Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microstructure; Hardness

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Microstructure; Hardness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Microstructure; Hardness"

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Suherman, Suherman, Susri Mizhar, Andi Putra, Sutiman Sutiman, and Zainal Arifin. "Analisa Komparasi Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Piston Sepeda Motor dari Empat Pabrikan." Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi Otomotif 6, no. 2 (2024): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpvo.v6i2.72932.

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The piston is an essential component in the internal combustion system. Unfortunately, most piston products on the market are of low quality, which is detrimental to consumers. Most pistons sold in spare parts shops in Medan City have varying prices and different quality. The study compares four manufacturers' chemical composition, microstructure and hardness of the pistons of 4-stroke motorcycles. The four types of pistons were purchased at an automotive component sales shop in Medan city. The pistons were cut by machine and then analyzed for chemical composition, microstructure and hardness.
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Zheng, Hua, Kai Ming Wu, S. F. Sun, and G. W. Hu. "Niobium-Alloyed Steel Treated by Quenching-Partitioning-Tempering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 528 (February 2014): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.528.149.

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Given the strong recent interest in quenching-partitioning-tempering processed steels, the Niobium-alloyed medium carbon steel was investigated here. The microstructural observations and hardness were analyzed by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and hardness test. Results show that when quenched at 210°C and partitioned at 450°C, the quenching partitioning-tempering process leads to ultra fine-grained microstructures of martensite, retained austenite and carbides. And the microstructure and hardness changed differently with the increase of partitioned tim
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CHEN, YINGCHUN, and KAZUHIRO NAKATA. "FRICTION STIR PROCESSING OF SKD61 TOOL STEEL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 06n07 (2009): 1116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209060555.

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In this study, SKD61 tool steel was friction stir processed (FSP) using a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tool. Microstructure evolution and mechanical property in FSP zone were investigated. Microstructural observation results showed that the microstructures in FSP zone surface were fine grains in the range of 1 - 4 μm due to large plastic deformation during FSP. Micro-hardness test results showed that the average hardness value in FSP zone was 773 HV, 3.7 times the hardness in base metal (210 HV). The wear test results showed that FSP surface showed a significantly lower wear rate
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Mrwata, Khutso, Charles Siyasiya та Nana Arthur. "Microstructural characterization of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V with the addition of β-stabilizer, niobium". MATEC Web of Conferences 388 (2023): 08006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338808006.

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This study investigated the influence of beta stabilizer niobium on the microstructure and hardness of Ti-6Al-4V. The relationship between increased the concentration of alloying elements into Ti-6Al-4V is generally associated with an increase in hardness due to solid solution strengthening. The research involved the fabrication of a series of laser engineering net shaping (LENS™) Ti-6Al-4V alloys with varying concentrations of niobium (13%, 20%, and 28%) to determine whether increasing the Nb content has an influence on the concentration of Nb dissolved into Ti-6Al-4V. The microstructures of
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Emmanuel. O. Onche, A.P. Ihom, Emmanuel Udama Odeh, and Aondona T. Philip. "Microstructural analysis of some reinforcement steel rods used for concrete reinforcement and their effect on the mechanical properties, and carbon equivalent values of the reinforcement steel rods." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 15, no. 2 (2023): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2023.15.2.0080.

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The microstructural analysis of some reinforcement steel rods used for concrete reinforcement and their effect on the mechanical properties, and carbon equivalent values of the reinforcement steel rods have been studied. The work subjected the samples to test specimen preparation as required by standard specification for each test. Samples from five different mini mills were investigated for hardness, impact strength, composition, and microstructure. The result obtain from the work, has clearly shown that the microstructure of all the samples investigated reflected the hardness, impact strengt
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Emmanuel., O. Onche, Ihom A.P., Udama Odeh Emmanuel, and T. Philip Aondona. "Microstructural analysis of some reinforcement steel rods used for concrete reinforcement and their effect on the mechanical properties, and carbon equivalent values of the reinforcement steel rods." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 15, no. 2 (2023): 116–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8046817.

