Journal articles: 'Microstructured cane'

1

Li, Chuxin, Haoyu Dai, Can Gao, Ting Wang, Zhichao Dong, and Lei Jiang. "Bioinspired inner microstructured tube controlled capillary rise." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 10, 2019): 12704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821493116.

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Effective, long-range, and self-propelled water elevation and transport are important in industrial, medical, and agricultural applications. Although research has grown rapidly, existing methods for water film elevation are still limited. Scaling up for practical applications in an energy-efficient way remains a challenge. Inspired by the continuous water cross-boundary transport on the peristome surface ofNepenthes alata, here we demonstrate the use of peristome-mimetic structures for controlled water elevation by bending biomimetic plates into tubes. The fabricated structures have unique advantages beyond those of natural pitcher plants: bulk water diode transport behavior is achieved with a high-speed passing state (several centimeters per second on a milliliter scale) and a gating state as a result of the synergistic effect between peristome-mimetic structures and tube curvature without external energy input. Significantly, on further bending the peristome-mimetic tube into a “candy cane”-shaped pipe, a self-siphon with liquid diode behavior is achieved. Such a transport mechanism should inspire the design of next generation water transport devices.

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Sammouda, Marwa, Faouzi Bahloul, and Philippe Di Bin. "Spatial mode converter of higher order modes by coupling between two different fibers inserted in a microstructured cane." Optical Fiber Technology 66 (October 2021): 102652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2021.102652.

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Sammouda, Marwa, Faouzi Bahloul, and Philippe Di Bin. "Numerical analysis of the LP01 mode excitation in a dual-core directional coupler based on two different fibers inserted in a microstructured cane." Journal of Optics 20, no. 8 (July 5, 2018): 085602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aacd67.

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Kuc, Dariusz, Jerzy Gawąd, and Maciej Pietrzyk. "Multiscale CAFE Modelling of Dynamic Recrystallization." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2567.

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The paper is focused on application of multi-scale 2D CAFE method. CAFE approach consists of Cellular Automata (CA) model of microstructure development and the thermal-mechanical finite element (FE) code. Dynamic recrystallization phenomenon is taken into account in 2D CA model which takes advantage of explicit representation of microstructure, including individual grains and grain boundaries. Flow stress is the main material parameter in mechanical part of FE and is calculated on the basis of average dislocation density obtained from CA model. The results attained from the CAFE model were validated with the experimental data for austenitic steel X3CrNi18-9. The samples were subjected to axisymmetrical hot compression test. Compression forces were recorded during the tests and flow stresses were determined using inverse method. Light microscopy and EBSD analyses were performed for the initial and final microstructures of the samples.

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Yu, Xiao Jian, Ya Lin Lu, Fu Xian Zhu, and Xing Cheng Li. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy by Low Pressure Casting." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.319.

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Automobile wheel of A356 alloy was cast by low pressure casting process. The effect of heat treatment process on microstructures and mechanical properties of A356 alloy cast was discussed. The results indicated that optimal parameters of heat treatment process for A356 alloy included solution temperature of 535°Cand holding time of 4.5hours, aging temperature of 145°Cand holding time of 4hours. Ultimate strength of A356 is 270MPa and elongation rate is 10%. Meanwhile, the microstructure has been apparently improved. The eutectic silicon particle became more spheroidal and distributed uniformly in matrix.

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Zhao, Zhong Min, Long Zhang, Shuan Jie Wang, and Min Quan Wang. "Multiscale and Multilevel Composite of Solidified TiC-TiB₂ with Ti-6Al-4V Achieved by Fusion Bonding in High-Gravity Field." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.136.

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By putting Ti-6Al-4V plate at the bottom of the blend of (Ti+B4C) and the high-energy thermit, a novel laminated composite of TiC-TiB2 ceramic to Ti alloy is achieved by combustion synthesis in high-gravity field, and within the joint there presents multiscale and multilevel microstructures characterized by size and distribution of TiB2 and TiB phases, thereby showing microstructure evolution rather than a clear interface from the ceramic to Ti alloy. The reasons for the unique microstructures in the joint came is considered a result of fusion bonding and atomic interdiffusion between liquid TiC-TiB2 and liquid Ti in thermal vacuum circumstances, followed by a series of metallurgical reaction including peritectic reaction of TiB2 solid and Ti liquid, direct growth of TiB from Ti liquid and subsequent eutectic reaction of TiB and Ti, so a continuously-graded microstructure consisting of the multiphases in size from micrometer to nanometer is eatablieshed in the joint.

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Li, Wei Li, Xiao Chen Liu, and Jun Ci Cao. "Influence of Carbon Content on Fe-Cu Alloy Material Performance in Induction Motor with Compound Cage Rotor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1223.

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New type Fe-Cu alloy is used in the bar of induction motor with compound cage rotor(IMCCR). In this paper, the preparation of three kinds of Fe-Cu alloy is introduced. The influence of its microstructures, hardness and impact toughness is studied by using metalloscope and scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile, physical propertie such as resistivity, and B-H curve is tested by using magnetic testing device and bridge circuit. The influence of carbon content changing on microstructure and performance of Fe-Cu alloy is analysised, which has positive significance to the new type material using in motor.

