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1

Rao, K. P., P. V. Hunagund, and R. M. Vani. "Study of Four Element Microstrip Antenna Array Using Patch Type Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 5 (2018): 3470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2309.

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This paper describes enhancements in the performance of four element microstrip antenna array. The conventional microstrip antenna array is producing gain equal to 6.81dB. With the introduction of U shape patch type electromagnetic band gap structure, the proposed microstrip antenna array is producing an improved gain of 20.33dB. It is producing reduced mutual coupling of -31.44, -36.41 and -31.62dB respectively. The radiation characteristics of the proposed microstrip antenna array are improved with appreciable decrease in back lobe radiation and increase in forward power. It is resonating at single band at 5.53GHz, producing an overall bandwidth of 109.45%, against 4.89% of conventional microstrip antenna array. Microstrip antenna arrays are designed using Mentor Graphics IE3D software and measured results are obtained using vector network analyzer.
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2

Rao, K. Prahlada, P. V. Hunagund, and R. M. Vani. "Study of Four Element Microstrip Antenna Array Using Patch Type Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 5 (2018): 3470–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1490610.

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This paper describes an enhancement in the performance of four element microstrip antenna array. The conventional microstrip antenna array is producing gain equal to 6.81dB. With the introduction of U shape patch type electromagnetic band gap structure, the proposed microstrip antenna array is producing an improved gain of 20.33dB. It is producing reduced mutual coupling of -31.44, -36.41 and - 31.62dB respectively. The radiation characteristics of the proposed microstrip antenna array are improved with appreciable decrease in back lobe radiation and increase in forward power. It is resonating at single band at 5.53GHz, producing an overall bandwidth of 109.45%, against 4.89% of conventional microstrip antenna array. Microstrip antenna arrays are designed using Mentor Graphics IE3D software and measured results are obtained using vector network analyzer.
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3

Rao, Prahlada, VANI R M, and P. V. Hunagund. "Eight Element Antenna Array With Reduced Back Lobe Radiation." Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences 5, no. 2 (2020): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2020.5.2.200.

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The paper presents the improvement in the performance of eight element microstrip antenna array. The overall bandwidth of the proposed microstrip antenna array is equal to 85.74 % as compared to 4.98 % of the conventional antenna array. The proposed microstrip antenna array is producing good reduction in mutual coupling values at the resonant frequency of 5.53 GHz. Moreover, the radiation properties of conventional antenna array are improved with good reduction in power radiated in the undesired direction. The proposed microstrip antenna array is producing a healthy size reduction of 47.19 %. FR-4 glass epoxy substrate is used as dielectric substrate which has a dielectric constant of 4.2 and loss tangent of 0.0245. The microstrip antenna arrays are designed using Mentor Graphics IE3D software.
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4

Rao, K. Prahlada, R.M Vani, and P.V. Hunagund. "TWO ELEMENT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA ARRAY USING STAR SLOT ELECTROMAGNETC BAND GAP STRUCTURE." Journal of Engineering Science XXVI (4) (December 23, 2019): 78–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591584.

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This paper deals with the performance of two element antenna array without and with electromagnetic band gap structures. The antenna arrays are using Mentor Graphics IE3D software and measurements have been taken using vector network analyzer. The dielectric substrate used in the design and fabrication of antennas is FR-4 glass epoxy. The unit cell of the electromagnetic band gap structure is star slot structure. The electromagnetic band gap structure structures applied in the ground plane of the microstrip antenna array are resulting in a remarkable decrease in mutual coupling to – 35.05 dB from – 17.83 dB of the conventional array antenna. The proposed microstrip antenna array is producing bandwidth of 25.18 % as against 2.35 % of conventional microstrip antenna array. The antenna array with electromagnetic band gap strucure is resonating at a fundamental frequency of 3.31 GHz; thereby achieving a virtual size reduction of 40.14 %. The proposed microstrip antenna array finds application in C band of the microwave frequency region.
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5

Lin, Shu-Dong, Shi Pu, Chen Wang, and Hai-Yang Ren. "Compact Design of Annular-Microstrip-Fed mmW Antenna Arrays." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113695.

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In this paper, a series of four novel microstrip antenna array designs based on different annular-microstrip feeding lines at 60-GHz millimeter wave (mmW) band are proposed, aiming at the potential usage of the mmW coverage antenna with multi-directional property. As the feeding network, the annular contour microstrip lines are employed to connect the patch units so as to form a more compact array. Our first design is to use an outer contour annular microstrip line to connect four-direction linear arrays composed of 1 × 3 rectangular patches, thus the gain of 8.4 dBi and bandwidth of over 300 MHz are obtained. Our second design is to apply the two-direction pitchfork-shaped array each made up of two same linear arrays as the above, therefore the gain of 9.65 dBi and bandwidth of around 250 MHz are achieved. Our third design is to employ dual (inner and outer contour) annular-microstrip feeding lines to interconnect the above four-direction linear arrays, while our fourth design is to bring bridged annular-microstrip feeding lines, both of which can realize the goal of multi-directional radiation characteristic and higher gain of over 10 dBi.
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6

Ye, Sheng, Xianling Liang, Wenzhi Wang, et al. "Design of Arbitrarily Shaped Planar Microstrip Antenna Arrays with Improved Efficiency." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/757061.

