Journal articles: 'Microstrip Ring Antennas'

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Jambunathan, Suriya Prakash. "A Machine Learning-Based Approach for Antenna Design Using Class_Reg Algorithm Optimized Using Genetic Algorithm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39097.

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Abstract: Microstrip patch antennas are predominantly in use in mobile communication and healthcare. Their performances are even improved, using Split-Ring Resonator cells. But finding the ideal dimensions of the microstrip patch antenna and calculating the correct number and size of the split ring resonator cells consume a lot of time when we use Electromagnetic Simulation software to design first and then simulate. Using the pre-calculated results of certain sets of microstrip patch antennas with split ring resonators, a machine learning model can be trained and hence be used to predict the antenna metrics when the dimensions are specified. When the machine learning algorithms are combined with feature-optimization algorithms such as the Genetic Algorithm, the efficiency and performance can be improved further. Keywords: Machine Learning, Micro-strip Patch Antenna, Genetic algorithm, Split Ring Resonator.

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Ali, Khamis, Norun Abdul Malek, Ahmad Zamani Jusoh, Sarah Yasmin Mohamad, Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin, and Ani Liza Asnawi. "Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element pattern technique." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 994–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1516.

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Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.

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Singh, Ashish, Mohammad Aneesh, and J. A. Ansari. "Analysis of Microstrip Line Fed Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications." Open Engineering 7, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2017-0034.

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AbstractIn this paper, theoretical analysis of microstrip line fed rectangular patch antenna loaded with parasitic element and split-ring resonator is presented. The proposed antenna shows that the dualband operation depends on gap between parasitic element, split-ring resonator, length and width of microstrip line. It is found that antenna resonates at two distinct resonating modes i.e., 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz for lower and upper resonance frequencies respectively. The antenna shows dual frequency nature with frequency ratio 2.0. The characteristics of microstrip line fed rectangular patch antenna loaded with parasitic element and split-ring resonator antenna is compared with other prototype microstrip line fed antennas. Further, the theoretical results are compared with simulated and reported experimental results, they are in close agreement.

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Li, Linpeng, Shengze Ye, Jianchun Xu, Yanan Hao, Limin Guo, Daquan Yang, and Ke Bi. "Split-ring resonator-based compact microstrip antenna." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 04 (February 10, 2019): 1950043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491950043x.

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Compact microstrip antennas based on split-ring resonator (SRR) structure are proposed and fabricated in this paper. The resonant frequency of the antennas is discussed upon different geometric structures. The influencing mechanism of the antenna parameters on resonant frequency is analyzed. The analytical and experimental analyses are carried out and proved that the resonant frequency can be controlled from 13.5 GHz to 17.2 GHz by tuning some of the crucial parameters. A good agreement between the simulations and the measurement results suggests that the proposed antenna can be designed at different resonant frequencies while maintaining a small-size, low-profile structure and good performance.

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Kucukoner, E. M., A. Cinar, U. Kose, and E. Ekmekci. "Electrical Size Reduction of Microstrip Antennas by Using Defected Ground Structures Composed of Complementary Split Ring Resonator." Advanced Electromagnetics 10, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i1.1556.

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In this study the effects of using defected ground structures (DGS) composed of a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) and CSRR with dumbbell (CSRR-D) for rectangular microstrip antennas are investigated. On this aim, two different antennas, which are Antenna B having CSRR etched DGS and Antenna C having CSRR-D etched DGS are designed and fabricated in comparison with the ordinary rectangular patch antenna, which is Antenna A. In both Antennas B and C, CSRR structures are etched in the same position of the ground planes. On the other hand, another ordinary microstrip antenna, called Antenna D, is designed at resonance frequency of Antenna C. For the characterization; resonance frequencies, voltage standing wave ratios, percentage bandwidths, gains, ka values and gain radiation patterns are investigated both in simulations and experiments. The numerical analyses show that 29.39% and 44.49% electrical size reduction (ESR) ratios are obtained for Antenna B and Antenna C, respectively in comparison to Antenna A. The experimental results verify the ESR ratios with 29.15% and 44.94%. Supporting, Antenna C promises 68.12% physical size reduction (PSR) as it is compared with Antenna D. These results reveal that Antenna C is a good alternative for DGS based microstrip electrically small antennas.

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Nagy, Lajos. "Microstrip Antenna Development for Radar Sensor." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020909.

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Tank level measurement is an important research area in radar technology. Level measurement using radar technology is a safe solution even under extreme process conditions, such as high pressure, temperature, and vapors. Special antennas are required to meet electromagnetic requirements such as high gain, low sidelobe level, and high bandwidth. Another requirement is a small size and good manufacturability of the antenna. One promising solution is the use of microstrip antennas for tank-level measurements. This paper presents a special microstrip antenna, that meets the main requirements in addition to a circular antenna layout, which fills optimally the tank hatch. To do this, we created a special antenna layout with a suitable feeding network and added an optimized ring around the antenna system, which significantly reduces the sidelobe level. The center frequency of the antenna is 25 GHz with a 1 GHz bandwidth.

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Ahmed, Sadiq, and Madhukar Chandra. "Design of a dual linear polarization antenna using split ring resonators at X-band." Advances in Radio Science 15 (November 6, 2017): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-259-2017.

