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Academic literature on the topic 'Microscopie électronique – Tomographie'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microscopie électronique – Tomographie"
Florea, Lenuta Ileana. "Tomographie électronique de nano-objets." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6234.
Full textIn the general frame of studying nanomaterials, this thesis is devoted to the exploration of the various electron microscopy modes that allow tomographie recording. These recording modes range from the parallel bright field mode to the bright and dark field annular scanning modes. Filtered imaging as well as low temperature recording have been explored in depth. Strong attention has been paid to the determination of the optimized parameters and procedures that must be used in each mode according to the nature of the sample under study and ta the nature of the properties to be characterized. Lt was shown that a synergy could be obtained from the concomitant use of other microscopy modes with the tomographie ones. The 3D reconstruction of nano-objects allowed reaching very rich descriptions of the objects, up to the point of quantitatively measuring parameters otherwise not reachable, such as porosities or specifie surfaces. Because of this ability, various materials of interest in the fields of catalysis have been studied, carbon based materials: Sic, doped carbon nano-tubes; isolated or self-organized nano-particles: CeO2 Pt; core-shell nano-particles: Au-Ag. The use of filtered imaging for reconstructing 3D images of nano-objects paved the way for the chemical analysis of nano-objects with a 3D chemical resolution of the order of 5nm
Ibrahim, Rana. "Caractérisation de structures centriolaires par tomographie électronique et cryo-Microscopie Electronique à Transmission." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066315.
Full textMessaoudi, Cédric. "Développements en tomographie électronique et application à l'étude du centrosome." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066499.
Full textMichels, Yves. "Reconstruction tomographique d'objets déformables pour la cryo-microscopie électronique à particules isolées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD031/document.
Full textSingle particle cryo-electron microscopy is a technique that allows to estimate the 3D structure of biological complex. The construction of the 3D volume is performed by computerized tomography applied on a set of projection images from transmission electron microscope. Existing tomographic reconstructionalgorithms allow us to visualize molecular structure with a resolution around one angstrom. However the resolution is degraded when the molecules are deformable. This thesis contributes to the development of signal processing method in order to take into account the deformation information of the observed object for the ab initio tomographic reconstruction. The main contributions of this thesis are the estimation of projection parameters based on non-linear dimensionreduction, the false edges detection in neighborhood graphs to improve noise robustness of dimension reduction methods, and tomographic reconstruction based on a parametric model of the volume
Guesdon, Audrey. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la liaison des +TIPs aux microtubules." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S196/document.
Full textMicrotubules (MTs) are highly dynamic cytoskeleton polymers, involved in many cellular processes, including cell division and intracellular transport. Their dynamic behavior is regulated by numerous factors, such as +TIPs that preferentially target MT growing ends
Koneti, Siddardha. "In situ and 3D environmental transmission electron microscopy of Pd-Al2O3 nano catalysts : Fast tomography with applications to other catalytic systems in operando conditions and to electron beam sensitive nanomaterials." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI123/document.
Full textIn the beginning of the XXIst century, Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy has become one of the reliable characterization techniques of nanomaterials in conditions mimicking their real life. ETEM is now able to follow the dynamic evolution of nanomaterials under various conditions like high temperature, liquid or various gas pressures. Among various fields of research, catalysis can benefit significantly from Environmental Microscopy. This contribution starts with the study of the Palladium-Alumina catalytic system. Pd nanoparticles supported by α-Al2O3 and δ-Al2O3 are of an important physicochemical and environmental interest, particularly in the field of selective hydrogenation in petrochemistry, for the synthesis of polymers or CO2 hydrogenation for methane production. We first performed 2D analyses at different steps of the synthesis process, then the same synthesis steps were performed under in situ conditions. The motivation of this approach was to compare post mortem treatments with ETEM observations. In general, 2D data provide limited insights on, for example, the morphology and position of supported nanoparticles. We have then developed a new fast acquisition approach to collect tomographic tilt series in very short times, enabling to reconstruct nano-systems in 3D during their dynamical evolution. Taking advantage of this approach, we have determined the activation energy for soot combustion on YSZ oxidation catalysts for diesel motors from volumetric data extracted from in situ experiments. Fast electron tomography was also applied to electron beam sensitive materials, like polymer nanocomposites and biological materials, showing the wide spectrum of possible applications for rapid 3D characterization of nanomaterials
Siksou, Léa. "Architecture tridimensionnelle du bouton présynaptique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066242.
Full textLe, Bihan Olivier. "Etude par microscopie électronique des mécanismes d'action de vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13972/document.
Full textThe vast majority of clinical trials of gene transfer in vivo use viral vectors. Although they are effective, they induce immunogenic, toxic or mutagenic risks. Due to their high modularity and low toxicity, synthetic vectors (non viral), represent a promising alternative despite their lack of effectiveness. The major objective of this work was to understand the mechanism of gene transfer using two prototypic synthetic vectors, in the context of a rational design of new vectors. We studied on cultured cells, the mechanism of action of two cationic lipids; BGTC (bis(guanidinium)-tren-cholesterol) and DOSP (DiOleylamine A-Succinyl-Paromomycine) formulated with plasmid DNA (lipoplexes) which are in vitro efficient vectors. We have been able to visualize by electron microscopy, their intracellular pathways, their structural alterations and their endosomal escape, the latter being a key step in the process of gene transfer. The unambiguous identification of lipoplexes throughout their intracellular trafficking has been made possible thanks to the labelling of DNA by core-shell silica nanoparticles with an electron dense maghemite core (Fe2O3). The labeling strategy has also been applied to study the mechanism of action of a nonionic block copolymer (P188 or Lutrol). Interestingly, these synthetic vectors have an in vivo transfection efficiency in mice lung and muscle tissue while they are totally inefficient in vitro. We have shown that Lutrol induces an increase of DNA internalization into cells and fails to trigger endosomal escape, which would explain the lack of in vitro efficacy. These findings suggest that the in vivo mechanism of action of Lutrol would involve other internalization pathways
Letellier, Laurence. "Etude des joints de grains et interphases dans les superalliages Astroloy par microscopie électronique et tomographie atomique." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES067.
Full textLottin, Delphine. "Dimensions fractales, morphologie et caractéristiques dimensionnelles 2D et 3D d'agrégats de nanoparticules de suie aéronautique : Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission et tomographie électronique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4012/document.
Full textSoot aggregates emitted by aircraft engines' combustion processes are involved in the modification of the global radiative budget and the air quality. The knowledge of their physical and chemical characteristics is a prerequisite to any evaluation of the way they may act in the atmospheric physical and chemical processes and their impact on the environment and public health. In this context, our study aims at determining the size and morphological characteristics of aircraft soot aggregates on the basis of experimental measurements by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron tomography.We have acquired TEM pictures of soot aggregates emitted by aircraft engines. We have established a method to characterize the morphology of these aggregates by determining their elongation, their compacity and the tortuosity of their edge. This method is based on the analysis of their TEM projection. Besides, we have developed a software to process and analyse TEM pictures. It allows to reconstruct aggregates from their projections and to determine their size and morphological characteristics. Our results have lead us to study the validity of the relationships linking the 2D and 3D microphysical characteristics presented in the literature and to suggest new ones for the studied aggregates.These results constitute the first 3D morphological and size characterizations of aircraft soot aggregates using TEM and electron tomography. They highlight the fact that the morphological properties of these aggregates do not fulfil the hypotheses required for the use of the collective method to determine the mass fractal dimension