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A design technique is described for an arbitrarily shaped planar microstrip antenna array with improved radiation efficiency. In order to fully utilize the limited antenna aperture, several basic modules are proposed from which we construct the array. A consideration of the aperture shape shows that with several practical examples a proper combination of these basic modules not only allows the convenient design of arbitrarily-shaped microstrip array, but also helps to improve the aperture radiation efficiency. To confirm the feasibility of the approach, a circular array with 256 elements was constructed and fabricated. Both computed and measured aperture radiation results are compared and these demonstrate that the design technique is effective for arbitrarily-shaped planar microstrip arrays.
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7

Andrasic, G., and J. R. James. "Microstrip window array." Electronics Letters 24, no. 2 (1988): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19880063.

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8

Kumar Dubey, Anil. "Optimizing Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Array." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research 3, no. 10 (2015): 46–50. https://doi.org/10.70729/ijser15511.

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9

Sun, Xia Li, Qing Zhang, and Shu Yan. "Design of an Active Phase Conjugation Circuit for Retrodirective Array in UHF Band." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.201.

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An active phase conjugation circuit of retrodirective array which can be used in UHF band (890-960MHz) has been designed. Circuit of the retrodirective array consists of filters, mixers, dividers and other microwave devices. In this paper, microstrip filters and mixers are primarily designed. Divided matching circuit will be designed appropriate on the basis of the antenna element. Filters consist of microstrip coupled lines to conform with microstrip antenna arrays; to suppress the effect of RF input signals to output transmitted signals, selecting the image-rejection mixers. Simulation results of ADS show that all of the designed active devices display good performances.
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10

Mohd Aminudin Jamlos, Nurasma Husna Mohd Sabri, Mohd Faizal Jamlos, et al. "5.8 GHz Circularly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Arrays simulation for Point-to-Point Application." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 28, no. 3 (2022): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.28.3.209220.

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In this paper, the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip antenna arrays for improving antenna gain is performed for point-to-point application. The proposed design is composed of four elements microstrip antenna with an array configuration operating at 5.8 GHz. Each element is constructed from four truncated arrays radiating elements and an inclined slot on each patch which capable to achieve circular polarized capability. The design of the 2x1 and 2x2 of rectangular microstrip array antenna was implemented from the designed of single rectangular patch antenna as the basic building element. The designed 2x1 and 2x2 array were fed by microstrip transmission line which applied a technique of quarter wave impedance matching. The antenna design was etched on Rogers RT 5880 substrate with 2.1 and 1.53 mm of dielectric constant and thickness respectively. All the designed structure were simulated in CST software. The main results of the designed antennas were compared in terms of gain, axial ratio and return loss. Based on the return loss simulation results, the designed antennas resonated exactly at the desired resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz which indicates good antenna designs. Compared to the single patch antenna having an antenna gain of 8.26 dB, the 2x1 and 2x2 arrays achieved a gain of 10.24 dB and 13.29 dB respectively. The results show that the designed rectangular microstrip antenna arrays have an improved gain performance over the single patch antenna.
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11

Herscovici, N. "A simple cosec/sup 2/-microstrip array: the shovel-microstrip array." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 35, no. 4 (1993): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/74.229851.

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12

Paays, Erby Virta Joseph, Syah Alam, and Indra Sujati. "Bandwidth Enhancement of 2x1 Microstrip Array Antena Using Slit Technique for Wireless Communication System." JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 6, no. 2 (2023): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jite.v6i2.8055.

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This study proposes a microstrip array antenna with frequency at of 2.3 GHz – 2.5 GHz for various applications, with smaller antena dimensions. The microstrip antenna designed in this study uses a rectangular patch consisting of two patch elements arranged in a linear array. The type of substrate used is FR-4 with a dielectric constant (εr) = 4.3 and a substrate thickness (h) = 1.6 mm. The feeding technique used is indirect feeding using a microstrip line feed. To increase the bandwidth, the antennas are arranged in an array with 50 ohm and 100 ohm microstrip lines. The simulated antenna parameters are return loss value -10 dB, VSWR 2, and gain value. The simulation results of the two-element array design with a substrate size of 123 mm x 65 mm obtained a return loss value of -27.99 dB at a frequency of 2300 MHz, -15.16 dB at a frequency of 2400 MHz, and -29.29 dB. The bandwidth generated in this study is 460 MHz or an increase of up to 283.3% when compared to a 2x1 antenna array without slit. Furthermore, the addition of slits succeeded in reducing the dimensions of 34.43% compared to 2x1 antenna arrays without slits. This antenna is very useful as a wireless communication receiving antena.
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13

A. Galleto Jr, Fredelino, Aaron Don M. Africa, Ara Jyllian A. Abello, and Joaquin Miguel B. Lalusin. "Development of a novel optimization algorithm for a microstrip patch antenna array." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 33, no. 1 (2024): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i1.pp126-134.