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The microstructural analysis of some reinforcement steel rods used for concrete reinforcement and their effect on the mechanical properties, and carbon equivalent values of the reinforcement steel rods have been studied. The work subjected the samples to test specimen preparation as required by standard specification for each test. Samples from five different mini mills were investigated for hardness, impact strength, composition, and microstructure. The result obtain from the work, has clearly shown that the microstructure of all the samples investigated reflected the hardness, impact strengt
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Kožuh, Stjepan, Mirko Gojić, Ivana Ivanić, Aleš Nagode, and Kristijan Jerković. "Welding of pipes from low-carbon steel by TIG procedure." Zavarivanje i zavarene konstrukcije 68, no. 4 (2023): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zzk2303133k.

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In this work the results of welding the pipes from low-carbon steel St 35.8 (Č.1214, DIN17175, W.Nr. 1.0305, EN-P235GH) by TIG procedure were shown. After welding, the microstructure analysis by means of optical microscope was performed. Microstructural analysis out on the base material, heat affected zone and melting zone was carried. It was found that the base material has ferrite-pearlite microstructure with hardness 148 HV10, while in the heat affected zone is present ferrite-pearlite microstructure with Widmanstatten ferrite in some places with hardness 176 HV10. A cast microstructure con
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Zhang, Xiaodan, Niels Leergaard Pedersen, Peder Klit, and Dorte Juul Jensen. "Heterogeneous microstructure and failure analysis of yaw gear rings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1249, no. 1 (2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1249/1/012055.

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Abstract The microstructure and hardness of two cracked and failed steel (42CrMo4) teeth from two different yaw rings have been investigated. It is shown that the surface quenching and tempering treatments introduce heterogeneous microstructures with a low-temperature tempered hard martensite surface layer and a high-temperature tempered matrix. This is common to both teeth, however, the gradient microstructure and hardness are different for these two yaw rings. It is suggested that this difference in gradient strongly affects cracking and failure. The failure mechanisms for the two teeth are
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Wang, Gui Cheng, Bin Jiao, Jun Feng Zou, and Hong Jie Pei. "Impact of Original Micro-Structure on Grind-Hardened Layer of 42CrMo Steel in Grind-Hardening." Materials Science Forum 878 (November 2016): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.878.22.

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The grind-hardening test of 42CrMo steel was carried out on a forming grinding machine. The macrostructure, microstructures, micro-hardness and the depth of the hardened layer were measured and analyzed by optical micro-scope, scanning electron microscope and digital micro-hardness tester. The influences of original microstructure on the grind-hardened layer of 42CrMo steel were studied. The results show that the acicular martensite and a small amount of undissolved carbide appear in the surface layer, and slightly coarse martensite and a small amount of undissolved carbide appear in the middl
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Muangjunburee, Prapas, Nutchanon Poolsiri, Sasirat Chaideesungnoen, Ammarat Naultem, Hein Zaw Oo, and Manwika Kongpuang. "XRD Observation on the Weld Metal of Resurfaced Rail Steel." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 50, no. 4 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.036.

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The current research studied two samples of rail steel grade 900A deposited with different electrodes, namely, electrodes A and B, using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. This research fi nds out the suitable hardness values of the various electrodes. The phase identifi cation and microstructural analysis of weld metal were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and an optical microscope, respectively. The micro-hardness profi les along the cross-section of the weldment were acquired using a micro-Vickers hardness tester, and a Brinell hardness tester measured the hardness values
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microstructure; Hardness"

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Ohlsson, Richard. "Variations in hardness and microstructure in cartridge cases at annealing." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68670.