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Gupta, Chandan Kumar, A. K. Sachan, and Rakesh Kumar. "Examination of Microstructure of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash and Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash Blended Cement Mortar." Sugar Tech 23, no. 3 (March 14, 2021): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00934-8.

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Liu, Na, Zhou Li, Wen Yong Xu, Liang Zheng, and Yang Liu. "Fabrication and Properties of Gas Atomized Gamma Titanium Aluminide Powders and PM Processing." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.328.

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Pre-alloyed gamma titanium aluminide powders were fabricated by argon gas atomization. The powder was hot isostatic pressed (HIP) at 1200°Cand 150MPa for 3h to obtain full density compact. The properties of the powders and the HIP’ed compacts were investigated in this work. The microstructure of the powder exhibited dendrite and cellular mixed image, resulted from rapid solidification and independent of particle size. The microstructural transition from cell to dendrite could be readily represented in a droplet or the droplets of different size. The transition was the result of the decrease of undercooling. XRD analysis result showed that the powder consisted of α2 phase and γ phase, coarse powder was mostly γ phase, while fine powder mostly α2 phase. After HIP, the near gamma microstructure showed an average γ-TiAl grains of approximately 6μm.

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Abd Elhameed Hussein, Asma, Nasir Shafiq, Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin, and Fareed Ahmed Memon. "Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash Concrete." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7, no. 12 (March 29, 2014): 2569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.569.

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11

Kemp, Connor, and Gary Scavone. "Microstructure Contributions to Vibrational Damping and Identification of Damage Mechanisms in Arundo Donax L: Reed Cane for Woodwind Instruments." MRS Advances 2, no. 35-36 (2017): 1869–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.223.

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ABSTRACTNatural cane reeds (Latin name Arundo Donax L and here termed ADL) have been used on woodwind instruments for centuries with little change. The reed acts as a mechanical valve controlling the energy input into the musical instrument and it is the musician’s first option for altering the instrument’s sound and response characteristics. Despite this, their consistency, variable performance, durability and sensitivity to ambient conditions make it difficult for the musician to find and maintain a reed that responds to their liking. Thus it is desirable to examine the material, microstructural and anatomical properties of the reed and their contributions to vibrational performance with input from mechanical engineers, materials scientists and musicians.The current study is part of an on-going research project, and this paper presents preliminary results. In the present work raw samples of ADL obtained from a manufacturer in pre-cut form are sectioned into longitudinal and transverse specimens for mechanical characterization. Prior to testing, samples are conditioned using an incubation system to 37 degrees Celsius and 90% relative humidity, mimicking in-use conditions of the reed. Initial microstructure analysis of each specimen is completed using optical microscopy to quantify fiber spatial arrangement, size and the existence of micro-cracks along the fiber-matrix interface. X-ray diffraction is also used to quantify the fraction of crystalline cellulose present in each sample. Specimens are then excited over a specific frequency range similar to that of in-use reeds using pressure waves in a non-contact setup. Values of internal friction are obtained as logarithmic decrement values for frequency-dependent decay. One set of specimens is then subjected to cyclic mechanical loading at low frequency (< 1Hz) and stresses up to 15MPa. The other set is maintained at the given environmental conditions using the incubator and aged through temperature and humidity cycling. Comparisons of post-testing microstructure damage and internal friction measurements are then completed to delineate specific degradation mechanisms due to mechanical/fatigue deterioration and moisture cycling. Internal friction is found to be dependent on both frequency, moisture and cyclic loading. Furthermore, the existence of microstructural cracks contributes to increasing decrement values at high frequencies in both fatigued and moisture cycled samples. Statistically significant correlations are discovered between logarithmic decrement and vascular bundle orientation at 700 Hz and logarithmic decrement and parenchyma cell diameter at 1000 Hz. Reductions in internal friction below 400 Hz indicate a decreasing loss modulus (E’’) with increased moisture cycles, although this trend will be tested against a larger sample set in further work.

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Liu, Zhi Xue, and Ju Qiang Cheng. "Microstructure and Properties and Wear Resistant of Carbide Free Bainitic Casting Steel." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1056.

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The microstructure and properties and wear resistant of carbide free bainitic casting steel were studied by using of OM, TEM, XRD, impact test and abrasion test. The results showed that after normalizing at 1080°C and tempering at low temperature the microstructures consisted of bainitic ferrite, remaining austenite and no carbides with combination properties of strength and toughness. After tempering at 250°C the tensile strength was 1667MPa, Rockwell hardness HRC49 and impact ductility AKU 36J, respectively. This new casting steel by normalizing at 1080°Cand tempering at 200°C had better wear resistance than that of high manganese steel under the same test conditions, moreover the reason was analyzed.

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Zhou, Xin Gui, Shuang Zhao, Paul Mummery, and James Marrow. "Studying SiC/SiC Composites by X-Ray Tomography." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.416.

