was 148.72cm met ’n dekking van ±47%. KEL-analises het twee waarskynlike KEL vir
skulpbreedte en nat gewig blootgelê wat 17% en 15% variasie verduidelik en is op een
koppelingsgroep in die eerste familie gekarteer asook drie waarskynlike KEL, vir
skulplengte, -breedte en nat gewig wat 33%, 28.5% en 31.5% variasie verduidelik en is op
een koppelingsgroep in die tweede familie gekarteer. Aanvullende metodes en protokolle
wat ontwikkel is, sluit ’n geoutomatiseerde hoë-deurgang DNS-isolasieprotokol, ’n intydse
PKR-proef vir H. midae x H. spadicea hibried verifikasie, ’n triploïed verifikasie
mikrosatellietproef en veelsoortige pre- en post-PKR opstelling en optimaliseringsprotokol
in. Toekomstige studies wat fokus op KEL en merker ondersteunde seleksie (MOS)
behoort die KEL wat in hierdie studie gevind is te verifieer en ook bykomende familie
strukture te benut om KEL-merker fases binne die kommersiële populasie te bepaal.
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Preston, E. Lynn. "Isolation and Characterization of Polymorphic Loci from the Caribbean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber): New Tools for Wildlife Management." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4908/.
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Methods to determine genetic diversity and relatedness within populations are essential tools for proper wildlife management. Today the approach of choice is polymerase chain reaction-based microsatellite analysis. Seven new polymorphic loci were isolated from a microsatellite-enriched Caribbean flamingo genomic library and used to characterize survey populations of Caribbean and African greater flamingos. In addition, four of these loci were used to verify parentage relationships within a captive-breeding population of African greater flamingos. Parentage predictions based upon gamekeeper observations of breeding and nesting did not always agree with genetic-based parentage analyses of the nine suggested family groups. Four family groups were supported (groups I, II, III and VI) by there results. However, an analysis of the remaining five suggested groups, with a total of eight offspring/dam and eight offspring/sire suggested relationships, yielded seven exclusions of the suggested dam and six exclusions of the suggested sire. This put the overall suggested dam exclusion rate at 35% and exclusion rate for suggested sires at 29%. Although the keeper observation data for our family groups must be considered a variable of concern at this time, these findings are certainly suggestive that more carefully controlled studies may reveal that flamingos are not monogamous as long accepted, but rather socially monogamous or even promiscuous. Thus we have now been able to both characterize and demonstrate the utility of our polymorphic microsatellite loci. We hope these results will interest additional wildlife facilities in further parentage and behavioral studies that will collectively aid to improve monitoring and maintenance of genetic diversity, and as provide better insight into breeding habits of both wild and captive populations.
13
Nguyen, Thy Thi Dieu [Verfasser]. "Genetic diversity and distances of Vietnamese and European pig breeds analysed with microsatellite loci / Thy Thi Dieu Nguyen." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1181603676/34.
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Butcher, Bradley J. "Identification and isolation of microsatellite loci from the Trematode Echinostoma Trivolvis for use in interspecific and intraspecific variation studies." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/750.
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The aim of this project was to study the population genetics of Echinostoma trivolvis, a parasitic trematode that uses multiple hosts in its lifecycle and has a significant impact on amphibian populations. Microsatellite markers were to be identified and isolated because of their highly variable nature and reported ease of use with PCR. Parasite DNA was extracted from planorbid snails from several locations within California including: Point Reyes National Seashore, Lake Tahoe, and the San Francisco Bay Area. In addition, parasite samples were obtained from Manitoba, Canada. Several microsatellites were identified and 29 PCR primers sets were designed, six of which were capable of amplifying consistently. Sequencing other published molecular markers, COl, NDl, and ITS, unveiled intriguing phylogenetic relationships and potential cryptic species. The echinostome population in central California, as a result of this project, may be much more diverse than has long been reported in the literature.
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Papachristou, Charalampos. "Constructing confidence regions for the locations of putative trait loci using data from affected sib-pair designs." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124226056.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 122 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Shibani, Naema S. "An investigation of patterns of connectivity among populations of the Australian mosquito (Aedes vigilax) using mitochondrial sequences and microsatellite loci." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366811.
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The fluctuating changes in climate during the Pleistocene period played an important role in population genetic structure of many species in northern and southern Australia. I investigated the population structure and history of a widespread Ross River Virus vector, the Australian saltmarsh mosquito (Aedes vigilax) across the continent. The main aim of this study was to determine levels of connectivity among sites across the continent. This information is important for disease control, because it can inform about the likely spread of pesticide resistance, as well as the scale at which control measures should be undertaken.
In this study, the genetic structure of 379 individuals of this vector (Ae. vigilax) (Skuse) was examined and a comparative approach was taken in analysing patterns of genetic variation. The methods were mitochondrial COI sequence variation and nuclear variation at three microsatellite loci. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA data detected 119 haplotypes of which more than 50% were unique. Bayesian analysis revealed two distinctly divergent clades. Clade-I was only found in eastern Australia (Queensland and New South Wales), whereas Clade-II was found throughout the sampling area (Northern Territory, Western and eastern Australia). A molecular clock calibration was used to estimate the divergence time between the two clades to be 0.924 million years. The Nested Clade Analysis (NCA) indicated that there was significant geographical structure and suggested divergence between clade-I and clade-II by allopatric fragmentation. Increasing aridity during the Pleistocene was suggested as a factor in structuring Ae. vigilax populations. The Carpentarian barrier in the north was hypothesized to be associated with the divergence between the eastern and western clades. In addition, the Murchison arid barrier in the west could explain the low gene flow between south-western population (Perth site) and other western sites.
A recent demographic expansion in the late Pleistocene (6 000 – 13 000 years ago) was inferred from haplotype mismatch distribution analysis. Fu’s Fs tests also indicated evidence of significant population expansion at most sites.
Nested clade analysis demonstrated a range expansion in the western clade, suggesting movement from west to east and from north-western to south-western Australia; while the range expansion in the eastern clade populations was proposed to be from south-eastern to north-eastern. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated contemporary structure at different geographic scales. Overall the mitochondrial gene showed significant levels of population structuring for the subdivision of populations into eastern and western regions. The analysis indicated that individuals of clade-I showed very little genetic structure, whereas clade-II did have significant structure, mostly explained by samples from south-western Australia. The AMOVA analysis of nuclear genes showed some spatial genetic structuring indicating limited gene flow among populations. Microsatellite data supported the geographic structure between east and west, and a significant isolation by distance effect.
I hypothesise that the two clades may have diverged on opposite sides of the continent during the Pleistocene about one million years ago. More recently there has been subsequent secondary contact caused by clade-II individuals expanding their range from west to east. Clade-II populations also showed expansion from the north-west to the south-west; whereas clade-I expanded but only along the east coast. The overlap of eastern clade haplotypes in the eastern region suggested secondary contact among eastern and western clades in eastern Australia. Based on microsatellite data, there was no evidence that the divergence had led to speciation, tests for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, Linkage Disequilibrium and Assignment analyses provided no evidence for reproductive isolation between these two clades. This suggests that the Australian Ae. vigilax is not a cryptic species complex.
In summary, this study demonstrated the importance of contemporary and historical processes in determining the population genetic structure of Australian Ae. vigilax. It suggests that the arid barriers may have had an impact on geographic variation of widespread populations of this species to form east-west fragmentation during the Pleistocene period. The data reveal patterns of recent population expansion of Ae. vigilax populations that in the west expanded from west to east. Then subsequently secondary contact occurs with populations in the east. Studying the ability of Ae. vigilax to disperse is important and may have relevance to control programs to prevent the spread of arboviruses carried by this species.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith School of Environment<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Hunter, Devra Denise. "Did bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas undergo a genetic bottleneck? A test using nuclear microsatellite loci." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2648.
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This study reexamines the nuclear microsatellite analysis by Rooney et al. (1999a) of Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) to determine if this population underwent a genetic bottleneck as a result of 19th and early 20th Century commercial whaling. This investigation used more accurate laboratory techniques to score alleles, had a larger sample size that was divided into two groups (mainland Alaska and St. Lawrence Island (SLI)), and used a moderately different set of microsatellite loci which are more variable and thus, more informative. The results corroborate the findings of Rooney et al. (1999a) for mainland Alaska showing no evidence of a genetic bottleneck. However, the SLI data analyses provide conflicting conclusions. The Wilcoxon test is significant for a heterozygote excess (p = 0.042) suggesting that a genetic bottleneck has occurred. This is not substantiated by the exact tests of each locus or the table-wide sign test. There is a possibility that a bottleneck has occurred, but due to the small sample size this is not a definitive conclusion and warrants reanalysis with a larger sample size.
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Cowen, Saul Jesse. "An assessment of genetic diversity and inbreeding in the Noisy Scrub-bird (Atrichornis clamosus) using microsatellite and Major Histocompatibility Complex loci." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2293.
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The noisy scrub-bird is an endangered songbird restricted to the south coast of Western Australia and has a history of population bottlenecks. This study evaluated the impact that genetic bottlenecks had on genetic diversity of this species using neutral (microsatellite) and adaptive (Major Histocompatibility Complex) genes and how this diversity may influence extinction risk. The results have been used to provide recommendations for future conservation management strategies for this species.
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Tucker, Dominic M. "Validation, Saturation, and Marker-Assisted Selection of Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Adult Plant Resistance to Powdery Mildew in an Elite Wheat Breeding Population." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31600.
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Powdery mildew caused by <i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> is one of the most devastating diseases in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) worldwide. Hypersensitive, race specific genes primarily have been deployed to control the disease, however recent efforts have shifted to breeding for more durable resistance, such as "adult plant resistance" (APR). Molecular markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with APR to powdery mildew must first be validated and QTL effects evaluated in different genetic backgrounds and breeding populations to be useful in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. Eighteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers previously mapped near the three QTL in Massey for APR to powdery mildew were evaluated for association with APR for powdery mildew in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) breeding population derived from a cross between USG 3209 and a moderately susceptible cultivar Jaypee, wherein Massey is the resistance source for APR in USG 3209. Thirteen new SSR markers were added to the pre-existing genetic linkage maps near the three QTL associated with APR in the Becker by Massey (BM) population. Interval mapping analysis of mildew severity data collected in 2002 (F<sub>5:6</sub>) and 2003 (F<sub>6:7</sub>) field experiments with marker genotype data obtained in 2003 (F<sub>6:7</sub>) confirmed the presence of three QTL for APR on chromosomes 1B, 2A, and 2B in the USG 3209 by Jaypee (UJ) population. The QTL on chromosomes 1B, 2A, and 2B explained 12% to 13%, 59% to 69%, and 22% to 48% of the phenotypic variance for powdery mildew severity in the UJ RIL populations, respectively, in the two field experiments. The efficiency of MAS was examined using powdery mildew data collected in 2002 and 2003 field experiments and also from a greenhouse experiment in 2004 (F<sub>7:8</sub>), wherein adult plants of the 293 RILs were evaluated for disease severity using a composite of five different isolates of <i>B. graminis</i>. Selection of RILs possessing the QTL on chromosome 2A and to a lesser extent the one on chromosome 1B was effective in identifying powdery mildew resistance in both greenhouse and field experiments, whereas the effect of the QTL on chromosome 2B was insignificant in the greenhouse. Overall, selecting RILs with QTL on chromosomes 2A and 2B was most successful in identifying highly resistant RILs compared to selecting RILs having other combinations of two or three QTL combinations. The RILs possessing both QTL on chromosomes 2A and 2B had mean mildew severities of 4.4% and 3.2% in 2002 and 2003 field experiments, respectively. Breeders implementing MAS programs for APR to powdery mildew via selection of RILs containing the two QTL on chromosomes 2A and 2B likely will obtain RILs having high levels of resistance in the field. However, combining all three QTL may ensure greater durability of APR, on the basis that resistance conferred by QTL on chromosome 2A and 1B are genetically stable across all environments in this study.<br>Master of Science
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Nadesalingam, Jeyakumary. "Mapping and detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for milk production traits based on linkage analysis using microsatellite markers in Canadian Holstein cattle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/NQ47403.pdf.
