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Journal articles on the topic 'Microscale atmospheric dispersion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Folch, Arnau, Jordi Barcons, Tomofumi Kozono, and Antonio Costa. "High-resolution modelling of atmospheric dispersion of dense gas using TWODEE-2.1: application to the 1986 Lake Nyos limnic eruption." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 6 (2017): 861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-861-2017.

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Abstract. Atmospheric dispersal of a gas denser than air can threat the environment and surrounding communities if the terrain and meteorological conditions favour its accumulation in topographic depressions, thereby reaching toxic concentration levels. Numerical modelling of atmospheric gas dispersion constitutes a useful tool for gas hazard assessment studies, essential for planning risk mitigation actions. In complex terrains, microscale winds and local orographic features can have a strong influence on the gas cloud behaviour, potentially leading to inaccurate results if not captured by co

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Lin, Dongqi, Basit Khan, Marwan Katurji, Leroy Bird, Ricardo Faria, and Laura E. Revell. "WRF4PALM v1.0: a mesoscale dynamical driver for the microscale PALM model system 6.0." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 5 (2021): 2503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2503-2021.

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Abstract. A set of Python-based tools, WRF4PALM, has been developed for offline nesting of the PALM model system 6.0 into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modelling system. Time-dependent boundary conditions of the atmosphere are critical for accurate representation of microscale meteorological dynamics in high-resolution real-data simulations. WRF4PALM generates initial and boundary conditions from WRF outputs to provide time-varying meteorological forcing for PALM. The WRF model has been used across the atmospheric science community for a broad range of multidisciplinary applicatio

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Liang, Qian, Yucong Miao, Gen Zhang, and Shuhua Liu. "Simulating Microscale Urban Airflow and Pollutant Distributions Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Model: A Review." Toxics 11, no. 11 (2023): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110927.

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Urban surfaces exert profound influences on local wind patterns, turbulence dynamics, and the dispersion of air pollutants, underscoring the critical need for a thorough understanding of these processes in the realms of urban planning, design, construction, and air quality management. The advent of advanced computational capabilities has propelled the computational fluid dynamics model (CFD) into becoming a mature and widely adopted tool to investigate microscale meteorological phenomena in urban settings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of CFD-based microsca

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Badeke, Ronny, Volker Matthias, and David Grawe. "Parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion of ship exhaust gas in the near field." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 8 (2021): 5935–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5935-2021.

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Abstract. Estimating the impact of ship emissions on local air quality is a topic of high relevance, especially in large harbor cities. For chemistry-transport modeling studies, the initial plume rise and dispersion play a crucial role for the distribution of pollutants into vertical model layers. This study aims at parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion in the near field of a prototype cruise ship, depending on several meteorological and technical input parameters. By using the microscale chemistry, transport and stream model (MITRAS), a parameterization scheme was developed to calcu

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Tiwari, Arvind, Prashant Kumar, Richard Baldauf, et al. "Considerations for evaluating green infrastructure impacts in microscale and macroscale air pollution dispersion models." Science of The Total Environment 672 (March 26, 2019): 410–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.350.

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Green infrastructure (GI) in urban areas may be adopted as a passive control system to reduce air pollutant concentrations. However, current dispersion models offer limited modelling options to evaluate its impact on ambient pollutant concentrations. The scope of this review revolves around the following question: how can GI be considered in readily available dispersion models to allow evaluation of its impacts on pollutant concentrations and health risk assessment? We examined the published literature on the parameterisation of deposition velocities and datasets for both p

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Trini Castelli, S., G. Tinarelli, and T. G. Reisin. "Comparison of atmospheric modelling systems simulating the flow, turbulence and dispersion at the microscale within obstacles." Environmental Fluid Mechanics 17, no. 5 (2017): 879–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10652-017-9520-5.

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Shcherbina, Andrey Y., Miles A. Sundermeyer, Eric Kunze, et al. "The LatMix Summer Campaign: Submesoscale Stirring in the Upper Ocean." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 8 (2015): 1257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00015.1.