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Abstract. Dual linear polarization microstrip antenna configurations are very suitable for high-performance satellites, wireless communication and radar applications. This paper presents a new method to improve the co-cross polarization discrimination (XPD) for dual linear polarized microstrip antennas at 10 GHz. For this, three various configurations of a dual linear polarization antenna utilizing metamaterial unit cells are shown. In the first layout, the microstrip patch antenna is loaded with two pairs of spiral ring resonators, in the second model, a split ring resonator is placed between two microstrip feed lines, and in the third design, a complementary split ring resonators are etched in the ground plane. This work has two primary goals: the first is related to the addition of metamaterial unit cells to the antenna structure which permits compensation for an asymmetric current distribution flow on the microstrip antenna and thus yields a symmetrical current distribution on it. This compensation leads to an important enhancement in the XPD in comparison to a conventional dual linear polarized microstrip patch antenna. The simulation reveals an improvement of 7.9, 8.8, and 4 dB in the E and H planes for the three designs, respectively, in the XPD as compared to the conventional dual linear polarized patch antenna. The second objective of this paper is to present the characteristics and performances of the designs of the spiral ring resonator (S-RR), split ring resonator (SRR), and complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial unit cells. The simulations are evaluated using the commercial full-wave simulator, Ansoft High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).

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Najafy, Vahid, and Mohammad Bemani. "Mutual-coupling reduction in triple-band MIMO antennas for WLAN using CSRRs." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 8 (March 19, 2020): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078720000215.

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AbstractFor the requirements of low mutual-coupling MIMO antennas for WLAN, a new complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) unit cell is introduced in this paper. A microstrip-fed Vivaldi antenna array is designed for WLAN applications, where compact triple-band gap-complementary split-ring resonator unit cells are loaded between two antennas to examine the effect of unit cells on the rate of mutual-coupling reduction. By inserting the CSRR, the final design offered an improvement in decoupling by 8.5, 10.5, and 18 dB at 3.65, 4.9, and 5.8 GHz, respectively, compared with the reference antenna. By suppressing surface waves, antenna gain and front-to-back ratio are improved.

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Cui, Cheng, Yingnan Ren, Pengfei Tao, and Binzhao Cao. "Microstrip Antenna with High Gain and Strong Directivity Loaded with Cascaded Hexagonal Ring-Shaped Metamaterial." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 7289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237289.

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A new cascaded hexagonal ring-shaped metamaterial element is designed, which is arranged periodically and placed on the top of a traditional microstrip antenna to optimize the performance of the traditional antenna. The simulation results show that the new metamaterial microstrip antenna works at near 10 GHz, the impedance bandwidth is extended by 0.25 GHz and the gain is increased by 113.6% compared with a traditional microstrip antenna. Cross-shaped slots are etched on the ground plate of the microstrip antenna to widen the impedance bandwidth. It is shown that the impedance bandwidths at the resonant frequencies of 10 GHz and 14 GHz are broadened by 0.06 GHz and 0.56 GHz, respectively, and the gain of the slot-etched antenna is 13.454 dB. After the metamaterial unit structure is optimized, a nested double-hexagon ring-shaped electromagnetic metamaterial unit structure is proposed. The metamaterial slot microstrip antenna operates in two frequency bands of 10 GHz and 14 GHz; the relative bandwidths are increased to 16.9% and 19.4% with two working bandwidths of 1.74 GHz and 4.98 GHz, respectively; and the gain and directivity are also improved compared with the traditional microstrip antenna. The metamaterial unit structure proposed in this paper is of certain reference value for the variety of metamaterial and the application of metamaterial in traditional microstrip antennas.

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Tung, Phan Duy, Phan Huu Lam, and Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa. "A MINIATURIZATION OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING NEGATIVE PERMITIVITY METAMATERIAL BASED ON CSRR-LOADED GROUNDFOR WLAN APPLICATIONS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 6 (December 7, 2016): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/54/6/8375.

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A microstrip antenna using negative index metamaterial based on complementary split ring resonator (CSRR)-loaded ground has been investigated in order to miniaturize the size and improve the antenna characteristics. The proposed antennas are designed on FR4 material and simulated results are provided by HFSS software. The metamaterial antenna was reduced 75 % the overall size compared to the normal microstrip antenna. Furthermore, compared with the normal microstrip antenna, the antenna characteristics of the metamaterial antenna were improved significantly. The proposed metamaterial antenna exhibited the antenna resonate at 2.45 GHz, the gain of higher than 6.5 dB and the bandwidth of 110 MHz through the whole WLAN band. The obtained results indicated that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for WLAN applications.

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Garg, R., and V. S. Reddy. "Edge feeding of microstrip ring antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 51, no. 8 (August 2003): 1941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2003.815423.

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Yon, H., N. H. Abd Rahman, M. A. Aris, and Hadi Jumaat. "Developed high gain microstrip antenna like microphone structure for 5G application." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp3086-3094.