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<span>Microstrip patch antennas are typically used because they have a low profile and cost. The main theme of this study is to present a novel 2×2 microstrip antenna array design using rough set theory. In designing the 2×2 microstrip antenna array, an FR4 dielectric substrate was used to improve the performance. The rough set theory was used to optimize the microstrip antenna parameters. The FR4 dielectric substrate compared better to the microstrip patch antenna array wherein no substrate was used. The antenna with no substrate used had the energy that is radiating underneath which contributed to the sidelobes of the radiation pattern whereas the use of the substrate reduced the energy radiated at the substrate. Furthermore, the gains of the two were also simultaneously evaluated and it showed that the microstrip antenna array with the dielectric substrate had better gain than the one without. This 2×2 microstrip array antenna design may be used for applications such as mobile communications since it is small in size and performs well.</span>
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14

Galleto, Jr. Fredelino, Aaron Don Africa, Ara Jyllian Abello, and Joaquin Miguel Lalusin. "Development of a novel optimizationalgorithm for a microstrip patch antenna array." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 33, no. 1 (2024): 126–34. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i1.pp126-134.

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Microstrip patch antennas are typically used because they have a low profile and cost. The main theme of this study is to present a novel 2×2 microstrip antenna array design using rough set theory. In designing the 2×2 microstrip antenna array, an FR4 dielectric substrate was used to improve the performance. The rough set theory was used to optimize the microstrip antenna parameters. The FR4 dielectric substrate compared better to the microstrip patch antenna array wherein no substrate was used. The antenna with no substrate used had the energy that is radiating underneath which contributed to the sidelobes of the radiation pattern whereas the use of the substrate reduced the energy radiated at the substrate. Furthermore, the gains of the two were also simultaneously evaluated and it showed that the microstrip antenna array with the dielectric substrate had better gain than the one without. This 2×2 microstrip array antenna design may be used for applications such as mobile communications since it is small in size and performs well.
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15

Zhongxiang, Zhang, Fan Chenghua, Zhang Liang, and Kong Meng. "A 24×24 Microstrip Array Antenna at K-band." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001509010179.

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A 24×24 microstrip array antenna for Doppler radar is presented. For the low sidelobe, the feeding network of microstrip array antenna is used Taylor series amplitude weighting. The sidelobe of microstrip array antenna is less than - 18.5 dB at 24.15GHz. The proposal design is confirmed by both simulation and measured results.
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16

Cailleu, D., N. Haese, and P. A. Rolland. "Microstrip adaptive array antenna." Electronics Letters 32, no. 14 (1996): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19960867.

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17

Lee, C. S., V. Nalbandian, and F. Schwering. "Simple linear microstrip array." Electronics Letters 30, no. 25 (1994): 2088–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19941452.

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18

Brachat, P., and C. Sabatier. "Wideband omnidirectional microstrip array." Electronics Letters 37, no. 1 (2001): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20010054.

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19

Chen, Aixin, Chuo Yang, Zhizhang Chen, Yanjun Zhang, and Yingyi He. "Design of Multilevel Sequential Rotation Feeding Networks Used for Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Arrays." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/304816.

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Sequential rotation feeding networks can significantly improve performance of the circularly polarized microstrip antenna array. In this paper, single, double, and multiple series-parallel sequential rotation feeding networks are examined. Compared with conventional parallel feeding structures, these multilevel feeding techniques present reduction of loss, increase of bandwidth, and improvement of radiation pattern and polarization purity. By using corner-truncated square patch as the array element and adopting appropriate level of sequential rotation series-parallel feeding structures as feeding networks, microstrip arrays can generate excellent circular polarization (CP) over a relatively wide frequency band. They can find wide applications in phased array radar and satellite communication systems.
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20

Yin, Ruowei, and Zhipeng Wu. "Investigation of Planar Isolators for Mutual Coupling Reduction in Two-Dimensional Microstrip Antenna Arrays." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (July 25, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8865793.

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The design of isolators to reduce mutual coupling in large two-dimensional antenna arrays is complex and requires significant computational effort. This work attempts to alleviate this problem by applying different types of planar isolators in different orientations and experimenting first with two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A U-shaped planar transmission line isolator, a U-shaped planar transmission line-based destructive ground structure, and a planar neutralization line structure are designed to reduce E-plane or H-plane coupling in two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A mutual coupling reduction of approximately 6 dB is achieved. Four combinations of these planar isolators are compared and analyzed in a four-element microstrip antenna array. An optimal combination is then obtained by using two reversely placed U-shaped line isolators, which reduce the mutual coupling by more than 6.1 dB. The study is also extended to a 5 × 5 antenna array. Similar results of mutual coupling reduction are obtained. In addition to simulation, both two-element and 25-element microstrip antennas have been constructed and tested. The agreement of the simulation results with the measured results confirms the effectiveness of the decoupling structures.
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21

Zhao, Shuang, and Dian Ren Chen. "Research on the Circular Polarization Microstrip Array Antenna." Applied Mechanics and Materials 662 (October 2014): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.662.243.