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Abstract Lateral stirring is a basic oceanographic phenomenon affecting the distribution of physical, chemical, and biological fields. Eddy stirring at scales on the order of 100 km (the mesoscale) is fairly well understood and explicitly represented in modern eddy-resolving numerical models of global ocean circulation. The same cannot be said for smaller-scale stirring processes. Here, the authors describe a major oceanographic field experiment aimed at observing and understanding the processes responsible for stirring at scales of 0.1–10 km. Stirring processes of varying intensity were studi

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Farkas, Orsolya, and Ákos Török. "Dust deposition, microscale flow- and dispersion model of particulate matter, examples from the city center of Budapest." Időjárás 12, no. 1 (2019): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.28974/idojaras.2019.1.3.

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Weger, Michael, and Bernd Heinold. "Air pollution trapping in the Dresden Basin from gray-zone scale urban modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 21 (2023): 13769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13769-2023.

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Abstract. The microscale variability of urban air pollution is essentially driven by the interaction between meteorology and urban topography, which remains challenging to represent spatially accurately and computationally efficiently in urban dispersion models. Natural topography can additionally exert a considerable amplifying effect on urban background pollution, depending on atmospheric stability. This requires an equally important representation in models, as even subtle terrain-height variations can enforce characteristic local flow regimes. In this model study, the effects of urban and

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Varentsov, A. I., V. M. Stepanenko, E. V. Mortikov, A. V. Debolskiy, R. D. Kouznetsov, and M. Sofiev. "On the use of large-eddy simulation time data coarsening for dispersion forecasting in the SILAM atmospheric composition model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1023, no. 1 (2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1023/1/012008.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of one-way coupling of a large eddy simulation model and an atmospheric composition and diffusion complex SILAM. This study investigates a possibility of large eddy simulation time data coarsening (filtering) for use in SILAM for microscale calculations. Experiments with scalar tracers with a limited lifetime are carried out under conditions of convective boundary layer. A comparison between the calculations with filtered and nonfiltered data demonstrate that time data coarsening is possible without a significant loss in accuracy for tracers whose lifeti

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KAVASSERI, RAJESH G., and RADHAKRISHNAN NAGARAJAN. "A QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARY LAYER WIND SPEED RECORDS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 06, no. 02 (2006): L201—L213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021947750600329x.

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The complexity of the atmosphere endows it with the property of turbulence by virtue of which, wind speed variations in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) exhibit highly irregular fluctuations that persist over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Despite the large and significant body of work on microscale turbulence, understanding the statistics of atmospheric wind speed variations has proved to be elusive and challenging. Knowledge about the nature of wind speed at ABL has far reaching impact on several fields of research such as meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, pollutant disp

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Jacob, Jérôme, Lucie Merlier, Felix Marlow, and Pierre Sagaut. "Lattice Boltzmann Method-Based Simulations of Pollutant Dispersion and Urban Physics." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (2021): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070833.

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Mesocale atmospheric flows that develop in the boundary layer or microscale flows that develop in urban areas are challenging to predict, especially due to multiscale interactions, multiphysical couplings, land and urban surface thermal and geometrical properties and turbulence. However, these different flows can indirectly and directly affect the exposure of people to deteriorated air quality or thermal environment, as well as the structural and energy loads of buildings. Therefore, the ability to accurately predict the different interacting physical processes determining these flows is of pr

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Qu, Yongfeng, Maya Milliez, Luc Musson-Genon, and Bertrand Carissimo. "Modelling Radiative and Convective Thermal Exchanges over a European City Center and Their Effects on Atmospheric Dispersion." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (2022): 7295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127295.

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Micro-meteorological studies of urban flow and pollution dispersion often assume a neutral atmosphere and often the three-dimensional variation in temperature fields and flow around buildings is neglected in most building energy balance models. The aim of this work is to present the results of development and validation of a three-dimensional tool coupling thermal energy balance of the buildings and modelling of the atmospheric flow and dispersion in urban areas. To do so, a 3D microscale atmospheric radiative scheme has been developed in the atmospheric module of the computational fluid dynam

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Kristóf, Gergely, and Bálint Papp. "Application of GPU-Based Large Eddy Simulation in Urban Dispersion Studies." Atmosphere 9, no. 11 (2018): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110442.

