Academic literature on the topic 'Microstructured cane'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microstructured cane"
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Li, Chuxin, Haoyu Dai, Can Gao, Ting Wang, Zhichao Dong, and Lei Jiang. "Bioinspired inner microstructured tube controlled capillary rise." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 10, 2019): 12704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821493116.
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Effective, long-range, and self-propelled water elevation and transport are important in industrial, medical, and agricultural applications. Although research has grown rapidly, existing methods for water film elevation are still limited. Scaling up for practical applications in an energy-efficient way remains a challenge. Inspired by the continuous water cross-boundary transport on the peristome surface ofNepenthes alata, here we demonstrate the use of peristome-mimetic structures for controlled water elevation by bending biomimetic plates into tubes. The fabricated structures have unique advantages beyond those of natural pitcher plants: bulk water diode transport behavior is achieved with a high-speed passing state (several centimeters per second on a milliliter scale) and a gating state as a result of the synergistic effect between peristome-mimetic structures and tube curvature without external energy input. Significantly, on further bending the peristome-mimetic tube into a “candy cane”-shaped pipe, a self-siphon with liquid diode behavior is achieved. Such a transport mechanism should inspire the design of next generation water transport devices.
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Sammouda, Marwa, Faouzi Bahloul, and Philippe Di Bin. "Spatial mode converter of higher order modes by coupling between two different fibers inserted in a microstructured cane." Optical Fiber Technology 66 (October 2021): 102652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2021.102652.
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Sammouda, Marwa, Faouzi Bahloul, and Philippe Di Bin. "Numerical analysis of the LP01 mode excitation in a dual-core directional coupler based on two different fibers inserted in a microstructured cane." Journal of Optics 20, no. 8 (July 5, 2018): 085602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aacd67.
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Kuc, Dariusz, Jerzy Gawąd, and Maciej Pietrzyk. "Multiscale CAFE Modelling of Dynamic Recrystallization." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2567.
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The paper is focused on application of multi-scale 2D CAFE method. CAFE approach consists of Cellular Automata (CA) model of microstructure development and the thermal-mechanical finite element (FE) code. Dynamic recrystallization phenomenon is taken into account in 2D CA model which takes advantage of explicit representation of microstructure, including individual grains and grain boundaries. Flow stress is the main material parameter in mechanical part of FE and is calculated on the basis of average dislocation density obtained from CA model. The results attained from the CAFE model were validated with the experimental data for austenitic steel X3CrNi18-9. The samples were subjected to axisymmetrical hot compression test. Compression forces were recorded during the tests and flow stresses were determined using inverse method. Light microscopy and EBSD analyses were performed for the initial and final microstructures of the samples.
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Yu, Xiao Jian, Ya Lin Lu, Fu Xian Zhu, and Xing Cheng Li. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy by Low Pressure Casting." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.319.
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Automobile wheel of A356 alloy was cast by low pressure casting process. The effect of heat treatment process on microstructures and mechanical properties of A356 alloy cast was discussed. The results indicated that optimal parameters of heat treatment process for A356 alloy included solution temperature of 535°Cand holding time of 4.5hours, aging temperature of 145°Cand holding time of 4hours. Ultimate strength of A356 is 270MPa and elongation rate is 10%. Meanwhile, the microstructure has been apparently improved. The eutectic silicon particle became more spheroidal and distributed uniformly in matrix.
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Zhao, Zhong Min, Long Zhang, Shuan Jie Wang, and Min Quan Wang. "Multiscale and Multilevel Composite of Solidified TiC-TiB2 with Ti-6Al-4V Achieved by Fusion Bonding in High-Gravity Field." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.136.
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By putting Ti-6Al-4V plate at the bottom of the blend of (Ti+B4C) and the high-energy thermit, a novel laminated composite of TiC-TiB2 ceramic to Ti alloy is achieved by combustion synthesis in high-gravity field, and within the joint there presents multiscale and multilevel microstructures characterized by size and distribution of TiB2 and TiB phases, thereby showing microstructure evolution rather than a clear interface from the ceramic to Ti alloy. The reasons for the unique microstructures in the joint came is considered a result of fusion bonding and atomic interdiffusion between liquid TiC-TiB2 and liquid Ti in thermal vacuum circumstances, followed by a series of metallurgical reaction including peritectic reaction of TiB2 solid and Ti liquid, direct growth of TiB from Ti liquid and subsequent eutectic reaction of TiB and Ti, so a continuously-graded microstructure consisting of the multiphases in size from micrometer to nanometer is eatablieshed in the joint.
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Li, Wei Li, Xiao Chen Liu, and Jun Ci Cao. "Influence of Carbon Content on Fe-Cu Alloy Material Performance in Induction Motor with Compound Cage Rotor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1223.
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New type Fe-Cu alloy is used in the bar of induction motor with compound cage rotor(IMCCR). In this paper, the preparation of three kinds of Fe-Cu alloy is introduced. The influence of its microstructures, hardness and impact toughness is studied by using metalloscope and scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile, physical propertie such as resistivity, and B-H curve is tested by using magnetic testing device and bridge circuit. The influence of carbon content changing on microstructure and performance of Fe-Cu alloy is analysised, which has positive significance to the new type material using in motor.
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Gupta, Chandan Kumar, A. K. Sachan, and Rakesh Kumar. "Examination of Microstructure of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash and Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash Blended Cement Mortar." Sugar Tech 23, no. 3 (March 14, 2021): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00934-8.
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Liu, Na, Zhou Li, Wen Yong Xu, Liang Zheng, and Yang Liu. "Fabrication and Properties of Gas Atomized Gamma Titanium Aluminide Powders and PM Processing." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.328.
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Pre-alloyed gamma titanium aluminide powders were fabricated by argon gas atomization. The powder was hot isostatic pressed (HIP) at 1200°Cand 150MPa for 3h to obtain full density compact. The properties of the powders and the HIP’ed compacts were investigated in this work. The microstructure of the powder exhibited dendrite and cellular mixed image, resulted from rapid solidification and independent of particle size. The microstructural transition from cell to dendrite could be readily represented in a droplet or the droplets of different size. The transition was the result of the decrease of undercooling. XRD analysis result showed that the powder consisted of α2 phase and γ phase, coarse powder was mostly γ phase, while fine powder mostly α2 phase. After HIP, the near gamma microstructure showed an average γ-TiAl grains of approximately 6μm.