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Clark, AnnMarie. "Using microsatellite loci to determine the fine scale genetic structure of a complex of timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) dens in northeastern New York." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014222.
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Fonteque, Graziela Vieira. "Investigação da variabilidade genética de quinze loci de microssatélites em galinhas caipiras brasileiras de ovos azuis." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/861.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-03<br>Brazilian Caipira chicken are hardy birds that, it is believed, show high genetic
diversity. However, there is almost no scientific studies that prove the alleged high
genetic variability of the Caipira chicken. Studies that investigate this issue are very
important, because the scientific evidence of this polymorphism makes the
maintenance and conservation of these animals essential. The gene polymorphism is
fundamental to the perpetuation of the species, besides being a source of alleles for
genetic improvement programs for livestock. The commercial birds, for example,
have lost much of their genetic variability because they have been through strict
selection processes. Even though these animals are highly productive, some features
related to production still deserve the attention of breeders, such as disease
resistance. Some brazilian (blue-egg Caipira) chicken. This coloration of the egg shell
is characteristic of a South American breed of chickens that participated in the
formation of the native caipira chicken. This study used fifteen microsatellite loci to
assess the genetic variability of brazilian (blue egg caipira) chicken. The animals
were from the city of Two Lajeados - RS. By PCR, the amplicons obtained using a
primer labeled with fluorophores were genotyped in an automatic sequencer and the
results analyzed using the statistical program ARLEQUIN. It was detected a total of
168 alleles with an average of 11.2 alleles per locus, 288 genotypes, HE = 0.76 and
HO = 0.49. These results confirmed the suspicion of high genetic variability in
brazilian (blue egg Caipira) chicken<br>Galinhas caipiras brasileiras são aves rústicas, que, acredita-se, apresentam
elevada diversidade genética. Entretanto, quase não há trabalhos científicos que
comprovem a suposta alta variabilidade genética das aves caipiras. Trabalhos que
investiguem esta questão são muito importantes, pois a comprovação científica
deste polimorfismo transforma a manutenção e conservação destes animais
imprescindível. O polimorfismo gênico é fundamental para a perpetuação da
espécie, além de ser fonte de alelos para programas de melhoramento genético de
animais de produção. As aves comerciais, por exemplo, perderam muito de sua
variabilidade gênica por terem passado por rigorosos processos de seleção. Mesmo
que estes animais sejam altamente produtivos, algumas características relacionadas
à produção ainda merecem atenção dos melhoristas, como é o caso da resistência a
doenças. Algumas galinhas caipiras brasileiras colocam ovos azuis. Esta coloração
da casca do ovo é característica de uma raça sul-americana de galinhas que
participou da formação das aves caipiras nacionais. Este trabalho utilizou quinze loci
de microssatélites para avaliar a variabilidade genética de galinhas caipiras
brasileiras de ovos azuis. Os animais foram provenientes do município de Dois
Lajeados RS. Através da técnica da PCR, os amplicons obtidos com a utilização
de iniciadores marcados com fluoróforos foram genotipados em seqüenciador
automático e os resultados obtidos analisados através do programa estatístico
ARLEQUIN. Foi detectado um total de 168 alelos, com média de 11,2 alelos por
locus, 288 genótipos, HE=0,76 e HO=0,49. Estes resultados comprovaram a
suspeita de alta variabilidade genética presente em galinhas caipiras brasileiras de
ovos azuis
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Kazi, Samreen H. "Minimum tile-derived microsatellite markers improve the physical map of the soybean genome and the Flyer and Hartwig genetic map at Rhg, Rfs and yield loci /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1075682461&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2005.<br>"Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemisty." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-176). Also available online.
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Kubota, Thaisa Yuriko Kuboyama [UNESP]. "Study of flow and contemporary pollen dispersal, mating system, spatial distribution of genotypes and inbreeding depression in fragmented population Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze, using microsatellite loci." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150019.
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-03<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze (Lecythidaceae), popularmente conhecida como jequitibá-branco, é uma espécie arbórea tropical típica de estágios sucessionais avançados, característica de florestas clímax. Apesar da sua importância ecológica, a espécie encontra-se ameaçada de extinção, principalmente devido à intensa exploração e degradação de seu ambiente natural. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a diversidade genética, a estrutura genética espacial intrapopulacional (EGE), o sistema de cruzamento e o fluxo gênico contemporâneo de uma população de C. estrellensis, localizada em um fragmento florestal (448,2 ha) na cidade de Bataguassu (Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil), utilizando marcadores microssatélites. Foram mapeadas, medidas (altura e diâmetro a altura do peito) e genotipadas todas as 285 árvores adultas encontradas na área e coletadas sementes de 20 árvores matrizes, 32 sementes por árvore para as análises de forma hierárquica dentro e entre frutos. Utilizando os genótipos de adultos e progênies foram investigadas a herança Mendeliana, ligação genética e o desequilíbrio genotípico de nove locos de C. estrellensis, os quais exibiram herança Mendeliana, não estão ligados e segregam de forma independente. Embora a riqueza alélica ( ), heterozigozidade observada ( ) e esperada ( ) foram similares entre adultos ( = 8,3, = 0,648, = 0,686) e sementes ( = 7,8, = 0,640, = 0,682), estes índices foram significativamente menores nas sementes. O índice fixação médio ( ) não foi significativamente maior do que zero, sugerindo ausência de endogamia nos adultos e nas sementes. A taxa de cruzamento multilocos ( ) foi significativamente menor que a unidade (1,0), sugerindo autofecundações. A taxa de cruzamento entre indivíduos parentes ( ) foi significativamente maior do que zero (0,062) e a correlação de paternidade foi maior dentro ( = 0,835) do que entre frutos ( = 0,062). O coeficiente médio de coancestria ( ) foi maior e o tamanho efetivo ( ) foi menor do que o esperado para progênies de populações panmíticas. O número estimado de árvores matrizes para a coleta de sementes para obter um tamanho efetivo de 150 foi de 52. A taxa de imigração de pólen foi de 9,4%. O raio efetivo de dispersão de pólen ( ) foi de 974 m. A análise de modelagem de dispersão de pólen de Kernel indicou o modelo de dispersão exponencial como o que melhor explica a dispersão de pólen, com média de dispersão de pólen de 610,9 m. Portanto, a população de C. estrellensis não está reprodutivamente isolada devido à dispersão de pólen a longas distâncias e apresenta grande potencial para fins de conservação genética in situ e ex situ.<br>Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze (Lecythidaceae), popularly known as jequitibá-branco, is a tropical tree species typical of advanced successional stages, characteristic of climax forests. Although it ecological importance, the species is threatened with extinction, mainly due to the intense exploitation and degradation of its natural environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity, intrapopulation spatial genetic structure (SGS), the mating system and contemporary gene flow of a population of C. estrellensis, located in a forest fragment (448.2 ha) in the city of Bataguassu (State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), using microsatellite markers. Were mapped, measured (height and diameter at breast height) and genotyped all 285 adult trees found in the area and collected seeds from 20 matrices trees, 32 seeds per tree for the hierarchical analyses within and among fruits. Using the genotypes of adults and progenies were investigated Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage and genotypic disequilibrium of nine loci of C. estrellensis, which exhibited Mendelian inheritance, are not linkaged and segregate independently. Although the allelic richness ( R ), observed heterozygosity ( Ho ) and expected ( He ) were similar among adults ( R = 8.3, Ho = 0.648, He = 0.686) and seeds ( R = 7.8, Ho = 0.640, He = 0.682), these indexes were significantly lower in the seeds. The average fixation index ( F ) was not significantly greater than zero, suggesting absence of inbreeding in adults and seeds. The rate of multilocus outcrossing ( m t ) was significantly less than unit (1.0), suggesting selfing. The outcrossing rate between related individuals ( m s t t ) was significantly greater than zero (0.062) and the paternity correlation was higher within ( p(w) r = 0.835) than that among fruits ( p(a) r = 0,062). The average coefficient of coancestry ( ) was higher and the effective size ( Ne ) lower than expected for progenies of panmitic populations. The estimated number of matrices trees to collect seeds to obtain the effective size of 150 was of 52. The immigration rate of pollen was 9.4%. The effective radius of pollen dispersal ( ep r ) was of 974 m. The analysis of Kernel pollen dispersion modeling indicated the exponential dispersion model as the best explanation for pollen dispersion, with a pollen dispersion average of 610.9 m. Therefore, the population of C. estrellensis is not reproductively isolated due to the dispersion of pollen over long distances and presents great potential for in situ and ex situ genetic conservation purposes.<br>FAPESP: 2014/02675-8
25
Kubota, Thaisa Yuriko Kuboyama. "Study of flow and contemporary pollen dispersal, mating system, spatial distribution of genotypes and inbreeding depression in fragmented population Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze, using microsatellite loci /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150019.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Alexandre Magno Sebbenn<br>Resumo: Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze (Lecythidaceae), popularmente conhecida como jequitibá-branco, é uma espécie arbórea tropical típica de estágios sucessionais avançados, característica de florestas clímax. Apesar da sua importância ecológica, a espécie encontra-se ameaçada de extinção, principalmente devido à intensa exploração e degradação de seu ambiente natural. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a diversidade genética, a estrutura genética espacial intrapopulacional (EGE), o sistema de cruzamento e o fluxo gênico contemporâneo de uma população de C. estrellensis, localizada em um fragmento florestal (448,2 ha) na cidade de Bataguassu (Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil), utilizando marcadores microssatélites. Foram mapeadas, medidas (altura e diâmetro a altura do peito) e genotipadas todas as 285 árvores adultas encontradas na área e coletadas sementes de 20 árvores matrizes, 32 sementes por árvore para as análises de forma hierárquica dentro e entre frutos. Utilizando os genótipos de adultos e progênies foram investigadas a herança Mendeliana, ligação genética e o desequilíbrio genotípico de nove locos de C. estrellensis, os quais exibiram herança Mendeliana, não estão ligados e segregam de forma independente. Embora a riqueza alélica ( ), heterozigozidade observada ( ) e esperada ( ) foram similares entre adultos ( = 8,3, = 0,648, = 0,686) e sementes ( = 7,8, = 0,640, = 0,682), estes índices foram significativamente menores nas sementes. O índice fixaçã... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Doutor
26
Terrazzoni, Licia Giovanna. "Genetic structuring of Eunicella singularis populations along a bathymetric gradient." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6683/.