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We present a new development of microstrip antenna structure combining a simple circular structure with a ring antenna structure as the parasitic element to improve the antenna gain and bandwidth for 5G mobile application. The proposed antenna was fed by a 50Ω microstrip feeding line due to its advantages in performance. The antenna was designed and simulated using a single substrate with double layered copper (top and bottom) with the radiating patch on the top layer and full ground on the bottom layer of the same substrate. Three antennas have been designed namely; design1, design2 and design3 to complete the research works.The antennas ware simulated and optimized at 18 GHz using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) with permittivity, r = 2.2 and thickness, h = 1.57mm on low-loss material Roger RT-Duroid 5880 substrate. The antennas ware reasonably well matched at their corresponding frequency of operations. The simulation and measurement results have shown that the antenna works well. The simulation results have shown that the three antennas works well at the selected frequency. The final simulated antenna for design1, design2 and design3 has been fabricated to measure the performance and also to validate the simulation result with the measurement result. The measurement data for antenna design1, design2 and design3 shows frequency shift of 3% from the simulation result. The final protype of design3 gives 6.6dB gain, -14.51dB return loss, 180MHz bandwidth, and antenna efficiency of 53.9%. All three antennas ware measured using Vector network analyzer (VNA) and Anechoic chamber.

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Guo, Honglei, Yu Chen, Qiannan Wu, Jianyang Wang, Yu He, Yonghong Cao, and Mengwei Li. "A Multi-Frequency Omnidirectional Antenna Based on a Ring-Shaped Structure." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (May 3, 2023): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14050994.

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A multi-frequency microstrip antenna loaded with a ring-like structure has been proposed. The radiating patch on the antenna surface consists of three split-ring resonator structures, and the ground plate consists of a bottom metal strip and three ring-shaped metals with regular cuts to form a defective ground structure. The proposed antenna works in six different frequency bands covering 1.10, 1.33, 1.63, 1.97, 2.08, and 2.69 GHz and works entirely when connected to 5G NR (FR1, 0.45–3 GHz), 4GLTE (1.6265–1.6605 GHz), Personal Communication System (1.85–1.99 GHz), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (1.92–2.176 GHz), WiMAX (2.5–2.69 GHz), and other communications frequency bands. Moreover, such antennas also have stable omnidirectional radiation properties across different operating frequency bands. This antenna meets the needs of portable multi-frequency mobile devices and provides a theoretical approach for the development of multi-frequency antennas.

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Amami, Mustafa M. "Testing Patch, Helix and Vertical Dipole GPS Antennas with without Choke Ring Frame." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40396.

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Abstract: The antenna is the connecting part between Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite and receiver, and it works on transferring the satellite signal propagation to the receiver with minimum interruption. This is beside the main role that GPS antenna can play for accurate and precise positioning. High quality GPS antennas have high gain, systematic radiation pattern, Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP), and low directivity. Multipath error is a principal error source connected with GPS positioning and it can be mitigated using better antenna design. GPS antennas tend to be provided with choke ring frame for protection from the reflected RHCP electromagnetic waves. In this paper, the performance of three different types of GPS antenna, namely: Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA), Helix antenna (HA), and Vertical Dipole antenna (VDA), with and without choke ring frame, has been investigated using single frequency GPS receiver. The antennas have been examined under the same GPS environment, including satellites constellation, geometry, and surroundings, with different heights from the ground reflector surface for multipath evaluation. Short base-line kinematic differential code GPS (DGPS) technique has been used for removing and mitigating the main GPS error sources and focusing on multipath effect. Satellite residuals and the quality of the obtained positioning have been considered for evaluating the performance of each antenna. The results have reflected the ability of choke ring frames to improve the performance of the three GPS antennas with different rates in multipath areas, and illustrate the advantages and limitations of each antenna. Keywords: Micro-strip, Patch, Helix, Vertical Dipole, GPS, Choke Ring Antenna, Multipath.

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Deng, Chao. "Wideband Microstrip Antennas Loaded by Ring Resonators." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 1665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2294921.

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Abdelaal, Mohamed A., and Hussein Hamed Mahmoud Ghouz. "NEW COMPACT CIRCULAR RING MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 46 (2014): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc13121602.

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Deshmukh, Amit A., and K. P. Ray. "Broadband proximity-fed square-ring microstrip antennas." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 56, no. 2 (April 2014): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2014.6837068.

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Geng, Peng, Shu Hui Yang, Yue Wang, and Yin Chao Chen. "Miniaturization Design of the 5.8GHz RFID Antenna Based on Metamaterial." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.632.

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In this paper we designed a 5.8GHZ microstrip antenna whose relative bandwidth is 3.77% and return loss is-36.941dB. It meets the needs of RFID systems.Besides, the resonant frequency of the antennas is reduced to 5.2GHZ, after adding the “I” ring resonator. Also, the paper shows that the other performance of the antenna still meet the RFID system requirements. It is 47.1% of the original size after adjusting the resonant frequency of the antenna to 5. 8GHz.

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Sheokand, Jyoti, and Davinder Parkash. "COMPACT CPW FED ANTENNA HAVING DUAL AND INVERTED BEAKER SHAPED FOR WLAN/WIMAX OPERATIONS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2012): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v3i2a.6775.

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In recent years, great interest is focused on microstrip antennas for their small volumes, low profiles, good integration, low costs and good performance. With the continuous growth of wireless and mobile communication service and the constant miniaturization of communication equipment, there are higher demands for the volume of antennas, integration and working band. This paper presents a basic rectangular shaped microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications system which is suitable for 4.54 GHz to 5.632 GHz band operations. These systems may include upper higher bands of WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and wireless local-area network (WLAN). A rectangular ring slot is cut and double T shape along with one inverted beaker slot is embedded into it. Besides that, in the inverted beaker shape, similar shape slot is cut. This design has several advantages such as compact size, omnidirectional radiation pattern etc. which all are studied. The results confirm good performance of the single and multiband antenna design.