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While large eddy simulation has several advantages in microscale air pollutant dispersion modelling, the parametric investigation of geometries is not yet feasible because of its relatively high computational cost. By assuming an analogy between heat and mass transport processes, we utilize a Graphics Processing Unit based software—originally developed for mechanical engineering applications—to model urban dispersion. The software allows for the modification of the geometry as well as the visualization of the transient flow and concentration fields during the simulation, thus supporting the an

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Defforge, Cécile L., Bertrand Carissimo, Marc Bocquet, Raphaël Bresson, and Patrick Armand. "Improving Numerical Dispersion Modelling in Built Environments with Data Assimilation Using the Iterative Ensemble Kalman Smoother." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 179, no. 2 (2021): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-020-00588-9.

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AbstractAir-pollution modelling at the local scale requires accurate meteorological inputs such as from the velocity field. These meteorological fields are generally simulated with microscale models (here Code_Saturne), which are forced with boundary conditions provided by larger scale models or observations. Local atmospheric simulations are very sensitive to the boundary conditions, whose accurate estimation is difficult but crucial. When observations of the wind speed and turbulence or pollutant concentration are available inside the domain, they provide supplementary information via data a

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Birmili, W., B. Alaviippola, D. Hinneburg, et al. "Dispersion of traffic-related exhaust particles near the Berlin urban motorway – estimation of fleet emission factors." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 7 (2009): 2355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2355-2009.

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Abstract. Atmospheric particle number size distributions of airborne particles (diameter range 10–500 nm) were collected over ten weeks at three sites in the vicinity of the A100 urban motorway in Berlin, Germany. The A100 carries about 180 000 vehicles on a weekday. The roadside particle distributions showed a number maximum between 20 and 60 nm clearly related to the motorway emissions. The average total number concentration at roadside was 28 000 cm−3 with a total range of 1200–168 000 cm−3. At distances of 80 and 400 m from the motorway the concentrations decreased to mean levels of 11 000

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Kovalets, Ivan V., Vladimir Y. Korolevych, Alexander V. Khalchenkov, Ievgen A. Ievdin, Mark J. Zheleznyak, and Spyros Andronopoulos. "Influence of the diagnostic wind field model on the results of calculation of the microscale atmospheric dispersion in moderately complex terrain." Atmospheric Environment 79 (November 2013): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.015.

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18

Baumann-Stanzer, Kathrin, Sirma Stenzel, Gabriele Rau, Martin Piringer, Felix Feichtinger, and Théophane Costabloz. "Monitoring and Modeling Roof-Level Wind Speed in a Changing City." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010087.

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Results of an observational campaign and model study are presented demonstrating how the wind field at roof-level in the urban area of Vienna changed due to the construction of a new building nearby. The investigation was designed with a focus on the wind energy yield of a roof-mounted small wind turbine but the findings are also relevant for air dispersion applications. Wind speed profiles above roof top are simulated with the complex fluid dynamics (CFD) model MISKAM (Mikroskaliges Klima- und Ausbreitungsmodell, microscale climate and dispersion model). The comparison to mast measurements re

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Wu, Luolin, Jian Hang, Xuemei Wang, Min Shao, and Cheng Gong. "APFoam 1.0: integrated computational fluid dynamics simulation of O<sub>3</sub>–NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>–volatile organic compound chemistry and pollutant dispersion in a typical street canyon." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 7 (2021): 4655–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4655-2021.

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Abstract. Urban air quality issues are closely related to human health and economic development. In order to investigate street-scale flow and air quality, this study developed the atmospheric photolysis calculation framework (APFoam 1.0), an open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on OpenFOAM, which can be used to examine microscale reactive pollutant formation and dispersion in an urban area. The chemistry module of APFoam has been modified by adding five new types of reactions, which can implement the atmospheric photochemical mechanism (full O3–NOx–volatile organic compou

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20

Özgökmen, Tamay M., Francisco J. Beron-Vera, Darek Bogucki, et al. "Research Overview of the Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE)." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 544–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.544.

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ABSTRACT CARTHE (http://carthe.org/) is a Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) consortium established through a competitive peer-reviewed selection process. CARTHE comprises 26 principal investigators from 14 universities and research institutions distributed across four Gulf of Mexico states and other four states. It fuses into one group investigators with unique scientific and technical knowledge and extensive publications related to oil fate/transport processes, oceanic and atmospheric turbulence, air-sea interactions, tropical cyclones and winter storms, and coastal and nearshore mod

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21

Zhao, Bin, Kuo-Nan Liou, Yu Gu, et al. "Impact of buildings on surface solar radiation over urban Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 9 (2016): 5841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5841-2016.