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Abd Elhameed Hussein, Asma, Nasir Shafiq, Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin, and Fareed Ahmed Memon. "Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash Concrete." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7, no. 12 (March 29, 2014): 2569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.569.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Microstructured cane"
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Belhadj, Taher Aymen. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de composants innovants à fibres optiques multiples." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0036/document.
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Les travaux de recherche présentés dans ce manuscrit ont pour but de concevoir, simuler, fabriquer et caractériser un convertisseur modal à base de canne microstructurée air-silice (CMAS). Cette fonction représente un élément clé pour les multiplexeurs modaux et les compensateurs de dispersion chromatique. Le composant proposé est basé sur une CMAS effilée dite « taper » qui constitue une transition entre les deux fibres différentes. La conversion se fait à travers l’excitation d’un mode particulier dans une fibre multimode à partir d’une fibre standard. Dans les structures à diamètre évolutif, la compréhension des différentes théories régissant le couplage entre les différents modes est nécessaire. Une étude approfondie est réalisée pour analyser le phénomène de couplage et étudier le critère d’adiabaticité. Ce composant est élaboré autour d’une technologie de fabrication existante à XLIM qui se base sur la technique fusion-étirage. Enfin, nous validons numériquement et expérimentalement ce principe. Nous réussissons à exciter le mode fondamental et d’autres modes d’ordre supérieur dans une fibre multimodeThese research works presented in this manuscript aim at designing, simulate, manufacture and characterizing the modal converter based microstructured air-silica cane. This function represents a key element for modal multiplexers and chromatic dispersion compensators. The proposed component is based on a tapered microstructured air-silica cane « taper » which constitutes a transition between the two different fibers. The conversion is done through the excitation of a particular mode in a multimode or few mode fibers from a standard fiber. In the tapered structures, the understanding of the different theories involving the coupling between the different modes was yet necessary. A thorough study is carried to analyze the phenomenon of coupling and study the adiabatic criterion. This component is developed around an existing manufacturing technology at XLIM which based in the technique « stack and draw». Finally, we validate numerically and experimentally that principle. We succeed to excite the fundamental mode and higher order modes in a multimode fiber
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Millan, Cristina. "Microstructural analysis of the Cape Roberts core, western Ross Sea, Antarctica /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6111.
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Postdam, Gérémie. "Développement de composites bio-sourcés à base de fibres de canne à sucre : caractérisation mécanique et acoustique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK022/document.
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Pour des raisons liées au confort, les constructions modernes exigent des matériaux isolants acoustiques et thermiques, offrant de bonnes performances mécaniques. Dans ce cadre, la valorisation des fibres végétales issues de l’industrie agro-alimentaire, présente des avantages économiques et environnementaux. C’est ainsi que, la présente étude a pour objectif le développement d’un agro-composite multifonctionnel à base de fibres de canne à sucre, alliant de bonnes propriétés acoustiques et mécaniques.Les renforts étudiés présentent des distributions morphologiques (longueur et diamètre) pouvant être approchées par une loi log-normale. De plus, leur comportement hygroscopique révèle une forte capacité de reprise en eau (23%) en fonction de l’humidité relative et de la température, même si la masse volumique reste constante, malgré l’hétérogénéité des fibres.Les composites thermo-comprimés avec une matrice époxy, ont été caractérisés à l’aide d’un plan d’expériences ayant pour paramètres le diamètre des fibres (entre 0,5 et 4 mm) et leur taux massique (entre 40 et 70%). L’analyse de la microstructure révèle une isotropie dans le plan de fabrication et une anisotropie transverse. L’étude des propriétés acoustiques a montré que l’absorption sonore augmente avec le diamètre des fibres, tout en diminuant avec leur proportion massique, sur une gamme de fréquences comprises entre 500 et 1000 Hz. La caractérisation mécanique par des essais de flexion, a montré un comportement fragile, avec des écarts de raideur et d’effort maximal de l’ordre de 30%. En flexion, les matériaux dont le diamètre et le taux massique de fibres sont élevés ont les propriétés mécaniques optimales. De plus, l’analyse par stéréo-corrélation d’images a révélé un gradient de déformations non linéaire dans l’épaisseur de l’éprouvette, dû à l’hétérogénéité du matériau. Cette analyse a permis de montrer qu’une localisation des déformations normales conduit à la rupture de l’éprouvette. Par ailleurs, les essais de compression ont souligné l’anisotropie des matériaux et ont montré que les propriétés optimales sont obtenues pour des matériaux dont le taux massique de fibres se situe autour de 55% avec les fibres les plus fines. Enfin, un outil a été mis en place afin de trouver un compromis entre les propriétés mécaniques et acoustiquesFor reasons of comfort, modern constructions require acoustic and thermal insulating materials, offering good mechanical performances. In this context, the valorization of plant fibres from the agro-food industry presents economic and environmental benefits. Thus, the aim of the present study is to develop a multifunctional sugarcane fibres reinforced epoxy porous composite combining good acoustic and mechanical properties.The study of the bagasse fibres geometry has shown that fibres’ length and diameter distribution can be fitted by lognormal laws. Composites manufactured by thermocompression process with an epoxy matrix were characterized using an experimental design whose parameters were the diameter of the fibres (between 0.5 and 4 mm) and their mass ratio (between 40 and 70%). The study of acoustic properties showed that the sound absorption increases with the diameter of the fibres, while decreasing with their mass proportion, over a frequency range between 500 and 1000 Hz. Mechanical characterisation by bending tests, has showed a fragile behavior, with deviations of stiffness and maximum stress around 36%. The stereo-correlation image analysis confirmed the heterogeneity of the strain fields throughout the thickness, in relation to the fracture observation
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Moraes, João Cláudio Bassan de. "Study on sugar cane straw ash (SCSA) in alkali-activated binders /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152101.