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A single array element circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is analyzed based on the theory of cavity mode. Through studying the design of circularly polarized microstrip antenna array, a 96 elements circularly polarized microstrip antenna array is designed and it is optimized by using the Ansoft's HFSS software. After testing of the antenna, we can see that it provides a gain of 22.6dB and has a good axial ratio.
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22

Ibnu Muttaqin, Muhammad, Hendro Darmono, and Koesmarijanto Koesmarijanto. "Design and Implementation of 2x4 Octagonal Array Patch Microstrip Antennas using T-Slots at 2.4 GHz Frequency for Wifi Applications." Jurnal Jartel Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 13, no. 2 (2023): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v13i2.431.

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Wireless communication requires a useful device to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. WiFi is a particular kind of wireless communication device used to send data over the internet network. The bandwidth and signal coverage of WiFi have significant limitations. As a result, an antenna is utilized to enhance signal reception in order to solve this issue. The research method used is to compare the design of the 2x4 octagonal microstrip array antenna using a T-slot and without the T-slot to see the results of simulation and testing in terms of return loss, VSWR, gain, and bandwidth. The results of bandwidth testing for octagonal microstrip antennas without a 2x4 T-slot array are 32 MHz, while for octagonal microstrip antennas using a 2x4 T-slot array of 40MHz. The octagonal microstrip antenna without a 2x4 T-Slot array has Return Loss of -18.2 dB and a VSWR of 1.280. The 2x4 octagonal T-Slot array microstrip antenna has Return Loss of -17.6 dB and a VSWR of 1.303. The test results 2x4 octagonal array microstrip antenna gain without using T-slot produces the largest gain of 9.55dBi, and the antenna using T-slot produces the largest gain of 12.55dBi.
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23

Li, Fang, Miao Lv, Min Wang, and Yongtao Jia. "An In-Band Low-Radar Cross Section Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on a Phase Control Metasurface." Electronics 13, no. 9 (2024): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13091718.

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An in-band low radar cross section (RCS) microstrip patch antenna based on a phase control metasurface is proposed. As the size of the phase control metasurface changes, it will have different phase adjustments to the incident electromagnetic wave. Two kinds of phase control metasurfaces with a 90° reflection phase difference are arranged in a checkerboard configuration and loaded above a microstrip array antenna. The metal of the microstrip array antenna can fully reflect the electromagnetic wave, so the incident wave passes through the metasurface again and forms a reflected wave with a phase difference of 180° ± 37° when passing through the phase control metasurfaces of different sizes. Thus, the microstrip array antenna can achieve in-band RCS reduction. The metamaterial forms a transmission window in the microstrip patch array antenna band to maintain the radiation performance. Finally, a reasonable agreement is obtained between the measured and simulated results.
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24

Irawan Saputra, Dede, Thaufiq Sabtiawan, and Yussi Perdana Saputera. "Pemodelan Dan Simulasi Antenna Microstrip Array Single, 1x2, 1x4, Dan 1x8 Elemen Patch Untuk Aplikasi Radar Manpack." EPSILON: Journal of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology 21, no. 2 (2024): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55893/epsilon.v21i2.103.

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Antena Microstrip dapat menjadi pilihan utama dalam berbagai macam aplikasi komunikasi karena memiliki massa yang cukup ringan dan ukuran yang kecil bila dibandingkan dengan Antena jenis lain seperti Antena dipole, yagi dan sebagainya.Untuk mengetahui tentang cara kerja dari radar.menggunakan aplikasi CST Studio Suite untuk mensimulasikan dan menganaisis perbedaan gain dari antena single, array 1x2, 1x4, 1x8 yang sudah dibuat. Dari Hasil yang di dapat dari Gain dengan single Gain 1,73 dB, Array 1x2 Gain 2,97dB,Array 1x4 Gain 5,5 dB,Array 1x8 Gain 7,46 dBAntena Microstrip single memiliki demensi yang kecil yang dapat bekerja pada frekuensi yang tinggi akan tetapi Antena Microstrip single patch ini memiliki kelemahan pada besaran daya pancaran(Gain), dan sudut polarisari yang besar sebingga, untuk mengurangi kelemahan dari Antena Microstrip single patch ini.
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25

Hu, Cheng-Nan, Dau-Chyrh Chang, Chung-Hang Yu, Tsai-Wen Hsaio, and Der-Phone Lin. "Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Antenna Array Design and an Adaptive Algorithm for Future 5G Wireless Communication Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7202143.