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Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of an organism to express different morphologies depending on the abiotic and biotic environment. Depth integrating many variables (e.g. temperature, light and hydrodynamics), may affect population structure and dynamics of the populations, as well as connectivity patterns and genetic diversity. Eunicella singularis is a Mediterranean arborescent gorgonian who plays an important rule as engineer species providing biomass and complexity to coralligenous habitats. It has a wide bathymetric distribution ranging from shallow rocky bottoms to deep sublittoral reefs. The species shows two depth-related morphotypes which taxonomic status is not yet clarified. The aim of the study is to analyses genetic variability and/or structuring along a vertical gradient to test the presence of the two morphotypes. Furthermore, a preliminary analyses of the phylogenetic relationship among species of the genus Eunicella has been done. Six populations of Eunicella singularis were sampled from 10 to 60 m depth in Cap de Creus and individuals belonging to Eunicella cavolinii, E. verrucosa, E. racemosa and E. stricta aphyta were collected. The genetic analyses were carried out using five microsatellite loci and ITS-1 sequence polymorphism. The results showed a reduction of genetic variability along the vertical gradient. A threshold in connectivity was observed across 30 - 40 m depth, confirming the presence of two different Eunicella singularis morphotypes. The two morphological forms could be due to phenotypic plasticity, which allowed populations to suit different environmental conditions, or to a break in gene flow that determined the isolation of the two populations and an accumulation of genetic differences. The molecular markers used were not able to clarify the phylogenetic relationship among Eunicella species and the systematic position of the two morphotypes, conversely they risen the question on the existence of single species of Mediterranean Eunicella.
27
Suez, Marie. "Diversité génétique des populations de cerfs élaphe (cervus elaphus) en Île-de-France en liaison avec l'anthropisation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066291.
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Au cours des 60 dernières années le développement des infrastructures de transports (Autoroutes, Lignes Grandes Vitesse, Nationales doubles voies) a fragmenté l'habitat des cerfs élaphe (Cervus elaphus). D'après les observations naturalistes, cette anthropisation a causé la fragmentation de deux populations géographiques existantes en sept dans la partie Sud et d'une en trois dans la partie Nord. Afin d'évaluer l'impact de ces infrastructures sur la structuration génétique de ces populations de cerfs, nous avons échantillonné chacune de ces populations grâce à la coopération de trois fédérations de chasse. Le cours laps de temps écoulé depuis la construction de ces infrastructures nous a conduits à choisir comme marqueurs moléculaires les microsatellites, efficaces dans l'inférence d'évènements récents. Les nouvelles techniques de séquençages (NGS) permettent d'obtenir d'importants jeux de données rapidement, nous avons choisi d'utiliser ces méthodes de séquençage pour obtenir nos données. Aucun logiciel ne permettant de traiter les données de séquençage haut débit des microsatellites pour des espèces dont le génome n'est pas complètement séquencé, nous avons alors réalisé un programme, MicNeSs qui permet de génotyper rapidement et objectivement (sans intervention humaine) un grand nombre d'individus et de locus. Nous avons utilisé MicNeSs pour génotyper 345 individus pour 17 locus microsatellites. A partir de ce jeu de données, nous avons montré l'existence d'une structuration génétique des populations de cerfs élaphe en Île-de-France en liaison avec les infrastructures routières et ferroviaires. Nous avons mis en évidence un effet fort des jumelages autoroutes/LGV et une efficacité différentielle des passages grande faune de 2ème et 3ème génération sur les populations de cerfs élaphe en Île-de-France<br>During the last 60 years, the development of urban areas, main roads, highways and railways in Île de France, has fragmented the habitat of the red deer (Cervus elaphus). According to naturalistic observations, it caused the fragmentation of the two existing putative populations in the South in to seven putative populations and one in three in the North.In order to estimate the impact of the infrastructure on the genetic structure of these populations we sampled each of the putative population with the help of three hunting societies. Due to the short time passed since the first highway construction we chose microsatellite loci as molecular markers, efficient in the inference of recent events. The next generation sequencing (NGS) enable to have quickly important data set, we chose to use this technic to obtain our data. No software permits to treat microsatellites data from NGS for the species without complete genome, we made one program, MicNeSs which genotypes quickly and objectively a lot of individuals and loci. We used MicNeSs to genotype 345 individuals for 17 microsatellite loci. With this data set we showed the presence of a genetic structure of the red deer populations in association with the road and rail infrastructure. We highlighted a strong impact of the paired of highway/railway and a differential efficiency of the wildlife passages of the second and third generation on the red deer populations in Île-de-France
28
Mateus, Catarina Sofia Pereira. "Genetic diversity and population structure of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) across its distributional range." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19736.
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Lampreys are a group of ancient vertebrates with 360 million years of existence. Throughout their evolution, they have acquired local adaptations to the colonized habitats, showing high plasticity and adaptive capacities. The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) is a parasitic and anadromous species that occurs in both sides of the North Atlantic. The aims of this study were to analyse, using microsatellite markers, the genetic diversity and population structure of sea lamprey throughout its distributional range. Analyses demonstrated consistent signs of high population differentiation between European and North American samples (two-groups structure), most probably due to isolation by distance, but low differentiation among populations from the same coast. The apparent lack of homing in this species is in line with its high evolutive success, as homing may bring adults back to natal habitats that have changed, or that are intermittently unfavourable. Analyses also demonstrated higher levels of genetic diversity in North American samples; DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA E ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL DA LAMPREIA-MARINHA (PETROMYZON MARINUS L.) AO LONGO DA SUA ÁREA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO
Resumo:
As lampreias são organismos ancestrais com cerca de 360 milhões de anos de existência. No decorrer da longa escala evolutiva têm vindo a adquirir adaptações aos locais que colonizaram, tendo uma forte capacidade evolutiva e adaptativa. A lampreia-marinha (Petromyzon marinus L.) é uma espécie parasita e anádroma que ocorre em ambas as costas do Atlântico Norte. Este estudo teve como principal objetivo estudar a diversidade genética e a estrutura populacional desta espécie ao longo da sua área de distribuição, através do uso de microssatélites. Os resultados demonstraram forte divergência entre populações das costas Este e Oeste do Atlântico Norte, provavelmente devido à elevada distância entre populações, mas pouca diferenciação entre populações da mesma costa. A ausência de homing nesta espécie terá contribuído para o seu sucesso evolutivo, uma vez que o homing pode levar indivíduos a reproduzirem-se em habitats que se tornaram desfavoráveis ou intermitentemente inapropriados. Os resultados demonstraram também uma maior variabilidade genética nas populações americanas.
29
Marondedze, Claudius. "Functional genomic characterization of fruit quality traits in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7794_1286309138.
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<p> <br></p>
<p align="left">The domesticated apple (<i><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT">Malus </font><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT">x </font><i><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT">domestica </font><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT">Borkh.), belonging to the </font><i><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT">Malus </font><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT">genus of the Rosaceae family, is one of the edible pomaceous fruits. Since it is one of the important commercial fruit crops worldwide, the quality of the fruit is crucial to breeders and farmers as it ultimately determines acceptance of a cultivar for consumption. Fruit quality is also a critical determinant factor that is used to estimate the potential of apples to have a long shelf life. The introduction of marker-assisted selection (MAS) has allowed hastening of traditional breeding and selection of high-quality apple cultivars. The availability of genetic linkage maps, constructed by positioning molecular markers throughout the apple genome, enables the detection and analysis of major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to the quality traits of a given genotype. <br>herefore, the primary aim of this study was to construct a genetic linkage map of the &lsquo<br>Golden Delicious&rsquo<br>x &lsquo<br>Dietrich&rsquo<br>population for the identification of QTLs associated with fruit quality traits and then to examine the apple fruit pulp proteome with a specific focus on fruit firmness. In this regard, genomic DNA was extracted from leaves of the &lsquo<br>Golden Delicious&rsquo<br>x Dietrich&rsquo<br>population and used in megaplex PCR reactions. The PCR products were analysed prior to scoring of alleles. Polymorphic markers were then used to construct genetic linkage maps. The genetic linkage maps constructed in this study comprise of 167 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, 33 of these were newly developed markers. The 17 linkage groups of apple were constructed and aligned to existing apple genetic maps. The maps span 1,437.8 cM and 1,491.5 cM for &lsquo<br>Golden Delicious&rsquo<br>and &lsquo<br>Dietrich&rsquo<br>, respectively.</font></i></i></i></p>
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Souza, Rogério Oliveira. "Estrutura genética e sociogenética das populações e ninhos de Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) determinadas por meio de microssatélites." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5365.
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Previous issue date: 2007-07-04<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>Euglossine bees are important pollinators of many Neotropical plant species, particularly orchids which could present a species-specific bee-flower relationship, essential to the reproductive success of these plants. Orchids produce chemical compounds to attract males of Euglossine bees (the effective pollinators of the
orchids), and these compounds were isolated and are being used to study the biology
of the euglossine males. Allozymes markers, although their low polymorphism content, were widely applied in population analyses. In order to provide a powerful tool to be applied to nest and population genetics research, primers flanking
microsatellite loci were developed for Eulaema nigrita and Euglossa cordata (13 loci each). The use of these markers in 483 euglossine males of Euglossa, Eufriesea, Eulaema and Exaerete species, sampled in several Brazilian biomes and areas, evidenced the presence of only two diploid males, one in Euglossa annectans and other in Euglossa mandibularis. These findings support the hypothesis that diploid males (usually unviable or sterile individuals) occur in low frequencies in Brazilian Euglossine bee populations, a fact that is according to previous studies using allozymes. The application of these markers to nest structure analyses revealed nest
sharing among unrelated females of Eulaema nigrita (eight nests). For Euglossa cordata and Euglossa townsendi nests (11 and seven nests, respectively), analysis demonstrated that monogamy (one female mated with a single male) is the rule, although nest sharing among unrelated females could also occur in E. townsendi. These results give a new focus on the research about population genetics and nest
sociogenetic structure of Euglossine bees, opening new insights on the Euglossini
biology and genetics.<br>As abelhas Euglossini são polinizadores importantes de várias espécies Neotropicais e, particularmente, para as orquídeas, onde a relação espécie-específica abelha-flor pode ser decisiva no sucesso reprodutivo destas plantas. Os machos são os polinizadores efetivos das orquídeas, cujos compostos atrativos produzidos por estas foram isolados e têm sido utilizados em diversos estudos envolvendo os machos de
Euglossini. Os marcadores alozímicos, mais comumente utilizados nos estudos do grupo, apresentam em geral, um baixo polimorfismo, o que limita de certa forma as análises populacionais. Visando analisar de uma maneira mais acurada a genética das populações e de ninhos destas espécies de abelhas foram desenhados primers flanqueando locos de microssatélites em Eulaema nigrita e Euglossa cordata (13 locos cada). O emprego destes marcadores em 483 machos de 23 espécies de
Euglossini dos gêneros Euglossa, Eufriesea, Eulaema e Exaerete provenientes de diversas regiões do Brasil revelou a presença somente de dois machos diplóides, um em Euglossa annectans e outro em Euglossa mandibularis. Estes achados reforçam a proposição de que os machos diplóides (geralmente inviáveis ou estéreis) não são freqüentes em populações destas abelhas do Brasil, corroborando dados prévios obtidos por meio de análise alozímica. O emprego dessa metodologia na avaliação da
estrutura nidal revelou ainda que em Eulaema nigrita (oito ninhos) ocorre o compartilhamento do ninho entre fêmeas não aparentadas. Para as espécies Euglossa cordata e Euglossa townsendi (11 e sete ninhos, respectivamente) os ninhos, via de regra, são formados por uma fêmea acasalada com um único macho, embora para E.
townsendi também tenha sido observado o compartilhamento de ninho por fêmeas não
aparentadas. Os dados aqui apresentados lançam um novo olhar sobre a genética das
populações e a estrutura sociogenética nidal de Euglossini, sendo, certamente, uma
contribuição importante para o avanço do conhecimento a respeito da biologia e
genética deste grupo de abelhas.
