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1

Murr, L. E. "Microstructure-property hypermaps for shock-loaded materials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100143675.

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Residual deformation-induced metallurgical effects or structure (microstructure)-property relationships are now generally well documented to be the result of stress or strain-induced microstructures, or microstructural changes in polycrystalline metals and alloys. In many cases, strain hardening, work hardening, or other controlling deformation mechanisms can be described by the generation, movement, and interactions of dislocations and other crystal defects which produce drag, or a range of impedances, including obstacles to dislocation motion.
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2

James, R. D. "Microstructure of Shape-Memory and Magnetostrictive Materials." Applied Mechanics Reviews 43, no. 5S (1990): S189—S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3120802.

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Recent advances in the analysis of microstructure is providing models and methods for treating the kinds of optimization problems that arise in the study of microstructure. The main advance has been the development of theory and methods for treating the case in which arbitrary microstructures compete for the minimum (or maximum). This contrasts for example with micromechanics in which the geometry of the microstructure is assumed, or assumed up to the choice of a few parameters, and then the optimization or stress analysis is carried out under severe geometric restrictions. Micromechanics is e
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3

Kumar, Swarup, Asif Uzzaman, Md Ibrahim Adam, and Sree Biddut Kumar. "A Comprehensive Review of Prospects and Challenges of Microstructure and Functional Properties of Materials." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 356–70. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2025.3(2).31.

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This thorough analysis examines the opportunities and difficulties related to improving the microstructure and functional characteristics of materials. Phases, grain boundaries, dislocations, and other flaws are examples of the microstructure, which is an essential component in defining the functional properties of a material, such as its electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to corrosion. The production of materials with improved performance for a range of applications has been made possible by improvements in materials processing methods, such as sev
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4

Swarup, Kumar, Uzzaman Asif, Ibrahim Adam Md, and Biddut Kumar Sree. "A Comprehensive Review of Prospects and Challenges of Microstructure and Functional Properties of Materials." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 356–70. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2025.3(2).31.

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This thorough analysis examines the opportunities and difficulties related to improving the microstructure and functional characteristics of materials. Phases, grain boundaries, dislocations, and other flaws are examples of the microstructure, which is an essential component in defining the functional properties of a material, such as its electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to corrosion. The production of materials with improved performance for a range of applications has been made possible by improvements in materials processing methods, such as sev
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5

Suzuki, Asuka, Yusuke Sasa, Makoto Kobashi, et al. "Persistent Homology Analysis of the Microstructure of Laser-Powder-Bed-Fused Al–12Si Alloy." Materials 16, no. 22 (2023): 7228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16227228.

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The laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process provides the cellular microstructure (primary α phase surrounded by a eutectic Si network) inside hypo-eutectic Al–Si alloys. The microstructure changes to the particle-dispersed microstructure with heat treatments at around 500 °C. The microstructural change leads to a significant reduction in the tensile strength. However, the microstructural descriptors representing the cellular and particle-dispersed microstructures have not been established, resulting in difficulty in terms of discussion regarding the structure–property relationship. In this stu
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6

Hamidpour, Pouria, Alireza Araee, Majid Baniassadi, and Hamid Garmestani. "Multiphase Reconstruction of Heterogamous Materials Using Machine Learning and Quality of Connection Function." Materials 17, no. 13 (2024): 3049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17133049.

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Establishing accurate structure–property linkages and precise phase volume accuracy in 3D microstructure reconstruction of materials remains challenging, particularly with limited samples. This paper presents an optimized method for reconstructing 3D microstructures of various materials, including isotropic and anisotropic types with two and three phases, using convolutional occupancy networks and point clouds from inner layers of the microstructure. The method emphasizes precise phase representation and compatibility with point cloud data. A stage within the Quality of Connection Function (QC
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7

Müller, Martin, Marie Stiefel, Björn-Ivo Bachmann, Dominik Britz, and Frank Mücklich. "Overview: Machine Learning for Segmentation and Classification of Complex Steel Microstructures." Metals 14, no. 5 (2024): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14050553.