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Abstract. The rugged surface of an urban area due to varying buildings can interact with solar beams and affect both the magnitude and spatiotemporal distribution of surface solar fluxes. Here we systematically examine the impact of buildings on downward surface solar fluxes over urban Beijing by using a 3-D radiation parameterization that accounts for 3-D building structures vs. the conventional plane-parallel scheme. We find that the resulting downward surface solar flux deviations between the 3-D and the plane-parallel schemes are generally ±1–10 W m−2 at 800 m grid resolution and within ±1

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Birmili, W., B. Alaviippola, D. Hinneburg, et al. "Dispersion of traffic-related exhaust particles near the Berlin urban motorway: estimation of fleet emission factors." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (2008): 15537–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-15537-2008.

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Abstract. Atmospheric particle number size distributions of airborne particles (diameter range 10–500 nm) were measured over ten weeks at three sites in the vicinity of the A100 urban motorway in Berlin, Germany. The A100 carries about 180 000 vehicles on a weekday, and roadside particle size distributions showed a number maximum between 20 and 60 nm clearly related to the motorway emissions. The average total number concentration at roadside was 28 000 cm−3 with a total range between 1200 and 168 000 cm−3. At distances of 80 and 400 m from the motorway the concentrations decreased to mean lev

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Pérez, Isidro A., Mª Ángeles García, Mª Luisa Sánchez, Nuria Pardo, and Beatriz Fernández-Duque. "Key Points in Air Pollution Meteorology." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (2020): 8349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228349.

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Although emissions have a direct impact on air pollution, meteorological processes may influence inmission concentration, with the only way to control air pollution being through the rates emitted. This paper presents the close relationship between air pollution and meteorology following the scales of atmospheric motion. In macroscale, this review focuses on the synoptic pattern, since certain weather types are related to pollution episodes, with the determination of these weather types being the key point of these studies. The contrasting contribution of cold fronts is also presented, whilst

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Ruprecht, Daniel, Rupert Klein, and Andrew J. Majda. "Modulation of Internal Gravity Waves in a Multiscale Model for Deep Convection on Mesoscales." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 8 (2010): 2504–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3269.1.

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Abstract Starting from the conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy together with a three-species bulk microphysics model, a model for the interaction of internal gravity waves and deep convective hot towers is derived using multiscale asymptotic techniques. From the leading-order equations, a closed model for the large-scale flow is obtained analytically by applying horizontal averages conditioned on the small-scale hot towers. No closure approximations are required besides adopting the asymptotic limit regime on which the analysis is based. The resulting model is an extension of the

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GOL’TSEV, V. A., V. A. DUDKO, E. V. KISELEV, and A. B. LEBED. "STUDY OF THE AERO-DISPERSION SYSTEM IN THE FERROALLOY WORKSHOP WORKING AREA." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 78, no. 6 (2022): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2022-6-553-561.

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A large proportion of the gases from the process units in the casting and furnace bays of ferroalloy plants enter the production facilities, where they form a complex aerodisperse system. The resulting aerosols pose a great danger to the operating personnel due to the presence of toxic and carcinogenic components. To develop emission prevention and elimination methods, the sources of industrial aerosol formation during silicomanganese production, particle size distribution and chemical composition of the dust sludge, the behaviour of the gas-dispersed system in the working area have been analy

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Oputina, I. P., V. A. Shklyaev, and N. V. Kostyleva. "Solid particles as an indicator of the placement of air pollution monitoring posts in Murmansk." Arctic: Ecology and Economy 12, no. 4 (2022): 598–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2022-4-598-610.

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The article presents the results of field measurements and analysis of atmospheric air samples at 25 characteristic points on the territory of Murmansk in 2017—2018. For all particles taken from atmospheric air the researchers determine the granulometric, morphological and chemical composition using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope S-3400N Hitachi. They consider meteorological conditions as of the dates of sampling from the point of view of their effect on the dispersion of pollutants. The results made it possible to preliminary determine the regions on the territory of Murmansk

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Kochanski, A. K., E. R. Pardyjak, R. Stoll, A. Gowardhan, M. J. Brown, and W. J. Steenburgh. "One-Way Coupling of the WRF–QUIC Urban Dispersion Modeling System." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 10 (2015): 2119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0020.1.