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The thesis work is performed at Norma Precision AB, a company that manufactures ammunition for hunting and competitive shooting. Two types of cases called 300 Winchester Magnum and 308 Winchester are examined on how their hardness were prior to and after the two annealing’s of the neck they experience during the manufacturing. The cases vary in hardness and an investigation will be made to draw connections to the microstructure of the cases in order to understand the variations and possibly avoid the variations in the future. The cases were selected at different days, the 300 Winchester Magnum
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Davock, Helen Jane. "Analysis of multilayer coatings by electron microscopy." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366423.

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Lin, Ching-Te 1967. "Microstructure, texture, and hardness gradients in aluminum diffusion-bonded to aluminum oxide." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50351.

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Hapazari, Innocent. "Effects of thermomechanical processing on microstructure and hardness profiles in AA6061 plates." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10615.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Effects of rolling variables - strain (?), strain rate (?) and temperature (T) - on grain structure and hardness evolution in AA6061 plates were investigated by simulating the rolling process using plane strain compression (PSG). Particular emphasis was exerted on understanding the impact of the variables on the overall mean grain size and hardness, as well as how they influence the grain size and hardness profiles through the thickness of the rolled plates. Prior to PSG investigations, the grain size and hardness profiles of the supplied material (trans
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Li, Yu. "Effect of aluminium and vanadium on the microstructure and properties of microalloyed steels." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366804.

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Darras, Basil M. "EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF FRICTION STIR PROCESSING." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/353.

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Friction stir processing (FSP) has recently become an effective microstructural modifications technique. Reported results showed that for different alloys, FSP produces very fine equiaxed and homogeneous grain structure. FSP is considered to be a new processing technique and more experimental and analytical investigations are needed to advance the industrial utilization of FSP. Most of the work that has been done in the friction stir processing field is experimental and limited modeling activities have been conducted. Attempts to develop a predictive model to correlate the resulting microstruc
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Mageto, Maxwell Joel. "Tem study of microstructure in relation to hardness and ductility in Al-Mg-Si (6xxx) alloys." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-658.

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<p>Two different solution heat treatments (2hours at 570ºC and 10minutes at 520ºC) have been used to study precipitation in two 6xxx (Al-Mg-si) dispersoid-freealloys with composition: 0.721 at % Si, 0.577 at % Mg (alloy A3) and 0.57 at %Si 0.72 at % Mg (alloy A12). The relation between their microstructure and macroscopical properties such as hardness and ductility has been investigated. Tensile tests, hardness measurements, electrical conductivity sigma tests, grain size measurements in optical microscope and microstructure characterization in Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) have all b
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Kannan, Manigandan. "The Microstructure, Hardness, Impact Toughness, Tensile Deformation and Final Fracture Behavior of Four Specialty High Strength Steels." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1311884520.

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Vaughan, R. A. "The effects of hardness, toughness, microstructure and thermomechanical heating on the erosion of ceramic and ultrahard materials." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18218.

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Nine different ceramic and ultrahard materials have been eroded by four different erodents under standardised experimental conditions. The target materials range from the soft stabilised zirconias to the very hard polycrystalline diamond composites. The four erodent particles used were: soft, friable silica, sharp alumina, tough silicon carbide and very hard, synthetic industrial diamonds. The steady state erosion rates of the different target/erodent combinations were measured. The erosion for each combination was studied by examining the target surfaces at progressive stages of erosion and t
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Barlow, Lilian D. "The effect of austenitising and tempering parameters on the microstructure and hardness of martensitic stainless steel AISI 420." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11262009-182934/.

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Books on the topic "Microstructure; Hardness"

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Siewert, T. A. Microstructure, composition, and hardness of Rockwell C hardness blocks. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991.

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Siewert, T. A. Microstructure, composition, and hardness of Rockwell C hardness blocks. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991.

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Groesbeck, Edward Center 1881. Influence of Phosphorus upon the Microstructure and Hardness of Low-Carbon, Open-hearth Steels. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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Hossain, Abul, and A. S. W. Kurny. Evaluation of Microstructure, Conductivity and Hardness of Al-6Si-0. 5Mg-Xcu Casting Alloys at Different Ageing Conditions. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2014.