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Continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites (SiC/SiC) have been studied and developed for high temperature applications and nuclear applications. In this study, SiC/SiC composites were fabricated via polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) process and studied by X-ray tomography. The SiC/SiC composites were first scanned using a Metris X-tek 320 kV source at the Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility at the University of Manchester, the closed porosities were investigated after three dimensional (3D) imaging of the samples. Furthermore, high-resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography was applied to the SiC/SiC composite at Diamond Light Source. Digital volume correlation was employed for Hertzian indentation testing of the SiC/SiC composite, quantifying damage by measurement of the displacement fields within the material. A Cellular Automata integrated with Finite Elements (CAFE) method was developed to account for the effect of microstructure on the fracture behavior of the SiC/SiC composite. Graded microstructures, textures and multiple phases were simulated and a mesh-free framework was developed to compute the damage development through the microstructure. The results indicated that we could study the development of discontinuous cracking and damage coalescence, and its sensitivity to microstructure with this method.

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14

Long, Yan, Yu Lan Gong, Shi Ying Ren, Xiao Xiang Wu, and Xin Kun Zhu. "Effects of Annealing on Mechanical Properties in Ultrafine-Grained Cu–Al Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.363.

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Abstract. The mechanical properties and microstructure of an ultrafine-grained Cu–Al alloy before and after annealing are investigated. Ultrafine-grained Cu–Al alloy samples are processed by means of rolling at ambient temperature and rolling reduction exceeds 90%. It is found that the strength of ultrafine-grained Cu–Al alloy increased rather than decreased after annealing for 1 h in the temperature range between150°Cand 300°C.Based on the microstructures observation of samples, it can be known that both the grain size and dislocation density have main effects on hardening of ultrafine-grained Cu–Al alloy which result from annealing. These investigations showed that the annealing hardening effect can be explained by the change of dislocation density and twin density.

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Zhu, Jian Feng, Ji Qiang Gao, Fen Wang, and Ping Chen. "Influence of Pr₆O₁₁ on the Characteristics and Microstructure of Zinc Varistors." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.500.

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The influence of the amount of Pr6O11 additions on the microstructure and electrical properties of varistors ceramics in the ZnO-Bi2O3 system was investigated. Samples with a low level of Pr6O11 (0.1wt %) have high microstructural homogeneity, which enhances the nonlinear coefficient greatly, and decreases the leakage current without change of voltage ratio. When the Pr6O11 content reached 7wt%, the ZnO grain growth was restricted and the threshold voltage was improved from 275v/mm to 440v/mm. The additive of Pr6O11 changed the process of creating spinel phase, which came from the decomposition of pyrochlore phase. This type of small size phase has more dragging force on the ZnO crystal, which make the whole materials more uniform and compact.

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16

Chuaiphan, Wichan, Loeshpahn Srijaroenpramong, and Dumrongrit Pinpradub. "The Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 4140 for Base Cutter Cane Harvester." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1059.

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The effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 4140 for base cutter cane harvester were studied. The effect of heat treatment - i.e. the different quenching medium (water, oil and air mediums) and the different heat treatment condition (quenching, quenching+tempering, cover scrap cast iron+ quenching and cover scrap cast iron+ quenching+tempering) on the on microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness, impact toughness and bend test). The material AISI 4140 was purchased from local market in Thailand and an emission spectroscopy was applied to quantify the amount of elements in steel. The specimens were heat treated in an induction furnace. The resultant microstructure of materials AISI 4140 consists of martensite and retained austenite after quenching all mediums, which quenching in water it have more than in oil and air medium respectively. The microstructure of materials AISI 4140 after tempering process consists of bainitic structure (ferrite and epsilon carbide) and retained austenite, which tempering in water quenching condition it have more than in oil and air quenching condition respectively. The hardness, impact toughness and bended test are according to behavior heat transfer of quenching mediums. The material alloy steel grade AISI 4140 is the good candidates to promote the quenching in water ,oil and air medium and must be continuous to tempering process. The technique heating by cover scrape cast iron it was good for protected surface and decreased decarburization on surface of steels. But it is not necessary for control microstructure and mechanical properties.

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Kairytė, Agnė, Sylwia Członka, Renata Boris, and Sigitas Vėjelis. "Evaluation of the Performance of Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam with High Amounts of Sunflower Press Cake Particles." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 5475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195475.

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In the current study, rigid polyurethane foam (PUR) was modified with 10–30 wt.% sunflower press cake (SFP) filler, and its effect on performance characteristics—i.e., rheology, characteristic foaming times, apparent density, thermal conductivity, compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to the foaming directions, tensile strength, and short-term water absorption by partial immersion—was evaluated. Microstructural and statistical analyses were implemented as well. During the study, it was determined that 10–20 wt.% SFP filler showed the greatest positive impact. For instance, the thermal conductivity value improved by 9% and 17%, respectively, while mechanical performance, i.e., compressive strength, increased by 11% and 28% in the perpendicular direction and by 43% and 67% in the parallel direction. Moreover, tensile strength showed 49% and 61% increments, respectively, at 10 wt.% and 20 wt.% SFP filler. Most importantly, SFP filler-modified PUR foams were characterised by two times lower water absorption values and improved microstructures with a reduced average cell size and increased content in closed cells.

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Li, Qi Zhong, and Qi Chang Li. "Densification Mechanism of Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.196.

