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Journal articles on the topic 'Microstructural imaging'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Alotaibi, Abdulmajeed, Christopher Tench, Rebecca Stevenson, et al. "Investigating Brain Microstructural Alterations in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Systematic Review." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020140.

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Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have an impact on the microstructural environment and cognitive functions of the brain due to its microvascular/macrovascular complications. Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques can allow detection of brain volume reduction in people with diabetes. However, conventional MRI is insufficiently sensitive to quantify microstructural changes. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has been used as a sensitive MRI-based technique for quantifying and assessing brain microstructural abnormalities in patients with diabetes. This systematic review aims to

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2

Talmon, Yeshayahu. "Cryo-TEM of amphiphilic polymer and amphiphile/polymer solutions." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 876–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150216.

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To achieve complete microstructural characterization of self-aggregating systems, one needs direct images in addition to quantitative information from non-imaging, e.g., scattering or Theological measurements, techniques. Cryo-TEM enables us to image fluid microstructures at better than one nanometer resolution, with minimal specimen preparation artifacts. Direct images are used to determine the “building blocks” of the fluid microstructure; these are used to build reliable physical models with which quantitative information from techniques such as small-angle x-ray or neutron scattering can b

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Alotaibi, Abdulmajeed, Mostafa Alqarras, Anna Podlasek, et al. "White Matter Microstructural Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes: A Combined UK Biobank Study of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging." Medicina 61, no. 3 (2025): 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61030455.

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Background and objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects brain white matter microstructure. While diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to study white matter abnormalities in T2DM, it lacks specificity for complex white matter tracts. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) offers a more specific approach to characterising white matter microstructures. This study aims to explore white matter alterations in T2DM using both DTI and NODDI and assess their association with disease duration and glycaemic control, as indicated by HbA1c levels. Methods and Material

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Kane, Genevieve A., M. David Frey, and Robert Hull. "Influence of Controlled Cooling Rates During Thermal Processing of Ti 6% Al 4% V Alloys Using In-Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy." MRS Advances 5, no. 29-30 (2020): 1603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.190.

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ABSTRACTWe describe experimental approaches to real time examination of the microstructural evolution of Ti 6%Al 4%V upon cooling from above the beta transus (~995 °C) while imaging in the scanning electron microscope. Ti 6%Al 4%V is a two phase, α+β titanium alloy with high strength and corrosion resistance. The β →α transformation on cooling can give rise to different microstructures and properties through various thermal treatments. Fully lamellar microstructures, bi-modal microstructures, and equiaxed microstructures can each be obtained by accessing different cooling rates upon the final

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Jaganathan, Sudhakar, Hooman V. Tafreshi, and Behnam Pourdeyhimi. "Two-Scale Modeling Approach to Predict Permeability of Fibrous Media." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 3, no. 2 (2008): 155892500800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892500800300208.

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We previously demonstrated how one can develop a 3–D geometry to model the fibrous microstructure of a nonwoven fiberweb and use it to simulate its permeability at fiber level [1–6]. Developing 3–D models of most nonwoven fabrics (bonded fiberwebs), however, is cumbersome, as in the case of hydroentangled fabrics, for instance. In such cases, microscopic techniques are often used to generate 3–D images of the media's microstructures. Nevertheless, whether the microstructure is modeled or obtained from 3–D imaging, extensive computational resources are required to use them in fluid flow simulat

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Vander Voort, George Frederic, Beatriz Suárez-Peña, and Juan Asensio-Lozano. "Metallographic Assessment of Al-12Si High-Pressure Die Casting Escalator Steps." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 5 (2014): 1486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761400172x.

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AbstractA microstructural characterization study was performed on high-pressure die cast specimens extracted from escalator steps manufactured from an Al-12 wt.% Si alloy designed for structural applications. Black and white, color light optical imaging and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to conduct the microstructural analysis. Most regions in the samples studied contained globular-rosette primary α-Al grains surrounded by an Al-Si eutectic aggregate, while primary dendritic α-Al grains were present in the surface layer. This dendritic microstructure was observed in the regi

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Leyssens, Lisa, Camille Pestiaux, and Greet Kerckhofs. "A Review of Ex Vivo X-ray Microfocus Computed Tomography-Based Characterization of the Cardiovascular System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (2021): 3263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063263.