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Dash, Rajib Kumar, Puspendu Bikash Saha, Dibyendu Ghoshal, and Gopinath Palai. "Design of triangular shaped slotted patch antennas for both wideband and multiband applications." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 68, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-210098.

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In this article two fractal geometry-based slotted patch antennas are designed to achieve wideband response with multiband characteristics and reduced cross polarized radiation in both E- and H-plane for all the resonating bands. The proposed antennas are fed with microstrip line feeding formed on a FR4 substrate of size 0.25𝜆0 × 0.25𝜆0 × 0.02𝜆0 mm3 and loaded with a partial ground plane at the bottom of the substrate. HFSS is used to design and simulate both the antennas. Wideband behavior and impedance matching of Antenna-1 are improved by optimizing the factor of iteration and length of the ground plane. Due to addition of 3 identical split ring resonators (SRR) with the antenna geometry leads to achieve multiband response in Antenna-2. The dimensions of the SRR connectors and feedline have been optimized through parametric analysis to match the impedance properly at all the three resonating bands. It has been found that simulated and measurement results of both the antennas are properly matched.

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Mallavarapu, S., and A. Lokam. "Circuit Modeling and Analysis of Wearable Antennas on the Effect of Bending for Various Feeds." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 1 (February 12, 2022): 8180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4699.

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The promising utilization of wearable antennas has experienced gigantic growth during the last decade. An antenna is one of the most significant and crucial components of wireless wearable devices. They need to be particularly designed to work while worn on and off the body. The wearable antenna embedded into clothing finds its use in wireless communications including tracking and navigation, mobile and wearable computing, and public safety and security. For user accessibility, there is a growing requirement for incorporating antennas on or in clothing. Determining the dielectric characteristics of the flexible substrates utilized in the design of the wearable antenna is also essential. In this paper, a Microstrip Ring Resonator (MRR) is employed to determine the dielectric properties of fabric substrates followed by state-of-the-art designs of wearable antennas and their bending effects at ISM band frequencies. An electrical equivalent model is designed to realize the potentials inside the geometry of an antenna under bending environment. This is followed by observing the effect of bending for different feeding methods on the wearable antenna's parameters when bending on a certain radius. The robustness of the proposed wearable antenna is examined by measuring the antenna under various bending curvatures for return loss, gain, and efficiencies. This will disclose the various contemplations for designing a wearable antenna from different feeding mechanisms with different materials and exemplifying the antenna's outcomes to dynamic moments of the human body. The performance of the proposed wearable antenna is acceptable even in a deformation environment, and there is a good agreement between the measured and the simulation results.

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D., Roopashree, Shruthi K. N., R. Bhagyalakshmi, and Chaithra K. N. "Design and Minimization of Mutual Coupling Steered Array Lens Antenna for 5G Communication." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS 13 (December 31, 2022): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232017.2022.13.20.

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Examining and evaluating the improved microstrip patch antenna to enhance the performance by the initial objectives are the main contribution of this paper. To achieve multiband operation, the patch's shape is first adjusted later microstrip patch with the slot presented. With the help of the Ansoft HFSS antenna simulator, functional analysis has been shown to examine the impact on antenna resonant frequency. A probe-driven microstrip patch antenna imprinted on FR4 epoxy substrate with 1.6mm thickness and a dielectric constant of 4.4 is developed in this work via the HFSS tool for wireless applications operating between 2 to 5GHz. To achieve multiband operation, the structure of the patch is varied. The impacts on antenna resonant frequency are examined through numerical simulations. The length, as well as the width of a traditional patch antenna, is initially computed, and further, an appropriate patch dimension of 28.3mm x 36.9mm has been determined. For multiband operation over the frequency ranging between 2 and 5GHz wireless applications, a probe-driven microstrip patch antenna imprinted on FR4 epoxy substrate with 1.6mm thickness and a dielectric constant of 4.4 is built via the HFSS tool. The proposed architecture of a traditional microstrip patch antenna is imprinted on an FR4 epoxy substrate with a 1.6mm thickness and a 4.4 dielectric constant. The proposed antenna design is illustrated for the 3D structure of the Mutual Coupling Steered Array-Lens Antenna System (MPA) with an improved patch. To achieve multiband operation, two slots are inserted on the edges of the patch, and both the slots are 2mm wide, as well as the depth of the slots is modified to see how it corresponds to the resonant frequency. This work is mainly concentrated on (i) Examining as well as evaluating the improved microstrip patch antenna to enhance its performance, (ii) Examining, evaluating, as well as assessing the performance of an improved split ring resonator metamaterial, and (iii) Exploring, analyzing, as well as evaluating the performance of dielectric lens base patch array antennas and (iv) Developing as well as analyzing the transmission line phase shifter. The groundwork for developing this work is being carried out, and a comparative study is made on (i) techniques for improving the antenna's performance through the application of a modified patch antenna, a Modified split ring resonator, a Dielectric lens structure, and Transmission line phase shifter.