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The foundation of materials science and engineering is the establishment of process–microstructure–property links, which in turn form the basis for materials and process development and optimization. At the heart of this is the characterization and quantification of the material’s microstructure. To date, microstructure quantification has traditionally involved a human deciding what to measure and included labor-intensive manual evaluation. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer exciting new approaches to microstructural quantification, especially c
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8

Tian, Yan, Mingchun Zhao, Wenjian Liu, et al. "Comparison on Tensile Characteristics of Plain C–Mn Steel with Ultrafine Grained Ferrite/Cementite Microstructure and Coarse Grained Ferrite/Pearlite Microstructure." Materials 14, no. 9 (2021): 2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092309.

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This work investigated the tensile characteristics of plain C–Mn steel with an ultrafine grained ferrite/cementite (UGF/C) microstructure and coarse-grained ferrite/pearlite (CGF/P) microstructure. The tensile tests were performed at temperatures between 77 K and 323 K. The lower yield and the ultimate tensile strengths were significantly increased when the microstructure was changed from the CGF/P to the UGF/C microstructures, but the total elongation and the uniform elongation decreased. A microstructural change from the CGF/P microstructure to the UGF/C microstructure had an influence on th
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9

Sachana, Suphattra, Kohei Morishita, and Hirofumi Miyahara. "Microstructural Examination of Molten Marks on Copper Wire for Fire Investigation." Forensic Sciences 3, no. 1 (2023): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3010002.

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Fire investigators have attempted to study fire behaviors through microstructural examination of molten marks on copper wire. However, there have not been many studies on the metallurgical examination of real-world cases. This research examined the surface morphology and microstructure in the longitudinal section of molten marks on copper wire from various fire scenes to explain how they formed and identify the surrounding materials. The results show that the foreign elements discovered via EDS on the surface of molten marks vary depending on their environment. Molten mark microstructures diff
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10

Griffiths, Malcolm. "Microstructural Effects on Irradiation Creep of Reactor Core Materials." Materials 16, no. 6 (2023): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062287.

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The processes that control irradiation creep are dependent on the temperature and the rate of production of freely migrating point defects, affecting both the microstructure and the mechanisms of mass transport. Because of the experimental difficulties in studying irradiation creep, many different hypothetical models have been developed that either favour a dislocation slip or a mass transport mechanism. Irradiation creep mechanisms and models that are dependent on the microstructure, which are either fully or partially mechanistic in nature, are described and discussed in terms of their abili
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11

Garboczi, E. J., and D. P. Bentz. "Computational Materials Science of Cement-Based Materials." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 3 (1993): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400043906.

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Cement-based materials are random composite materials over many length scales. In common with any random material, the two main problems that must be solved to obtain quantitative theoretical understanding of microstructure-property relationships are: (1) what actually is the microstructure, and (2) given enough knowledge of a micro-structure, how can properties be calculated?In the past few decades, physicists and chemists have studied microstructure/property relationships for atomically disordered materials like semiconductor and metallic glasses, while mechanical engineers have done the sam
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12

Kovalčíková, Alexandra, Ján Balko, and Ján Dusza. "Influence of Microstructure on Tribological Properties and Nanohardness of Silicon Carbide Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 662 (September 2015): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.662.55.

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The influence of microstructural variations on the tribological properties and nanohardness of liquid phase sintered silicon carbide (LPS SiC) has been observed. In order to modify the microstructures samples were further heat treated at 1650°C and 1850°C for 5 hours to promote grain growth. The depth-sensing indentation tests of SiC materials were performed at several peak loads in the range 10-400 mN. The pin-on-flat dry sliding friction and wear experiments have been made on SiC ceramics in contact with Al2O3 ceramic ball at 10-50 N loads in an ambient environment. The nanohardness of sampl
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13

Dong, Qin, Zhong Wei Yin, Hu Lin Li, Yang Mao, and Geng Yuan Gao. "3D Reconstruction of Microstructure for Centrifugal Casting Babbitt Lining of Bimetallic Bearing Based on Mimics." Key Engineering Materials 841 (May 2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.841.94.