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Pye, David. Practical Nitriding and Ferritic Nitrocarburizing. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.pnfn.9781627083508.

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Practical Nitriding and Ferritic Nitrocarburizing addresses many questions that arise when using nitriding and nitrocarburizing processes to case harden engineered components. It describes the basic chemistry of each process and its effect on the metallurgy and microstructure of different grades of iron and steel. It explains how the processes and their variants are implemented and how to set up, monitor, and control process equipment to meet specific design objectives. It discusses the factors that must be considered when selecting materials and determining parameters related to surface hardn
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Brooks, Charlie R. Principles of the Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.phtpclas.9781627083539.

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Principles of the Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels provides readers with a working knowledge of heat treat processes and how they can be tailored to optimize the microstructure and properties of steel. The book includes chapters on quenching, tempering, austenitization, and annealing as well as hardenability, modeling, and common treatments for structural steels. The first few chapters lay essential groundwork for understanding how time, temperature, and prior processing history influence the formation of Fe-C phases and the composition and morphology of the microconstituent
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Parrish, Geoffrey. Carburizing. ASM International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cmp.9781627083379.

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Carburizing: Microstructures and Properties explains how to recognize and address problems associated with case carburizing treatments for steels. It examines the nature of internal oxidation, decarburization, free carbides, and retained austenite and their effect on fatigue and fracture strength, wear resistance, impact toughness, hardness, and other properties. It discusses the influence of grain size, microcracking, microsegregation, and nonmetallic inclusions and explains how composition and cooling rate determine the core properties of carburized steel parts and how alloy and carbon conte
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Baba, Nor Bahiyah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Mohd Najib Muhamed, Faizul Che Pa, Rabiatul Manisah Mohamed, and Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir. ENGINEERING MATERIALS FOR TECHNOLOGISTS. 2024th ed. PENERBIT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/bk2023.016.

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The book then delves into the specifics of ferrous metals, discussing their properties, classification, and various types of steel alloys. It explores the different heat treatment processes that can be employed to modify the properties of steel, such as annealing, quenching, and tempering. The emphasis is on understanding the microstructural changes that occur during heat treatment and their influence on mechanical properties like hardness, strength, and toughness. The subsequent chapters focus on non-ferrous metals, polymers, glass, and ceramic materials. Each of these material categories is
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Book chapters on the topic "Microstructure; Hardness"

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Zhang, Jian Bin, Ding Fan, Yao Ning Sun, and Yu Feng Zheng. "Microstructure and Hardness of the Laser Surface Treated Titanium." In Key Engineering Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.1745.

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Resali, Nor Azrina, Koay Mei Hyie, M. N. Berhan, and C. M. Mardziah. "Investigation of Heat Treated Electrodeposited CoNiFe on Microstructure and Hardness." In ICGSCE 2014. Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-505-1_27.

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Hartwig, K. T., S. N. Mathaudhu, H. J. Maier, and I. Karaman. "Hardness and Microstructure Changes in Severely Deformed and Recrystallized Tantalum." In Ultrafine Grained Materials II. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118804537.ch18.

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Frih, Intissar. "Microstructure, Hardness and Residual Stress Distributions in Butt-Welded Joint." In Applied Condition Monitoring. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94616-0_32.

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Liu, Y., Y. Zhuge, and W. Duan. "Reusing Alum Sludge as Cement Replacement to Develop Eco-Friendly Concrete Products." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_10.