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SnO2 ceramics were synthesized by SPS. Phase compositions and microstructures are examined by XRD, SEM and EDS, respectively. Sb2O3 used in our research were beneficial to lower the sintering temperature and promote the densification of SnO2 ceramics. The SEM results show a homogeneous microstructure is approached consistent with the density measurement at 850-1000 °C. The XRD show all antimony ions came into the lattice of SnO2 to substitute for tin ions when the content of Sb2O3 are 0.1-2.5 mol%. The grain boundary are no SnO and Sb2O3, only SnO2. The mechanism of SPS sintering process is the local high temperature to produce the abnormal growth of the grain, and evaporation-condensation; and solid solution of Sb3+ go into the SnO2 lattice produce oxygen vacancy to promote densification

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Das, S., M. F. Abbod, Q. Zhu, Eric J. Palmiere, I. C. Howard, D. A. Linkens, and C. M. Sellars. "A Hybrid Modelling Approach Applied to the Evolution of Microstructure during Plane Strain Deformation." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.416.

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This paper presents a modelling strategy that combines neuro-fuzzy methods to dene the material model with cellular automata representations of the microstructure, all embedded within a nite element solver that can deal with the large deformations of metal processing technology. We use the acronymnf-CAFE as a label for the method. The need for such an approach arises from the twin demands of computational speed for quick solutions for ecient material characterisation by incorporating metallurgical knowledge for material design models and subsequent process control. In this strategy, the cellular automata hold the microstructural features in terms of sub-grain size and dislocation density which are modelled by a neuro-fuzzy system that predicts the ow stress. The proposed methodology is validated on a two dimensional (2D) plane strain compression nite element simulation with Al1%Mg alloy. Results from the simulations show the potential of the model for incorporating the eects of the underlying microstructure on the evolving ow stress elds. In doing this, the paper highlights the importance of understanding the local transition rules that aect the global behaviour during deformation.

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Lahoda, Jiri, and Michal Zemko. "Mathematical Models of Ultra-Fine Grained Materials Based on Dissipation Normal Form." Advanced Materials Research 1127 (October 2015): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1127.55.

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Dissipation normal form (DNF) is a special system structure which originally came from the signal and system theory. It was derived from natural requirements of some form of an abstract energy conservation law validity. Strong nonlinearities brought into the DNF parameters can cause complex irregular oscillations of the system. Such a system is used as a generator of numerical sequencies whose properties are useful for mathematical modelling of irregularities in real fine and ultra-fine grained metal microstructures. The particular metal grains are modelled as the Gaussian curve with a 2-dimensional domain and their partial properties such as their height, width, position in the surface, elongation in a certain direction etc. can be chaotically modified. A certain part of grains can be modified separately by irregular splitting their area etc. It allows defining the individual components surface percentage to meet important statistical properties of the real material with complicated structure. In the contribution there it is shown that the presented mathematical model approximates real multiphase microstructure quite well and using DNF with strong nonlinearities represents approach with good prospects to mathematical modelling of metal microstructures including complex ones.

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Das, S., Eric J. Palmiere, and I. C. Howard. "Modelling Recrystallisation during Thermomechanical Processing Using CAFE." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.623.

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A common feature that stimulates modelling efforts across the various physical sciences is that complex microscopic behaviour underlies apparently simple macroscopic effects. Mathematical formulations attempt to capture the initial and evolving microstructural entities either implicitly or explicitly and link their effects to measurable macroscopic variables such as load or stress by averaging out any microscopic fluctuations. The implicit formulations that ignore the inherent spatial heterogeneity in the deforming domain form the basis of constitutive models for input to finite element (FE) systems. On the other hand, explicit formulations to capture and link microstructural entities rely on narrowing down the size of each finite element, thereby increasing the number of finite elements in the deforming domain, an effect accompanied by a rapid growth in computational time. The model described here, Cellular Automata based Finite Elements (CAFE), utilises the Cellular Automata technique to represent initial and evolving microstructural features (e.g., dislocation densities, grain sizes, etc.) in C-Mn steels at an appropriate length scale by linking the macro-scale process variables obtained using an overlying finite element mesh. Differences will be illustrated between single and two-pass hot rolling experiments.

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Chen, Limiao, and Xinyan Feng. "Synthesis and characterization of V2O5/BiVO4 cake-like microstructures." Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 55, no. 4 (February 1, 2019): 1067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41779-019-00319-5.

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23

Zhang, Ling, Yuan Chen, Chang Bin Xia, Fan Gao, Ying Zhu, Chen Lin Dai, and Jun Liu. "Effects of Conditioners on Dewatering Properties of Sludge and its Microstructure Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2461.

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In order to study the sludge microstructure and dewatering performance, the sludge was treated using different conditioners, the same conditioner in a different dosage, the same formula in a different proportion and different order of adding conditioners. The microstructure of dehydrated sludge was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The relationship between the sludge dewatering properties and microstructure characteristics was discussed. It was proven that the different dehydration performance correspond to the different morphology. The better dewatering performance shows more pore at the surface of sludge cake.Contractly, the sludge cake with poor dewatering perform a dense surface, even membranous. Therefore, there is a certain of relationship between the microstructure of sludge cake and its dehydration performance.

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Bourgeois, Florent S., and Geoffrey J. Lyman. "Morphological analysis and modelling of fine coal filter cake microstructure." Chemical Engineering Science 52, no. 7 (April 1997): 1151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(96)00475-7.