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Cardiovascular malformations and diseases are common but complex and often not yet fully understood. To better understand the effects of structural and microstructural changes of the heart and the vasculature on their proper functioning, a detailed characterization of the microstructure is crucial. In vivo imaging approaches are noninvasive and allow visualizing the heart and the vasculature in 3D. However, their spatial image resolution is often too limited for microstructural analyses, and hence, ex vivo imaging is preferred for this purpose. Ex vivo X-ray microfocus computed tomography (mic

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Sheng, Wei, Weipeng Li, Ji Qi, et al. "Quantitative Analysis of 4 × 4 Mueller Matrix Transformation Parameters for Biomedical Imaging." Photonics 6, no. 1 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010034.

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Mueller matrix polarimetry is a potentially powerful technique for obtaining microstructural information of biomedical specimens. Thus, it has found increasing application in both backscattering imaging of bulk tissue samples and transmission microscopic imaging of thin tissue slices. Recently, we proposed a technique to transform the 4 × 4 Mueller matrix elements into a group of parameters, which have explicit associations with specific microstructural features of samples. In this paper, we thoroughly analyze the relationships between the Mueller matrix transformation parameters and the chara

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Li, Kexue, Junliang Liu, Chris R. M. Grovenor, and Katie L. Moore. "NanoSIMS Imaging and Analysis in Materials Science." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2020): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-092019-032524.

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High-resolution SIMS analysis can be used to explore a wide range of problems in material science and engineering materials, especially when chemical imaging with good spatial resolution (50–100 nm) can be combined with efficient detection of light elements and precise separation of isotopes and isobaric species. Here, applications of the NanoSIMS instrument in the analysis of inorganic materials are reviewed, focusing on areas of current interest in the development of new materials and degradation mechanisms under service conditions. We have chosen examples illustrating NanoSIMS analysis of g

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Alvis, Roger, David Dingley, and David Field. "Observation of grain superstructure in thin aluminum films by orientation imaging microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138555.

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The correlation of aluminum alloy reliability data to microstructure has long been the goal of those scientists seeking to model electromigration behavior of interconnects. Traditionally, microstructural information has been acquired through x-ray diffraction , and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, each of these techniques is capable of delivering only part of the characterization whole. We describe the application of orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) to thin aluminum alloy films and demonstrate its versatility in providing the key microstructural reliability parameters: name

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Sklenička, Vàclav, Petr Král, Jiří Dvořák, Marie Kvapilová, and Milan Svoboda. "Microstructure Evolution and Creep Behavior in ECAP Processed Metallic Materials." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2689.

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The creep behavior of high purity aluminum and copper, Al-0.2wt.%Sc and Cu-0.2wt.%Zr alloys was examined after processing by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) with an emphasis on the link between microstructure and creep. The microstructure was revealed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and analyzed by stereological methods. Representative microstructural parameters were obtained using orientation imaging microscopy and EBSD on the relationship between creep behavior and microstructure.

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Toda, Hiroyuki, Keisuke Minami, Masakazu Kobayashi, Kentaro Uesugi, Akihisa Takeuchi, and Toshiro Kobayashi. "Observation of Precipitates in Aluminium Alloys by Sub-Micrometer Resolution Tomography Using Fresnel Zone Plate." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1361.

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An X-ray microtomography combined with hard X-ray imaging microscopy, that potentially has a spatial resolution of the order of 10 to 100 nm, has been applied to the three-dimensional observation of internal microstructural features in overaged Al-Ag alloys. A Fresnel zone plate is used as an objective with a magnification of 49.3 times. Imaging of resolution test patterns has indicated spatial resolutions of around 180 and 200 nm in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively. This paper reports the first impression of the microstructural imaging by means of such a high-resolution im

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13

Hubbard, Nicholas A., Monroe Turner, Joanna L. Hutchison, et al. "Multiple sclerosis-related white matter microstructural change alters the BOLD hemodynamic response." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 11 (2016): 1872–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x15615133.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) results in inflammatory damage to white matter microstructure. Prior research using blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) imaging indicates MS-related alterations to brain function. What is currently unknown is the extent to which white matter microstructural damage influences BOLD signal in MS. Here we assessed changes in parameters of the BOLD hemodynamic response function (HRF) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS compared to healthy controls. We also used diffusion tensor imaging to assess whether MS-related changes to the BOLD-HRF were affected by changes in white

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14

Morris, Jonathan C. "Imaging microstructural contact damage in silicon." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100151556.