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Orientador: Jorge Luís AkasakiResumo: Aglomerantes ativados alcalinamente (AAA) são obtidos da combinação de um precursor solido (geralmente um aluminosilicato) e uma solução alcalina de alta concentração. As vantagens de utilizar este novo tipo de aglomerante comparado ao cimento Portland, um aglomerante convencional, são as menores emissões de CO2, menor consumo de energia e a possibilidade de utilizar matérias prima renováveis e/ou resíduos. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta um novo resíduo da indústria da cada de açúcar: a folha de cana de açúcar. A folha apresenta um poder calorífico interessante; portanto, ela pode ser utilizada como biomassa para produzir energia através um processo de queima. Depois deste procedimento, é gerado um novo resíduo: a cinza de folha de cana de açúcar (CF). Esta cinza não apresenta uma destinação correta, então este trabalho tem como intenção utilizar esta cinza como material prima em AAA. A CF foi avaliada de duas formas: como precursor solido e como matéria prima para produzir a solução alcalina. No primeiro modo, a CF foi utilizada em sistemas combinados com a escória de alto forno (EAF) ativado com ambas soluções de NaOH e NaOH/silicato de sódio. No segundo modo, a CF foi utilizada como fonte de sílica para produzir a solução alcalina com o NaOH em AAA baseados em EAF. Os sistemas foram estudados através da resistência a compressão de argamassas e pelo estudo da microestrutura de pastas. Ensaios realizados para avaliar a microestrutura foram a difração de raios-X (DRX)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Jackson, Christopher. "A microstructural kinematic study of selected shear zones in the Hartbees River Thrust Belt, northeastern Namaqua Tectonic Province." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005588.
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The Hartbees River Thrust Belt (HRTS) is a 40-60 km wide, southwest-vergent zone of complex structure, lithostratigraphy and high-grade metamorphism in the northeastern part of the mid-Proterozoic Namaqua Tectonic Province. The HRTS comprises the boundary zone separating the Bushmanland and Gordonia Subprovinces of the Namaqua Province. A knowledge of the movement histories of major ductile shear zones within the HRTS is fundamental to understanding the tectonic development of the belt, and Namaqua tectogenesis as a whole. In spite of this, no detailed microstructural kinematic studies have been attempted and the movement histories and age relationships of these shear zones have not been described in detail. This thesis represents a detailed microstructural kinematic study of a representative suite of orientated samples of mylonitic rocks, collected from five ductile shear zones within the HRTS. These shear zones include the Neusspruit Lineament, the Kakamas shear zone (KSZ), the Hugosput shear system (HSS), the Rozynenbosch-Ganzenmond shear zone (RGSZ) and the Graafwater shear system (GSS). Accepted modern methods of microstructural kinematic analysis were applied to samples of mylonite from these shear zones, in order to determine the precise orientation of the kinematic vectors, and the sense and relative ages of movements on each of the shear zones. Shear sense criteria, including composite SoC planar fabrics and shear band foliations, asymmetrical porphyroclast systems, mica-fish, oblique grain-shape and subgrain fabrics, asymmetrical microfolds, and the displacement of fractured rigid grains, together with a well-developed mylonite elongation lineation, conclusively indicate that SSW-directed thrusting occurred along the HSS, RGSZ, GSS and possibly along the Neusspruit Lineament, while normal, top-to-NE movements occurred on the Neusspruit Lineament, KSZ and HSS. Rare transposition criteria, and textural and paragenetic contrasts between syn-kinematic fabrics, strongly suggest that the phase of normal, top-to-NE movement seen in the northeastern HRTS shear zones is younger than the more widespread top-to-SW thrusting event. On the basis of mesoscopic structural criteria, SSW-directed thrusting is correlated with the D₂ deformation event in the HRTS. The mylonite zones have been refolded by ENE-SSW trending F₃ crossfolds, whose demonstrated coaxial relationship to the mylonite elongation lineation precluded reorientation of primary kinematic vectors. In the southwestern HRTS, primary thrust vectors have been reoriented by right-lateral, strike-slip shearing adjacent to the Pofadder Lineament during D₄. Simple shear dispersion of mylonite lineations related to normal movement, suggests that they too have been modified by D₄ shearing, and this constrains the timing of extensional movements to post-D₂ and pre- or syn-D₄. Syn-kinematic mineral assemblages, rheological criteria and the annealing states of the mylonites, provide insight into the thermotectonic evolution of the shear zones. A model is proposed in which the movement histories of shear zones within the HRTS are explained in terms of a typical orogenic cycle, involving crustal thickening by thrusting during a compressional orogenic phase, followed by collapse of the thickened crust during an extensional taphrogenic phase.
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Vinall, Jillian Frances. "Impact of repeated invasive procedures during neonatal intensive care on brain microstructure, growth, neurodevelopment and behavior in children born very preterm." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55053.
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As part of their lifesaving care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), infants born very preterm (between 24 and 32 weeks gestation), undergo frequent invasive procedures that induce pain and stress, during a period of rapid brain development. We examined whether repeated exposure to invasive procedures was associated with altered brain development, and thereby poorer neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcome in children born very preterm. We also explored whether parent interaction moderates long-term effects of invasive procedures on child behavior. Data were collected from two prospective cohorts of infants born ≤32 weeks gestation between February 2001–July 2004 and March 2006–January 2009. Neonatal data were recorded from birth to term-equivalent age. Infants in the 2006–2009 cohort were scanned sequentially, once near birth and again at term-equivalent age. Infants in the 2001–2004 cohort were followed-up at 18 months corrected age (CA), and again at 7.5 years of age, when they underwent an MRI. At 18 months CA, parents of the 2001–2004 cohort completed questionnaires and participated in a recorded play session with their child, from which the parent-child interaction was later coded. All statistical analyses were adjusted for known neonatal and clinical confounders. In a series of 4 studies, greater exposure to invasive procedures in the NICU was associated with slower postnatal body and head growth, and slower growth was associated with delayed cerebral cortical maturation. Among the preterm children exposed to a higher number of invasive procedures, more positive parental interaction was associated with fewer anxious/depressive behaviors reported at 18 months CA. Furthermore, greater exposure to invasive procedures was related to poorer white matter maturation at 7.5 years, and together these factors predicted lower IQ. Greater exposure to invasive procedures was associated with slower body and head growth, altered brain maturation and poorer outcomes, after adjustment for clinical confounders. It is necessary that pain management strategies be evaluated for the extent that they are brain protective, in order to minimize the long-term impact of ongoing pain/stress in the NICU. Furthermore, interventions should address the parent-child relationship in order to improve later outcomes.Medicine, Faculty of
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Thompson, John Ryan. "RELATING MICROSTRUCTURE TO PROCESS VARIABLES IN BEAM-BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF INCONEL 718." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1401699643.