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SILVA, Elizabete Cristina da. "Diversidade e estrutura genética de populações suínas locais de no Estado de Pernambuco Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6737.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-12<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>In Brazil, naturalized pigs or animals called locally adapted are endangered species due to the overvaluation of exotic pig breeds that have caused loss of genetic diversity in these populations. Thus, this study aimed to characterize diversity and genetic structure of nine pig genetics groups locally adapted: Baé (n=11), Caruncho (n=07), Canastra (n=29), Canastrão (n=09), Mamelado (n=07), Moura (n=18), Nilo (n=16), Piau (n=17) and mongrel (SRD; n=47) and three exotic breeds (Duroc=04, Landrace=21 and Large White=04) with 18 microsatellite markers as well as testing these markers to allocate individuals from a mongrel population and their actual population. It was detected 198 alleles with 18 loci examined in 190 pigs from 12 genetic groups, all of them were polymorphic with PIC (polymorphic information content) ranged from 0.541 (SW72) to 0.933 (S0005). The results of AMOVA showed that 3.2% of total variation came from the difference between genetic groups (P<0.0001) and 3.6% (P<0.0001) between local and commercials pigs. The average alleles and alleles effectives Nea were lower for commercial Duroc breed (3.65 and 3.008) and higher for mongrel populations (8.89 and 4.53) and Canastra (8.61, 4.58) detaching the high genetic diversity of the last ones. The nine local GG showed greater average value for the rates: alleles average number (Nam = 7.22), Nea (4.18), PIC (0.67) and the expected heterozygosis (He = 0.71), while the heterozygosis observed (Ho = 0.60) was lower due to intrapopulation inbreeding (FIS = 0.17). Using the UPGMA method, Landrace breed was grouped with Canastra, Moura, Canastrão, Baé and Caruncho populations. Another group was formed by populations Piau, Mongrel, Nilo and Mamelado, while Large White and Duroc breeds were isolated from the rest. Based on the two populations (K=2) for allocation of mongrel pigs, most (71.8%) individuals SRD was grouped into separate clusters of commercial breeds. Two clusters seem to accordingly describe the distribution of genetic variability found in 12 GG, which showed low level of differentiation, leading to a complex population genetic structure and the 18 loci were effective to allocate mongrel individuals to their actual population.<br>No Brasil, os suínos naturalizados ou animais ditos localmente adaptados encontramse em via de extinção devido à supervalorização das raças suínas exóticas que tem ocasionado perda de diversidade genética nessas populações. Dessa forma, objetivou-se caracterizar a diversidade e estrutura genética de nove grupos genéticos (GG) de suínos localmente adaptados: Baé (n=11), Caruncho (n=07), Canastra (n=29), Canastrão (n=09), Mamelado (n=07), Moura (n=18), Nilo (n=16), Piau (n=17) e Sem Raça Definida (SRD; n=47) e três raças exóticas: Duroc (n=04), Landrace (n=21) e Large White (n=04) com 22 marcadores microssatélites, e testar a viabilidade desses marcadores para alocar indivíduos de um GG SRD à sua população real. Detectou-se 198 alelos com 18 loci analisados em 190 suínos de 12 GG, todos foram polimórficos com PIC (conteúdo de informação polimórfica) variando de 0,54 (SW72) a 0,93 (S0005). Os resultados da AMOVA mostraram que 3,2% da variação total foram provenientes da diferença entre GG (P<0,0001) e 3,6% (P<0,0001) entre suínos locais e comerciais. As médias de alelos totais e efetivo de alelo (Nea) foram menores para a raça comercial Duroc (3,65 e 3,01) e maiores para os GG SRD (8,89 e 4,53) e Canastra (8,61e 4,58). Os nove GG locais apresentaram maior valor médio para os índices: número médio de alelos (Nam = 7,22), Nea (4,18), PIC (0,67) e heterozigosidade esperada (He = 0,71), enquanto, a heterozigosidade observada (Ho = 0,60) foi menor devido à consanguinidade intrapopulacional (FIS = 0,17). Com exceção da raça Large White, todos os GG apresentaram desvio significativo (P<0,05) para o Equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Utilizando o método UPGMA a partir da distância genética padrão de Nei, a raça Landrace foi agrupada com os GG locais Canastra, Moura, Canastrão, Baé e Caruncho. Baseando-se nos dois grupamentos (K=2) para os testes de alocação dos suínos SRD, a maior parte (71,8%) dos indivíduos SRD foi agrupada em clusters separados das raças comerciais. Dois grupamentos parecem descrever adequadamente a distribuição da variabilidade genética encontrada nos 12 GG, os quais apresentaram baixo nível de diferenciação, conduzindo a uma estrutura genética populacional complexa, e os 18 loci foram eficazes para alocar os indivíduos SRD a sua população real.
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Ambo, Marcel. "Mapeamento de locos de características quantitativas (QTLs) associados a desempenho nos cromossomos 19, 23, 24, 26, 27 e 28 de Gallus gallus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17092007-092324/.
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A partir de uma linha macho de corte e outra de postura, foi desenvolvida uma população experimental F2 com objetivo de mapear locos de características quantitativas (QTLs) para características de interesse comercial. Foi gerado um total de 2.063 animais F2 em 17 incubações que foram criados como frangos de corte até a 6ª semana de idade, quando foram avaliadas seis características de desempenho. As famílias utilizadas para o estudo, foram as que obtiveram maior número de marcadores microssatélites informativos em trabalhos anteriores envolvendo os cromossomos 1 a 5 com a mesma população. Vinte marcadores dos cromossomos 19, 23, 24, 26, 27 e 28 foram testados nos indivíduos parentais e F1 das famílias escolhidas para checar se eram ou não informativos. Após a genotipagem das 5 famílias escolhidas, foram construídos os mapas de ligação e realizada a análise de mapeamento de QTL por intervalo para cada cromossomo utilizando o método de regressão e o modelo genético F2. Dois modelos foram testados: um incluindo apenas o efeito aditivo do QTL e outro modelo que incluiu também o efeito de dominância. Caso fosse identificado QTL com nível de significância no mínimo sugestivo no genoma, os modelos foram confrontados para confirmar o efeito de dominância do QTL. Foram conduzidas também análises complementares com o intuito de detectar interação do QTL x sexo e QTL x família. Foram estimados a porcentagem da variância fenotípica e o intervalo de confiança para cada QTL. No cromossomo 26 foi mapeado QTL significativo a 5% no cromossomo para ganho de peso dos 35 aos 41 dias, e no cromossomo 27 foi identificado, para a característica peso vivo aos 35 dias um QTL sugestivo no genoma. Os QTL localizados nos cromossomo 26 e 27 foram localizados a 0.0 e 103.0 cM e explicaram 1,95 e 2,03% da variação fenotípica, respectivamente.<br>With the objective of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for economically valuable characteristics, an F2 chicken population was developed by crossing a broiler sire line and a layer dam line. A total of 2.063 F2 chickens from 17 incubations were reared as broilers and slaughtered at 6 week of age, when six performance traits were measured. Five families were chosen for this study based on previous work to determine the most informative families. Twenty markers from chromosomes 19, 23, 24, 26, 27 and 28 were tested in the parental and F1 chickens from the chosen families to select the informative markers. After genotyping parental, F1 and F2 chickens, the linkage maps were constructed and QTL Interval mapping analysis was conducted for each chromosome using regression methods and the F2 genetic model. Two different models were tested: one including only the additive effect of the QTL and another model that also included the dominance effect. If at least a genome-wide suggestive QTL was detected, they were compared through standard F tests to confirm the dominance effect of the QTL. Complementary analyses were conducted to investigate the existence of QTL x sex and QTL x family interactions. The percentage of the phenotypic variance explained by the QTL and the confidence intervals were estimated for each QTL. A 5% chromosome-wide significant QTL for weight gain from 35 to 41 d was mapped to chromosome 26 and a QTL that exceeded the genome-wide suggestive threshold for body weight at 35 d was mapped to chromosome 27. This QTL positioned at 103 cM explained 2.03% of the phenotypic variance of the trait and presented a confidence interval from 0 to 111 cM.
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Suez, Marie. "Diversité génétique des populations de cerfs élaphe (cervus elaphus) en Île-de-France en liaison avec l'anthropisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066291.