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Babbitt alloys are the most commonly used bearing materials for low speed diesel engines due to their excellent attributes. An understanding of microstructures in these alloys is important, especially quantifying microstructure in 3D. In this study, we used serial sectioning technique to reconstruct 3D microstructure of tin-based Babbitt lining of bimetallic bearing made by centrifugal casting based on medical software Mimics. The morphologies and volume fraction of hard phase particles and α-Sn matrix were obtained. The volume fraction of the reconstructed microstructures was verified by the
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14

Jang, Jeong Gook, and Solmoi Park. "Special Issue: “Microstructures and Durability of Cement-Based Materials”." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040866.

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Cement-based materials play an irreplaceable role in building and sustaining our society by meeting the performance demand imposed on structures and sustainability. Cement-based materials are no longer limited to derivatives of Portland cement, and appreciate a wider range of binders that come from various origins. It is therefore of utmost importance for understanding and expanding the relevant knowledge on their microstructure and likely durability performance. This Special Issue “Microstructures and Durability of Cement-Based Materials” presents recent studies reporting microstructural and
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15

Ji, Zimo. "Microstructures of Graphene applied as Electrode Materials in Lithium-ion Batteries." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2378, no. 1 (2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2378/1/012029.

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Abstract With the dramatic increase in the consumption of electric energy, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) become one of the most important devices for energy storage. Among various types of electrode materials in LIBs, graphene is one of the potential alternations due to the outstanding conductivity and ability of ions storage. But the limitation of capacity and stability brings challenges when applying graphene in LIBs directly. Recently, the microstructure of graphene is focused more to improve the performances of LIBs furtherly. Several kinds of microstructure in graphene have been designed i
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16

Kube, Christopher M. "Elastodynamic property closures of elastic waves in polycrystalline materials." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027539.

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In polycrystalline materials like many metals, grainy microstructures significantly influence elastodynamics. Bulk waves scattering at grain boundaries cause attenuation and speed variation in waves. This depends on grain characteristics, including local elasticity and spatial properties. These are modeled statistically to homogenize the microstructure or elastodynamic fields, within bounds. For example, the elasticity of a homogenized medium can't exceed that of individual grains. 'Property closure' is the range within which microstructures yield specific properties like Young's modulus. This
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17

Werner, E., T. Siegmund, H. Weinhandl, and F. D. Fischer. "Properties of Random Polycrystalline Two-Phase Materials." Applied Mechanics Reviews 47, no. 1S (1994): S231—S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3122817.

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The physical properties of polycrystalline two-phase alloys depend on the properties and the amounts of the constituent phases and on the geometrical arrangement of the grains in the two-phase microstucture. Establishing microstructure-property relationships for two-phase materials requires the correct quantitative characterization of all topological features of the microstructure. Stereology and quantitative metallography provide the means to analyse both real and idealized model microstructures with this respect. The two most important quantitative parameters involved in the formulation of m
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18

Mohideen, S. Rasool, Ahmad Zaidi Ahmad Mujahid, Abdullah Shohaimi, and S. Ravi. "Metallographic Investigation on the Effect of Cryogenic Temperature on Steel Weldments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (October 2014): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.456.

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Materials are subjected to low temperatures either intentionally as in the case of cryogenic fuels or non-intentionally as in the case of aerospace environment and are observed to undergo changes in their properties. Microstructural changes are the premier indications of changes in the properties of materials. This paper investigates the effect of cryogenic temperature on the microstructure of low alloy steel weldments. The weldments were subjected to liquid nitrogen temperature of 77K and the microstructures were analyzed using optical microscope and transmission electron Microscope. A distin
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19

Gallardo-Basile, Francisco-José, Yannick Naunheim, Franz Roters, and Martin Diehl. "Lath Martensite Microstructure Modeling: A High-Resolution Crystal Plasticity Simulation Study." Materials 14, no. 3 (2021): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030691.