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AbstractAlum sludge is a typical by-product of the water industry. The traditional sludge management method, disposing of sludge in landfill sites, poses a critical environmental and economic concern due to a significant increase in sludge amount and disposal cost. In this paper, the feasibility of reusing sludge as cement replacement is investigated, and the physical performance and microstructure modification of concrete products made with sludge is discussed. The obtained results indicated that a satisfying pozzolanic reactivity of sludge after calcination at high temperatures and grinding to the appropriate size was identified. When 10% cement was replaced with sludge, the reaction degree of sludge was up to 39%, and the obtained concrete blocks exhibited superior mechanical performance. Based on the microstructural analysis, e.g., x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and advanced nanoindentation method, the high aluminum content in sludge was incorporated into C–(A)–S–H gel; the original “Al-minor” C–(A)–S–H gel in pure cement paste was converted to ‘Al-rich’ C–(A)–S–H gel. Also, sludge promoted the formation of aluminum-bearing hydrates, such as ettringite and calcium aluminate hydrates (C–A–H). Although the Al incorporation had no significant effect on the hardness and modulus of C–(A)–S–H gel, the homogeneous mechanical properties (hardness and modulus measured with nanoindentation) of binder paste degraded with increasing sludge ash content above 10%, attributing to the lower hardness of unreacted sludge than cement clinker and the relatively lower reaction degree. Using sludge in concrete products offers an economical and environmentally friendly way to dispose of sludge and preserve diminishing natural resources. Also, the reduction of cement usage may contribute to achieving carbon neutrality.
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da Costa Garcia Filho, Fabio, Dian Souza de Oliveira, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Influence of Two Solubilization Conditions at 718 Superalloy Hardness and Microstructure." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_61.

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Hatti, Prashant S., K. Narasimha Murthy, and Anupama B. Somanakatti. "Microstructure and Hardness Behaviour Study of Carbon Nanotube in Aluminium Nanocomposites." In Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1616-0_41.

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Harada, Yoshihisa, and David C. Dunand. "Microstructure and Hardness of Scandium Trialuminide with Ternary Rare-Earth Additions." In THERMEC 2006. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.1565.

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Xuan, Nguyen Anh, Le Thi Nhung, Sai Manh Thang, and Pham Mai Khanh. "Study on the Microstructure and Hardness of Ti and TiAl6V4 Welds." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99666-6_80.

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Veprek-Heijman, Maritza G. J., and Stan Veprek. "Measurements of Hardness and Other Mechanical Properties of Hard and Superhard Materials and Coatings." In Microstructure-Property Correlations for Hard, Superhard, and Ultrahard Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29291-5_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microstructure; Hardness"

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Shields, Mitchell H., John G. Speer, Kip O. Findley, and Fares Haddad. "Effects of Thermal Processing History on Microstructure and Local Hardness in a Bainitic TRIP Steel." In IFHTSE 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ifhtse2024p0193.

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Abstract Carbide free bainitic microstructures can be developed via different thermal processing routes, and the details affect the scale and morphology of the microstructural constituents. In this study, bainitic microstructures are formed by either a controlled cooling process or an austempering process to evaluate the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties in a 0.2C - 2Mn - 1.5Si - 0.8Cr steel containing small amounts of Nb, Ti, B, and N, and the results are compared to a 4140 steel processed via quenching and tempering. The resulting microstructures are characterized
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Moroz, Peter J. "Factors Affecting the Wear of Grinding Media During Wet Ore Grinding When the Corrosive Component of Wear Is Small." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85366.

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Abstract A marked ball wear test (MBWT) was conducted in wet copper ore on a series of quenched, quenched and tempered, and normalized 0.90 C low alloy grinding balls. In the same test, three sets of high chromium white cast iron (WCI) alloys with similar volume fractions carbide, similar hardnesses but different Cr in solution levels (and thus different corrosion characteristics) were also tested. The wear characteristics of these WCI alloys were virtually identical, thus demonstrating that the corrosive contribution to the total wear process was small. When the corrosive component is small r
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Kudo, Chihana, Xinyu Yan, and Kyosuke Yoshimi. "Microstructural Analysis of MoSiBTiC Alloys Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy Image Segmentation." In AM-EPRI 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0507.