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Au cours des 60 dernières années le développement des infrastructures de transports (Autoroutes, Lignes Grandes Vitesse, Nationales doubles voies) a fragmenté l'habitat des cerfs élaphe (Cervus elaphus). D'après les observations naturalistes, cette anthropisation a causé la fragmentation de deux populations géographiques existantes en sept dans la partie Sud et d'une en trois dans la partie Nord. Afin d'évaluer l'impact de ces infrastructures sur la structuration génétique de ces populations de cerfs, nous avons échantillonné chacune de ces populations grâce à la coopération de trois fédérations de chasse. Le cours laps de temps écoulé depuis la construction de ces infrastructures nous a conduits à choisir comme marqueurs moléculaires les microsatellites, efficaces dans l'inférence d'évènements récents. Les nouvelles techniques de séquençages (NGS) permettent d'obtenir d'importants jeux de données rapidement, nous avons choisi d'utiliser ces méthodes de séquençage pour obtenir nos données. Aucun logiciel ne permettant de traiter les données de séquençage haut débit des microsatellites pour des espèces dont le génome n'est pas complètement séquencé, nous avons alors réalisé un programme, MicNeSs qui permet de génotyper rapidement et objectivement (sans intervention humaine) un grand nombre d'individus et de locus. Nous avons utilisé MicNeSs pour génotyper 345 individus pour 17 locus microsatellites. A partir de ce jeu de données, nous avons montré l'existence d'une structuration génétique des populations de cerfs élaphe en Île-de-France en liaison avec les infrastructures routières et ferroviaires. Nous avons mis en évidence un effet fort des jumelages autoroutes/LGV et une efficacité différentielle des passages grande faune de 2ème et 3ème génération sur les populations de cerfs élaphe en Île-de-France<br>During the last 60 years, the development of urban areas, main roads, highways and railways in Île de France, has fragmented the habitat of the red deer (Cervus elaphus). According to naturalistic observations, it caused the fragmentation of the two existing putative populations in the South in to seven putative populations and one in three in the North.In order to estimate the impact of the infrastructure on the genetic structure of these populations we sampled each of the putative population with the help of three hunting societies. Due to the short time passed since the first highway construction we chose microsatellite loci as molecular markers, efficient in the inference of recent events. The next generation sequencing (NGS) enable to have quickly important data set, we chose to use this technic to obtain our data. No software permits to treat microsatellites data from NGS for the species without complete genome, we made one program, MicNeSs which genotypes quickly and objectively a lot of individuals and loci. We used MicNeSs to genotype 345 individuals for 17 microsatellite loci. With this data set we showed the presence of a genetic structure of the red deer populations in association with the road and rail infrastructure. We highlighted a strong impact of the paired of highway/railway and a differential efficiency of the wildlife passages of the second and third generation on the red deer populations in Île-de-France
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Silva, Janete Motta da [UNESP]. "Avaliação da variabilidade genética em uma população base de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106173.
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silva_jm_dr_ilha.pdf: 5229353 bytes, checksum: 26881a18397c496d59109ba02eed094d (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>O Eucalyptus camaldulensis, espécie nativa da Austrália, é plantada com sucesso em vários países em função da sua superioridade na produção de madeira, em relação a outras espécies sob condições ambientais adversas, com destaque para tolerância ao déficit hídrico e à alta temperatura. Em abril de 1986 instalou-se uma população base de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, em Selvíria-MS, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa e Extensão - Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, constituída por 25 matrizes, sendo 13 (Lote 14517) procedentes da região de Nott’s Crossing, Katherine River, Austrália, e as 12 restantes pertencentes ao lote 13923 da CSIRO. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi investigar a variabilidade genética da população base e do teste de progênies, baseado na caracterização molecular (locos microssatélites) e quantitativa (caracteres quantitativos DAP, altura, forma do fuste, volume, brotação, densidade básica da madeira e resistência à penetração), para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético. Os caracteres quantitativos foram avaliados dos 20 aos 23 anos após a instalação da população base, sendo que aos 21 anos desbastou-se 83,33% da população base, baseado no índice multi-efeitos, transformando-se em uma população de melhoramento ou pomar de sementes. Em outubro de 2008 instalou-se um teste de progênies a partir de sementes de 136 árvores oriundas da população de melhoramento, e avaliou-se altura total de plantas aos seis meses após instalação do teste de progênies. A caracterização molecular ocorreu em 250 indivíduos da população de melhoramento e em 500 indivíduos do teste de progênies. A população base e o teste de progênies possuem alta variabilidade genética para os caracteres avaliados, mesmo após o desbaste seletivo. Existe seleção para heterozigotos...<br>Eucalyptus camaldulensis is Australian specie that is planted successfully in many countries in function of its superiority in production of wood in relation to other species in adverse environmental conditions, emphasis by tolerance to drought and high temperature. In April 1986 established a base population of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Selvíria-MS in Experimental Research Station, Engineer School of Ilha Solteira, UNESP, with 25 seed-trees, 13 (lot 14517) coming from region of Nott´s Crossing, Katherine River, Australia, and 12 belong to the lot 13923 CSIRO. The main objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of the base population and the progeny test based on molecular characterization (microsatellite loci) and quantitative (quantitative traits DBH, height, stem shape, volume, sprouting, wood basic density and penetration resistance), for purposes of genetic conservation and breeding. The quantitative traits were evaluated from 20 to 23 years after installation of the base population, and logging up 83,33% of the base population with 21 years, based multi-effect index selection, turning into a breeding population or seed orchard. In October 2008 it was installed a test progeny from seed of 136 trees coming from the breeding population, and evaluated total height at six months after installation of the progeny test. There was a molecular characterization in 250 individuals of the improvement population and in 500 individuals from progeny test. The base population and progeny test are highly variable genetic traits, even after selective thinning. There is selection for the heterozygous between progeny and adult phase, and the species has a mixed mating system, producing seeds by a combination of crosses with self pollination, with a predominance of crosses. The improvement population is isolated in terms of gene... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Shreve, Kristyn R. "The Influence of Food Distribution and Relatedness on the Social Behaviours and Proximities of Free-Roaming Cats (Felis silvestris catus)." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1414773468.
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Grana, Jacopo. "Analisi di paternità sulla specie Anguilla anguilla con l'utilizzo di marcatori loci microsatelliti." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10037/.
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L’anguilla europea, Anguilla anguilla, è una specie gravemente minacciata, sia da impatti diretti legati al sovrasfruttamento della specie a tutti gli stadi del ciclo vitale, che indiretti come l’urbanizzazione costiera e la perdita di habitat lagunari. Negli ultimi 45 anni è stata documentata una riduzione del tasso di reclutamento di anguilla europea del 90%. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato approfondire le modalità riproduttive di A. anguilla per via indiretta, attraverso un’analisi di paternità. Il Centro di ricerca universitario di Cesenatico (Laboratori di Acquacoltura ed Igiene delle Produzioni Ittiche – Università di Bologna) ha avviato le prime sperimentazioni su A. anguilla, al fine di mettere a punto un protocollo di riproduzione artificiale. Nell’estate 2015 i ricercatori hanno ottenuto sette riproduzioni spontanee in ambiente controllato, da queste sono state campionate casualmente e genotipizzate circa 40 larve per ogni mandata riproduttiva e i relativi riproduttori per condurre l’analisi di paternità. In ogni riproduzione è stata utilizzata sempre e soltanto una femmina e tre o quattro maschi; le analisi genetiche, condotte utilizzando 9 loci microsatelliti, si sono focalizzate sull’individuazione dei padri e l’assegnamento di paternità è avvenuto con un livello di confidenza medio dell’89%. Dalle analisi effettuate è emerso che: 1) i maschi di questa specie, precedentemente sottoposti a stimolazioni ormonali per indurne la riproduzione e la fertilità, sono in grado di partecipare con successo a più di una riproduzione; 2) più esemplari riescono a fecondare gli ovociti di una sola femmina e sembrano stabilirsi modelli gerarchici di dominanza in quanto si è osservato generalmente che un maschio prevale sugli altri, generando da solo più del 50% della prole.
Questo studio pilota rappresenta, quindi, un punto di partenza per approfondimenti futuri sulle modalità riproduttive dell’anguilla europea.
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Gonzaga, Janete Motta da Silva. "Avaliação da variabilidade genética em uma população base de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106173.
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Resumo: O Eucalyptus camaldulensis, espécie nativa da Austrália, é plantada com sucesso em vários países em função da sua superioridade na produção de madeira, em relação a outras espécies sob condições ambientais adversas, com destaque para tolerância ao déficit hídrico e à alta temperatura. Em abril de 1986 instalou-se uma população base de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, em Selvíria-MS, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa e Extensão - Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, constituída por 25 matrizes, sendo 13 (Lote 14517) procedentes da região de Nott's Crossing, Katherine River, Austrália, e as 12 restantes pertencentes ao lote 13923 da CSIRO. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi investigar a variabilidade genética da população base e do teste de progênies, baseado na caracterização molecular (locos microssatélites) e quantitativa (caracteres quantitativos DAP, altura, forma do fuste, volume, brotação, densidade básica da madeira e resistência à penetração), para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético. Os caracteres quantitativos foram avaliados dos 20 aos 23 anos após a instalação da população base, sendo que aos 21 anos desbastou-se 83,33% da população base, baseado no índice multi-efeitos, transformando-se em uma população de melhoramento ou pomar de sementes. Em outubro de 2008 instalou-se um teste de progênies a partir de sementes de 136 árvores oriundas da população de melhoramento, e avaliou-se altura total de plantas aos seis meses após instalação do teste de progênies. A caracterização molecular ocorreu em 250 indivíduos da população de melhoramento e em 500 indivíduos do teste de progênies. A população base e o teste de progênies possuem alta variabilidade genética para os caracteres avaliados, mesmo após o desbaste seletivo. Existe seleção para heterozigotos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Eucalyptus camaldulensis is Australian specie that is planted successfully in many countries in function of its superiority in production of wood in relation to other species in adverse environmental conditions, emphasis by tolerance to drought and high temperature. In April 1986 established a base population of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Selvíria-MS in Experimental Research Station, Engineer School of Ilha Solteira, UNESP, with 25 seed-trees, 13 (lot 14517) coming from region of Nott's Crossing, Katherine River, Australia, and 12 belong to the lot 13923 CSIRO. The main objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of the base population and the progeny test based on molecular characterization (microsatellite loci) and quantitative (quantitative traits DBH, height, stem shape, volume, sprouting, wood basic density and penetration resistance), for purposes of genetic conservation and breeding. The quantitative traits were evaluated from 20 to 23 years after installation of the base population, and logging up 83,33% of the base population with 21 years, based multi-effect index selection, turning into a breeding population or seed orchard. In October 2008 it was installed a test progeny from seed of 136 trees coming from the breeding population, and evaluated total height at six months after installation of the progeny test. There was a molecular characterization in 250 individuals of the improvement population and in 500 individuals from progeny test. The base population and progeny test are highly variable genetic traits, even after selective thinning. There is selection for the heterozygous between progeny and adult phase, and the species has a mixed mating system, producing seeds by a combination of crosses with self pollination, with a predominance of crosses. The improvement population is isolated in terms of gene... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes<br>Coorientador: Edson Seizo Mori<br>Banca: Alexandre Magno Sebbenn<br>Banca: Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas<br>Banca: Anete Pereira de Souza<br>Banca: Rinaldo César de Paula<br>Doutor
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Souza, Francine Beatriz de. "Historic pollen and seed dispersal in fragmented populations of Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze and Cariniana legalis (Mart.) Kuntze." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153203.