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Lath martensite is a complex hierarchical compound structure that forms during rapid cooling of carbon steels from the austenitic phase. At the smallest, i.e., ‘single crystal’ scale, individual, elongated domains, form the elemental microstructural building blocks: the name-giving laths. Several laths of nearly identical crystallographic orientation are grouped together to blocks, in which–depending on the exact material characteristics–clearly distinguishable subblocks might be observed. Several blocks with the same habit plane together form a packet of which typically three to four together
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20

Dolzhenko, Anastasiia, Marina Tikhonova, Rustam Kaibyshev, and Andrey Belyakov. "Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Steels and Alloys Subjected to Large-Strain Cold-to-Warm Deformation." Metals 12, no. 3 (2022): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12030454.

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The effect of large-strain cold-to-warm deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties of various steels and alloys is critically reviewed. The review is mainly focused on the microstructure evolution, whereas the deformation textures are cursorily considered without detailed examination. The deformation microstructures are considered in a wide strain range, from early straining to severe deformations. Such an approach offers a clearer view of how the deformation mechanisms affect the structural changes leading to the final microstructures evolved in large strains. The general re
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21

Gao, Junjie, Daiying Deng, Haitao Han, and Jijun Yu. "Microstructure Evolution and Multiscale Heat Transfer Characteristics of Resin-Based Ablative Material under Aerodynamic Heating." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2023 (October 16, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9069416.

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This paper is aimed at investigating the microstructure evolution of resin-based ablative materials under aerodynamic heating. The microstructure, morphology, material density, and thermophysical parameters at different positions of the material after aerodynamic heating were deeply studied. The changes in the microstructural characteristics of materials caused by complex reaction processes were investigated, including microstructural morphology, porosity, the overlap relationship between microstructural components, and the mutual positional relationship. The relationship between microstructur
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22

Yurishima, Ryuta, Yoshiki Takagiwa, Ayako Ikeda та Teruyuki Ikeda. "Microstructure Optimization of Thermoelectric τ1-Al2Fe3Si3 via Graded Temperature Heat Treatments". Materials 17, № 23 (2024): 5899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235899.

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To investigate the relationship between microstructure, chemical composition, and thermoelectric properties, we have applied graded temperature heat treatments to recently developed τ1-Al2Fe3Si3-based thermoelectric (FAST) materials formed by a peritectic reaction. We investigated microstructures, chemical compositions, and Seebeck coefficients as continuous functions of heat treatment temperature. The τ1 phase can become p- and n-type semiconductors without doping by changing the Al/Si ratio. The Seebeck coefficient was maximized, exceeding |S| > 140 μVK−1 for both p- and n-type materials,
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23

Park, Sunghyuk, Shiv G. Kapoor, and Richard E. DeVor. "Microstructure-Level Model for the Prediction of Tool Failure in WC-Co Cutting Tool Materials." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 3 (2006): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2194233.

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A model to predict tool failure due to chipping in machining via the microstructure-level finite element cutting process simulation is presented and applied to a wide variety of WC-Co tool materials. The methodology includes the creation of arbitrary microstructures comprised of WC and Co phases to simulate various grades of WC-Co alloys. Equivalent stress, strain, and strain energy are then obtained via orthogonal microstructure-level finite element machining simulations. A model was developed to predict the occurrence of tool failure based on the mixed mode fracture criterion. Turning experi
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24

Kurz, W., and R. Trivedi. "Microstructure and Phase Selection in Laser Treatment of Materials." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 114, no. 4 (1992): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904198.

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Microstructure formation during the laser treatment of materials is discussed so as to enable one to design appropriate alloys and laser processing conditions which will produce a microstructure that has optimum properties. In order to predict microstructures for different laser processing conditions, the theoretical models for single phase and two-phase eutectic growth under a wide range of solidification rates have been developed. Specific emphasis is placed on the new physics that become important under rapid solidification conditions of laser processing. Based on these models, the selectio
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25

Yolken, H. Thomas. "Intelligent Processing of Materials." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 4 (1988): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400065842.

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Advanced materials can provide specialized properties, or combinations of properties, that cannot be obtained in conventional materials. However, advanced materials generally require unusual processing operations in order to achieve their unique microstructures and the resulting greatly improved properties. These materials also tend to be expensive because of the high value added by unusual processing operations that may be labor intensive. Because the relationships among the processing parameters, microstructure, and resulting material properties and performance are not fully understood, and
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26

Sklenička, Vàclav, Petr Král, Jiří Dvořák, Marie Kvapilová, and Milan Svoboda. "Microstructure Evolution and Creep Behavior in ECAP Processed Metallic Materials." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2689.