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Batchelor, J. C., and R. J. Langley. "Microstrip annular ring slot antennas for mobile applications." Electronics Letters 32, no. 18 (1996): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19961102.

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Yong-Xin Guo, Kwai-Man Luk, and Kai-Fong Lee. "L-probe proximity-fed annular ring microstrip antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 49, no. 1 (2001): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.910524.

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Vasconcelos, C. F. L., S. G. Silva, M. R. M. L. Albuquerque, J. R. S. Oliveira, and A. G. d’Assunção. "Annular Ring Microstrip Antennas for Millimeter Wave Applications." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 28, no. 10 (July 21, 2007): 821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-007-9232-x.

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Tsang, K. K., and R. J. Langley. "Annular ring microstrip antennas on biased ferrite substrates." Electronics Letters 30, no. 16 (August 4, 1994): 1257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940869.

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Karimbu Vallappil, Arshad, Bilal A. Khawaja, Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim, Muhammad Naeem Iqbal, and Hassan T. Chattha. "Metamaterial-Inspired Electrically Compact Triangular Antennas Loaded with CSRR and 3 × 3 Cross-Slots for 5G Indoor Distributed Antenna Systems." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020198.

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In this article, two distinct kinds of metamaterial (MTM) antennas are proposed for fifth-generation (5G) indoor distributed antenna systems (IDAS). Both antennas operate in the sub-6 GHz 5G band, i.e., 3.5 GHz. The antenna’s radiating structure is based on a combination of triangular and rectangular patches, as well as two complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) unit-cells etched on the top layer. The bottom layer of the first MTM antenna is a complete ground plane, while the bottom layer of the second MTM antenna is etched by a 3 × 3 cross-slot MTM structure on the ground plane. The use of these structures on the ground plane improves the antenna bandwidth. The proposed antennas are designed using two different substrates i.e., a high-end Rogers thermoset microwave materials (TMM4) substrate (h = 1.524 mm/εr = 4.5/tan δ = 0.002) and a low-end flame-resistant (FR4) epoxy glass substrate (h = 1.6 mm/εr = 4.3/tan δ = 0.025), respectively. The antenna designs are simulated using CST microwave studio, and in the end, the antenna fabrication is performed using FR4 substrate, and the results are compared. Furthermore, parametric analysis and comparative studies are carried out to investigate the performance of the designed antennas. The simulated and measured results are presented for various parameters such as return-loss, gain, and radiation pattern. The two MTM antennas have an overall dimension of 18 × 34 mm2, demonstrating that the proposed design is 60 percent smaller than a standard microstrip patch antenna (MPA). The two proposed MTM antenna designs with complete ground plane and 3 × 3 cross-slot MTM on the bottom layer using FR4 substrate have a measured gain/bandwidth characteristic of 100 MHz/2.6 dBi and 700 MHz/2.3 dBi, respectively.

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Rani, Puja, Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal, and Amod Kumar. "Design and Analysis of flexible patch antenna on transparent PVC material substrate." ITM Web of Conferences 54 (2023): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20235404002.

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Flexible substrates play a vital role in the design of wearable antennas. Analysis and fabrication of rectangular microstrip patch antenna have been demonstrated in this paper on a least explored flexible PVC-based transparent sheet. The substrate’s dielectric constant and loss tangent have been calculated by conducting a standard ring resonator test. The effect of bending on an antenna with different bending diameters along the x-axis and y-axis has been observed on Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to verify the flexibility of substrate material for wearable applications.

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R. Satarkar, Pandharinath, and Rajesh Basant Lohani. "Characterization of metamaterial based patch antenna for worldwide interoperability for microwave access application." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 2687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i5.4149.

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Electromagnetic metamaterial is an artificial material that is made up of different types of structural designs on dielectric substrates. In this paper a broad and elite investigation is being carried out by designing and simulating a metamaterial cell comprising a square split ring resonator with a copper wire strip etched on the ground plane to discover its some unusual parameters such as double negativity of cell which are naturally not found in other materials of nature. A course of action of these unit cells in a grouping shapes metamaterial. These metamaterial cells show exceptionally great applications in the design of microstrip patch antennas by improving their characteristics such as bandwidth, return loss, and gain. The proposed microstrip line feed patch antenna is designed at a 3.5 GHz resonance frequency useful for various worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The ground plane of a substrate of a patch antenna is loaded with a square split-ring resonator, the proposed antenna is fabricated to obtain experimental parameters. A conventional and proposed patch antenna is simulated, fabricated tested analysed, and reported for performance comparison of its parameters.

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Palanisamy, V., and R. Garg. "Rectangular ring and H-shaped microstrip antennas—alternatives to rectangular patch antenna." Electronics Letters 21, no. 19 (1985): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850617.

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Pal, Joydeep, and Bhaskar Gupta. "A Compact Tri-Band Penta-Polarization Reconfigurable Planar Antenna for Interference Management in 5G Ultra-Dense Network Environment." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2023 (August 17, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2679182.