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The indentation of single crystal silicon has been shown to produce a metal to semiconducting structural phase transformation. This phase transformation dominates the effect of contact damage from both indentation and scratching at low loads and hence affects the results of related mechanical tests. We are examining the microstructure of contact damage in silicon in order to understand better the mechanisms which control its low-load mechanical and tribological behavior. Extensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to characteriz

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15

Kiessling, Fabian, Daniel Razansky, and Frauke Alves. "Anatomical and microstructural imaging of angiogenesis." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 37, S1 (2010): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-010-1450-0.

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16

Inoke, Koji, Kenji Kaneko, and Z. Horita. "Three-Dimensional Imaging of Shear Band Produced by ECAP Process in Al-Ag Alloy." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.603.

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A significant change in microstructure occurs during the application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) such as by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). In this study, intense plastic strain was imposed on an Al-10.8wt%Ag alloy by the ECAP process. The amount of strain was controlled by the numbers of passes. After 1 pass of ECAP, shear bands became visible within the matrix. With increasing numbers of ECAP passes, the fraction of shear bands was increased. In this study, the change in microstructures was examined by three-dimensional electron tomography (3D-ET) in transmission electron micr

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17

Alawneh, Mai, and Haithem Soliman. "Using Imaging Techniques to Analyze the Microstructure of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures: Literature Review." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (2023): 7813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137813.

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The performance of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures depends highly on their internal structure and the interaction of the mixture components under different loading conditions. Imaging techniques provide effective tools that can assess the microstructure and failure mechanisms of materials. Imaging techniques have been used in recent research studies to examine and analyze the evolution of the internal structure of AC mixtures resulting from traffic and environmental loading. Increasing knowledge of the microstructural properties and mechanical behaviour of AC mixtures could improve the design p

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18

Fei, Jingtong, Shanshan Nie, Bo Zhang, et al. "Study on the Cytotoxic Microstructure of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by X-Ray Phase-Contrast CT Imaging." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2413922.

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To address the problem of microstructural analysis of titania nanoparticles with high cytotoxicity, the authors propose X-ray phase-comparative CT imaging studies. In this method, the HE-stained section samples were compared with the X-ray phase-contrast CT imaging microscopic images, and 3D texture analysis was used to observe the changes in the preparation of hepatocyte microstructures in the two groups. The results show that X-ray phase-contrast CT imaging microscopic images and their larger image size are closely related to HE staining images, and X-ray phase-contrast CT microscopic images

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Ouyang, Minhui, Tina Jeon, Aristeidis Sotiras, et al. "Differential cortical microstructural maturation in the preterm human brain with diffusion kurtosis and tensor imaging." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 10 (2019): 4681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812156116.

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During the third trimester, the human brain undergoes rapid cellular and molecular processes that reshape the structural architecture of the cerebral cortex. Knowledge of cortical differentiation obtained predominantly from histological studies is limited in localized and small cortical regions. How cortical microstructure is differentiated across cortical regions in this critical period is unknown. In this study, the cortical microstructural architecture across the entire cortex was delineated with non-Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging as well as conventional diffusion tensor imaging of 89

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Barrick, Thomas R., Catherine A. Spilling, Matt G. Hall, and Franklyn A. Howe. "The Mathematics of Quasi-Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Mathematics 9, no. 15 (2021): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9151763.

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Quasi-diffusion imaging (QDI) is a novel quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) technique that enables high quality tissue microstructural imaging in a clinically feasible acquisition time. QDI is derived from a special case of the continuous time random walk (CTRW) model of diffusion dynamics and assumes water diffusion is locally Gaussian within tissue microstructure. By assuming a Gaussian scaling relationship between temporal (α) and spatial (β) fractional exponents, the dMRI signal attenuation is expressed according to a diffusion coefficient, D (in mm2 s−1), and a fract

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21

McKenna, Faye, James Babb, Laura Miles, Donald Goff, and Mariana Lazar. "Reduced Microstructural Lateralization in Males with Chronic Schizophrenia: A Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging Study." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 4 (2019): 2281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz239.