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The creep behavior of high purity aluminum and copper, Al-0.2wt.%Sc and Cu-0.2wt.%Zr alloys was examined after processing by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) with an emphasis on the link between microstructure and creep. The microstructure was revealed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and analyzed by stereological methods. Representative microstructural parameters were obtained using orientation imaging microscopy and EBSD on the relationship between creep behavior and microstructure.
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27

Alveen, Patricia, Declan McNamara, Declan Carolan, Neal Murphy, and Alojz Ivanković. "Micromechanical Modelling of Advanced Ceramics Using Statistically Representative Microstructures." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.53.

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Advanced ceramics are a class of materials used as cutting tools in some of the most demanding material removal operations. Their high hardness makes them extremely suited for use at these extreme conditions. However they have a relatively low fracture toughness when compared to other conventional tool materials. A combined experimental-numerical method was used to investigate the role of microstructure on the fracture of advanced ceramics. In particular, the effect of grain size and matrix content were examined. Representative finite volume (FV) microstructures were created using Voronoi tess
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28

Zhang, Fan, Andrew Allen, Lyle Levine, et al. "In Situ Materials Characterization across Atomic and Microstructure Lengthscales." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408927x.

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Advanced materials exhibit complex, hierarchical, and multiscale microstructures that control their performance. Today, optimization of these microstructures requires iterative, ex situ studies using multiple independent instruments with different samples. To address many of the grand challenges facing the material research community, it is desirable to correlate material performance under realistic processing and operating conditions with in situ characterization of material structures across atomic and microstructural length scales. To meet this need, we have made progress in recent years in
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29

Toribio, Jesús. "Cold-Drawn Pearlitic Steels as Hierarchically Structured Materials: An Approach to Johann Sebastian Bach." Key Engineering Materials 774 (August 2018): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.492.

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This paper analyzes the hierarchical microstructure of cold-drawn pearlitic steels. To this end, environmentally assisted fracture behavior and microstructural integrity in aggressive environments is analyzed in progressively cold-drawn pearlitic steels based on their microstructural evolution during the multi-step cold drawing manufacture process producing a slenderizing and orientation of the pearlitic colonies (first microstructural level), and orientation and densification of the ferrite/cementite lamellae (second microstructural level). Thus the microstructure of the cold-drawn pearlitic
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30

Huangfu, Binghan, Yujing Liu, Xiaochun Liu, Xiang Wu, and Haowei Bai. "Anisotropy of Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials." Materials 17, no. 15 (2024): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17153653.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that builds parts layer by layer. Over the past decade, metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology has developed rapidly to form a complete industry chain. AM metal parts are employed in a multitude of industries, including biomedical, aerospace, automotive, marine, and offshore. The design of components can be improved to a greater extent than is possible with existing manufacturing processes, which can result in a significant enhancement of performance. Studies on the anisotropy of additively manufactured metallic materials have been reported, an
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31

Basanta, David, Mark A. Miodownik, Elizabeth A. Holm, and Peter J. Bentley. "Evolving 3D Microstructures Using a Genetic Algorithm." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.1019.

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We describe a general approach to obtaining 3D microstructures as input to computer simulations of materials properties. We introduce a program called MicroConstructor, that takes 2D micrographs and generates 3D discrete computer microstructures which are statistically equivalent in terms of the microstructural variables of interest. The basis of the code is a genetic algorithm that evolves the 3D microstructure so that its stereological parameters match the 2D data. Since this approach is not limited by scale it can be used to generate 3D initial multiscale microstructures. This algorithm wil
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32

Markovsky, Pavlo E., Jacek Janiszewski, Vadim I. Bondarchuk, et al. "Effect of Strain Rate on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of Titanium-Based Materials." Metals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111404.