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Hornbogen, Erhard. "Contribution of Electron Microscopy to Structural Materials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010017880x.

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Structural materials are expected to fulfil mechanical functions, for example in bridges, crank shafts, turbine blades, or medical implants. In use, high strength is aspired at low materials weight. The structure should be safe and the costs of the material, semi—finished products, or parts should be low. The term strength implies the resistance of a material against plastic deformation, as well as against propagation of cracks (i. e. toughness). Safety is connected with the control of various mechanisms of crack growth such as rupture, fatigue, and stress corrosion cracking. Finally, interaction of surfaces will induce a frictional shear stress, which may cause wear. The life of structures is usually limited by mechanical failure, which may become catastrophic, if it is unexpected due to lack of understanding of structural materials.The specific weight of materials predominantly stems from the kind of atoms from which the material is built. The properties implied in strength are mainly related to microstructure. There are only two types of phases of which materials are built: crystals and glasses (if the quasicrystals are neglected, for which applications have not yet been found). Metals are usually crystalline. Their strength is closely related to the properties of crystal dislocations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the major tool for their investigation. Resistance against plastic deformation (i. e. yield stress) is controlled by elements of the microstructure, which act as obstacles against their motion. These microstructural features and their interaction with dislocations can also be analysed by TEM. It is reasonable to classify microstructural objects according to their geometrical dimensions 0 ≤ d ≤ 3. They become hardening mechanisms which are the ways by which the yield strength (i. e. load carrying ability of a material canb be raised).

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Shuai, Gewang, Meng Zhang, and Yongli Yan. "THE EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ON Cr PRECIPITATIONS IN A Cu-0.8WT%Cr ALLOY." Image Analysis & Stereology 23, no. 2 (May 3, 2011): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v23.p137-141.

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The microstructural evolution of Cu-based alloys during aging was studied using a quantitative metallographic method. Samples were cut from ingots of Cu-0.8wt%Cr and Cu-0.8wt%Cr-RE alloys. These were solution treated at 1000 ºC for 1.5h and subsequently quenched in water, then separately aged at 480 ºC for different durations. The microstructures were observed by optical microscope, and the characteristic geometric parameters of precipitated Cr phase, including volume fraction VV, face density NA, mean diameter and roundness, were measured. These data provided more details about the process of aging. The results showed that precipitation of Cr phase occurred in the form of particles during aging. Rare earth elements promoted the precipitation of Cr phase and dispersed Cr particles. The phenomenon of overaging came earlier in Cu-Cr-RE than in Cu-Cr. In the present work, the optimal aging time at 480 ºC was 2 hrs for the Cu-0.8wt%Cr-RE alloy and 3 hours for the Cu-0.8wt%Cr alloy.

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CHRZANOWSKI, MARCIN, and KRZYSZTOF NOWAK. "ON MULTISCALE MODELLING OF CREEP DAMAGE BY MEANS OF CELLULAR AUTOMATA." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 01, no. 03n04 (July 2009): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973709000153.

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Deterioration of the materials, particularly metals under environmental conditions such as high temperature, alternating loading and chemical aggression is an example of processes which happen on the microstructure levels but project themselves upon macroscopically observed behaviour of materials and structures. This connection between both levels of observation was obvious to many researches, even if they aimed at macroscopic description on the level of continuum mechanics. The wisdom of micro- and macro-coupling was induced by a very complex nature of microstructural processes which demonstrated themselves as transgranular or intergranular failures, just to mention two typical modes of creep failure. The gap between micro- and macro-world was a challenge to both material science and mechanics societies throughout the second half of 20th century. A proposed method to cover this gap for polycrystalline materials is based on Cellular Automata (CA) technique well suited to be used on the microscopic level and giving responses relevant to macroscopic observations. It allows for microstructure modelling to distinguish grains and grain boundaries. Once it is done, a cellular automaton can be attributed to the Representative Volume Element (RVE) and failure mechanism described on the basis of appropriate transition rules. Examples of transgranular and intergranular creep damage growth are demonstrated. This procedure can be extended over the feedback from micro-level to macro-level leading to the formation of so-called CAFE technique.

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Castaldelli, Vinicius N., Mauro M. Tashima, José Luiz P. Melges, Jorge L. Akasaki, J. M. Monzó, M. V. Borrachero, Lourdes Soriano, and J. Payá. "Preliminary Studies on the use of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) in the Manufacture of Alkali Activated Binders." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.689.

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Alkali activated binders require the addition of a mineral-rich amorphous silica and alumina. This paper proposes the use of a mineral residue from the burning of sugar cane bagasse. The alkali activated mixtures were prepared containing binary mixtures of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) and other mineral admixtures: fly ash (FA) or blast furnace slag (BFS). As alkaline activators, mixtures of alkali (Na+ or K+) hydroxide and alkali (Na+ or K+) silicate were used. Alkali-activated pastes and mortars containing binary systems SCBA/FA or SCBA/BFS were prepared and cured at 65 oC. Microstructural properties of these alternative binders were assessed by means of TGA, SEM, XRD and pH measurements. Mechanical strength of mortars was performed after 3 and 7 days at 65 oC. Compressive mechanical strengths of these mortars were in the range 30-55 MPa, showing the good mechanical performance achieved by the alkali activation. Microstructural studies suggested the development of stable matrices and the formation of typical gel.