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AbstractSimulations of local weather and air quality in urban areas must account for processes spanning from meso- to microscales, including turbulence and transport within the urban canopy layer. Here, the authors investigate the performance of the building-resolving Quick Urban Industrial Complex (QUIC) Dispersion Modeling System driven with mean wind profiles from the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Dispersion simulations are performed for intensive observation periods 2 and 8 of the Joint Urban 2003 field experiment conducted in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, using an ens

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Xu, Bingjie, Mengxing Li, Qi Chen, et al. "A Novel Method to Improve the Dispersibility of Silicon Nitride Powders in Aqueous Media." Nano 14, no. 09 (2019): 1950118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292019501182.

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The present study describes a novel method to improve the dispersibility of silicon nitride powders in aqueous media. Specifically, a new Si3N4@g-C3N4 core–shell composite material was synthesized via annealing the mixture of silicon nitride and melamine under a nitrogen atmosphere using heating method. The effects of various initial mass ratios of Si3N4 and melamine on the structure and dispersibility of the composite were systematically investigated. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope demonstrated that as-obtained Si3N4@g-C3N4 composite powde

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Zhang, Zhi Li, Hong Xiang Zhai, Zhen Ying Huang, Cui Wei Li, Yi Fan Wang, and Zhouyang. "Tribo-Chemical Reaction in Bulk Ti₃SiC₂ under Sliding Friction." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1357.

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The Ti3SiC2 samples with a second phase TiC, prepared by hot-pressing progress route, were rubbed against low carbon steel disk with a sliding speed of 20 m/s under normal pressure 0.8 Mpa in atmosphere on a block-on-disk type friction tester. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and meanwhile the composition was checked by energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show some impurity phases containing Ti, Si and Fe oxides in the samples. The possible tribo-chemical reaction mechanism on surface layer of Ti3SiC2 was suggested.

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Azarov, V. N., I. V. Stefanenko, and R. A. Burkhanova. "Research of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Asbestos-Cement Dust in the Ventilation Emissions to the Atmosphere." Applied Mechanics and Materials 878 (February 2018): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.878.251.

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The article describes the chemical properties of asbestos-cement dust and its effect on the human body. The main sources of dust emission at the enterprise for the production of asbestos-cement have been determined. Also in this research were determined the aerodynamic properties of particles of asbestos dust at the plant for the production of asbestos by method of fractional sedimentation. In the course of the experiment, the dispersion composition of dust was determined by the method of sedimentometry and analysis by means of a microscope and a PC. The dependence of the dust settling rate on

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Liu, Jing, and Jing Feng Li. "Bi₂Te₃ and Bi₂Te₃/Nano-SiC Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.397.

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Bi2Te3-based alloys are currently best-known, technological thermoelectric materials near room temperature. In this paper, Bi2Te3 and nano-SiC dispersed Bi2Te3 were prepared by mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Raw powders of Bi, Te and SiC were mixed and mechanically alloyed in an argon atmosphere using a planetary ball mill. The SPS temperature was 623K, and the holding time was 5 minutes. The samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron Microscope (SEM). The thermoelectric properties: i.e. Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity

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Jeong, Kwang Jin, Jeong Hun Son, Seung Seok Lee, and Dong Sik Bae. "A Study on Fabrication, Dispersion and Surface Coating of Nanocarbon for MgO-C Refractories." Materials Science Forum 724 (June 2012): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.404.

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Spherical carbon nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde in the presence of CTAB(cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) and subsequent carbonization at 900 in N2 atmosphere. It is found that the amount of CTAB, water and catalyst showed a significant impact on the morphology and size of carbon nanoparticles. The magnesia-carbon (MgO-C) bricks containing 1~4 wt% nanocarbon were prepared by adding various types of carbon black (CB), multi walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and synthesized nanocarbon. The mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and corrosi

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Chafidz, Achmad, Umi Rofiqah, Sumarno, Megawati, Mujtahid Kaavessina, and Thonthowy Jauhary. "Production of Microsphere Polystyrene Using Solution Enhanced Dispersion by CO₂ Supercritical Fluids (SEDS)." Key Engineering Materials 805 (June 2019): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.805.146.