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The goal of the present work is a systematic study on an influence of a strain rate on the mechanical response and microstructure evolution of the selected titanium-based materials, i.e., commercial pure titanium, Ti-6Al-4V alloy with lamellar and globular microstructures produced via a conventional cast and wrought technology, as well as Ti-6Al-4V fabricated using blended elemental powder metallurgy (BEPM). The quasi-static and high-strain-rate compression tests using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique were performed and microstructures of the specimens were characterized befor
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33

Chen, Haisheng, Fang Hao, Shixing Huang та ін. "The Effects of Microstructure on the Dynamic Mechanical Response and Adiabatic Shearing Behaviors of a Near-α Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo Alloy". Materials 16, № 4 (2023): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041406.

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The formation and evolution of adiabatic shear behaviors, as well as the corresponding mechanical properties of a near-Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo (Ti-6321) alloy during dynamic compression process, were systematically investigated by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) compression tests in this paper. Ti-6321 samples containing three types of microstructures, i.e., equiaxed microstructure, duplex microstructure and Widmanstätten microstructure, were prepared to investigate the relationship between microstructures and dynamic mechanical behaviors under different strain rates in a range from 1000 s−
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34

Nordén, Hans. "Microstructure of materials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010017400x.

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The systematic development of materials with controlled properties has always proceeded in hand with the study of their microstructure and composition. The development of modem analytical and microscopic techniques with improved spatial resolution has permitted more and more detailed information to be obtained. In order to fully characterize a microstructure it is often necessary to extract information on both a nanometer and a μm scale so it is advantageous to apply a combination of microscopic and microanalytical techniques.The range of topics covered by the tide of this talk is obviously to
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35

Han, Dong, Yongqing Zhao, and Weidong Zeng. "Effect of Zr Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Superplasticity of a Forged SP700 Titanium Alloy." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040906.

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The present study focuses on the effect of 1% Zr addition on the microstructure, tensile properties and superplasticity of a forged SP700 alloy. The results demonstrated that Zr has a significant effect on inhibiting the microstructural segregation and increasing the volume fraction of β-phase in the forged SP700 alloy. After annealing at 820 °C for 1 h and aging at 500 °C for 6 h, the SP700 alloy with 1% Zr showed a completely globular and fine microstructure. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation of the alloy with optimized microstructure were 1185 MPa, 1296 MP
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36

Pham, Gia Khanh, Kerim Yalcin, Azman Wan Asma Najihah Binti Wan, Anh Son Nguyen, and Van Trung Trinh. "Development of an Open-Source Software Tool for Microstructure Analysis of Materials Using Artificial Intelligence." Key Engineering Materials 1004 (December 23, 2024): 103–10. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-vcog1h.

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Investigating the microstructures of materials with microscopy is a key task in quality assurance, the development of new materials, and the optimization of manufacturing processes. However, conventional image analysis often demands significant time for analysis and a large volume of images, and the predictions produced are commonly constrained. Applying deep learning, models can be trained to analyze material microstructures quickly and with greater accuracy. The objective of this study is to provide a method for the automatic segmentation of microstructural images obtained from microscopes o
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37

Snopiński, Przemysław, Krzysztof Matus, and Ondřej Hilšer. "Investigation of the Effects of Various Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques on the Microstructure of Laser Powder Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg Alloy." Materials 16, no. 23 (2023): 7418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16237418.

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In this paper, we present a complete characterization of the microstructural changes that occur in an LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy subjected to various post-processing methods, including equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), KoBo extrusion, and multi-axial forging. Kikuchi transmission diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the microstructures. Our findings revealed that multi-axis forging produced an extremely fine subgrain structure. KoBo extrusion resulted in a practically dislocation-free microstructure. ECAP processing at temperatures between 100 °C and 200 °C gener
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Iuga, Maria, and Friedrich Raether. "Simulation of the Thermoelastic Properties of Sintered Ceramics." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.89.

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Many ceramic materials are composed of various phases, which can differ in their individual thermal, elastic or electrical properties by orders of magnitude. The microstructural arrangement of the phases controls important material properties of the composite. To simulate these macroscopic material properties from the material properties of the constituting phases, a 3-D FEM model is used. The key for an adequate description of real materials is the accurate threedimensional modeling of their microstructure. Basic morphological parameters of many ceramics are reflected by a modified Voronoi mo
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39

McNelley, Terry R., Keiichiro Oh-ishi, and Alexandre P. Zhilyaev. "Microstructure Evolution and Microstructure-Property Relationships in Friction Stir Processing of NiAl Bronze." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 3745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.3745.