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Milhem, Luc. "Fonderie sous pression du cuivre : étude du procédé et caractérisation du matériau." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR14.
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Ces travaux de recherche portent sur l’étude de l’injection du cuivre. Dans une optique d’amélioration des propriétés du cuivre injecté sous pression, deux grands thèmes de réflexion ont été abordés. La première voie de réflexion porte sur l’influence des paramètres de fusion et d’éléments d’alliages ajoutés en faible quantité sur les caractéristiques des démonstrateurs technologiques produits. La seconde partie discute de l’influence du procédé de fonderie en lui-même, notamment au travers de l’étude de deux paramètres : l’influence du régime d’écoulement du métal en fusion dans l’empreinte, et l’influence de l’emprisonnement de l’air sur les propriétés des pièces injectéesThis research focuses on the study of high pressure die casting (HPDC) of copper. In order to improve the properties of die-cast copper, two main issues were investigated. In the first part, attention is paid to the influence of melting parameters and of addition of alloying elements in small amounts on the characteristics of the specimen produced. The second part discusses the influence of the foundry process itself on properties of die cast part, in particular by studying two parameters : the metal flow type during cavity filling, and the air entrapment
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Liu, Jie. "Characterization of New Rotary Endodontic Instruments Fabricated from Special Thermomechanically Processed NiTi Wire." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244643081.
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Batista, João Pedro Bittencourt. "Estudo da cinza de folha de cana-de-açúcar em aglomerantes ativados alcalinamente baseado no resíduo de cerâmica vermelha /." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157495.
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Orientador: João Cláudio Bassan MoraesResumo: Ativação alcalina pode ser definida como uma reação química em que um sólido aluminossilicato, chamado de precursor, misturado com uma solução alcalina, chamada de ativador, que reage e forma um material com propriedades cimentantes chamado aglomerantes ativados alcalinamente (AAA). O desenvolvimento desta tecnologia tem ganhado destaque na construção civil, pois além de apresentar desempenho comparável ao cimento Portland, possibilita na redução de emissão de dióxido de carbono e na utilização de subprodutos e/ou resíduos como matéria prima. O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar o resíduo da indústria agrícola, a cinza de folha de cana-de-açúcar (CFC), formando um sistema binário com o resíduo de cerâmica vermelha (RCV), em aglomerantes ativado alcalinamente. Assim, foram produzidos aglomerantes ativados alcalinamente utilizando, como ativador, uma solução de NaOH e silicato de sódio, com diferentes proporções de RCV/CFC e adição de Ca(OH)2. As pastas e argamassas produzidas foram avaliadas em duas diferentes condições de cura – temperatura ambiente (25 °C) e em banho térmico (65 °C). Para a análise da microestrutura, foram feitos os ensaios em pastas de Difratometria de Raios – X (DRX), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Já para analisar o desempenho mecânico, foi realizado ensaio de resistência à compressão de argamassas. Os resultados mostraram que o emprego da CFC melhorou o desempenho mecânico em... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Alkaline activation can be defined as a chemical reaction in which a solid aluminosilicate, named precursor, mixed with an alkaline solution, named activator, reacts and forms a material with cementing properties named alkali-activated binders (AAB). The development of this technology has been highlighted in civil construction due its performance similar to Portland cement and also because the reduction of CO2 emissions and the possibility of using by-products and/or residues as raw materials. The aim of this study is to assess the use of a residue from sugar cane industry, the sugarcane straw ash (SCSA), in a binary system with the red clay brick waste (RCBW), as an alkali-activated binder. Thus, alkali-activated binders were produced using NaOH and sodium silicate as activator with different ratios of RCBW/SCS and Ca(OH)2 addition. Pastes and mortars were assessed with different curing conditions - room temperature (25°C) and thermal bath (65°C). The microstructure of the system was assessed in pastes by the X - Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). In order to evaluate the mechanical behavior, a compressive strength test was carried out in mortars. The results showed that the use of SCSA improved the mechanical properties for all RCBW/SCSA ratios compared to control (100/0), yielding a maximum compressive strength of 41.6 MPa at 90 days at 25 °C and 42.5 MPa at 7 days at 65 °C for 50/50 ratio. ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Microstructured cane"
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Puranam, Phanish. An introduction to the microstructural approach to organization design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0001.
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Organization design research is a branch of organization science that is concerned with understanding how organizations work in terms of aggregating the actions of their members towards organizational goals, and how to make organizations work better. The microstructural approach to organization design abstracts away from the variety and complexity of organizations to a few fundamental and universal problems of organizing (that relate to how they aggregate their members’ efforts), as well as a few reusable building blocks, called microstructures (which capture common patterns of interaction between members of an organization). The complexity and variety of organization designs, this approach claims, can be understood in terms of these simpler elements. I give an overview of the basic ideas of the microstructural approach, and its implications for theory, methodology and practice.
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Puranam, Phanish. Methodologies for Microstructures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0009.
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I review developments in theory and methodology that may allow us to begin creating innovative forms of organizing, rather than rest content with studying them after they have emerged. We now have the conceptual and technical apparatus to prototype organization designs at small scale, cheaply and fast. The process of organization re-design can be seen in terms of multiple stages. It begins with careful observation of phenomena. Qualitative or indeed quantitative induction (i.e. data mining) can play a critical role here. Once we have some understanding or at least conjectures about underlying mechanisms, we can use the behavioral lab or an agent-based model to run cheap experiments to adjust the design. Once we have formulated a new design, we may want to run a field experiment with randomization. If the results look satisfactory, we can scale up and implement.
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Puranam, Phanish. The Microstructure of Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.001.0001.
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This book synthesizes a decade of research by the author into fundamental issues in organization design. The result is a novel micro-structural perspective on organizations, which aims to both expand and narrow current thinking. The new perspective takes an expansive view on the kinds of phenomena that can be studied in terms of organization design- such as cross–functional teams, strategic partnerships, buyer-supplier relations, alliance networks, mega-projects, post-merger integration, business groups, open source communities, and crowdsourcing, besides traditional concerns with bureaucratic organizations. At the same time, this approach narrows focus by abstracting away from the variety and complexity of organizations to a few fundamental and universal problems of organizing (that relate to how they aggregate their members’ efforts), as well as a few reusable building blocks microstructures (which capture common patterns of interaction between members of an organization). The microstructural approach to organizations will be of interest to researchers and PhD students in management, organization science, and strategy
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Parrish, Geoffrey. Carburizing. ASM International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cmp.9781627083379.