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Supercritical fluids (SCFs) process can be considered as an emerging ”clean“ technology for the production of small-size particles (e.g. micron-size). Microsphere is a material in micron scale which has been widely used as adsorbent, catalyst support, and drug delivery system. For advanced application, those materials are formulated in the form of porous microspheres. There are several methods that can be used using SCFs. One of them is Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids (SEDS). This method is considered to be suitable in obtaining the porous microsphere polystyrene. In this

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Winkler, Aldo, Tania Contardo, Andrea Vannini, Sergio Sorbo, Adriana Basile, and Stefano Loppi. "Magnetic Emissions from Brake Wear are the Major Source of Airborne Particulate Matter Bioaccumulated by Lichens Exposed in Milan (Italy)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 2073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062073.

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The concentration of selected trace elements and the magnetic properties of samples of the lichen Evernia prunastri exposed for 3 months in Milan (Italy) were investigated to test if magnetic properties can be used as a proxy for the bioaccumulation of chemical elements in airborne particulate matter. Magnetic analysis showed intense properties driven by magnetite-like minerals, leading to significant correlations between magnetic susceptibility and the concentration of Fe, Cr, Cu, and Sb. Selected magnetic particles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersion Syst

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Sarda-Estève, Roland, Dominique Baisnée, Benjamin Guinot, et al. "Variability and Geographical Origin of Five Years Airborne Fungal Spore Concentrations Measured at Saclay, France from 2014 to 2018." Remote Sensing 11, no. 14 (2019): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11141671.

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Airborne fungal spores (AFS) represent the major fraction of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs), and they are studied worldwide largely due to their important role within the Earth system. They have an impact on climate and human health, and they contribute to the propagation of diseases. As their presence in the air depends largely on studied ecosystems, a spore trap was used to monitor their atmospheric concentrations from 2014 to December 2018 in Saclay, a suburban area in the megacity of Paris. The main objective of this work was: (1) to understand the atmospheric variability of

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Bangash, Muhammad, Graziano Ubertalli, Davide Di Saverio, Monica Ferraris, and Niu Jitai. "Joining of Aluminium Alloy Sheets to Aluminium Alloy Foam Using Metal Glasses." Metals 8, no. 8 (2018): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080614.

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Aluminium alloy foam is a lightweight material with high energy absorption properties and can potentially replace bulk Al-components. The aim of this work is to develop a brazing technique to join aluminium facing sheets to aluminium alloy foam to obtain aluminium foam sandwich panels for applications where high service temperature is a requirement. Al-6016 alloy sheets were brazed to aluminium alloy foam using two aluminium based (Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Si-Mg-Ti) metal glasses at 560 °C–590 °C in an argon atmosphere. Microstructure and microhardness profiles of the aluminium alloy sheet/aluminium al

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Prošek, Zdeněk, Petr Svora, and Petr Kuklík. "Protection of Wood to against Degradation by TiO₂: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy." Key Engineering Materials 898 (August 27, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.898.87.

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External wooden structures have own place in the building industry for ages. The problem is that wood easily degrades due to UV radiation, atmospheric conditions and biological aggressors. We are trying to eliminate degradable factors by photocatalytic materials (namely titanium oxide). Those materials are efficient UV absorbers and they are able to destroy biological aggressors also. Nowadays, there is no information about the interactions between wooden surface and non-photoactive or photoactive forms of TiO2. TiO2 exists in many morphological forms. The planar particles were chosen for the

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Zhao, Xing Yu, Jing Tao Ma, Yong Gao, et al. "Preparation of UCO Microspheres by Internal Gelation Process." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.831.

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UCO kernels were used for High Temperature Reactor (HTR) fuel, which can restrain kernels migration and avoid corrosion of cladding layer under the high burnup compared with UO2 or UC kernels. In this paper, UCO kernels were prepared by internal gelation process containing dissolving, broth preparation, dispersing, AWD (aging, washing and drying) and sintering procedures. The broth composition was studied based on the fabrication of UO2 kernels before. Effects of the carbon black content and sintering atmosphere on the microstructure and performance of microspheres were mainly studied. Surface

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Yang, Zhi Bo, Gui Bin Zhang, and Jiu Hua Xu. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Interfacial Reaction between Diamond and Ni-Cr Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.440.

