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Academic literature on the topic 'Microstructure aléatoire'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microstructure aléatoire"
Kanit, Toufik. "Notion de volume élémentaire représentatif : approche numérique et statistique pour les microstructure [sic] aléatoires." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1132.
Full textLaalaiI, Iyadh. "Effets d'échelle dans les matériaux quasi-fragiles à microstructure aléatoire : approches locale et non locale." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9308.
Full textZerhouni, Othmane. "Etude des propriétés élastiques effectives de matériaux poreux à microstructure aléatoire : Impression 3D, caractérisation, expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAX008.
Full textThis thesis deals with the 3D-printing, numerical simulation and experimental testing of porous materials with random isotropic microstructures. In particular, we attempt to assess by means of well-chosen examples the effect of partial statistical descriptors (i.e., porous volume fraction or porosity, two-point correlation functions and chord-length distribution) upon the linear effective elastic response of random porous materials and propose (nearly) optimal microstructures by direct comparison with available theoretical mathematical bounds. To achieve this, in the first part of this work, we design ab initio porous materials comprising single-size (i.e. monodisperse) and multiple-size (polydisperse) spherical and ellipsoidal non-overlapping voids. The microstructures are generated using a random sequential adsorption (RSA) algorithm that allows to reach very high porosities (e.g. greater than 80%). The created microstructures are then numerically simulated using finite element (FE) and Fast Fourier Tranform (FFT) methods to obtain representative isotropic volume elements in terms of both periodic and kinematic boundary conditions. This then allows for the 3D-printing of the porous microstructures in appropriately designed dog-bone specimens. An experimental setup for uniaxial tension loading conditions is then developed and the 3D-printed porous specimens are tested to retrieve their purely linear elastic properties. This process allows, for the first time experimentally, to show that such polydisperse (multiscale) microstructures can lead to nearly optimal effective elastic properties when compared with the theoretical Hashin-Shtrikman upper bounds for a very large range of porosities spanning values between 0-82%. To understand further the underlying mechanisms that lead to such a nearly optimal response, we assess the influence of several statistical descriptors (such as the one- and two-point correlation functions, the chord-length distribution function) of the microstructure upon the effective elastic properties of the porous material. We first investigate the ability of the two-point correlation function to predict accurately the effective response of random porous materials by choosing two different types of microstructures, which have exactly the same first (i.e., porosity) and second-order statistics. The first type consists of non-overlapping spherical and ellipsoidal pores generated by the RSA process. The second type, which uses the thresholded Gaussian Random Field (GRF) method, is directly reconstructed by matching the one- and two-point correlation functions from the corresponding RSA microstructure. The FFT-simulated effective elastic properties of these two microstructures reveal very significant differences that are in the order of 100% in the computed bulk and shear moduli. This analysis by example directly implies that the two-point statistics can be highly insufficient to predict the effective elastic properties of random porous materials. We seek to rationalize further this observation by introducing controlled connectivity in the original non-overlapping RSA microstructures. The computed effective elastic properties of these microstructures show that the pore connectivity does not change neither the two-point correlation functions nor the chord-length distribution but leads to a significant decrease in the effective elastic properties. In order to quantify better the differences between those three microstructures, we analyze the link between the local geometry of the porous phase and the corresponding computed elastic fields by computing the first (average) and second moments of the elastic strain fluctuations. This last analysis suggests that partial statistical information of the microstructure (without any input from the corresponding elasticity problem) might be highly insufficient even for the qualitative analysis of a porous material and by extension of any random composite material
Sab, Karam. "Sur quelques méthodes en mécanique aléatoire." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519684.
Full textGrondin, Frédéric Alain. "Modélisation multi-échelles du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des matériaux hétérogènes : applications aux matériaux cimentaires sous sollicitations sévères." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00081145.
Full textSab, Karam. "Contributions à l'homogénéisation des matériaux aléatoires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554207.
Full textSalmi, Moncef. "Homogénéisation des composites linéaires : Etude des comportements apparents et effectif." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766795.
Full textDe, francqueville Foucault. "Etude micromécanique du lien entre endommagement local et comportement macroscopique de propergols solides." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAX004.