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Carburizing: Microstructures and Properties explains how to recognize and address problems associated with case carburizing treatments for steels. It examines the nature of internal oxidation, decarburization, free carbides, and retained austenite and their effect on fatigue and fracture strength, wear resistance, impact toughness, hardness, and other properties. It discusses the influence of grain size, microcracking, microsegregation, and nonmetallic inclusions and explains how composition and cooling rate determine the core properties of carburized steel parts and how alloy and carbon content largely determine the depth and hardness of the case. It also discusses the effect of tempering, refrigeration, grinding, roller burnishing, and shot peening, and makes extensive use of images, graphs, charts, and examples throughout. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-666-9, follow this link.
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Davis, J. R., ed. Corrosion of Weldments. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cw.9781627083393.
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Corrosion of Weldments provides an understanding of the causes and forms of weld corrosion and the methods used to monitor and control it. It explains how welding influences the microstructure and corrosion behaviors of carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steels, nickel-base and other nonferrous alloys, and dissimilar metal welds. It identifies the factors that contribute to corrosion-related failures of welds and describes the underlying damage mechanisms. It presents case histories documenting corrosion problems in oil and gas, chemical processing, pulp and paper, and other industries and the challenges associated with high-temperature environments. It also covers corrosion monitoring and testing methods and provides insights on making weldments more corrosion resistant. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-841-0, follow this link.
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Bernal, William, and Alberto Quaglia. Normal physiology of the hepatic system. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0173.
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Hepatic blood inflow is from two sources—high-pressure, well-oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and low-pressure, partly deoxygenated blood from the portal vein. Hepatic inflow is maintained by variation in flows in these two systems. Although less than a third of total blood flow is delivered via the hepatic artery, it is responsible for the majority of hepatic oxygen supply. The liver can be subdivided into eight functionally independent segments, each with its own vascular inflow, outflow, and biliary drainage. The tri-dimensional hepatic microstructure is complex with geographic heterogeneity of hepatocellular function, and resistance to toxic, ischaemic, and metabolic damage. The liver is central to a wide variety of synthetic, metabolic, and detoxification functions. The overall balance of activity may be altered rapidly in response to systemic inflammatory stimuli.
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Pardue, Derek. Lisbon Rappers and the Labor of Location. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039676.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the relationship of the microstructures of Kriolu phonemes and morphemes to Kriolu rap's narrative themes of discontented diaspora and unfulfilled membership. After providing a background on Kriolu language, the chapter explains how Kriolu rappers use language and how this might shed light into their identity work by highlighting Kriolu as an alternative to tuga (white Portuguese). It then asks why some Lisbon rappers sing in Kriolu rather than Portuguese, and how their use of language is effective in drawing attention to Cape Verdean projects of place-making and belonging. It also looks at Kriolu rappers' adoption of Hezbollah or favorable references to Palestine by citing the LBC/Soldjah song “Liberta Palestina.” It argues that the local language practices evident in Kriolu rap music illuminate an essential component of identity formation, namely, the ideological force of timeplace articulation, or chronotope.
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1952-, Gourley Paul Lee, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., and International Biomedical Optics Society, eds. Proceedings of micro- and nanofabricated structures and devices for biomedical environmental applications: 26-27 January 1998, San Jose, California. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 1998.
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Bauser, M., G. Sauer, and K. Siegert, eds. Extrusion. Translated by A. F. Castle. 2nd ed. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.ex2.9781627083423.
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Extrusion, Second Edition provides a complete and thorough overview of the processes, equipment, and tooling used to extrude metals into desired shapes and forms. It covers all types of processes, including direct, indirect, and hydrostatic extrusion, cable sheathing, continuous extrusion, and the extrusion of powder metals. It describes each process in detail, explaining how the associated forces, stresses, displacements, and heat cause metals to deform and flow and how it affects the microstructure and properties of the resulting products. It discusses the design, setup, and control of extrusion equipment, the use of lubricants and shells, the effect of tooling materials and geometries, and the practical implications of material flow, friction, discard length, and exit temperature. It describes the deformation and extrusion behaviors of many materials, the product forms into which they can be made, and related processing requirements. The book also provides detailed application examples, an introduction to quality management, a review of the basics of metallurgy, and experimentally measured extrusion data. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-837-3, follow this link.
Book chapters on the topic "Microstructured cane"
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Periquito, João S., Martin Meier, Thoralf Niendorf, Andreas Pohlmann, and Neil Peter Jerome. "Renal MRI Diffusion: Experimental Protocol." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 419–28. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_24.
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AbstractRenal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can be used to obtain information on the microstructure of kidney tissue, and has the potential to provide MR-biomarkers for functional renal imaging. Here we describe in a step-by-step experimental protocol the MRI method for measuring renal diffusion coefficients in rodents using ADC or IVIM models. Both methods provide quantification of renal diffusion coefficients; however, IVIM, a more complex model, allows for the calculation of the pseudodiffusion and fraction introduced by tissue vascular and tubular components. DWI provides information of renal microstructure contributing to the understanding of the physiology and the underlying processes that precede the beginning of pathologies.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis.
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Ma, Jie, Jieyu Zhang, Bo Wang, Jian Zhao, Shunli Zhao, and Guangxin Wu. "Simulation of Solidification Microstructure in Austenitic Stainless Steel Twin-Roll Strip Casting Based on CAFE Model." In EPD Congress 2014, 441–48. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118889664.ch53.
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Tax, Chantal M. W., Elena Kleban, Muhamed Baraković, Maxime Chamberland, and Derek K. Jones. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of $$T_2$$- and Diffusion Anisotropy Using a Tiltable Receive Coil." In Mathematics and Visualization, 247–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56215-1_12.
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AbstractThe anisotropic microstructure of white matter is reflected in various MRI contrasts. Transverse relaxation rates can be probed as a function of fibre-orientation with respect to the main magnetic field, while diffusion properties are probed as a function of fibre-orientation with respect to an encoding gradient. While the latter is easy to obtain by varying the orientation of the gradient, as the magnetic field is fixed, obtaining the former requires re-orienting the head. In this work we deployed a tiltable RF-coil to study $$T_2$$ T 2 - and diffusional anisotropy of the brain white matter simultaneously in diffusion-$$T_2$$ T 2 correlation experiments.