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Teixeira, Ronaldo Soares, G. H. D. Tonoli, S. F. Santos, Juliano Fiorelli, Holmer Savastano, and F. A. Rocco Lahr. "Extruded Cement Based Composites Reinforced with Sugar Cane Bagasse Fibres." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.450.

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The extrusion process can produce composites with high-density matrix and fibre packing, low permeability and fibre matrix bond strengthening. This process is also compatible with the use of vegetable fibres as raw materials in the production of cost-effective construction elements such as ceiling panels. Sugar cane bagasse fibres (SCF), one of the largest cellulosic agroindustrial by-products of sugar and alcohol industry available in Brazil, are a renewable resource usually used as a biomass fuel for the boilers. The remaining bagasse is still a source of contamination to the environment, so there is a great interest on exploiting novel applications to sugar cane bagasse fibres. In this work, the effect of SCF on extruded cementitious composite performance was evaluated. Three different contents of SCF were considered, using cellulose pulp as secondary micro-reinforcement to improve the resistance to the appearance of microcracks. Composites were prepared using a laboratory Auger extruder with vacuum chamber and were tested after 28 days of water curing and after 200 accelerated ageing cycles. Modulus of rupture (MOR) and Tenacity (TE) of extruded composites were assessed by four point bending test. Water absorption and apparent volume were determined by water immersion. Microstructure behavior was evaluated by mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the introduction of larger fibres increased tenacity (TE) at 28 days and favored a higher amount of macropores (0.1 to 1 mm); SEM observations confirmed that fibre degradation occurred after 200 cycles.

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Xu, Qing, Tao Ji, San-Ji Gao, Zhengxian Yang, and Nengsen Wu. "Characteristics and Applications of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash Waste in Cementitious Materials." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010039.

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Sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) is an abundant byproduct of the sugar and ethanol industry. SCBA is generally used as a fertilizer or is disposed of in landfills, which has led to intensified environmental concerns. In recent years, SCBA research has mainly been focused on utilization in construction materials due to the abundance and pozzolanic characteristics of SCBA. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art morphology, physical properties, chemical composition, and mineralogical composition of SCBA is presented. Studies indicate that SCBA is a potentially promising construction material. The applications of SCBA as a pozzolanic material, a new source for preparing alkali-activated binders, aggregates, and fillers in construction materials, are summarized. The impacts of SCBA on fresh and hardened concrete properties are highlighted, including the physical properties, mechanical strength, microstructure, and durability. Key factors that govern pozzolanic activity are discussed in detail, including calcination and recalcination temperatures, and durations, fineness, loss on ignition (LOI), and crystal silicon dioxide. Finally, further research on the optimal and broad utilization of SCBA in construction materials is recommended.

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Wang, Miao, Zhongchao Jin, Mengjie Liu, Guoqing Jiang, Hongbin Lu, Qiuxiang Zhang, Jianfeng Ju, and Yanfeng Tang. "Nanoplate-assembled hierarchical cake-like ZnO microstructures: solvothermal synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties." RSC Advances 7, no. 52 (2017): 32528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03849f.

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32

Díaz-Ramírez, Mayra, Georgina Calderón-Domínguez, Ma de la Paz Salgado-Cruz, José J. Chanona-Pérez, José A. Andraca-Adame, and Pablo D. Ribotta. "Sponge cake microstructure, starch retrogradation and quality changes during frozen storage." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 51, no. 8 (July 4, 2016): 1744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13081.

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Darmo, Sujita, Sinarep Sinarep, and Rudy Soenoko. "A study of the pack carburizing quenching treatment with cane molasses cooling medium effect on the wear resistance of low carbon steel." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 12 (110) (April 30, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.228627.

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In the present study, various quenching media were added as cooling media for the quenching after pack carburizing treatment. The aim of this research is to get a suitable cooling medium for pack carburizing quenching treatment to increase the wear resistance of low carbon steel. Many cylindrical specimens for the adhesion wear tests were prepared from the used SS400 steel according to ASTM G99-04 specifications. Two heat treatment processes, namely pack carburizing and quenching were done. Firstly, the specimens are pack-carburized at a temperature of 875 °C, soaking time of 2 hours and quenched. The carburizing agent consists of Pinctada maxima shell powder (PMSP) and corn cob charcoal with a weight ratio of 30:70 %. Different cooling media (water, 10 % NaCl solution, 10 % cane molasses) in the pack carburizing quenching treatment are subjected to different kinds of tests. The hardness test was performed using Vickers micro hardness tester, the wear resistance was used in adhesive wear test, the carbon content was determined and microstructure examination was made using a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). The result showed that all cooling media contributed to an increase in mechanical properties (surface hardness number, wear resistance), carbon content and microstructure change. The use of cooling media in the pack carburizing quenching process generally increases the surface hardness number of the specimen. The highest surface hardness number was 595 kg/mm2, respectively using 10 % cane molasses. The work shows that cane molasses can be used as a cooling medium for pack carburizing quenching of SS400 steel and contributed to the improvement of wear resistance

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Madej, Łukasz, Peter D. Hodgson, and Maciej Pietrzyk. "Comparison of the Strain Distribution Obtained from Multi Scale and Conventional Approaches to Modelling Extrusion." Solid State Phenomena 129 (November 2007): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.129.25.