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Interference and multipath are the most common issues in the wireless domain due to the coexistence of a large number of wireless nodes operating within the constraint spectrum. A compact planar antenna with five reconfigurable polarization states in three distinct operating bands is presented in this article. A square patch is enclosed by a square outer ring in the design, and these antennas are coupled-decoupled successively using switching diodes to excite three distinct operating bands. Coplanar microstrip lines are used to feed the orthogonal edges of the antenna. The diagonal corners of the inner and outer ring patches are truncated to realize dual circular polarization (CP) states with proper biasing. Switching diodes are placed at the etched corners to realize vertical (VP) and horizontal (HP) polarization. Both the orthogonal feed lines are activated simultaneously with identical phase and amplitude to realize 45° linear polarization. A low-profile, single-feed, compact prototype reconfigurable microstrip antenna (MSA) is finally designed, fabricated, and measured at 1.8 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz bands, respectively. Each operating band shows five distinct operating states. The simulation results for all fifteen states are found to be consistent with the measurement.

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Hamad, Ehab K. I., and Ahmed Abdelaziz. "Metamaterial superstrate microstrip patch antenna for 5G wireless communication based on the theory of characteristic modes." Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0027.

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Abstract Metamaterials (MTMs) have received considerable attention due to their novel electromagnetic properties. Their applications include enhancing gain and bandwidth in microstrip antennas. In this article, a dual band microstrip antenna design based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA) using MTM superstrate is proposed for 5G wireless communication. The CMA is used for the modelling, analysis and optimization of the proposed antenna to examine the underlying modal behaviour of the MTM unit cell and to guide mode excitation. The antenna structure consists of a microstrip feed line connected to a rectangular patch. Then triangular split ring resonator unit cell is inserted on the ground of a traditional patch antenna that resonates at 15 GHz to produce additional resonance at 10 GHz. A planar array of 2 × 3 triangle MTM unit cells is used as superstrate to improve the gain and bandwidth at both resonances simultaneously. The optimal distance between MTM superstrate and the antenna patch is determined using the Fabry-Perot cavity theory to maximize power directivity and efficiency of the proposed antenna. The CST microwave studio software is used to model and optimize the proposed antenna. A prototype of the designed antenna that was fabricated showed good agreement between measurement and simulation results.

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Hu, Li Zhong, Guang Ming Wang, and Guo Cheng Wu. "Electromagnetic Coupling Reduction in Microstrip Antenna Arrays Using Single-Negative Electric Waveguided Metamaterials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.816.

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A single-negative electric waveguided metamaterial (WG-MTM) is proposed using folded complementary split single ring resonator (FCSSRR) to reduce mutual coupling in antenna arrays for MIMO applications. The WG-MTM is investigated numerically, which proved to exhibit electric resonance and band-gap property. Two antenna arrays have been designed, fabricated and measured. By inserting the electric negative metamaterial, a mutual coupling reduction of 9.2dB has been achieved with an edge-to-edge distance less than 0.17 (where is the operating wavelength). Moreover, the metamaterial loaded antenna has better far-field radiation patterns compared with the reference antenna. Thus, this novel structure not only has good coupling reduction ability, but also can optimize the performances of the antennas.

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Latif, S. I., and L. Shafai. "Polarization Characteristics of Multiband Loaded Microstrip Annular Ring Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, no. 9 (September 2009): 2788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2009.2027354.

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Ribero, J. M., J. P. Damiano, and R. Staraj. "Accurate analysis and synthesis of annular ring microstrip antennas." IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 144, no. 5 (1997): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:19971297.

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Gomez-Tagle, J., and C. G. Christodoulou. "Extended cavity model analysis of stacked microstrip ring antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 45, no. 11 (1997): 1626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.650074.

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Latif, S. I., and L. Shafai. "Circular polarisation from dual-layer square-ring microstrip antennas." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 6, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2011.0273.

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El-khamy, S. E., R. M. El-Awadi, and E. B. A. El-Sharrawy. "Simple analysis and design of annular ring microstrip antennas." IEE Proceedings H Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 133, no. 3 (1986): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-h-2.1986.0035.

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Chen, Horng-Dean, and Kin-Lu Wong. "Cross-polarization characteristics of spherical annular-ring microstrip antennas." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 7, no. 13 (September 1994): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650071310.

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Prasad, L., B. Ramesh, K. S. R. Kumar, and K. P. Vinay. "Design and Implementation of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 3 (August 19, 2018): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i3.646.

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Multiband phased array antennas are required for today’s multi-function communication applications. Generally Microstrip antenna arrays like Kotch array, Sierpinski array are used, but in some circuits where space is limited, arrays are not used. Therefore, to achieve the multiband operation with limited space, an antenna is designed with E-shaped in combination with split ring resonator to achieve the multiband operation. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna operates at four different frequencies, 1.8GHz, 3.6GHz, 4.53GHz and 5.73GHz, which can be used for different wireless applications like GSM 1800 (1.71– 1.78 GHz), WiMAX (3.4-3.69GHz) -IEEE 802.16 standards, Wi-Fi/WLAN (5.15-5.82 GHz). All the simulation results like resonant frequency, return loss, radiation patterns and fabricated antenna measured result is presented in this paper. The antenna is simulated using CST 2014 software.

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Singh, Anil Kumar, Ravi Kumar Gangwar, and Binod K. Kanaujia. "Wideband and compact slot loaded annular ring microstrip antenna using L-probe proximity-feed for wireless communications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 7 (April 10, 2015): 1085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000446.