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Tomasi, Diego, Federica Gaiotti, and Gregory V. Jones. "Microstructure of the Grape: Aromatic Precursors in Relationship to Climate, Microclimate and Growing Practices." In The Power of the Terroir: the Case Study of Prosecco Wine, 127–47. Basel: Springer Basel, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0628-2_9.
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Jerome, Neil Peter, Anna Caroli, and Alexandra Ljimani. "Renal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) for Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI): Basic Concepts." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 187–204. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_11.
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AbstractThe specialized function of the kidney is reflected in its unique structure, characterized by juxtaposition of disorganized and ordered elements, including renal glomerula, capillaries, and tubules. The key role of the kidney in blood filtration, and changes in filtration rate and blood flow associated with pathological conditions, make it possible to investigate kidney function using the motion of water molecules in renal tissue. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a versatile modality that sensitizes observable signal to water motion, and can inform on the complexity of the tissue microstructure. Several DWI acquisition strategies are available, as are different analysis strategies, and models that attempt to capture not only simple diffusion effects, but also perfusion, compartmentalization, and anisotropy. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of DWI alongside common acquisition schemes and models, and gives an overview of specific DWI applications for animal models of renal disease.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Narayana Murty, S. V. S., Sushant K. Manwatkar, and P. Ramesh Narayanan. "Metallography of Aluminum Alloys: Atlas of Microstructures." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000203.
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Microstructure plays an important role in obtaining the desired properties in metallic materials in general and aluminum alloys in particular. Mechanical properties of aluminum alloys can be significantly altered by changing the microstructure. No other alloy system can boast of as many temper conditions as aluminum alloys. With the progress in the understanding of microstructure–mechanical property relationships in these materials, “tailor made” alloys to meet specific demands are being industrially developed. The broad spectrum of aluminum alloys in wide range of temper conditions offer materials with widely varying mechanical properties for structural designers. In order to select aluminum alloys with the desired properties for the intended application, it is essential to understand the role of microstructure under actual service conditions. It is in this context “Metallography of aluminum alloys” becomes very important. This chapter provides an insight in to the microstructural evolution of aluminum alloys from the as-cast condition to the final product. Typical examples of microstructural evolution in different aluminum alloys under various thermomechanical conditions are presented here. An atlas of microstructures of commercial and experimental wrought and cast aluminum alloys is presented in an appendix to this book. This appendix includes optical photomicrographs of both cast and wrought alloys and scanning electron micrographs of polished surfaces as well as fracture surfaces of various aluminum alloys as well as transmission electron micrographs as separate annexure. Readers are encouraged to go through the optical microstructures and fractographs along with this chapter for better understanding of the evolution of microstructure as a function of alloying additions, thermomechanical processing conditions, and fracture behavior under tension.
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Tiryakioğlu, Murat, and Nelson Netto. "Friction Stir Processing: Effect on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Cast Aluminum Alloys." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000347.
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Microstructural and mechanical data from the literature of friction stir processed (FSPed) cast aluminum alloys were reanalyzed. Results indicated that friction stir processing (FSP) produced more homogeneous microstructures, with finer eutectic Si particles, grains, and intermetallics. However, a relationship between microstructural measures and process parameters could not be established. Regardless of the resultant microstructure, structural casting defects, i.e., pores and oxide films, were reduced in size or completely eliminated after FSP. Consequently, ductility and fatigue life were drastically improved by FSP. Quality index analysis showed that some FSPed specimens have a higher structural quality than aerospace and premium quality castings, and can be used to determine the intrinsic properties of cast aluminum alloys.
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Venkateswarlu, G., M. J. Davidson, G. R. N. Tagore, and P. Sammaiah. "Influence of Process Parameters on Microstructure of Friction Stir Processed Mg AZ31 Alloy." In Materials Science and Engineering, 1293–305. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch051.
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Friction stir processing (FSP) has been developed on the principles of friction stir welding (FSW) as an effective and efficien new method for grain refinement and microstructural modification, providing intense plastic deformation as well as higher strain rates than other conventional severe plastic deformation methods. FSP produces an equiaxed homogeneous microstructure consisting of fine grains, resulting in the enhancement of the properties of the material at room temperature. The objective of the present paper is to examine the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) parameters namely tool rotational speed (RS), tool traverse speed (TS) and tool tilt angle (TA) on the microstructures of friction stir processed AZ31B-O magnesium alloy. This investigation has focused on the microstructural changes occurred in the dynamically recrystallised nugget zone/ stir zone and the thermo mechanically affected zone during FSP. The results presented in this work indicate that all the three FSP process parameters have a significant effect on the resulting microstructure and also found that the rotational speed has greatly influenced the homogenization of the material. The grain refinement is higher at intermediate rotational speed (1150 rpm), traverse speed (32 mm / min and tilt angle (10). It is established that FSP can be a good grain refinement method for improving the properties of the material.
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Driver, Julian H., and Olaf Engler. "Design of Aluminum Rolling Processes for Foil, Sheet, and Plate." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000401.
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A large proportion of all aluminum alloys are used as rolled products in the form of sheet, foil or plate. In virtually all cases, the required properties of these materials are specific to the application such as microstructure, and thermal and mechanical properties. This article describes the fundamental relationship between composition, rolling process, microstructures, and properties and illustrates how rolling processes can be designed to achieve optimal application specific properties.
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Shabaniverki, Soheila, and S. Serajzadeh. "Microstructural Changes During Annealing of Aluminum Alloy: Modeling." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000226.
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Determination of microstructural events during heat treatment operations is an important task to obtain the desired microstructures and mechanical properties. Accordingly, during heat treatment of materials that have high stalking fault energy such as aluminum alloys, concurrent occurrence of recovery and recrystallization needs to be considered. On the other hand, the annealing processes may be performed under non-isothermal conditions in which a part of softening process is carried out during heating and/or cooling stage, particularly for the case of large-scale products. Thus, for estimation of softening fraction and microstructural events, different types of problems need to be taken into account such as the deformation analysis, the kinetics of metallurgical events, and heat conduction problem. In this entry, a combined analysis is discussed to manage the above-mentioned phenomena employing the finite element analysis together with cellular automata (CA) modeling. For this purpose, the distribution of plastic strain and the stored energy after cold rolling are determined utilizing finite element formulation, while they are considered as the initial conditions for the microstructural modeling. In the next stage, a two-dimensional CA coupled with a first-order equation is used to assess the softening rate, while a thermal finite element analysis is simultaneously employed to define temperature distribution during non-isothermal annealing. The model is then examined on softening behavior of cold-rolled AA1050 plate.