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An investigation of the application of a multi scale CAFE model to prediction of the strain localization phenomena in industrial processes, such as extrusion, is presented in this work. Extrusion involves the formation of a strong strain localization zone, which influences the final product microstructure and may lead to a coarse grain layer close to the surface. Modelling of the shape of this zone and prediction of the strain magnitude will allow computer aided design of the extrusion process and optimisation of the technological parameters with respect to the microstructure and properties of the products. Thus, the particular objective of this work is comparison of the FE and CAFE predictions of strain localization in the shear zone area in extrusion. Advantages and disadvantages of the developed CAFE model are also discussed on the basis of the simulation results.

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Zhao, Mei, Hong Xin Wang, Guang Can Jin, and Jian Hua Yu. "Research on the Nanophase Reinforce Cu Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.143.

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The microstructure of as-cast state and as-aged of a Cu-0.43Cr-0.22Zr-0.092Mg alloy were analysized by TEM and HRTEM, and the formation mechanics of nanophase during heat treatment were discussed. The research showed that precipitations came from the microstructure of casting alloy which adjacent streak spacing were 1.2nm after aging, which obeyed the Nishyama-Wasserman orientation relationship with the matrix.

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Sun, Zhi Xian, Xiao Zheng, Guo Xiang Lin, and Xiao Cong Ren. "Research on Fractal Permeability Model for Cold-Pressed Oil Cake." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 1607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1607.

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Aiming at cold-pressed oil cakes of linseed and sunflower seed, the pore fractal characteristics of microstructures have been studied. By combining Hagen-Poiseuille equation with fractal theory, a fractal permeability model for oil cake has been developed. The permeability of linseed and sunflower seed cakes under cold-pressed condition has been measured. It was found that the relative average errors are 12.8% and 16.8% for the soybean cake and sunflower seed cake respectively by comparing the result from the model calculation and experiment.

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Lee, Sang Yul, and Sang Yong Lee. "A Study on the Microstructural Defects in Slots of Thixoformed Copper Rotor." Solid State Phenomena 116-117 (October 2006): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.300.

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Cu-Ca alloys and the squirrel cage rotors for induction motors of small capacities were used for the development of thixoforming processes. Processing conditions, motor efficiency and forming defects in macro- and microscale for thixoforming of Cu-Ca rotors have been performed to investigate the microstructural features and the filling phenomena in slots of squirrel cage rotor. Inadequate filling due to the complexity of slot structure, separation of solidified metal from the slot, porosities and phase inhomogenitites were typical microstructural defects found in thixoformed Cu-Ca rotors. Exact flow control in terms of billet and die temperatures at slot gate especially, was necessary to prevent significant defects such as incomplete filling of slot.

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Xiong, Zheng, Zhu Xi, and Zhang Li Jun. "Preparation and Electromagnetic Property of Hexagonal W-Type Ferrite Obtained by the Sol-Gel Method." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1044.

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Hexagonal W-type ferrite BaZn0.6Co1.4Fe16O27 was prepared by the sol-gel method. The formation, microstructure, element composition and phases were analyzed by TG-DTA, SEM, EDS and XRD. The electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption capability were measured by the microwave vector network analyzer. The results showed that the reflection loss of the ferrite BaZn0.6Co1.4Fe16O27 in the spectrum of 8-18GHz came up to -10dB and came up to -20dB in the spectrum of 9.5-16.4GHz.

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Podany, Pavel, Jan Džugan, and Josef Vacik. "Construction of Hammer for Sugarcane Shredder." Advanced Materials Research 811 (September 2013): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.811.308.

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Article deals with construction of hammer for cane shredder. Function of hammer in shredder consists in crushing sugarcane stalks for further processing in sugar production. Hammer loading and other calculations were made. Four weld deposit materials were suggested for protection of hammer against wear and dynamic loading. All samples with weld deposit were subjected to microstructure evaluation, chemical analysis, high speed impact testing and tribological PIN-on-DISC test for estimation of wear resistance. One weld deposit material was recommended as a result of these tests.

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Davydov, Evgenii Ya, Andrei P. Vorotnikov, Vladimir P. Pustoshnyi, and Georgii B. Pariiskii. "Application of radical cage reactions in studies of microstructures of polymers and composites." Russian Chemical Reviews 69, no. 10 (October 31, 2000): 899–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2000v069n10abeh000604.

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41

Rufford, Thomas E., Denisa Hulicova-Jurcakova, Kiran Khosla, Zhonghua Zhu, and Gao Qing Lu. "Microstructure and electrochemical double-layer capacitance of carbon electrodes prepared by zinc chloride activation of sugar cane bagasse." Journal of Power Sources 195, no. 3 (February 2010): 912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.048.

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42

Morales, E. V., E. Villar-Cociña, M. Frías, S. F. Santos, and H. Savastano. "Effects of calcining conditions on the microstructure of sugar cane waste ashes (SCWA): Influence in the pozzolanic activation." Cement and Concrete Composites 31, no. 1 (January 2009): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.10.004.