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This paper presents a high gain millimeter-wave (mmW) low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) microstrip antenna array with a compact, simple, and low-profile structure. Incorporating minimum mean square error (MMSE) adaptive algorithms with the proposed 64-element microstrip antenna array, the numerical investigation reveals substantial improvements in interference reduction. A prototype is presented with a simple design for mass production. As an experiment, HFSS was used to simulate an antenna with a width of 1 mm and a length of 1.23 mm, resonating at 38 GHz. Two identical mmW LTCC microstrip antenna arrays were built for measurement, and the center element was excited. The results demonstrated a return loss better than 15 dB and a peak gain higher than 6.5 dBi at frequencies of interest, which verified the feasibility of the design concept.
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26

Mondal, Japatosh, Sobuj Kumar Ray, Md Shah Alam, and Md Mezanur Rahman. "Design Smart Antenna by Microstrip Patch Antenna Array." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 6 (2011): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2011.v3.304.

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27

PRAHLADA, K. RAO, R. M. VANI, and Prabhakar HUNAGUND. "CORPORATE FED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA ARRAY WITH ENHANCED BANDWIDTH." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 19, no. 4 (2019): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2019-0016.

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28

Losito, Onofrio, Vincenza Portosi, Giuseppe Venanzoni, et al. "Feasibility Investigation of SIW Cavity-Backed Patch Antenna Array for Ku Band Applications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071271.

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A cavity-backed microstrip patch antenna array was optimized in the Ku band. The backing cavity was designed under each patch antenna of the array in order to increase the bandwidth and minimize the intercoupling among the radiating elements. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology was employed to fabricate the above-mentioned cavity below the radiating patch. More precisely, four microstrip array antennas, made by 2 × 2, 4 × 4, 8 × 8, and 16 × 16 elements were designed, fabricated, and characterized. The measured maximum gain was G = 13 dBi, G = 18.7 dBi, G = 23.8 dBi, and G = 29.2 dBi, respectively. The performance of the proposed antenna arrays was evaluated in terms of radiation pattern and bandwidth. An extensive feasibility investigation was performed even from the point of different materials/costs in order to state the potential of the engineered antennas in actual applications. The obtained results indicate that a cavity-backed microstrip patch antenna is a feasible solution for broadband digital radio and other satellite communication overall for niche applications.
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29

George, Jobins, and B. Lethakumari. "Design and optimization of 2x2 corporate-series fed microstrip antenna array." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.9 (2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9.9739.

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The limitation of microstrip patch antenna is relatively low gain and narrow bandwidth. By using the microstrip patch antenna array antenna performance can be improved. In this paper design and stimulation of a 4 element rectangular microstrip patch array is described and the performance of antenna array is optimized by varying patch element dimensions. Antenna array is designed to operated at the frequency of 10 GHz. The corporate-series feed network is implemented for feeding patch elements. The 2x2 antenna array is implemented on FR4 substrate with 1.588mm thickness and dielectric constant of 4.4.The stimulation and performance analyze of antenna is done using Ansoft High frequency structure simulator software. Finally, comparison of antenna arraycharacteristics before and after optimization is presented.
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30

Ujwal, Bharadwaj, B. R. Chethan, S. P. Sharanya, S. Suraj, and M. Sachita. "Design and simulation of phased array antenna 5G applications." i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems 13, no. 1 (2024): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20440.

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Modern mobile communication faces challenges due to the limited frequency spectrum, driving the need for antennas that are simple, low-profile, and robust. Microstrip patch antennas and arrays are ideal choices due to their size, cost, and performance advantages. Polarization is crucial, especially in mobile and space communications, where antenna misalignment requires constant reorientation. Rectangular microstrip patch antennas can help mitigate signal loss and multipath effects in such scenarios. Phased array subsystems are becoming essential in next-generation mobile communication for their ability to electronically steer antenna beams without physical movement. Previous methods for rectangular microstrip patch radiation using orthogonal modes with a 90° time-phase difference resulted in poor axial ratio, gain, and return loss. These methods also used complex dual-feed excitation with an external 90° power divider and external phase shifters for beam steering. This paper proposes a simpler approach using a corner trimming technique for radiation and progressive phase excitations at source ports for phased arrays. The design and optimization for 26 GHz operation are achieved using simulation-based modeling software, ANSYS HFSS, on substrates like FR4 epoxy and Rogers RT or Duroid 5880. This paper includes the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip patches and 1x2 and 1x4 linear phased arrays to operate at 26 Ghz.
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31

Shookooh, Besharat Rezaei, Alireza Monajati, and Hamid Khodabakhshi. "Theory, Design, and Implementation of a New Family of Ultra-Wideband Metamaterial Microstrip Array Antennas Based on Fractal and Fibonacci Geometric Patterns." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 1 (2020): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2020.20.1.53.