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Abstract Decreased brain lateralization is considered a trait marker of schizophrenia. Whereas reductions in both functional and macrostructural gray matter laterality in schizophrenia are well established, the investigation of gray matter microstructural lateralization has so far been limited to a small number of ex vivo studies, which limits the understanding of neurobiological substrates involved and development of adequate treatments. The aim of the current study was to assess in vivo gray matter microstructure lateralization patterns in schizophrenia by employing the diffusion kurtosis im

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Kobayashi, Toshiro, and Hiroyuki Toda. "Strength and Fracture of Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.127.

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Synchrotron X-ray microtomography has been utilized for the 3D characterisation of microstructure of aluminium foams. A combination of phase contrast imaging technique and several application techniques, such as local area tomography, microstructural gauging and in-situ observation, has enabled the assessment of microstructural effects on compressive deformation behaviours. It has been clarified that ductile buckling of a cell wall occurs regardless of any of the above microstructural factors in the case of a pure aluminium foam, while rather brittle fracture of a cell wall is induced by the e

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Cao, Fei, Ruosi Wang, Peng Zhang, Tongmin Wang, and Kexing Song. "In Situ Investigation of Microstructural Evolution and Intermetallic Compounds Formation at Liquid Al/Solid Cu Interface by Synchrotron X-ray Radiography." Materials 15, no. 16 (2022): 5647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165647.

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Synchrotron radiation dynamic imaging technology combined with the static characterization method was used to study the microstructural evolution and the growth kinetics of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the liquid Al/solid Cu interface. The results show that the interfacial microstructure can be divided into layered solid diffusion microstructures (AlCu3, Al4Cu9, Al2Cu3 and AlCu) and solidification microstructures (Al3Cu4, AlCu and Al2Cu) from the Cu side to the Al side. Meanwhile, the growth of bubbles formed during the melting, holding and solidification of an Al/Cu sample was also discu

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Burke, M. G., and M. K. Miller. "A Comparison of Tem and Apfim to the Interpretation of Modulated Microstructures." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010011742x.

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Interpretation of fine-scale microstructures containing high volume fractions of second phase is complex. In particular, microstructures developed through decomposition within low temperature miscibility gaps may be extremely fine. This paper compares the morphological interpretations of such complex microstructures by the high-resolution techniques of TEM and atom probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM).The Fe-25 at% Be alloy selected for this study was aged within the low temperature miscibility gap to form a <100> aligned two-phase microstructure. This triaxially modulated microstructure i

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Stephens, Rebecca L., Benjamin W. Langworthy, Sarah J. Short, Jessica B. Girault, Martin A. Styner, and John H. Gilmore. "White Matter Development from Birth to 6 Years of Age: A Longitudinal Study." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 12 (2020): 6152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa170.

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Abstract Human white matter development in the first years of life is rapid, setting the foundation for later development. Microstructural properties of white matter are linked to many behavioral and psychiatric outcomes; however, little is known about when in development individual differences in white matter microstructure are established. The aim of the current study is to characterize longitudinal development of white matter microstructure from birth through 6 years to determine when in development individual differences are established. Two hundred and twenty-four children underwent diffu

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Reislev, Nina Linde, Tim Bjørn Dyrby, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Ron Kupers, and Maurice Ptito. "Simultaneous Assessment of White Matter Changes in Microstructure and Connectedness in the Blind Brain." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6029241.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human brain has provided converging evidence that visual deprivation induces regional changes in white matter (WM) microstructure. It remains unclear how these changes modify network connections between brain regions. Here we used diffusion-weighted MRI to relate differences in microstructure and structural connectedness of WM in individuals with congenital or late-onset blindness relative to normally sighted controls. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provided voxel-specific microstructural features of the tissue, while anatomical connectivity mapping (ACM

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27

Wiskel, J. Barry, Ry Karl, Maro Emakpor, et al. "Development and Application of a Thermal Microstructure Model of Laminar Cooling of an API X70 Microalloyed Steel." Materials Science Forum 1105 (November 29, 2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-y88gpk.