Conference papers on the topic "Microstructured cane"
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Sammouda, Marwa, Faouzi Bahloul, Philippe Di Bin, and Kyunghwan Oh. "LP11 Excitation Using Asymmetric Directional Coupler Based on Microstructured Cane." In 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473672.
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Sammouda, Marwa, Faouzi Bahloul, and Philippe Di Bin. "Asymmetric dual-core directional coupler based on microstructured air-silica cane." In 2017 19th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2017.8025108.
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Isobe, Yoshihiro, Junji Etoh, Mitsuyuki Sagisaka, Takashi Matsunaga, Paula Freyer, Frank Garner, and Taira Okita. "Ultrasonic NDE for Irradiation-Induced Material Degradations." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16850.
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We have developed a prediction model of ultrasonic wave changes caused by microstructural changes in 304 stainless steel based on the theory of ultrasonic wave propagation and experimental results. The correlation between microstructure and ultrasonic waves was simulated in the model with microstructure components such as grain boundaries, voids, precipitates and dislocations taken into account. Material parameters used for the prediction model were determined from the literature, microscopic observations, and experimental results obtained from archive materials. Calculations were performed assuming respective and integrated changes of irradiation-induced microstructures and spectrum changes of ultrasonic signals due to microstructural changes were evaluated. Calculations for archive material were also performed for validation, and the results were reasonably consistent with experimental data. It was found that by selecting appropriate indicators one can identify the nature of microstructures and quantify the microstructural changes due to irradiation.
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Li, Xiaolin, Zijiang Yang, L. Catherine Brinson, Alok Choudhary, Ankit Agrawal, and Wei Chen. "A Deep Adversarial Learning Methodology for Designing Microstructural Material Systems." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85633.
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In Computational Materials Design (CMD), it is well recognized that identifying key microstructure characteristics is crucial for determining material design variables. However, existing microstructure characterization and reconstruction (MCR) techniques have limitations to be applied for materials design. Some MCR approaches are not applicable for material microstructural design because no parameters are available to serve as design variables, while others introduce significant information loss in either microstructure representation and/or dimensionality reduction. In this work, we present a deep adversarial learning methodology that overcomes the limitations of existing MCR techniques. In the proposed methodology, generative adversarial networks (GAN) are trained to learn the mapping between latent variables and microstructures. Thereafter, the low-dimensional latent variables serve as design variables, and a Bayesian optimization framework is applied to obtain microstructures with desired material property. Due to the special design of the network architecture, the proposed methodology is able to identify the latent (design) variables with desired dimensionality, as well as capturing complex material microstructural characteristics. The validity of the proposed methodology is tested numerically on a synthetic microstructure dataset and its effectiveness for materials design is evaluated through a case study of optimizing optical performance for energy absorption. Additional features, such as scalability and transferability, are also demonstrated in this work. In essence, the proposed methodology provides an end-to-end solution for microstructural design, in which GAN reduces information loss and preserves more microstructural characteristics, and the GP-Hedge optimization improves the efficiency of design exploration.
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Elmer, J. W., and T. A. Palmer. "In-Situ Monitoring of Phase Transformations During Welding of Steels Using Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Diffraction Techniques." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62448.
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Understanding the evolution of microstructure in welds is an important goal of welding research because of the strong correlation between weld microstructure and weld properties. To achieve this goal it is important to develop a quantitative measure of phase transformations encountered during welding in order to ultimately develop methods for predicting weld microstructures from the characteristics of the welding process. To aid in this effort, synchrotron radiation methods have been developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for direct observations of microstructure evolution during welding. Using intense, highly collimated synchrotron radiation, the atomic structure of the weld heat affected and fusion zones can be probed in real time. Two synchrotron-based techniques have been developed for these investigations, known as spatially resolved (SRXRD) and time resolved (TRXRD) x-ray diffraction, and these techniques have been used to investigate welding induced phase transformations in titanium alloys, low alloy steels, and stainless steel alloys. This paper will provide a brief overview of the application of these methods to understand microstructural evolution during the welding of low carbon (AISI 1005) and medium carbon (AISI 1045) steels, where the different levels of carbon influence the starting microstructures and the evolution of microstructures during welding.
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Robbins, Joshua, and Pavel M. Chaplya. "Modeling of Nonlinear Material Behavior in Microstructurally Engineered Ferroelectric Ceramics." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43706.
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Ferroelectric ceramics can be tailored at the microscale to have an ordered arrangement of crystal axes. Such grain-oriented ceramics can exhibit material properties far superior to conventional ceramics with random microstructure. A microstructurally based numerical model has been developed that describes the 3D non-linear behavior of ferroelectric ceramics. The model resolves the polycrystalline structure directly in the topology of the problem domain. The developed model is used to predict the effect of microstructural modifications on material behavior. In particular, we examine the internal residual stress after poling for idealized configurations of random and grain-oriented microstructures. The results indicate that a grain-ordered microstructure produces a significant increase in remanent polarization without detriment to internal residual stress.
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Nelson, George J., Brice N. Cassenti, Aldo A. Peracchio, and Wilson K. S. Chiu. "An Analytical Method to Assess Microstructure in Li-Ion Battery Cathodes." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86996.
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The successful implementation of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices within a sustainable energy infrastructure is an inherently multi-scale problem that can benefit from device design at the nano- and micro-scales. These design efforts can be facilitated through the development of analytical models for assessing the merit of microstructural candidate designs. To this end, an analytical model has been developed based on an analogy between charge transport in the presence of electrochemical reactions and thermal fin analysis. This modeling approach provides a method for promptly evaluating microstructures that can be produced with established and novel fabrication techniques. This approach is applied to the assessment of Li-ion battery cathode microstructure by focusing on electronic transport within the solid cathode material. The influence of microstructural morphology on electrode performance is addressed for a set of common cathode materials and the microstructural design implications associated with these materials are discussed.