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The theory and design of a new family of ultra-wideband (UWB) metamaterial (MTM) microstrip array antennas based on fractal and Fibonacci geometric patterns are investigated. First, the UWB microstrip array antenna is presented with two radiating MTM elements. Then, using fractal and Fibonacci geometric patterns, the array antenna is expanded. Improvements in the antenna parameters is achieved by repeating the second and third iterations of the fractal and Fibonacci patterns. As the order of iteration of the fractal and Fibonacci geometric patterns increases, the impedance bandwidth of the MTM microstrip array antenna increases, and its radar cross-section (RCS) decreases. The impedance bandwidth of the array antenna with two MTM elements is 3.37–9.2 GHz, while the bandwidth of the third-iteration Fibonacci and fractal MTM array antennas are 3.5–10.1 GHz and 3.55–10.34 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed array antennas exhibit lower RCS due to metal area reduction, with respect to the array antenna with two MTM elements.
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32

Скороходов, Е. В., М. В. Сапожников та В. Л. Миронов. "Магнитно-резонансная силовая спектроскопия массива микрополосок пермаллоя". Письма в журнал технической физики 44, № 5 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2018.05.45707.17101.

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AbstractThe ferromagnetic resonance in an array of permalloy microstrips 3000 × 500 × 30 nm in size ordered on a rectangular grid 3.5 × 6 μm in size has been investigated by magnetic resonance force microscopy. The dependences of magnetic resonance force microscopy spectra of a sample on the probe–sample distance are analyzed. The possibility of detection of a ferromagnetic resonance spectrum of a single microstrip is demonstrated.
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33

Han, Jeonng-Se, Hyun-Sung Lee, Dong-Kug Seo, and Byoung-Woo Park. "Sequentially Rotated Array Microstrip Antenna." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 18, no. 9 (2007): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2007.18.9.1005.

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34

James, J. R., and G. Andrasic. "Dichroic dual-band microstrip array." Electronics Letters 22, no. 20 (1986): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860713.

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35

Bai, Qiang, Jonathan Rigelsford, and Richard Langley. "Crumpling of Microstrip Antenna Array." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, no. 9 (2013): 4567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2013.2269133.

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36

Cheng-Nan Hu and C. K. C. Tzuang. "Microstrip leaky-mode antenna array." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 45, no. 11 (1997): 1698–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.650085.

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37

Shyh-Jong Chung and Kai Chang. "A retrodirective microstrip antenna array." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 46, no. 12 (1998): 1802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.743816.

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38

Lin, Chin-Kai, and Shyh-Jong Chung. "A Filtering Microstrip Antenna Array." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 59, no. 11 (2011): 2856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2011.2160986.

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39

An, H., B. Nauwelaers, and A. van de Capelle. "Broadband active microstrip array elements." Electronics Letters 27, no. 25 (1991): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19911472.

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40

Silveira, Eduardo dos Santos, Bernardo Moscardini Fabiani, Marcus Vinicius Pera de Pina, and Daniel Chagas do Nascimento. "Polarization reconfigurable microstrip phased array." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 97 (December 2018): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2018.10.023.

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41

Fairouz, Mohammad, and Mohammad A. Saed. "A Complete System of Wireless Power Transfer Using a Circularly Polarized Retrodirective Array." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 2 (2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2020.20.2.139.

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A complete system of wireless power transfer using a circularly polarized retrodirective array is presented. A dual frequency, active retrodirective array is proposed for a transmitter system. The antenna array uses circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna subarrays with sequential rotation and surface wave suppression. The designed antenna element eliminates undesired coupling between array elements due to surface waves present in conventional microstrip antenna arrays in order to improve array performance. A sequential rotation technique was implemented to improve impedance matching and circular polarization bandwidths. The proposed retrodirective array was designed to operate at about 2.4 GHz for the interrogating signal and about 5.8 GHz for the retransmitted signal. The beam scanning inherent in retrodirective arrays ensures a uniform power level available to the receiving devices, regardless of their location within the angular sector over which retrodirectivity is achieved. A rectenna was designed as a receiver in order to have a complete system the wireless power transfer. A zero bias Schottky diode with high detection sensitivity was used as the rectifying device. The shorting pins used in the antennas to suppress surface waves also act as return paths for the DC current, eliminating the need for an RF chock in the rectifier circuit. The design procedure, simulation results, and experimental measurements are presented.
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42

Narasimhan, Sivasankari, Keerthana S, and Fedora Marcella J. "Fractal Loaded Circular Patch Antenna for Super Wide Band Operation in THZ Frequency Region." Journal of Remote Sensing GIS & Technology 8, no. 2 (2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jorsgt.2022.v08i02.005.

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This work describes the design and analysis of a 22 circular micro-strip patch antenna array on a FR-4 epoxy substrate. The thickness of the substrate is 1.6 mm, and it is used in a variety of applications, including RADAR and radio frequency identification. The task involves creating a 22 circular microstrip patch antenna array that resonates at 2.4GHz and simulating it for use in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. An FR-4 Epoxy substrate is used to create a circular patch antenna array, which is then supplied using microstrip feed lines. A manufactured antenna has a 1.187GHz resonance. The analysis of antenna parameters includes gain, return loss, VSWR, directivity, reflection coefficient, and radiation pattern. In comparison to a 2x2 rectangular microstrip patch antenna, a 2x2 circular microstrip patch antenna generates better gain and less return loss. It is more helpful for WSN applications than a rectangular array due to its small size and improved directivity.
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43

Saputra, Surya Hadi, Ari Endang Jayati, and Erlinasari Erlinasari. "RANCANG BANGUN ANTENA MIKROSTRIP PATCH CIRCULAR DENGAN TEKNIK LINIER ARRAY UNTUK FREKUENSI WIFI 2,4 GHZ." Elektrika 11, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v11i1.1538.