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-09<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Cariniana estrellensis e Cariniana legalis são uma das maiores árvores dos biomas florestais da Amazônia e Mata Atlântica, sendo atualmente vulneráveis à extinção devido ao intenso desmatamento desses biomas. Estratégias para conservação in situ e ex situ são urgentes e estudos de diversidade genética e fluxo de genes são chaves e para esses propósitos. Assim, investigamos a diversidade genética, a estrutura genética espacial (SGS) e o fluxo histórico de genes em populações fragmentadas de ambas as espécies, utilizando marcadores de microssatélites. Todas as árvores encontradas nas populações foram mapeadas, medidas para o diâmetro na altura do peito (DAP) e amostrado o cambio de casca. O índice de fixação (F), em alguns casos, foi significativamente maior em árvores com menor DAP, indicando que as árvores menores apresentam um maior parentesco do que as maiores. Foi detectada SGS significativa para populações de ambas as espécies (60-350 m), indicando um padrão de dispersão de genes de isolamento pela distância (IBD). Para ambas as espécies, foi observada alta imigração de semente (38,5-61,5%) e pólen (80,1-100%), mostrando que as populações não são isoladas geneticamente. Não foi detectada autofecundação, mas o cruzamento entre árvores relacionadas foi detectado nas espécies (8,9-12,5%), sugerindo uma seleção mais forte contra árvores de autofecundação do que se originou do cruzamento entre árvores relacionadas. A distância de dispersão de pólen e sementes em C. estrellensis atingiu longa distância (> 3 km) do que em C. legalis (máximo de 385 m). No entanto, o pólen e as sementes em C. estrellensis e o pólen em C. legalis foram dispersos em um padrão de IBD. Os resultados sugerem que as populações estudadas são adequadas para conservação in situ e ex situ.<br>Cariniana estrellensis and Cariniana legalis, two of the largest trees in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes, are currently vulnerable to extinction due to the intense deforestation of these biomes. Strategies for in and ex situ conservation are urgent, and studies of genetic diversity and gene flow are key aspects needed to develop these strategeis. Thus, we investigate the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure (SGS), and historical gene flow in fragmented populations of both species, using microsatellite markers. All trees found in the study populations were mapped, measured for diameter at breast height (DBH), and sampled for bark cambium. Our results show that in some cases, fixation index (F) was significantly higher in trees with lower DBH, indicating that smaller trees have higher levels of inbreeding than larger ones. Significant SGS was detected in populations of both species (60-350 m), indicating a gene dispersal pattern of isolation by distance (IBD). For both species, we found high seed (38.5-61.5%) and pollen (80.1-100%) immigration demonstrating that populations are not genetically isolated. No self-fertilization was detected, but we did find evidence of mating among related trees (8.9-12.5%), suggesting stronger selection against selfed individuals than those originated from mating among relatives. Pollen and seed dispersal distance for C. estrellensis reached longer distances (> 3 km) than for C. legalis (maximum of 385 m). However, pollen and seeds of C. estrellensis and pollen of C. legalis were dispersed in an IBD pattern. The results suggest that the studied populations are suitable for in and ex situ conservation.
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Sacco, Flavio <1982>. "Struttura di popolazione in gamberi aristeidi (Decapoda, Aristeidae) nel Mediterraneo occidentale mediante l'utilizzo di loci microsatelliti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3534/1/Sacco_Flavio_tesi.pdf.
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Il lavoro svolto durante il dottorato di ricerca ha permesso lo sviluppo e la verifica della attendibilità di marcatori molecolari neutrali (loci microsatelliti) specifici per Aristeus antennatus. Tali marcatori sono stati poi utilizzati per studiare la struttura genetica di popolazione della specie del Mediterraneo occidentale e i risultati ottenuti sono stati confrontati con quelli di un progetto di ricerca parallelo su Aristeaomorpha foliacea, analizzando differenze ed analogie fra le due specie.
I risultati delle analisi su Aristeus antennatus hanno evidenziato una completa assenza di struttura di popolazione e come i due sessi contribuiscano in modo diverso al flusso genico. La specie infatti presenta un sex-ratio a favore dei maschi oltre gli 800m, mentre tale rappoorto è a favore delle femmine in strati più superficiali, dove sono probabilmente soggette a condizioni oceanografiche più dispersive. Tramite test genetici appropriati è stato possibile valutare indirettamente il grado di dospersione dei sessi dimostrando che nell'area analizzati i maschi erano rappresentati maggiormente da individui stanziali, mentre gli individui di sesso femminile erano migranti. Le femmine appaiono pertanto giocare un ruolo preminente rispetto ai maschi nel determinare l'entità del flusso genico. Il confronto dei risultati ottenuti in Aristeus antennatus con quelli di Aristaeomorpha foliacea ha evidenziato la relazione fra alta capacità dispersiva, sia allo stato larvale che adulto, e completo rimescolamento genetico nei gamberi aristeidi nel Mediterraneo occidentale anche se in quest'ultima specie non ci sono evidenze di dispersione genetica mediata dal sesso. E' pertanto di forte interesse (dato anche il valore economico di questi organismi) come una struttura di popolazione qualitativamente e quantitavamente comporabile venga raggiunta con dinamiche di popolazione molto diverse.
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Sacco, Flavio <1982>. "Struttura di popolazione in gamberi aristeidi (Decapoda, Aristeidae) nel Mediterraneo occidentale mediante l'utilizzo di loci microsatelliti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3534/.
Full textAbstract:
Il lavoro svolto durante il dottorato di ricerca ha permesso lo sviluppo e la verifica della attendibilità di marcatori molecolari neutrali (loci microsatelliti) specifici per Aristeus antennatus. Tali marcatori sono stati poi utilizzati per studiare la struttura genetica di popolazione della specie del Mediterraneo occidentale e i risultati ottenuti sono stati confrontati con quelli di un progetto di ricerca parallelo su Aristeaomorpha foliacea, analizzando differenze ed analogie fra le due specie.
I risultati delle analisi su Aristeus antennatus hanno evidenziato una completa assenza di struttura di popolazione e come i due sessi contribuiscano in modo diverso al flusso genico. La specie infatti presenta un sex-ratio a favore dei maschi oltre gli 800m, mentre tale rappoorto è a favore delle femmine in strati più superficiali, dove sono probabilmente soggette a condizioni oceanografiche più dispersive. Tramite test genetici appropriati è stato possibile valutare indirettamente il grado di dospersione dei sessi dimostrando che nell'area analizzati i maschi erano rappresentati maggiormente da individui stanziali, mentre gli individui di sesso femminile erano migranti. Le femmine appaiono pertanto giocare un ruolo preminente rispetto ai maschi nel determinare l'entità del flusso genico. Il confronto dei risultati ottenuti in Aristeus antennatus con quelli di Aristaeomorpha foliacea ha evidenziato la relazione fra alta capacità dispersiva, sia allo stato larvale che adulto, e completo rimescolamento genetico nei gamberi aristeidi nel Mediterraneo occidentale anche se in quest'ultima specie non ci sono evidenze di dispersione genetica mediata dal sesso. E' pertanto di forte interesse (dato anche il valore economico di questi organismi) come una struttura di popolazione qualitativamente e quantitavamente comporabile venga raggiunta con dinamiche di popolazione molto diverse.
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Borrell, Pichs Yaisel Juan. "Loci microsatélites como marcadores genéticos para la mejora del rendimiento en acuicultura de especies marinas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Oviedo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11094.
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Esta tesis se propone como objetivo general comprobar la utilidad de la variación microsatélite en el manejo de poblaciones de tres especies con gran interés económico: el salmón atlántico Salmo salar L, el rodaballo Scophthalmus maximus, y el camarón blanco Litopenaeus schmitti. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los loci microsatélites son útiles para el manejo de reproductores en las estaciones de cultivo a través del establecimiento de pedigríes si se tienen en cuenta: un análisis previo de variabilidad en los reproductores, la posibilidad de mutaciones y alelos nulos y las relaciones genéticas existentes entre los reproductores. No se encuentra una relación alelos-caracteres de interés comercial en el cultivo, aunque si asociación entre la heterocigosidad enzimática y estos últimos mientras parece no existir ninguna relación con la heterocigosidad microsatélite. Nuestros resultados apoyan la idea de que las enzimas, a través del control del metabolismo, juegan un papel fundamental en el incremento de la eficacia biológica de los individuos. Finalmente, los loci microsatélites muestran mayores niveles de variabilidad que la enzimas en poblaciones naturales, aunque el reparto de esa variabilidad genética es similar para ambos marcadores en camarón. No obstante, la mayor variabilidad de los microsatélites permite asignar los individuos a sus poblaciones de origen, lo cual sería de gran utilidad en el manejo de poblaciones naturales y cultivadas.
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Taglianetti, Tatiana Buratto Bordin 1976. "Analise de variação e estrutura populacional em loci de microsatelites baseada em distancias geneticas." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307186.
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Orientador: Hildete Prisco Pinheiro<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T04:40:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho, o principal interesse é estudar as medidas de distância genética para loci de microsatélites baseadas nos desvios absolutos e quadráticos sob o modelo de mutação ¿stepwise¿. Os estudos em microsatélites têm sido cada vez mais freqüentes devido a sua importância na aplicação em mapeamento genético. Desta forma, surgeriu-se um modelo para explicar a mutação nas seqüências de repetições nos loci de microsatélites, que é conhecido por modelo de mutação ¿stepwise¿. Nesse modelo supõe-se que a cada geração,cada alelo pode sofrer mutação para outra classe alélica. Na sua forma mais simples,que é o modelo mutacional de um passo o alelo pode sofrer mutação, aumentando ou diminuindo em um estado com probabilidade B. Vamos assumir o modelo de mutação¿stepwise¿ de um passo para desenvolver as medidas de distância baseadas nos desvios absolutos e quadráticos. Propõe-se dois testes de homogeneidade, um baseado na medida de distância dos desvios quadráticos e outro na dos devios absolutos. Suas distribuições assintóticas são estudadas utilizando-se a teoria de Estatística U. Para verificar os resultados analíticos com respeito a distribuição assintótica, um modelo de simulação foi aplicado baseado no modelo de mutação ¿stepwise¿ de um passo e na teoria de coalescência. Os testes de homogeneidade são aplicados a dados reais com o interesse de verificar se existe ou não diferença na variação do número de repetições para os grupos definidos pela etnia e o índice de alcolismo (ALDX1) em um determinado locus<br>Abstract: In this work, the main interest is to study the measures of genetic distance for microsatelliteloci based on the absolute and the quadratic diferences under the it stepwise mutation model. The study in microsatellite has become the mainstay due to its importance to developgenetic map. Therefore, one suggests a model to explain the mutation that occurs inthe repeated sequence (microsatellite loci), called ¿stepwise¿ mutation model. The modelassumes that in each generation, each allele can mutate to another allelic class. In thesimplest case, which we call the ¿one-step model¿, ones assumes that the allele can increaseor decrease by one unit with probability B. We assume the one-step model to develop themeasures of genetic distance based on absolute and quadratic differences. We suggest two types of homogeneity tests, one based in the measure of quadraticdistance and the other based in the absolute distance. Its asymptotic distributions aregoing to be study using U-statistics theory. In order to certify the analytical results about the asymptotic distribution, a simulation study based on one-step mutation model and coalescence theory was employed. An application using real microsatellite data was performed in order to verify if there are differences in the distribution in the repeat sequence among groups de_ned by ethnicity and alcoholism index (ALDX1) in a determined locus using the homogeneity tests<br>Mestrado<br>Bioestatistica<br>Mestre em Estatística
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Souza, Nayara Lopes de. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO GENÉTICA DE 12 LOCI STRs DO CROMOSSOMO X NA POPULAÇÃO BRASILEIRA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2018. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3984.