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Brazing diamond grits to steel substrate using Ni-based filler alloy was carried out via laser in an argon atmosphere. Thermodynamic analysis was performed in order to research the interfacial reaction mechanism of diamond and Ni-Cr alloy during high temperature brazing. Meanwhile, microstructure of the interfacial layer was experimentally detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in this paper. The results indicate that according to the thermodynamic theory the interfacial reaction has been proved feasible, and during braz

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Khitab, Anwar, Sajjad Ahmad, Riaz Akhtar Khan, et al. "Production of Biochar and Its Potential Application in Cementitious Composites." Crystals 11, no. 5 (2021): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050527.

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In cement composites, usually, reinforcement is provided to restrict the crack development and their further propagation under service conditions. Typically, reinforcements utilized in cementitious composites range from nanometer scale to millimeter scale by using nano-, micro-, and millimeter-sized fibers and particles. These reinforcements provide the crack arresting mechanisms at the nano/microscale and restrict the growth of the cracks under service loads, but usually, the synthesis of nano/microfibers, and afterward their dispersion in the cementitious materials, pose difficulty, thus lim

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Kim, Ji-Won, Sung-Gap Lee, Kyeong-Min Kim, Ji-Su Yuk, and Joo-Seok Park. "Structural and Electrical Properties of K(Ta, Nb)O3 Thin Films with the Variation of Sintering Temperature." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (2020): 7158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18852.

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In this study, KTa0.55Nb0.45O3 (KTN) thin films were manufactured by using Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method with variations in the sintering temperature and were investigated in order to apply their applicability in memory devices. The KTN thin films were made after coating the PZT bufferlayer on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. Each layer was dried at 200°C for 5 min to remove any organic materials and pyrolyzed at 400°C for 10 min. Finally, the layers were sintered for 30 min under an oxygen atmosphere, respectively. The pattern of KTN thin films showed a preference to the (100) and (200) o

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Ribeiro, Helena, Paula Castro, and Ilda Abreu. "Characterization of the Pollen Trapped by Populus L. Seeds during the Dispersion Season." Aerobiology 2, no. 1 (2024): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology2010002.

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Our study aimed to quantify the pollen trapped by the seeds and relate it with the airborne pollen concentrations. Individual Populus spp. tuft-like seeds were sampled while suspended twice a day in 2017 and 2018 during the seed dispersal season. The seeds were submitted to laboratory treatment for pollen extraction, which was quantified using an optical microscope. Airborne pollen was monitored using a seven-day Hirst-type volumetric spore sampler. A correlation analysis was performed between the airborne pollen, the pollen on the seeds, and the meteorological parameters. A total of 26 pollen

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Huffman, Donald R., Benjamin E. Swanson, and J. Alex Huffman. "A wavelength-dispersive instrument for characterizing fluorescence and scattering spectra of individual aerosol particles on a substrate." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 8 (2016): 3987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3987-2016.

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Abstract. We describe a novel, low-cost instrument to acquire both elastic and inelastic (fluorescent) scattering spectra from individual supermicron-size particles in a multi-particle collection on a microscope slide. The principle of the device is based on a slitless spectroscope that is often employed in astronomy to determine the spectra of individual stars in a star cluster but had not been applied to atmospheric particles. Under excitation, most commonly by either a 405 nm diode laser or a UV light-emitting diode (LED), fluorescence emission spectra of many individual particles can be de

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Khakan, Behruz, Abbas Shahroozi, Ahmad Afsari, and Seyed Reza Hosseini. "Investigation of stearic acid additive effects on the mechanochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles." Powder Diffraction 32, no. 2 (2017): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715617000203.

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The silver (Ag) powder was synthesized in a mechanochemical (MC) process by inducing a solid-state displacement reaction between silver chloride (AgCl) and copper (Cu). This process was carried out in argon atmosphere conditions using a planetary ball mill. The reaction caused the mixture of AgCl and Cu to change the composition of the mixture to Ag and copper chloride (CuCl). CuCl was separated from MC product by leaching with ammonium hydroxide. Thus, Ag powder was obtained as the final product. Stearic acid (C18H36O2) was used as the additive to improve dispersion of Ag powder during the MC

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Yang, Zhi Bo, Ai Ju Liu, and Jiu Hua Xu. "Joining of Diamond Grains to Medium Carbon Steel with Ni-Base Powder during Laser Brazing." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.392.