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A thermal microstructure model of laminar cooling of X70 microalloyed steel skelp was developed to predict the effect of the laminar cooling temperature profile on the through thickness skelp microstructure. Plant trials using infrared video imaging were undertaken to establish the laminar cooling conditions prevalent in the industrial cooling system. The infrared video temperature measurements were used to develop a finite element thermal model of the skelp transiting the entire laminar cooling system. Dilatometer testing of the X70 steel with cooling rates ranging from 1 °C/s to 120 °C/s was

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Momot, Konstantin I. "Microstructural magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage." Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging 1, no. 1 (2012): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bsi-2012-0003.

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Lee, A. S., R. Weissleder, T. J. Brady, and J. Wittenberg. "Lymph nodes: microstructural anatomy at MR imaging." Radiology 178, no. 2 (1991): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.178.2.1987619.

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Edwards, Luke J., Evgeniya Kirilina, Siawoosh Mohammadi, and Nikolaus Weiskopf. "Microstructural imaging of human neocortex in vivo." NeuroImage 182 (November 2018): 184–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.055.

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Black, David R. "Microstructural characterization using x-ray diffraction imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 504–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100148356.

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X-ray diffraction imaging, also known as x-ray topography, is a powerful tool to study the defect microstructure of single crystals. As the name implies, this technique is based on recording an image of the diffracted x-ray beam from a crystal. Contrast in the image results from point-to-point variation in the diffracted intensity through the crystal. An example of a diffraction image is shown in figure 1. That this image is in some way a topographic representation of the sample can be seen in the impression of differing elevations and textures in different parts of the image. However, since t

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Filippi, Massimo, Paolo Preziosa, and Maria A. Rocca. "Microstructural MR Imaging Techniques in Multiple Sclerosis." Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 27, no. 2 (2017): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2016.12.004.

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Huang, Shuning, and David E. Sosnovik. "Molecular and Microstructural Imaging of the Myocardium." Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports 3, no. 1 (2010): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12410-010-9007-y.

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Coad, Bethany M., Emma Craig, Rebecca Louch, John P. Aggleton, Seralynne D. Vann, and Claudia Metzler-Baddeley. "Precommissural and postcommissural fornix microstructure in healthy aging and cognition." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 4 (January 2020): 239821281989931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212819899316.

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The fornix is a key tract of the hippocampal formation, whose status is presumed to contribute to age-related cognitive decline. The precommissural and postcommissural fornix subdivisions form respective basal forebrain/frontal and diencephalic networks that may differentially affect aging and cognition. We employed multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including neurite orientation density and dispersion imaging, quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT), and T1-relaxometry MRI to investigate the microstructural properties of these fornix subdivisions and their relationship with a

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Roth, Don J., Mark R. DeGuire, Leonard E. Dolhert, and Aloysius F. Hepp. "Spatial variations in a.c. susceptibility and microstructure for the YBa2Cu3O7−x superconductor and their correlation with room-temperature ultrasonic measurements." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 10 (1991): 2041–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2041.

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The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the spatial (within-sample) uniformity of superconducting behavior and microstructure in YBa2Cu3O7−x specimens over the pore fraction range 0.10–0.25 and (2) determine the viability of using a room-temperature, nondestructive characterization method (ultrasonic velocity imaging) to predict spatial variability. Spatial variations in a.c. susceptibility were observed for specimens containing 0.10 pore fraction. An ultrasonic velocity image constructed from measurements at 1 mm increments across one such specimen revealed microstructural variation betw

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Robert Sinclair and Kai Tang. "Magnetic Imaging Of Recording Media." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013465.

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Magnetic recording forms the basis of one of the largest international industries. Electron microscopy has of course played a significant role in relating magnetic performance to the underlying microstructure. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the ways in which imaging of the magnetic structure can be correlated with processing conditions and microstructural parameters. The present research has been aimed to address this deficiency.A method was devised to prepare samples with large electron transparent areas (e.g., 250 microns square) from real computer hard discs. Fresnel

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Prior, David J., Patrick W. Trimby, Ursula D. Weber, and David J. Dingley. "Orientation contrast imaging of microstructures in rocks using forescatter detectors in the scanning electron microscope." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 403 (1996): 859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.403.01.