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A wideband orthogonally slot cut annular ring microstrip antenna fed by L-shaped probe is investigated using modal expansion cavity model and circuit theory approach. Simulation of the proposed antenna is performed using Ansoft HFSS and simulated results are compared with the measured and theoretical results. The impedance bandwidth of about 37.46% is observed at resonant frequency 3.15 GHz. The proposed antenna realizes an improvement in bandwidth of 13.46% and miniaturization in physical dimension about 10% from earlier reported structures. An improvement in bandwidth and miniaturization is due to thick substrate, L-probe feed, and orthogonally loaded slots. The measured results of fabricated antennas are in good agreement with simulated and theoretical results.

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Alharbi, Mohammed, Meshaal A. Alyahya, Subramanian Ramalingam, Anuj Y. Modi, Constantine A. Balanis, and Craig R. Birtcher. "Metasurfaces for Reconfiguration of Multi-Polarization Antennas and Van Atta Reflector Arrays." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081262.

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This paper discusses the application of metasurfaces for three different classes of antennas: reconfiguration of surface-wave antenna arrays, realization of high-gain polarization-reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs), and performance enhancement of van Atta retrodirective reflectors. The proposed surface-wave antenna is designed by embedding four square ring elements within a metasurface, which improves matching and enhances the gain when compared to conventional square-ring arrays. The design for linear polarization comprises of a 1 × 4 arrangement of ring elements, with a 0.56λ spacing, placed amidst periodic patches. A 2 × 2 arrangement of ring elements is utilized for reconfiguration from linear to circular polarization, where a similar peak gain with better port isolation is realized. A prototype of the 2 × 2 array is fabricated and measured; a good agreement is observed between simulations and measurements. In addition, the concepts of the design of polarization-diverse holographic metasurface LWAs that form a pencil beam in the desired direction with a reconfigurable polarization are discussed. Moreover, recent developments incorporating polarization-reconfigurability in metasurface LWAs are briefly reviewed. In the end, the theory of van Atta arrays is outlined and their monostatic RCS is reviewed. A conventional retrodirective array is designed using aperture-coupled patch antennas with a microstrip-line feeding network, where the scattering from the structure itself degrades the performance of the reflector. This is followed by the integration of judiciously synthesized metasurfaces to reconfigure and improve the performance of retrodirective reflectarrays by removing the above-mentioned undesired scattering from the structure.

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Bie, Shuhang, and Shi Pu. "Array Design of 300 GHz Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna Based on Dual-Surfaced Multiple Split-Ring Resonators." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 4912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144912.

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To meet the increasing need of high-data-rate and broadband wireless communication systems, the devices and its circuits R&D under Millimeter, Sub-Millimeter, or even Terahertz (THz) frequency bands are attracting more and more attention from not only academic, but also industrial areas. Most of the former research on the THz waveband (0.1–10 THz) antenna design is mainly focused on realizing high directional gain, such as horn antennas, even though the coverage area is very limited when comparing with the current Wi-Fi system. One solution for the horizontally omnidirectional communication antenna is using the structure of multiple split-ring resonators (MSRRs). Aiming at this point, a novel 300 GHz microstrip antenna array based on the dual-surfaced multiple split-ring resonators (DSMSRRs) is proposed in this paper. By employing the two parallel microstrip transmission lines, different MSRRs are fed and connected on two surfaces of the PCB with a centrally symmetric way about them. The feeding port of the whole antenna is in between the centers of the two microstrip lines. Thus, this kind of structure is a so-called DSMSRR. Based on the different size of the MSRRs, different or multiple working wavebands can be achieved on the whole antenna. Firstly, in this paper, the quasi-static model is used to analyze the factors affecting the resonance frequency of MSRRs. Simulation and measured results demonstrate that the resonant frequency of the proposed array antenna is 300 GHz, which meets the design requirements of the expected frequency point and exhibits good radiation characteristics. Then, a dual-band antenna is designed on the above methods, and it is proved by simulation that the working frequency bands of the proposed dual-band antenna with reflection coefficient below −10 dB are 274.1–295.6 GHz and 306.3–313.4 GHz.

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M. M. Hasan Mahfuz, Md Rafiqul Islam, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Norun Abdul Malek, N. Sakib, and A. K. M. Zakir Hossain. "UWB Microstrip Patch Antenna with 5G Lower Band Notch Characteristics." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 11 (June 7, 2022): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i11.30099.

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For fifth generation (5G) lower band wireless application at a frequency of (4.5–5.5) GHz, recently ASEAN region countries have suggested 5G forums and band rejection antennas for 5G (4.5–5.5) GHz lower band. A UWB antenna has been constructed and suggested by use of the Roger RT5880 with defected ground on a rectangular radiating patch and a ring shape type of resonator (RSR) on ground plane to achieve the desired performance. It was decided to construct a band rejection within UWB antenna for 5G which included adding a rectangular slot on the radiating patch as well as placing RSR to the ground plane of the proposed antenna. The results support the theory that the antenna is capable of transmitting and receiving in the UWB except band notched bandwidth. Additionally, the results show that the antenna possesses good performance across the whole UWB spectrum with a gain of 4.6 dBi. This, in addition to its ability to support the lower 5G band notched, is why the suggested antenna is a good contender for future 5G wireless implementations within UWB bandwidth.