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In order to develop new generation brazed Diamond grinding wheels, the joining experiments of Diamond super abrasive grains and medium carbon steel using the powder mixture of Ni-Cr alloy as active brazing alloy are carried out via laser in an argon atmosphere. The relevant characteristics of the special powder mixture, the microstructure of the interfacial region, which are both the key factors for determining the joining strength among the Diamond grains, the filler layer and the steel substrate, are investigated extensively by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersio

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Abudalazez, Asam M. A., Shah Rizal Kasim, Azlan B. Ariffin, and Zainal Arifin Ahmad. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) Coatings on 316L Stainless Steel at Room Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 501 (April 2012): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.501.169.

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Electrophoretically deposition of Biphasic calcium phosphate on 25 × 10 × 1.2 mm (length, width, and thickness) 316L stainless steel plates using ethanol as dispersing medium; It was achieved on the cathode with constant voltages 20, 30, 50, and 100 V during 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds, respectively. After deposition, the samples were dried at room temperature for 24 hours and deposition weight and thickness of the coatings were measured. The coated samples were sintered in a tube furnace at 800 °C for 1 h in an argon atmosphere. After the sintering, the surface morphology and structure and

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Huseynov, Asgar, Aydin Israfilov, Samira Mammadova, et al. "Fabrication and characterization of MWCNT/natural Azerbaijani bentonite electroconductive ceramic composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 26-27 (2019): 3909–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319848798.

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been synthesized by Aerosol-Chemical Vapor Deposition method. Carbon nanotubes firstly have been used as filler in affordable and prevalent natural Azerbaijani bentonite clays for fabrication electroconductive ceramic composites. In this paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes/natural Azerbaijani bentonite ceramic composites were prepared by two-factor mechanical method and followed by calcination at 1050℃ in an inert atmosphere. The ceramic composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction and thermogravim

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Zhang, Shu Hua, Wen Jun Gan, Wu Xing Sun, Chen Jun Ling, Xie Wang, and Qing Feng Li. "Study on Structures and Properties of CaSO₄ Whiskers/PVC Composites." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.234.

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Structures of CaSO4 whisker(A) and CaSO4 whisker(B) were characterized by IR and XRD, and the morphologies were observed by optical microscope. The results showed that the modified CaSO4 whisker(B) has perfect crystal structure, high crystallinity and less defects. Mechanical properties and static thermal stability time(190 °C) of two composites which were prepared by CaSO4 whisker(A) / PVC and CaSO4 whisker(B) / PVC were tested separately, and the degradation processes were analyzed by TG at 50 °C-400°C, N2 atmosphere, and the dispersing states of two whiskers in the composites were observed

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Amirbekova, G. S., Zh K. Tolepov, N. Guseinov, et al. "CONTROL OF THE SIZES OF LEAD SULFIDE (PBS) NANOPARTICLES BY PLASMA TREATMENT METHOD." Herald of the Kazakh-British technical university 21, no. 2 (2024): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2024-21-2-266-272.

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In this work, the optimal parameters for the production of lead sulfide nanoparticles (PbS) were determined. Lead sulfide nanoparticles were obtained by chemical precipitation in an aqueous solution of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3 )2 ) 25 ml 0.18 M (1.524 g), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 75 ml 0.38 M (1.172 g), thiourea (CH4 N2 S) 50 ml 0.11 M (0.399 g), at a reaction temperature of 100 °C, the duration of the synthesis reaction was 120 minutes. The particles were deposited on a pre-purified silicon (Si) substrate. After synthesis, the particles were processed in a glow discharge plasma in an argon atmosph

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Kawasaki, Masahiro, Tadanori Yoshioka, Shigeki Sato, Kazuto Watanabe, and Makoto Shiojiri. "Boundary Analysis Of SrTio3 Ceramic Condenser." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600014094.

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SrTiO3-based semiconducting ceramics are widely used to electric devices such as dielectric condensers and varistors due to their properties of high dielectric constant, high dispersion frequency and small temperature dependence of the dielectric constant. The electric properties of these ceramic devices have been studied and found to be deeply influenced by the crystal growth mechanism, the grain boundary layer characteristics and the sintering atmosphere that is represented by such factors as oxygen partial pressure and processing temperature which relate to the atom vacancy formation. Atom

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