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Friction stir processing (FSP) has been employed for localized modification and control of microstructures in NiAl bronze materials, which are widely utilized for marine components. The thermomechanical cycle of FSP results in homogenization and refinement and the conversion of microstructures from a cast to a wrought condition within stir zones in the material. However, the direct measurement of stir zone temperatures, strains, strain rates and cooling rates is difficult due to steep gradients and transients in these quantities, and this is an impediment in the assessment of FSP-induced micro
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40

L.|Kang, Suk-Joong, and Sang-Moo Han. "Grain Growth in Si3 N4-Based Materials." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 2 (1995): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400049198.

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The growth of Si3N4 grains in the usual sintering process occurs in an oxynitride liquid formed by reactions between sintering additives, impurity SiO2, and Si3N4. The shape of an Si3N4 grain in the liquid matrix is a hexagonal rod, although the aspect ratio (c/a) varies considerably, depending on the processing conditions and final crystalline forms of α or β. Figure 1 shows two types of microstructures observed in sintered Si3N4-based materials. The microstructure shown in Figure la is normal with unimodal grain-size distribution and that of Figure 1b is abnormal with a microstructure of exc
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McDowell, David L., Hae Jin Choi, Jitesh Panchal, Ryan Austin, Janet Allen, and Farrokh Mistree. "Plasticity-Related Microstructure-Property Relations for Materials Design." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.21.

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Design has traditionally involved selecting a suitable material for a given application. A materials design revolution is underway in which the classical materials selection approach is replaced by design of material microstructure or mesostructure to achieve certain performance requirements such as density, strength, ductility, conductivity, and so on. Often these multiple performance requirements are in conflict in terms of their demands on microstructure. Computational plasticity models play a key role in evaluating structure-property relations necessary to support simulation-based design o
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González, J. M., N. Murillo, J. González, J. M. Blanco, and J. Echeberría. "On the intergranular coupling in soft nanocrystalline materials." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 2 (1996): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0061.

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The magnetic softness of nanocrystalline materials prepared from amorphous precursors is attributed to the average of the local magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the individual crystallites. In the present paper we have studied the effective magnetic anisotropy of Fe-based nanocrystalline samples with different microstructures. These microstructures were produced by using different heating rates when crystallizing the precursor material by means of continuous heating treatments. From the results of our study of the magnetic properties of the samples, carried out from the measurement of the bias
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Bryndza, Guillian, Jérôme Tchoufang Tchuindjang, Fan Chen, et al. "Review of the Microstructural Impact on Creep Mechanisms and Performance for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inconel 718." Materials 18, no. 2 (2025): 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020276.

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Inconel 718 (IN718) is a polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy and one of the most widely used materials in the aerospace industry owing to its excellent mechanical performances at high temperatures, including creep resistance. Interest in additively manufactured components in aerospace is greatly increasing due to their ability to reduce material consumption, to manufacture complex parts, and to produce out-of-equilibrium microstructures, which can be beneficial for mechanical behavior. IN718’s properties are, however, very sensitive to microstructural features, which strongly depend on the
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Snopiński, Przemysław, Krzysztof Matus, Ondřej Hilšer, and Stanislav Rusz. "Effects of Built Direction and Deformation Temperature on the Grain Refinement of 3D Printed AlSi10Mg Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)." Materials 16, no. 12 (2023): 4288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124288.

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In this work, we used an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM) to study the effects of build direction and deformation temperature on the grain refinement process. Two different build orientations of 0° and 90° and deformation temperatures of 150 °C and 200 °C were selected to study this effect. Light microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the microtexture and microstructural evolution of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) billets. Grain boundary maps showed that the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries
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Agboola, Joseph, Emmanuel Anyoku, and Atinuke Oladoye. "Effects of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of 6xxx Aluminium Alloy." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 6, no. 1 (2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.06.01.2021.04.