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Abstract The microstructure of MoSiBTiC alloys is very complex, with three to four constituent phases and characteristic structures such as fine precipitates and lamellar structures. To perform the microstructural analysis efficiently, image segmentation was first performed for each phase of the microstructural images. Utilizing the Trainable Weka Segmentation method based on machine learning, the required segmentation time was dramatically reduced. Furthermore, by pre-adjusting the contrast of the images, the segmentation could be performed accurately for gray phases with different shades of
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Steinbacher, Matthias, Rainer Fechte-Heinen, and Gerrit Hellenbrandt. "Tempering Behavior of Low Alloy Case Hardening Steels with Bainitic and Martensitic Microstructures." In IFHTSE 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ifhtse2024p0301.

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Abstract Increasing power density and rotational speed pose significant challenges for transmission design, especially in the aerospace and electro mobility sectors. Due to increased energy input and reduced heat dissipation, higher operating temperatures occur in high performance gears. At higher temperatures, the hardness and microstructure of conventional bearing and gear materials are affected by annealing effects, which can reduce the load capacity of these components. Therefore, increased operating temperatures can only be considered if the components are made of special heat-resistant,
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Dollhofer, Benjamin, Christian Krämer, Niki Nouri1, Stefan Dietrich, and Volker Schulze1. "Characterization of Martensitic-Bainitic Mixed Microstructures Created by Inductive Short Time Austempering of AISI 4140." In IFHTSE 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ifhtse2024p0041.

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Abstract Induction surface hardening is a process often used in industrial applications to efficiently increase the lifetime of components. Recently, this process has been enhanced with the inductive short time austempering process, creating a martensitic-bainitic microstructure. It is well-known that in homogeneous mixed microstructures, an optimally adjusted volume fraction of bainite can significantly increase the lifetime of the components even further. Regarding inductive short time austempering, there is a lack of knowledge in characterizing and differentiating graded microstructures, wh
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Krauss, George. "The Jominy End Quench and Effect of Austenitizing on the Hardenability and Performance of Quenched Steels." In HT 2013, edited by B. Lynn Ferguson. ASM International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2013p0134.

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Abstract The Jominy End-Quench Test is a powerful method to establish the hardenability of a given steel, as measured by the hardness of the microstructures produced as a function of cooling rate from the quenched specimen end. Hardness, however, does not assess fracture mechanisms and the critical difference between ductile and brittle fracture. For example, in high carbon steels increased austenitizing may increase hardenability but decrease resistance to brittle intergranular fracture of quenched steels. This presentation reviews the effect of austenitizing on the hardenability of carbon st
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Shi, Weixi, Zheng Qiu, Guangzhe Lv, Jun Mao, and Hailin Teng. "Effect of Pr on the microstructure and hardness of hypereutectic Al-25%Si alloy." In Seventh International Conference on Advanced Electronic Materials, Computers, and Software Engineering (AEMCSE 2024), edited by Lvqing Yang. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3038066.

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Lee, C.-M., S. Bond, and P. Woollin. "Preferential Weld Corrosion: Effects of Weldment Microstructure and Composition." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05277.

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Abstract Preferential weldment corrosion (PWC) of carbon and low alloy steels used for pipelines and process piping systems in CO2-containing media has been observed increasingly in recent years. In particular, this has been on weldments made by the manual metal arc (MMA) process using electrodes containing Ni or Ni plus Cu. This paper presents the results of a joint industry research programme which was conducted collaboratively by three research organisations to investigate this corrosion mechanism and to seek practical solutions. The effect of composition and microstructure on PWC in CO2-co
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Canale, Lauralice de C. F., José E. Nucci, Jan Vatavuk, and George E. Totten. "Austempering versus Quenching and Tempering: Impact Behavior of SAE 4140 and SAE O1 Steels." In HT 2013, edited by B. Lynn Ferguson. ASM International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2013p0026.