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<p>Microstrip antenna when the antenna is one of the very rapid development in telecommunications systems that applied to many modern telecommunication equipment today. One application is the wifi. Wifi (Wireless Fidelity) is a wellknown tech-nology that utilizes an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connection, to provide a network connection to all users in the surrounding area. The purpose of this final project is to design microstrip patch antenna built a circular linier array that can be used for signal wifi stronger. The resulting microstrip antenna working in 2.4 GHz band with the acquisition of gain =3.4301 dBi, VSWR = 1.3749 and radiation pattern unidirectional. This antenna design simulation using the software Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator v13. For linear circular microstrip patch antenna array then showed its parameters.<br />Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Wifi, Array, VSWR, Gain</p>
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44

Hall, Natasha Antoinette, Johann Wilhelm Odendaal, and Johan Joubert. "A Wideband Feed Network for Vivaldi Antenna Arrays." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (September 10, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1496851.

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A wideband feed network for a Vivaldi antenna array is presented. A limitation of current wideband antenna arrays is the bandwidth of either the feed network or the antenna element. The proposed antenna array consists of four wideband Vivaldi antennas fed with an improved wideband feed network to extend the useable bandwidth of the array. The proposed feed network consists of coplanar waveguide-to-slotline-to-microstrip line transitions. The feed network has a single coplanar waveguide input and four microstrip line output ports. The feed network achieved uniform amplitude and phase balance and an impedance bandwidth of 160% from 1 GHz to 9 GHz. The feed network was used in a uniform linear antenna array to feed four Vivaldi antenna elements. The Vivaldi antenna array achieved stable radiation patterns from 1.3 GHz to 8 GHz, resulting in a useable bandwidth of 144%. The antenna array has a minimum gain of 8 dBi and a maximum of 13.8 dBi within the frequency band. Results for a prototype Vivaldi antenna array, measured in a compact antenna test range, are presented and compared to simulated results from CST Studio Suite.
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45

Martinic, Matko, Tomislav Markovic, Adrijan Baric, and Bart Nauwelaers. "A 4 × 4 Array of Complementary Split-Ring Resonators for Label-Free Dielectric Spectroscopy." Chemosensors 9, no. 12 (2021): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9120348.

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In this study, complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial structures are proposed for label-free dielectric spectroscopy of liquids in microplates. This novel combination of an array of sensors and microplates is readily scalable and thus offers a great potential for non-invasive, rapid, and label-free dielectric spectroscopy of liquids in large microplate arrays. The proposed array of sensors on a printed circuit board consists of a microstrip line coupled to four CSRRs in cascade with resonant frequencies ranging from 7 to 10 GHz, spaced around 1 GHz. The microwells were manufactured and bonded to the CSRR using polydimethylsiloxane, whose resonant frequency is dependent on a complex relative permittivity of the liquid loaded in the microwell. The individual microstrip lines with CSRRs were interconnected to the measurement equipment using two electronically controllable microwave switches, which enables microwave measurements of the 4 × 4 CSRR array using only a two-port measurement system. The 4 × 4 microwell sensor arrays were calibrated and evaluated using water-ethanol mixtures with different ethanol concentrations. The proposed measurement setup offers comparable results to ones obtained using a dielectric probe, confirming the potential of the planar sensor array for large-scale microplate experiments.
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46

Yerrola, Anil Kumar, Maifuz Ali, Ravi Kumar Arya, Lakhindar Murmu, and Ashwani Kumar. "High Gain Beam Steering Antenna Arrays with Low Scan Loss for mmWave Applications." Defence Science Journal 72, no. 1 (2022): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.72.17318.

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In millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications, the antenna gain is a crucial parameter to overcome path loss and atmospheric attenuation. This work presents the design of two cylindrical conformal antenna arrays, made of modified rectangular microstrip patch antenna as a radiating element, working at 28 GHz for mmWave applications providing high gain and beam steering capability. The microstrip patch antenna element uses Rogers RO4232 substrate with a thickness of 0.5 mm and surface area of 5.8 mm × 5.8 mm. The individual antenna element provides a gain of 6.9 dBi with return loss bandwidth of 5.12 GHz. The first antenna array, made by using five conformal antenna elements, achieves a uniform gain of approximately 12 dBi with minimal scan loss for extensive scan angles. In the second antenna array, a dielectric superstrate using Rogers TMM (10i) was used to modify the first antenna array. It enhanced the gain to approximately 16 dBi while still maintaining low scan loss for wide angles. The proposed array design method is very robust and can be applied to any conformal surface. The mathematical equations are also provided to derive the array design, and both array designs are verified by using full-wave simulations.
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47

Ghaloua, Ahmed, Jamal Zbitou, Larbi El Abdellaoui, Mohamed Latrach, Ahmed Errkik, and Abdelali Tajmouati. "A Miniature Microstrip Antenna Array using Circular Shaped Dumbbell for ISM Band Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (2018): 3793. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3793-3800.