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-13<br>Database construction with allelic and genotypic frequencies of STRs has a significant impact on the processes of human identification of different populations. Brazil already has a database of allelic and genotype frequencies of the markers of the autosomal chromosomes and markers of the Y chromosome. However, there are few studies of allelic
and genotype frequencies for markers of the X chromosome. These markers have a high discrimination power and have a high rate of resolution in forensic situations, and genetic linkage analysis. The objective of this study was to estimate, in a Brazilian population, allelic and genotypic frequencies, observed in 12 STR markers of the X chromosome, aiming the consolidation of a population database with applications in genetic linkage research. For this, 1,190 genetic profiles of individuals not genetically related and submitted to genetic linkage tests from all regions of Brazil were analyzed. The samples were genotyped using the Investigator® Argus X-12 system (Qiagen, Germany). Capillary
electrophoresis was performed on ABI 3500 gene analyzer. Allele frequencies were analyzed using Genetix 4.05.2 and Alerquin ® software and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was analyzed using GenePop 4.1.3 and Alerquin® software. Allele and genotype frequencies were obtained for the 12 STRs of the X chromosome, the 15 allele of the DXS7423 locus was the most frequent, presenting a value corresponding to 0.40 in the female sex and 0.44 in the male sex. However, several alleles in all markers presented frequencies lower than 0.01, being considered rare in the population. No Deviation of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was observed in the marker set when analyzed simultaneously. The DXS10135 locus had a higher expected heterozygosity than the other
loci for females, with a frequency of 0.9445. The observed heterozygosity also presented variation regarding the values found, from 0.9160 to 0.6803. Thus, the Argus X-12 system was informative in the Brazilian population and, therefore, a useful tool in forensic practice, particularly in inconclusive cases and in cases of kinship involving high complexity.<br>A construção de banco de dados com frequências alélicas e genotípicas de marcadores STRs tem um impacto significativo nos processos de identificação humana de diferentes populações. O Brasil já possui banco de dados de frequências alélicas e genotípicas dos marcadores dos cromossomos autossômicos e marcadores do cromossomo Y. No entanto, existem poucos estudos de frequências alélicas e genotípicas para os marcadores do cromossomo X. Estes marcadores possuem um alto poder de discriminação e apresentam alta taxa de resolutividade em situações forenses, e análises de vínculo genético. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar, em uma amostra populacional brasileira, frequências alélicas e genotípicas, observadas em 12 marcadores STR do cromossomo X visando a consolidação de um banco de dados populacional com aplicações em
investigação de vínculo genético. Para isso, foram analisados 1.190 perfis genéticos de
indivíduos não relacionados geneticamente e submetidos a testes de investigações de
vínculo genético, provenientes de todas as regiões do Brasil. As amostras foram
genotipadas utilizando o sistema Investigator® Argus X-12 (Qiagen, Germany). A
eletroforese capilar foi realizada no analisador genético ABI 3500. As frequências alélicas
e genotípicas foram analisadas com auxílio do software Genetix 4.05.2 e Alerquin®, o
equilíbro de Hardy-Weinberg foi analisado através do software GenePop 4.1.3. As
frequências alélicas e genotípicas foram obtidas para os 12 marcadores STRs do
cromossomo X, o alelo 15 do locus DXS7423 foi o mais frequente, apresentando valor
correspondente a 0,40 no sexo feminino e 0,44 no sexo masculino. No entanto, diversos
alelos em todos os marcadores apresentaram frequências inferiores a 0,01, sendo
considerados raros na população. Não foi observado desvio do Equilíbrio de Hardy-
Weinberg no conjunto de marcadores quando analisados simultaneamente. O locus
DXS10135 apresentou uma heterozigosidade esperada maior em relação aos outros loci
para os indivíduos do sexo feminino, com frequência 0,9445. A heterozigosidade
observada também apresentou variação quanto aos valores encontrados, de 0,9160 a
0,6803. Sendo assim, o sistema Argus X-12 apresentou-se informativo na população
brasileira, sendo, portanto, uma ferramenta útil na prática forense, particularmente em
casos inconclusivos e em casos de parentesco envolvendo alta complexidade.
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Rodovalho, Ricardo Goulart. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema multiplex de loci STRs autossômicos polimórficos para a identificação humana." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7918.
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Previous issue date: 2017-09-05<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG<br>The main scope of the current study was to develop a short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex system, made up of 22 highly informative loci, for application in forensic genetics. The system comprised of 21 polymorphic autosomal short tandem repeat loci, namely D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, FGA, D2S441, D17S1301, D19S433, D18S853, D20S482 and D14S1434, and the amelogenin gene locus. Strategies were developed to overcome the challenges involved in creating a multiplex system. Based on the literature and available databases, STR loci were selected to obtain discriminatory markers, and followed specific criteria for this purpose. Primers were designed using the Primer3 software and the AutoDimer was used to evaluate potential interactions between them. The 21 selected STR loci were validated individually and jointly, both to assess their sensitivity and to test the efficiency of the multiplex system. Statistical analyses were based on the genetic data of 450 unrelated individuals living in the State of Goiás, thus allowing the establishment of the parameters necessary to use this system. A total of 239 alleles were detected for the 21 loci in the set, allowing for a probability of identity of 4.23 x 10-25 to be obtained. The combined power of discrimination was 0.999999999999999999999999 and the combined power of exclusion was 0.99999. Upon complete validation of the entire system, this multiplex assay was considered to be a powerful tool for application in human identification by DNA analysis.<br>O escopo principal do atual estudo foi o desenvolvimento de um sistema multiplex de loci STR, composto por 22 loci altamente informativos para aplicação em genética forense. O sistema compreendeu 21 loci STRs polimórficos autossômicos, a seguir D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, FGA, D2S441, D17S1301, D19S433, D18S853, D20S482 e D14S1434, e o locus do gene da amelogenina. As estratégias foram desenvolvidas para superar os desafios envolvidos na criação de um sistema multiplex. Com base na literatura e nas bases de dados disponíveis, os loci STRs foram selecionados para obter marcadores discriminatórios e seguiram critérios específicos para esse fim. Os primers foram projetados usando o software Primer3, e o AutoDimer foi usado para avaliar potenciais interações entre eles. Os 22 loci selecionados foram validados individualmente e em conjunto, tanto para avaliar sua sensibilidade quanto para testar a eficiência do sistema multiplex. As análises estatísticas foram baseadas nos dados genéticos de 450 indivíduos não relacionados e residentes no estado de Goiás, permitindo assim estabelecer os parâmetros necessários para a utilização do sistema. Um total de 239 alelos foram detectados para os 21 loci do conjunto, permitindo obter uma probabilidade de identidade de 4,23 x 10-25. O poder combinado de discriminação foi 0,999999999999999999999999 e o poder combinado de exclusão foi 0,99999. Após a validação completa de todo o sistema, este ensaio de multiplex foi considerado uma ferramenta poderosa para aplicação na identificação humana pela análise do DNA.
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Simard, Frédéric. "Variabilité génétique et flux de gènes chez les moustiques anophèles arabiensis et anophèles gambiae, vecteurs du paludisme en Afrique. Apport des loci microsatellites." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10147.
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Bien connaitre les systèmes vectoriels responsables de la transmission de pathologies humaines est d'une importance primordiale pour mieux comprendre l'épidémiologie de la maladie et en optimiser les moyens de contrôle. Dans ce but, nous avons étudié la génétique des populations d'anophèles arabiensis et dans une moindre mesure d'anophèles gambiae, deux espèces jumelles de moustiques responsables de la plus grande part de la transmission du paludisme en Afrique. L'outil moléculaire préconisé a été l'utilisation de marqueurs microsatellites récemment isoles chez an. Gambiae. Neuf loci polymorphes ont été sélectionnés. L'analyse de la répartition de la variabilité génétique entre et au sein des populations naturelles d'an. Arabiensis a été conduite (I) dans l'espace et (II) dans le temps. Une forte différenciation génétique a été révélée entre populations prélevées au Sénégal, à Madagascar et sur deux iles de l'archipel des Mascareignes, la réunion et l'ile Maurice, mettant en exergue le rôle majeur de facteurs historiques souvent anthropiques (colonisation, campagnes de lutte anti vectorielle) et des composantes géographiques (barrières à la dispersion) sur la structuration des populations. Au Sénégal, les populations apparaissent peu différenciées géographiquement. De plus, la composition allelique est très stable dans le temps, en dépit des fortes fluctuations saisonnières en densité observées dans les zones sahéliennes. Chez an. Gambiae, une très faible différenciation génétique a été révélée entre les cytotypes Mopti et savane collectés dans une zone de sympatrie en cote d'ivoire, alors que l'isolement reproductif semble important. Le caractère informatif des loci microsatellites et la pertinence des informations qu'ils procurent pour l'étude de la structure génétique des populations au sein de ce systeme vectoriel sont discutés. Une attention particulière est portée sur les implications de ces résultats dans le domaine de la lutte anti vectorielle.
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Maybruck, Julie Lauren. "The identification and characterization of new y-chromosome short tandem repeat LOCI and a closer look at the YpXq 3-4mb homology block." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1085600591.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 133 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-133). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Baccarani, Gianluca <1983>. "Identificazione e validazione di marcatori molecolari, fisiologici ed ambientali per la gestione delle risorse alieutiche lagunari." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1255.
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La vongola filippina Ruditapes philippinarum rappresenta una delle principali risorse economiche per l’acquacoltura nel Nord Adriatico. Molte criticità di gestione rimangono irrisolte, specialmente nella Laguna di Venezia: pesca illegale, rischi per la salute, overfishing. Qualità e integrità ambientale dei siti di allevamento sono dunque aspetti di indagine fondamentali. Il presente progetto si inserisce nell’ambito di un approccio integrato per la gestione della risorsa e la specifica messa a punto di un percorso di tracciabilità di filiera. È stato analizzato il contenuto di metalli pesanti e la loro biodisponibilità nei sedimenti; sono state condotte analisi di bioaccumulo e quantificato il contenuto di metallotioneine negli organismi; è stata valutata la diversità genetica delle popolazioni tramite l’utilizzo di marcatori del DNA nucleare e mitocondriale. Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti dalle analisi chimiche è possibile esprimere un giudizio positivo sullo stato di salute delle aree indagate, anche se la gestione dei siti può essere migliorata in un’ottica di sostenibilità e mitigazione degli impatti; le analisi genetiche hanno mostrato un chiaro differenziamento biogeografico degli aplotipi e il verificarsi di eventi introduttivi multipli. La presente ricerca presenta notevoli prospettive future, sia in termini di conoscenza di base, sia in termini applicativi.<br>Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum represents one of the main economic resources for Northern Adriatic aquaculture. Many management issues are still unsolved, especially in the Venice Lagoon: illegal fishing, health risks, overfishing. Hence, the evaluation of quality and integrity of production sites is a very important topic. The present work is part of an integrated and multidisciplinar approach aimed at improving the management of the resource and also developing a specific traceability path. Heavy metals content both in sediments and organisms was determined; also, metallothioneins levels were evaluated. Finally, the level of genetic diversity among populations was assessed, through specific molecular markers. Results showed that, in general, the environmental quality of farming sites could be considered as quite good, although management of clam farming shoud be improved for a sustainable exploitation of the resource and for a mitigation of impacts. Genetic analysis showed a clear geographic structuring of haplotypes and the occurrence of multiple introduction events from different recruitment stocks. The present project presents interesting future perspectives, both in terms of basic knowledge and application.