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Wu, Jing, Mohammad S. Alam, KM Rafidh Hassan, Jeffrey C. Suhling, and Pradeep Lall. "Investigation and Comparison of Aging Effects in SAC305 and Doped SAC+X Solders Exposed to Isothermal Aging." In ASME 2020 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2020-2695.
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Abstract Microstructural evolution occurs in lead free Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder joints exposed to isothermal aging. Such changes lead to degradations in the mechanical properties and creep behavior of the solder, and can result in dramatic reductions in the board level reliability of lead-free electronic assemblies subjected to aging. In our recent research, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been used to: (1) monitor aging induced microstructural changes occurring within fixed regions in selected lead-free solder joints, (2) create time-lapse imagery of the microstructure evolution, and (3) analyze the microstructural changes quantitatively and correlate to the observed mechanical behavior evolution. This approach has removed the limitations of many prior studies where aged and non-aged microstructures were taken from two different samples and could only be qualitatively compared. In our current study, the microstructural evolutions were observed in SAC305 (96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) and SAC_Q (SAC+Bi) exposed to isothermal conditions at T = 100 °C and 125 °C for several different regions from several different joints. The microstructures in several fixed regions of interest were recorded after predetermined time intervals of aging, which were 1 hour (up to 270 hours) and 250 hours (up to 7000 hours) for the long-term aging samples. The aging induced changes in microstructure have been correlated with the changes in mechanical behavior measured using uniaxial tensile testing. The area and diameter of each IMC particle were tracked during the aging process using the recorded images and imaging processing software. As expected, the analysis of the evolving SAC305 and SAC+X microstructures showed a significant amount of diffusion of silver and bismuth in the beta-tin matrix during aging. In particular, Ag3Sn particles coalesced during aging leading to a decrease in the number of particles. Any bismuth in the SAC+X microstructure was observed to quickly go into solution, resulting in solid solution strengthening. This primary occurred within the beta-Sn dendrites, but also in the Ag3Sn intermetallic rich regions between dendrites. The presence of bismuth in was also found to slow the diffusion process that coarsens the Ag3Sn IMC particles. The combination solid solution strengthening and a lower diffusion rate for Ag lead to reduced aging effects in the SAC+Bi alloy relative to the SAC305 solder alloy. The SAC_Q alloy was found to have significantly better high temperature mechanical properties relative to SAC305 at all prior aging conditions. In particular, the initial modulus and ultimate tensile strength of SAC305 experienced large degradations during high temperature aging, whereas the same properties of SAC_Q changed only slightly. These changes in mechanical behavior correlated well with the observed increases in the average IMC particle diameter and decreases in the number of IMC particles. The microstructural and material property degradations were especially large for SAC305 during the initial 50 hours of aging.
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Michopoulos, John G., Athanasios P. Iliopoulos, John C. Steuben, Andrew J. Birnbaum, Yao Fu, and Jeong-Hoon Song. "Towards Computational Synthesis of Microstructural Crystalline Morphologies for Additive Manufacturing Applications." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68149.
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Powder-based additive manufacturing technologies introduce severe variations in microstructure in terms of grain size and aspect ratio that, coupled with porosity, can result in dramatic effects on the functional (mechanical, thermal, fatigue, fracture etc.) performance of as-produced parts. In the context of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME), it is essential develop a computationally efficient approach for generating synthetic microstructural morphologies that reflect these process-induced features. In the present paper, we employ two methodologies for computing the evolution of metal solidification at the microstructural level as a function of process parameters associated with additive manufacturing. The first method is the Continuum Diffuse Interface Model (CDM) applied to an arbitrary material system, and the second, the Multi-Phase Field Model (MPFM) applied to pure nickel (Ni). We present examples of microstructures generated by these methods within the context of additive manufacturing.
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Li, Yan, and Min Zhou. "Prediction of Fracture Toughness via Microstructure-Level Simulations." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86342.
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Microstructural design is an important approach for enhancing material properties such as fracture toughness at the macroscopic scale. Tasks in this regard require systematic quantification of both microstructure and material response. We report the development of a multi-scale computational framework based on the cohesive finite element method (CFEM) for predicting fracture toughness of materials as a function of microstructure. The approach uses the J-integral to calculate the initiation/propagation fracture toughness, allowing explicit representation of realistic microstructures and fundamental fracture mechanisms. Calculations carried out concern both brittle and ductile materials and focus on the effects of constitute behavior, phase morphology, phase distribution, and size scale on fracture toughness. Based on the CFEM results, a semi-empirical model is developed to provide a quantitative relation between the propagation toughness and statistical measures of microstructure, fracture mechanisms, and constituent and interfacial properties. Both the CFEM calculations and model predictions show that microstructure and constituent properties can significantly influence the fracture behavior and combine to determine the overall fracture toughness through the activation of different fracture mechanisms. In particular, a combination of fine microstructure size scale, rounded reinforcement morphology, and appropriately balanced bonding strength and compliance can best promote desirable crack-reinforcement interactions and lead to enhanced propagation fracture toughness. The CFEM framework, phenomenological model and the relations obtained can be useful tools for the design of failure-resistant materials.
Reports on the topic "Microstructured cane"
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Thurston, Alison, Zoe Courville, Lauren Farnsworth, Ross Lieblappen, Shelby Rosten, John Fegyveresi, Stacy Doherty, Robert Jones, and Robyn Barbato. Microscale dynamics between dust and microorganisms in alpine snowpack. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40079.
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Dust particles carry microbial and chemical signatures from source regions to deposition regions. Dust and its occupying microorganisms are incorporated into, and can alter, snowpack physical properties including snow structure and resultant radiative and mechanical properties that in turn affect larger-scale properties, including surrounding hydrology and maneuverability. Microorganisms attached to deposited dust maintain genetic evidence of source substrates and can be potentially used as bio-sensors. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of dust-associated microbial deposition on snowpack and microstructure. As part of this effort, we characterized the microbial communities deposited through dust transport, examined dust provenance, and identified the microscale location and fate of dust within a changing snow matrix. We found dust characteristics varied with deposition event and that dust particles were generally embedded in the snow grains, with a small fraction of the dust particles residing on the exterior of the snow matrix. Dust deposition appears to retard expected late season snow grain growth. Both bacteria and fungi were identified in the collected snow samples.