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The applicability of materials is highly dependent on its microstructure and mechanical properties. Aluminium alloy is being used extensively under diverse conditions. This study investigates the effects of cooling rate on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 6xxx-series aluminium alloy. Aluminium ingot was melted in a muffle furnace and cast into rods. The cooling rate was controlled by holding the moulds at different temperatures. Microstructural characteristics were examined by optical microscopy. Mechanical properties such as impact strength, hardness, and
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Zhou, Tingting, Lingpeng Meng, Mingdong Yi, and Chonghai Xu. "Simulation of Microscopic Fracture Behavior in Nanocomposite Ceramic Tool Materials." Lubricants 11, no. 11 (2023): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11110489.

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In this paper, the microstructures of nanocomposite ceramic tool materials are represented through Voronoi tessellation. A cohesive element model is established to perform the crack propagation simulation by introducing cohesive elements with fracture criteria into microstructure models. Both intergranular and transgranular cracking are considered in this work. The influences of nanoparticle size, microstructure type, nanoparticle volume content and interface fracture energy are analyzed, respectively. The simulation results show that the nanoparticles have changed the fracture pattern from in
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Abdalla, Ayad Omran, Astuty Amrin, Roslina Mohammad, and M. A. Azmah Hanim. "Microstructural Study of Newly Designed Ti-6Al-1Fe Alloy through Deformation." Solid State Phenomena 264 (September 2017): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.264.54.

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Recently, iron (Fe) is introduced to substitute vanadium (V) in Ti-alloy. Therefore, new (α+β) titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-1Fe was designed through a complete replacement of V by Fe with major composition modifications of Ti-6Al-4V. This new alloy is believed could provide similar properties of Ti-6Al-4V through modification of its microstructures. Different heat treatments can lead to a diversity of microstructural permutations and combinations. Thus, it is very crucial to study in-depth understanding about the microstructure of Ti-6Al-1Fe. Results reveal that the microstructure of as-received all
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Chakma, Prajjayini, and Yunhua Luo. "Impact of Regular and Irregular Pore Distributions on the Elasticity of Porous Materials: A Microstructure-Free Finite Element Study." Materials 17, no. 18 (2024): 4490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17184490.

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Conventional analytical formulas for predicting the effective Young’s modulus of porous materials often rely on simplifying assumptions and do not explicitly incorporate microstructural information. This study investigates the impact of regular versus irregular pore distributions on the stiffness of porous materials using microstructure-free finite element modeling (MF-FEM). After conducting a convergence study, MF-FEM predictions were validated against experimental data and used to assess the accuracy of commonly employed analytical models. The results demonstrate that materials with irregula
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Pancholi, V., A. Raja, and K. Rohit. "Deformation Behavior of Inhomogeneous Layered Microstructure." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1437.

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Multipass friction stir processing (FSP) technique was used to get inhomogeneous layered microstructure in Al 5086 alloy. Different proportions of fine and coarse grain microstructures were generated using FSP. In the present work, material with inhomogeneous layered microstructure generated using FSP was subjected to deformation at temperature of 500°C and at strain rate in the range of 5×10-4 to 1×10-2 s-1. It was observed that the inhomogeneous layered microstructure with more than 50% fine grain microstructure is required to get higher elongation to failure. However material having homogen
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Baraboshkin, Kirill, Ruslan Adigamov, Vladimir Yusupov, Irina Kozhevnikova, and Antonina Karlina. "Thermomechanical rolling in well casing production (research review)." Metal Working and Material Science 26, no. 3 (2024): 24–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2024-26.3-24-51.

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Introduction. The modern oil and gas industry requires the development of high strength materials for well casing. Changes in rolled steel production technologies are one of the urgent tasks. Reducing the cost of high quality steel well casing is becoming a major challenge for the oil and gas industry. Multiphase microstructures containing acicular ferrite or an acicular ferrite-dominated phase exhibit good complex properties in HSLA steels. This paper focuses on the results obtained using modern methods of thermomechanical rolling. Results and discussion. This work analyzes the characteristic
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