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The aim of this work is the achievement, and the validation of a small microstrip patch antenna array using a circular shaped dumbbell defected ground structure. This work has been dividing into two stages: The first step is to miniaturize a microstrip patch antenna resonating at 5.8GHz, which operate in the Industrial Scientific Medical band (ISM) and the second is to use a circular defected ground structure to shift the resonance frequency of the antenna array from 5.8GHz to 2.45GHz. At last, a miniaturization up to 74.47%, relative to the original microstrip antenna array has accomplished. The antenna structure has designed, optimized and miniaturized using CST MW Studio. The obtained results have compared with Ansoft’s HFSS electromagnetic solver. The antenna array has fabricated on FR-4 substrate, and its reflection coefficient is measured.
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48

Ahmed, Ghaloua, Zbitou Jamal, El Abdellaoui Larbi, Latrach Mohamed, Errkik Ahmed, and Tajmouati Abdelali. "A Miniature Microstrip Antenna Array using Circular Shaped Dumbbell for ISM Band Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (2018): 3793–800. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3793-3800.

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The aim of this work is the achievement, and the validation of a small microstrip patch antenna array using a circular shaped dumbbell defected ground structure. This work has been dividing into two stages: The first step is to miniaturize a microstrip patch antenna resonating at 5.8GHz, which operate in the Industrial Scientific Medical band (ISM) and the second is to use a circular defected ground structure to shift the resonance frequency of the antenna array from 5.8GHz to 2.45GHz. At last, a miniaturization up to 74.47%, relative to the original microstrip antenna array has accomplished. The antenna structure has designed, optimized and miniaturized using CST MW Studio. The obtained results have compared with Ansoft’s HFSS electromagnetic solver. The antenna array has fabricated on FR-4 substrate, and its reflection coefficient is measured.
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49

Sotyohadi, Sotyohadi, I. Komang Somawirata, Kartiko Ardi Widodo, Son Thanh Phung, and Ivar Zekker. "Design and Simulation “Ha”-Slot Patch Array Microstrip Antenna for WLAN 2.4 GHz." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 58, S (2021): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)761.

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This paper presents a linear 1 × 2 “Ha ( )”–slot patch array microstrip antenna. The proposed design of an array microstrip antenna is intended for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 2.4 GHz devices. From the previous research concerning the single patch “Ha ( )”–slot microstrip antenna, the gain that can be achieved is 5.77 dBi in simulation. This value is considered too small for an antenna to accommodate WLAN devices if compare to a Hertzian antenna. To enhance the gain of microstrip antenna, some methods can be considered using linear 1 × 2 patch array and T-Junction power divider circuit to have matching antenna impedance. The distances between two patches are one of the important steps to be considered in designing the patch array microstrip antenna. Thus, the minimum distance between the patch elements are calculated should be greater than λ/2 of the resonance frequency antenna. If the distance less than λ/2 electromagnetically coupled will occur, vice versa when it is to widen the dimension of the antenna will less efficient. Epoxy substrate Flame Resistant 4 (FR4) with dielectric constant 4.3 is used as the platform designed for the array antenna and it is analyzed using simulation software Computational Simulation Technology (CST) studio suite by which return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and gain are calculated. The simulation result showed that the designed antenna achieve return loss (S11) -25.363 dB with VSWR 1.1 at the frequency 2.4 GHz, and the gain obtained from simulation is 8.96 dBi, which is greater than 64.4 % if compared to the previous one. The proposed antenna design shows that increasing the number of patches in the array can technically improve the gain of a microstrip antenna, which can cover a wider area if applied to WLAN devices
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50

Hameed, Saja, Hassan A. Yasser, and Ahmad H. Al-Shaheen. "Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design and Mutual Coupling Reduction for Wi-Fi and Wi-Max Applications." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 12, no. 1 (2025): 30–35. https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v12i1.1288.

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The 5G multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip antenna with isolation enhancement that is tiny and based on a BandPass metamaterial (BPM) is presented in this study. The expectation of higher data rates drove the development of fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication networks. The performance of a two-element microstrip antenna array with and without bandpass metamaterial is compared in this work. The antenna consists of two parts, with its radiators positioned to report the parallel direction. The array antenna's overall dimensions are small, measuring 40 × 72 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed isolated double patch parallel antenna produces bandwidth and mutual coupling equal to 11GHz and less than -30dB at a frequency range from 1.5 to 6GHz, respectively, while the rectangular microstrip patch antenna array produces these values at 14.80 GHz and -55.94dB. When compared to the double microstrip parallel antenna, the double microstrip parallel antenna with BPM is superior in terms of mutual coupling. This increasing demand for faster data speeds in the rapidly changing field of mobile communication technologies is met by this creative antenna.
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