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Yeo, Junho, and Jong-Ig Lee. "Design of a High-Sensitivity Microstrip Patch Sensor Antenna Loaded with a Defected Ground Structure Based on a Complementary Split Ring Resonator." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 7064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247064.

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A comparative study to determine the most highly sensitive resonant frequency among the first four resonant frequencies of a conventional patch antenna and defected ground structure (DGS)-loaded patch antennas using commonly used DGS geometries in the literature, such as a rectangular slit, single-ring complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) with different split positions, and double-ring CSRRs (DR-CSRRs) with different locations below the patch, for relative permittivity measurement of planar materials was conducted. The sensitivity performance for placing the DGS on two different locations, a center and a radiating edge of the patch, was also compared. Finally, the effect of scaling down the patch size of the DGS-loaded patch antenna was investigated in order to enhance the sensitivities of the higher order resonant frequencies. It was found that the second resonant frequency of the DR-CSRR DGS-loaded patch antenna aligned on a radiating edge with a half scaled-down patch size shows the highest sensitivity when varying the relative permittivity of the material under test from 1 to 10. In order to validate the simulated performance of the proposed antenna, the conventional and the proposed patch antennas were fabricated on 0.76-mm-thick RF-35 substrate, and they were used to measure their sensitivity when several standard dielectric substrate samples with dielectric constants ranging from 2.17 to 10.2 were loaded. The measured sensitivity of the second resonant frequency for the proposed DGS-loaded patch antenna was 4.91 to 7.72 times higher than the first resonant frequency of the conventional patch antenna, and the measured performance is also slightly better compared to the patch antenna loaded with a meander-line slot on the patch.

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Liu, Ning, Ying Hua Lu, Si Hai Qiu, and Peng Li. "A Novel Wearable Circularly Polarized Antenna in Body-Centric Wireless Communications." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1946–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1946.

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Wearable, textile-based antennas are dominated research topics for body-centric communications because it could be easily worn on body and integrated into clothes. Since the antenna will operate on a moving person, a circularly polarized antenna is needed in order to optimize the off-body communication link. A wearable circularly polarized textile antenna for body-centric wireless communications is designed in this paper. The proposed antenna is a square-ring microstrip antenna with truncated corners with the bandwidth of 9% when off the body. When it is near the body, we simulate the human body as three-layer model including skin, fat and muscle and put the antenna at different distances to the body. The situation of antenna bending is also simulated at different radii. Specific Absorption Rate was evaluated at last.

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Riyam A. Mutashar, Wa'il A. Godaymi Al-Tumah, and Akeel S.Tahir. "Design and Simulation of Triple Band Circular Patch Microstrip Antenna Based on Shape of Ring and Rectangular Slots." Open Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2020): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/ojst.v3i3.1666.

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In this work, new structures of circular microstrip antenna based on slots are designed and simulated to operate with triple band applications. These slots are annular ring and rectangular shapes in different sizes. The annular ring slot is etched inside the circular patch while the other two rectangular slots are etched on the circular patch edge. The suggested antennas are simulated using version 13 of Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The various parameters such as input impedance, reflection coefficient, gain, radiation patterns and surface currents were investigated. The present results observed that the optimum antenna designed is resonating at three frequencies 2.695, 5.799 and 8.323 GHz. Also, the bandwidths of simulated reflection coefficients at -10 dB are 106, 204 and 371 MHz which are identical with the S-, C- and X-bands frequencies, respectively. Therefore, the optimum antenna designed can be used in the space saving applications in addition to its important role in variety applications at these three frequency bands.

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Ojaroudi Parchin, Naser, Haleh Jahanbakhsh Basherlou, Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir, Ahmed M. Abdulkhaleq, and Raed A. Abd-Alhameed. "Ultra-Wideband Diversity MIMO Antenna System for Future Mobile Handsets." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 2371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082371.

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A new ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed for future smartphones. The structure of the design comprises four identical pairs of compact microstrip-fed slot antennas with polarization diversity function that are placed symmetrically at different edge corners of the smartphone mainboard. Each antenna pair consists of an open-ended circular-ring slot radiator fed by two independently semi-arc-shaped microstrip-feeding lines exhibiting the polarization diversity characteristic. Therefore, in total, the proposed smartphone antenna design contains four horizontally-polarized and four vertically-polarized elements. The characteristics of the single-element dual-polarized UWB antenna and the proposed UWB-MIMO smartphone antenna are examined while using both experimental and simulated results. An impedance bandwidth of 2.5–10.2 GHz with 121% fractional bandwidth (FBW) is achieved for each element. However, for S11 ≤ −6 dB, this value is more than 130% (2.2–11 GHz). The proposed UWB-MIMO smartphone antenna system offers good isolation, dual-polarized function, full radiation coverage, and sufficient efficiency. Besides, the calculated diversity performances of the design in terms of the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are very low over the entire operating band.

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Hua-Ming Chen and Kin-Lu Wong. "On the circular polarization operation of annular-ring microstrip antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 47, no. 8 (1999): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.791945.

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Bafrooei, P. M., and L. Shafai. "Characteristics of single- and double-layer microstrip square-ring antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 47, no. 10 (1999): 1633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.805910.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microstrip Ring Antennas'

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