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Morceli, Thaiza Galhardo Silva. "Mapeamento molecular do loco Rpp5 de resistência à ferrugem asiática da soja /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102821.
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Resumo: A ferrugem asiática da soja, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Sidow & P. Sidow) foi relatada no Brasil ao final da safra 2001 e já nas safras seguintes, ocasionou severas perdas de produtividade. Cinco genes de resistência à ferrugem asiática da soja (Rpp1 a Rpp5) estão descritos na literatura. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores moleculares microssatélites ligados ao gene de resistência a P. pachyrhizi presente na linhagem de soja PI 200526. Uma população de plantas F2 derivada do cruzamento entre esta linhagem e a cultivar suscetível Coodetec 208, foi artificialmente inoculada e avaliada quanto à sua reação de resistência à ferrugem. Marcadores microssatélites foram testados nos genitores e em dois bulks contrastantes para possibilitar a identificação de possíveis marcadores ligados. Os três marcadores polimórficos que foram caracterizados como potencialmente associados com a resistência à ferrugem asiática foram, posteriormente, avaliados em toda a população. A resistência comportou-se como governada por um gene com dominância completa. O gene de resistência da PI 200526 foi mapeado no grupo de ligação N da soja, estando próximo ao marcador Sat_166. Existe grande possibilidade de que o gene mapeado neste estudo corresponda ao novo loco de resistência à ferrugem asiática da soja, denominado de Rpp5, recentemente descrito.<br>Abstract: The Asian soybean rust caused by the Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Sidow & P. Sidow) fungus was related in Brazil at the end of 2001 crop year, and already in the following seasons, caused severe losses in productivity. Five distinct resistance genes to Asian rust (Rpp1 to Rpp5) are described. The main objective of this work was to identify microsatellite markers linked to a resistance gene to P. pachyrhizi present in the soybean line PI 200526. One population of F2 plants originated from the cross between this resistant line and the suscetible cultivar Coodetec 208 was artificially inoculated and evaluated for the Asian rust resistance. Microsatellite markers were tested on parents and in the two contrasting bulks to enable the identification of linked markers. The three polymorphic markers that were identified potentially associated with resistance to Asian rust were then evaluated throughout the progeny. The resistance showed to be governed by a gene with complete dominance. The resistance gene of PI 200526 was mapped on the soybean linkage group N, being close to Sat_166 marker. Possibly, the gene mapped on this linkage group is part of the new locus of resistance to Asian soybean rust, called Rpp5, recently described.<br>Orientador: Antonio Orlando Di Mauro<br>Coorientadora: Sandra Helena Unêda Trevisoli<br>Banca: Eduardo Antonio Gavioli<br>Banca: Lucimara Chiari<br>Banca: Janete Apparecida Desidério Sena<br>Banca: Manoel Victor Franco Lemos<br>Doutor
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Morceli, Thaiza Galhardo Silva [UNESP]. "Mapeamento molecular do loco Rpp5 de resistência à ferrugem asiática da soja." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102821.
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morceli_tgs_dr_jabo.pdf: 699244 bytes, checksum: f1671e3db3a2b611f86d79aaccfe36e0 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>A ferrugem asiática da soja, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Sidow & P. Sidow) foi relatada no Brasil ao final da safra 2001 e já nas safras seguintes, ocasionou severas perdas de produtividade. Cinco genes de resistência à ferrugem asiática da soja (Rpp1 a Rpp5) estão descritos na literatura. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores moleculares microssatélites ligados ao gene de resistência a P. pachyrhizi presente na linhagem de soja PI 200526. Uma população de plantas F2 derivada do cruzamento entre esta linhagem e a cultivar suscetível Coodetec 208, foi artificialmente inoculada e avaliada quanto à sua reação de resistência à ferrugem. Marcadores microssatélites foram testados nos genitores e em dois bulks contrastantes para possibilitar a identificação de possíveis marcadores ligados. Os três marcadores polimórficos que foram caracterizados como potencialmente associados com a resistência à ferrugem asiática foram, posteriormente, avaliados em toda a população. A resistência comportou-se como governada por um gene com dominância completa. O gene de resistência da PI 200526 foi mapeado no grupo de ligação N da soja, estando próximo ao marcador Sat_166. Existe grande possibilidade de que o gene mapeado neste estudo corresponda ao novo loco de resistência à ferrugem asiática da soja, denominado de Rpp5, recentemente descrito.<br>The Asian soybean rust caused by the Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Sidow & P. Sidow) fungus was related in Brazil at the end of 2001 crop year, and already in the following seasons, caused severe losses in productivity. Five distinct resistance genes to Asian rust (Rpp1 to Rpp5) are described. The main objective of this work was to identify microsatellite markers linked to a resistance gene to P. pachyrhizi present in the soybean line PI 200526. One population of F2 plants originated from the cross between this resistant line and the suscetible cultivar Coodetec 208 was artificially inoculated and evaluated for the Asian rust resistance. Microsatellite markers were tested on parents and in the two contrasting bulks to enable the identification of linked markers. The three polymorphic markers that were identified potentially associated with resistance to Asian rust were then evaluated throughout the progeny. The resistance showed to be governed by a gene with complete dominance. The resistance gene of PI 200526 was mapped on the soybean linkage group N, being close to Sat_166 marker. Possibly, the gene mapped on this linkage group is part of the new locus of resistance to Asian soybean rust, called Rpp5, recently described.
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Rêgo, Juliana Jannuzzi Duclos do. "Caracterização da distribuição de alelos de loci STR do cromossomo Y com elevada taxa de mutação em uma amostra populacional do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9453.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Marcadores genéticos presentes no cromossomo Y, como os microssatélites (Y-STRs) e polimorfismos de único nucleotídeo (Y-SNPs) são utilizados na caracterização de linhagens masculinas, visto que são transmitidos às gerações seguintes sem alterações, a menos que ocorram mutações (Singh et al., 2011; Mitchell & Hammer, 1996; Butler, 2009). Por isso, esses marcadores são amplamente empregados em diversas situações, destacando-se o uso constante dos Y-STRs na genética forense por apresentarem alta capacidade de discriminar linhagens. Recentemente, foram descritos 13 marcadores com taxas de mutação substancialmente superiores àquelas verificadas para loci STR do cromossomo Y, denominados Rapidly Mutating (RM) Y-STRs (Ballantyne et al., 2010; Kayser et al., 2012). Devido às taxas de mutação elevadas, os RM-YSTRs apresentam maior eficiência na discriminação entre indivíduos proximamente relacionados, pertencentes à mesma linhagem patrilínea. O presente trabalho buscou aprofundar o conhecimento acerca das características populacionais e mutacionais dos loci RM-YSTRs em amostra do Rio de Janeiro, contribuindo com estudos desta natureza na população brasileira. Realizou-se a análise de 13 loci do cromossomo Y em 258 indivíduos do sexo masculino, compondo 129 pares de pais e filhos, nascidos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O DNA das amostras foi extraído, conforme os protocolos vigentes na rotina do LDD-UERJ. As sequências genéticas de interesse foram amplificadas pela técnica de reação em cadeira da polimerase (PCR) através da realização de três PCR multiplex, cujos produtos de amplificação foram separados por eletroforese em sequenciador automático ABI-3500 (Applied Biosystems). Para os pares pai/filho que apresentaram haplótipos mutados, empregou-se a técnica de sequenciamento para confirmação das mutações. Os loci RM-YSTR geraram um poder de discriminação de 1,0 na amostra analisada, o que significa que todos os 129 indivíduos da amostra populacional apresentaram haplótipos diferentes para tais marcadores, com frequências de 0,0077 e diversidade haplotípica igual a 1. Além disso, foram obtidos valores elevados de diversidade gênica para os 13 marcadores. A análise de distância genética e os resultados de AMOVA baseados nos valores de Fst demonstraram que os RM-YSTR não indicam subdivisão populacional e traços ancestrais comuns. Tais valores estão associados às elevadas taxas de mutação encontradas, cuja média foi de 2,11 x 10-2. Foi possível observar que os loci RM-YSTR são muito discriminativos na amostra miscigenada analisada, além de terem maior capacidade de diferenciar indivíduos do que outros conjuntos de marcadores normalmente usados em estudos populacionais e análises forenses. Sendo assim, é possível concluir que os marcadores RM-YSTR são promissores para discriminar indivíduos da mesma linhagem patrilínea, visto que devido às suas elevadas taxas mutacionais e poder de discriminação, são capazes de diferenciar indivíduos de maneira mais eficiente do que os outros conjuntos de STR. Porém, é necessário maior número de estudos para melhor caracterização destes loci em diferentes populações.<br>Genetic markers on Y chromosome, as microsatellites (Y-STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) are used for the characterization of male lineages, since they are fully transmitted to next generations unless mutations occurs (Singh et al., 2011; Mitchell & Hammer, 1996; Butler, 2009). Therefore, these markers are widely applied in several situations, highlighting the constant use of Y-STRs in the field of forensic genetics because of their high capacity of discriminate lineages. Recently, 13 rapidly mutating markers were described due to their highly mutation rates in comparison to other common Y-chromosome STRs, being called as Rapidly Mutating Y-STR (RM-YSTR) (Ballantyne et al., 2010; Kayser et al., 2012). As a result of their high mutation rates, RM-YSTRs display high efficiency in discriminating paternally related males. The present work aimed to deepen the knowledge about population and mutational RM-YSTR loci characteristics in Rio de Janeiro sample, and then, contribute to other studies with this purpose in Brazilian population. Y chromosome 13 STRs analysis was realized in 258 males born in Rio de Janeiro state, grouped in 129 fathers/sons pairs. The extraction of DNA from biological samples was performed according to routine protocols from LDD-UERJ. Target sequences were amplified by three polimerase chain reactions (PCR) and the amplicons were separated through electrophoresis on automated sequencer ABI-3500 (Applied Biosystems). When mutations were detected, they were confirmed by sequencing. Among the investigated sample, RM-YSTR loci showed a discrimination capacity of 1,0 which means that all 129 analyzed individuals have different haplotypes for these markers, displaying frequencies of 0,0077 and haplotype diversity of 1,0. Moreover, high values of genetic diversities were obtained for the 13 markers. Distance genetic analysis and AMOVA values based on Fst results did not show population substructure and common ancestral traits. These results are associated with high mutation rates found, with an average rate about 2,11 x 10-2. RM-YSTR showed to be very discriminative at this mixed sample, besides proving to be more discriminative than other markers commonly used in population studies and forensic analysis. Thus, it is possible to conclude that RM-YSTR markers are promising to discriminate individuals of the same male strain and due to their high mutation rates and discrimination capacity, they are able to differentiate individuals better than other common markers. Nevertheless, for a better characterization of these loci in different populations more studies are needed.