Full textThe goal of this present project is the development of numerical tools for simulating damage of solid propellants, which are used for anaerobic propulsion. It should allow identifying which properties disturb their behavior. To study the effect of energetic particles shapes, 3D microstructures are generated with a random dispersion of monosized spheres or polyhedra at high volume fraction (55%). In case of spheres, the elastic properties of the representative volume elements (RVE) are confronted with an analytical model and experimental characterizations of model composites, with a remarkable coherence of the three approaches. Then, the linear behavior of REV filled with polyhedra is compared to the one in case of spheres, highlighting only a limited effect of particles shapes. Damage of those materials being mostly due to matrix/filler debounding, a bilinear cohesive zone model with a viscous regularization and posting of interfaces damage state is implemented. The first order influence of the cohesive zone parameters either on the mechanical response or on the local damage is demonstrated. If convergence troubles prevent any quantitative confrontation with experimental data, their specific trends are well reproduced at either the particles or the global scales. A parameter study highlights also the impact of each cohesive zone parameter on the global behavior. Study of the damaged behavior, depending on particles shape, leads again to a second order impact. Finally, analyses of quasi-propellants, representative of common propellants, are proposed. Following the industrial characterization process, the interfaces properties are identified qualitatively based on the trends of the simulations. This analysis is completed by non-conventional characterization techniques to validate its coherence and to offer exhaustive information on the adhesives properties
Couka, Enguerrand. "Modélisation des propriétés optiques de peintures par microstructures aléatoires et calculs numériques FFT." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0034/document.
Full textThis work presents a numerical and theoretical study of the optical properties of paint layers, in the classical framework of homogenization of heterogeneous media. Objectives are : describing and modeling the heterogenous microstructures used in paint coatings, and predicting the optical response of such materials by numerical ways, depending of the pigments morphology. This work was carried out as part of the LIMA project (Light Interaction Materials Aspect), in partnership with the Agence Nationale de la Recherche and the PSA company. Images of differents paint layers are acquired by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different length scales are considered for the microstructures and pigments : microscopic and nanoscopic. Representatives images of these scales are chosen and segmented in order to estimate morphological measurements. Using these measurements, random models are developed depending on the scales. These models, of a multiscale nature, are optimized and validated. The prediction of the optical behaviour of random models describing heterogenous materials is carried out using numerical process based on fast Fourier transforms (FFT). Optics of composite materials theory is introduced, as well as the limits of FFT methods. The quasi-static approximation is a constraint which implies the use of the FFT method on the nanoscopic model only. Dielectric functions of the components of the paint have been measured on macroscopic samples at the Museum of Mineralogy of Mines de Paris by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The optical response of the optimized nanoscopic model is computed and compared to ellipsometry measurements carried out on a reference paint layer. The computed and measured responses are also compared with analytical estimates. In addition, a statistical characterization is made on the random model and the local dielectrical displacement fields, by using the representative volume element (RVE)
Moussaoui, Hamza. "Microstructural optimization of Solid Oxide Cells : a coupled stochastic geometrical and electrochemical modeling approach applied to LSCF-CGO electrode." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI028/document.
Full textThis work aims at better understanding the impact of Solid Oxide Cells (SOC) microstructure on their performance, with an illustration on an LSCF-CGO electrode. A coupled 3D stochastic geometrical and electrochemical modeling approach has been adopted. In this frame, a plurigaussian random field model and an in-house sphere packing algorithm have been adapted to simulate the microstructure of SOCs. The geometrical models have been validated on different electrodes reconstructed by synchrotron X-ray nano-holotomography or focused ion-beam tomography. Afterwards, semi-analytical microstructural correlations have been proposed and validated on a large dataset of representative synthetic microstructures. These relationships allow establishing the link between the electrode ‘basic’ parameters (composition, porosity and grain size), to the ‘key’ electrochemical parameters (Triple Phase Boundary length density and Specific surface areas), and are particularly useful for cell manufacturers who can easily control the first set of parameters. Concerning the electrochemical part, a reference symmetrical cell made of LSCF-CGO has been tested in a three-electrode setup. This enabled the validation of an oxygen electrode model that links the electrode morphological parameters to its polarization resistance, taking into account the thermodynamic data. Finally, the coupling of the validated models has enabled the investigation of the impact of electrode composition, porosity and grain size on the cell electrochemical performance, and thus providing useful insights to cell manufacturers
Book chapters on the topic "Microstructure aléatoire"
WILLOT, François. "Caractérisation et modélisation probabiliste de milieux hétérogènes." In Ingénierie mécanique en contexte incertain, 51–90. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9010.ch2.
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