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AbstractWe have developed a system using ‘forescatter detectors’ for backscattered imaging of specimen surfaces inclined at 50–80° to the incident beam (inclined-scanning) in the SEM. These detectors comprise semiconductor chips placed below the tilted specimen. Forescatter detectors provide an orientation contrast (OC) image to complement quantitative crystallographic data from electron backscatter patterns (EBSP). Specimens were imaged using two detector geometries and these images were compared to those collected with the specimen surface normal to the incident beam (normal-scanning) using

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Sun, Qing, Wenliang Fan, Yuan Liu, et al. "Characterization of brain microstructural abnormalities in cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy using diffusion kurtosis imaging." Brain Imaging and Behavior 14, no. 2 (2019): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00141-4.

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Abstract Cirrhosis is a major public health concern. However, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying brain microstructure alterations in cirrhotic patients. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate brain microstructural alterations in cirrhosis with or without minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and their relationship with patients’ neurocognitive performance and disease duration using voxel-based analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). DKI data were acquired from 30 cirrhotic patients with MHE, 31 patients without MHE (NMHE) and 59 healthy contr

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Telang, A. A., T. T. Bieler, S. Choi, and K. K. Subramanian. "Orientation imaging studies of Sn-based electronic solder joints." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 9 (2002): 2294–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0337.

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Single shear lap specimens were subjected to creep, isothermal aging, and thermomechanical fatigue (TMF). Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of previously polished specimens revealed changes in surface morphology. Orientation imaging microscopy was carried out on the same specimens to study the microstructural evolution and crystal orientation changes. As-fabricated joints consistently show a preferred crystal orientation with a few minority orientations with highly preferred misorientations. Alloy additions caused an increase in the number of statistically significant crystal orientatio

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Krejsa, M. R., and J. L. Koenig. "NMR Imaging Studies of Vulcanized Butyl Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 64, no. 4 (1991): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538578.

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Abstract NMR imaging is a useful technique for studying the physical and spatial microstructure of cured elastomers. Different swelling agents can be used as chemical probes to detect varying amounts of microstructural differences. Imaging can be used to detect highly cured regions due to aging, poor mixing, and thermal gradients. NMRI is thus useful to study spatial distribution of crosslinks and is sensitive to changes in this distribution of crosslinks due to thermal gradients and the effects of aging and reversion processes. It can also be used to observed entrapped air in air-aged samples

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Jung, Jaimyun, Juwon Na, Hyung Keun Park, et al. "Super-resolving material microstructure image via deep learning for microstructure characterization and mechanical behavior analysis." npj Computational Materials 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41524-021-00568-8.

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AbstractThe digitized format of microstructures, or digital microstructures, plays a crucial role in modern-day materials research. Unfortunately, the acquisition of digital microstructures through experimental means can be unsuccessful in delivering sufficient resolution that is necessary to capture all relevant geometric features of the microstructures. The resolution-sensitive microstructural features overlooked due to insufficient resolution may limit one’s ability to conduct a thorough microstructure characterization and material behavior analysis such as mechanical analysis based on nume

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Tornifoglio, B., R. D. Johnston, A. J. Stone, C. Kerskens, and C. Lally. "Microstructural and mechanical insight into atherosclerotic plaques: an ex vivo DTI study to better assess plaque vulnerability." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, January 18, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-022-01671-5.

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AbstractNon-invasive microstructural characterisation has the potential to determine the stability, or lack thereof, of atherosclerotic plaques and ultimately aid in better assessing plaques’ risk to rupture. If linked with mechanical characterisation using a clinically relevant imaging technique, mechanically sensitive rupture risk indicators could be possible. This study aims to provide this link–between a clinically relevant imaging technique and mechanical characterisation within human atherosclerotic plaques. Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging, mechanical testing, and histological analysis

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Kench, Steve, Isaac Squires, Amir Dahari, and Samuel J. Cooper. "MicroLib: A library of 3D microstructures generated from 2D micrographs using SliceGAN." Scientific Data 9, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01744-1.

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Abstract3D microstructural datasets are commonly used to define the geometrical domains used in finite element modelling. This has proven a useful tool for understanding how complex material systems behave under applied stresses, temperatures and chemical conditions. However, 3D imaging of materials is challenging for a number of reasons, including limited field of view, low resolution and difficult sample preparation. Recently, a machine learning method, SliceGAN, was developed to statistically generate 3D microstructural datasets of arbitrary size using a single 2D input slice as training da

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Kimura, Ikko, Masamichi J. Hayashi, and Kaoru Amano. "Immediate effect of quadri-pulse stimulation on human brain microstructures and functions." Imaging Neuroscience, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00264.