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Abstract Austempering, which produces a bainitic microstructure, is widely recognized as the preferred heat treatment when toughness is the primary requirement for a component. The literature contains numerous studies comparing the mechanical properties of tempered martensite with bainite of equivalent hardness. The majority of these findings demonstrate superior properties in bainitic microstructures. Bainite exists in two forms: upper bainite, which forms during isothermal transformation at higher temperatures (typically around 500 °C), and lower bainite, which develops at lower temperatures
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Denjarukul, Pornnapha, Sawitchaya Sinpromma, Adiruj Peerawat, Thanut Jintakosol, Chayankittipat Yongperakul, and Kageeporn Wongpreedee. "The Microstructure and Diffusion Transformation of Precipitation-Hardened Sterling Silver for Jewelry Application." In The 12th International Conference on Fracture Fatigue and Wear. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-10hqwx.

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Sterling silver commonly uses copper as its primary alloying element, which enhances hardness. However, the presence of copper can cause a fire stain—a red spot microstructure—leading to tarnishing issues. This research focuses on reducing the copper content and developing suitable processes to enhance hardness through the use of three different alloy compositions within the AgCu and AgCuZnNi systems: Alloy SA (92.5 wt% Ag - 7.5 wt% Cu), Alloy A (93.5 wt% Ag - 5.01 wt% Cu - 0.79 wt% Zn - 0.70 wt% Ni), and Alloy B (94.5 wt% Ag - 4.24 wt% Cu - 0.63 wt% Zn - 0.63 wt% Ni). Precipitation hardening
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Reports on the topic "Microstructure; Hardness"

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Siewert, T. A., and A. Tomer. Microstructure, composition, and hardness of Rockwell C Hardness blocks. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.3960.

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et al., Gianetto. L52352 Microstructure and Hardness Characterization of Girth Welds. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. https://doi.org/10.55274/r0010613.

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Strain-based design for pipeline projects requires overmatching the strength of the weld metal (WM) relative to the parent pipe to avoid strain localization in the weldment during service. Achieving the required strength overmatch, ductility and low temperature toughness in WM becomes a challenge as the strength of the pipe increases. The introduction of higher productivity advanced pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) processes adds further complications from the associated cooling conditions of the weldment. An improved understanding of WM systems (compositions, microstructures, essential v
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Dinovitzer, Aaron, Morvarid Ghovanlou, and Nick Pussegoda (Archived). PR-214-123734-R01 In The Ditch Non-Destructive Mechanical Property Measurement. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011019.

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This report describes a new approach using existing non-destructive examination (NDE) techniques to determine pipe properties when existing data and information are absent or incomplete. The research work developed a neural network-based tool making use of linepipe hardness, chemistry and microstructure information to determine pipe characteristics, including strength and toughness. This research was completed to develop a tool to fill gaps in pipeline operators' knowledge and records and provide the basis to meet the requirements of "traceable, verifiable, and complete" (TVC) records requirem
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Krishna, Shree, and Ravi Krishnamurthy. PR-328-173802-R01 Hard Spot NDE Evaluation. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011542.

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The presence of hard spot in pipelines, a localized confined region of relatively higher hardness, are prone to crack initiation and hydrogen embrittlement. Early detection of hard spots before it can be an integrity threat is an essential part of integrity management plan for pipelines susceptible to hard spot related failures. Electromagnetic principles and its dependence on the microstructure, heat treatment and chemistry are used effectively for hard spots characterization. The ability to detect shallow hard spots is essential for thermo-mechanically heat treated steel. It is unclear wheth
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L51599 The Significance of Local Hard Zones on Outside of Girth Welds. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010097.

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In petrochemical and oil and gas production plant the presence of sour H2S containing environments poses problems with regard to material behavior. The corrosion reaction between H2S and steel produces atomic hydrogen, which enters the steel and may, for example, lead to hydrogen pressure cracking (HPC) if steel quality is such that inclusion levels promote the entrapment of hydrogen gas. Fortunately this problem may be readily controlled by attention to steel cleanliness. A potentially more serious problem relating to sour environments is sulphide stress cracking (SSC), when the presence of h
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