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Abstract It remains unclear whether repetitive stimulation of a single brain area immediately alters brain microstructure. Thus, we investigated the immediate changes in human brain microstructures following repetitive extrinsic excitation of the left primary motor cortex (M1) through quadri-pulse stimulation (QPS). Sixteen right-handed healthy adults underwent excitatory (QPS5) and inhibitory (QPS50) QPS. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI were conducted before and after QPS to detect microstructural and functional changes, respectively. No significant

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Shahid, Syed Salman, Qiuting Wen, Shannon L. Risacher, et al. "Hippocampal-subfield microstructures and their relation to plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease." Brain, April 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac138.

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Abstract Hippocampal subfields exhibit differential vulnerabilities to Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated pathology including abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological processes extensively impact on the structural and functional interconnectivities of the subfields and may explain the association between hippocampal dysfunction and cognitive deficits. In the present study, we investigated the degree of alterations in the microstructure of hippocampal subfields across the clinical continuum of AD. We applied a gray matter (GM) specific mu

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Haines, Michael P., Vitor V. Rielli, Sophie Primig, and Nima Haghdadi. "Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: a review of the main microstructural constituents and characterization techniques." Journal of Materials Science, July 27, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07501-4.

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AbstractMetal additive manufacturing (AM) has unlocked unique opportunities for making complex Ni-based superalloy parts with reduced material waste, development costs, and production lead times. Considering the available AM methods, powder bed fusion (PBF) processes, using either laser or electron beams as high energy sources, have the potential to print complex geometries with a high level of microstructural control. PBF is highly suited for the development of next generation components for the defense, aerospace, and automotive industries. A better understanding of the as-built microstructu

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Gao, Zhongjia, James F. Nowak, Johnathan Corbin, Lauren Delgado, and Johnson Samuel. "Sensitivity of Micromilling Responses to Grain Variations in Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Aluminum Alloy 4043." Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing 8, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4049818.

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Abstract Given the recent trend toward hybrid processing involving the integration of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and machining capabilities, this paper aims to identify and correlate microstructural variations observed in wire arc additively manufactured aluminum alloy 4043 workpieces to their specific micromilling responses. This is done with the explicit goal of assessing the feasibility of using micromilling responses to detect microstructural variations in WAAM workpieces. As part of this effort, variations in the interlayer cooling time are used to induce changes in the micros

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Bonaventura, Justina, Kellys Morara, Rhea Carlson, et al. "Backscattering Mueller Matrix polarimetry on whole brain specimens shows promise for minimally invasive mapping of microstructural orientation features." Frontiers in Photonics 3 (November 9, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphot.2022.1034739.

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Understanding microscale physiology and microstructural cellular features of the brain is key to understanding mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and injury, as well as prominent changes undergone in development and aging. Non-invasive imaging modalities sensitive to the microscale, especially diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), are promising for mapping of cellular microstructure of brain tissues; however, there is a need for robust validation techniques to verify and improve the biological accuracy of information derived. Recent advances in dMRI have moved toward probing of th

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Henriques, Rafael Neto, Marta M. Correia, Maurizio Marrale, et al. "Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging in the Diffusion Imaging in Python Project." Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15 (July 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.675433.

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Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) measurements and models provide information about brain connectivity and are sensitive to the physical properties of tissue microstructure. Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) quantifies the degree of non-Gaussian diffusion in biological tissue from dMRI. These estimates are of interest because they were shown to be more sensitive to microstructural alterations in health and diseases than measures based on the total anisotropy of diffusion which are highly confounded by tissue dispersion and fiber crossings. In this work, we implemented DKI i

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Shang, Song’an, Daixin Li, Youyong Tian, et al. "Hybrid PET-MRI for early detection of dopaminergic dysfunction and microstructural degradation involved in Parkinson’s disease." Communications Biology 4, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02705-x.

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AbstractDopamine depletion and microstructural degradation underlie the neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson’s disease (PD). To explore early alterations and underlying associations of dopamine and microstructure in PD patients utilizing the hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-five PD patients in early stages and twenty-four matched healthy controls underwent hybrid 18F-fluorodopa (DOPA) PET-diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning. The striatal standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), DTI maps (fractional anisotropy, FA; mean diffusivity, MD) i

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