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Lin, Chia-Ying, Chun-Ching Hsiao, Po-Quan Chen, and Scott J. Hollister. "Interbody Fusion Cage Design Using Integrated Global Layout and Local Microstructure Topology Optimization." Spine 29, no. 16 (August 2004): 1747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000134573.14150.1a.

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Wei, Yupeng, Kangyou Zhong, Tiantian Jiang, Junwei Zhang, Kaiqi Bi, Linqi Li, and Yong Peng. "Gumdrop-cake-like CuNi/C nanofibers with tunable microstructure for microwave absorbing application." Ceramics International 46, no. 8 (June 2020): 11406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.171.

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45

Hesso, Nesrin, Catherine Garnier, Catherine Loisel, Sylvie Chevallier, Brigitte Bouchet, and Alain Le-Bail. "Formulation effect study on batter and cake microstructure: Correlation with rheology and texture." Food Structure 5 (July 2015): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foostr.2015.03.002.

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46

Jin, He Rong, Xu Kun Yang, You Wei Cui, and Ya Li Yi. "Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Stainless Clad Plate." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.61.

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The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of Q345R/304 clad plate was studied. The microstructure of the base layer was analyzed by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope, and mechanical properties such as tensile, shear and impact were investigated after heat treatment. The chromium content in the compound interface was analyzed after heat treatment through spectrum analysis technology. The results show that heat treatment affects the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of stainless clad plate significantly. After air cooling, the microstructure of the base layer consi+sts of ferrite and pearlite, the strength of clad plate is low, and the corrosion resistance is poor. After oil cooling to 450°Cand air cooling, the microstructure of the base layer consists of bainite, ferrite and a small amount of pearlite. The strength and plasticity of clad plate can meet the application requirements and the corrosion resistance is excellent as well.

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47

Xu, Yong, Xiang Jie Yang, Xiong Xin Jiang, Yi He, and Dan Ni Du. "Hot Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with a Transitional Microstructure in the Isothermal Hot Compression." Advanced Materials Research 1019 (October 2014): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1019.273.

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The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with transitional microstructure over temperature 800°C~950°C and strain rate ranges of 0.001~10s-1 has been studied by Gleeble-3500 hot working simulation testing machine. The flow softening of stress-strain curves is resulted from the spheroidization of transitional microstructure, dynamic recrystallization and superplasticity. Both temperature and strain rate are important factors affecting the deformation behavior. Flow instability induced by adiabatic shear bands occurs at 800-880°Cand 0.32-10 s-1. With the increasing of strain rate and decreasing of temperature, the degree of strain localization increases. The optimum working region of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a transitional microstructure is at 820-910°C and 0.001-0.1 s-1.

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Mendes, T. M., G. Morales, and P. J. Reis. "Use of basaltic waste as red ceramic raw material." Cerâmica 62, no. 362 (June 2016): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132016623621955.

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Abstract Nowadays, environmental codes restrict the emission of particulate matters, which result in these residues being collected by plant filters. This basaltic waste came from construction aggregate plants located in the Metropolitan Region of Londrina (State of Paraná, Brazil). Initially, the basaltic waste was submitted to sieving (< 75 μm) and the powder obtained was characterized in terms of density and particle size distribution. The plasticity of ceramic mass containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of basaltic waste was measured by Atterberg method. The chemical composition of ceramic formulations containing 0% and 20% of basaltic waste was determined by X-ray fluorescence. The prismatic samples were molded by extrusion and fired at 850 °C. The specimens were also tested to determine density, water absorption, drying and firing shrinkages, flexural strength, and Young's modulus. Microstructure evaluation was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Basaltic powder has similar physical and chemical characteristics when compared to other raw materials, and contributes to ceramic processing by reducing drying and firing shrinkage. Mechanical performance of mixtures containing basaltic powder is equivalent to mixtures without waste. Microstructural aspects such as pore size distribution were modified by basaltic powder; albite phase related to basaltic powder was identified by X-ray diffraction.

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Spiess, Richard, and Tim H. Bell. "Microstructural controls on sites of metamorphic reaction: a case study of the inter-relationship between deformation and metamorphism." European Journal of Mineralogy 8, no. 1 (February 22, 1996): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/8/1/0165.

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Wang, Zhi-jian, Shuai Luo, Hong-wu Song, Wei-dong Deng, and Wen-yi Li. "Simulation of Microstructure during Laser Rapid Forming Solidification Based on Cellular Automaton." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/627528.

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The grain microstructure of molten pool during the solidification of TC4 titanium alloy in the single point laser cladding was investigated based on the CAFE model which is the cellular automaton (CA) coupled with the finite element (FE) method. The correct temperature field is the prerequisite for simulating the grain microstructure during the solidification of the molten pool. The model solves the energy equation by the FE method to simulate the temperature distribution in the molten pool of the single point laser cladding. Based on the temperature field, the solidification microstructure of the molten pool is also simulated with the CAFE method. The results show that the maximum temperature in the molten pool increases with the laser power and the scanning rate. The laser power has a larger influence on the temperature distribution of the molten pool than the scanning rate. During the solidification of the molten pool, the heat at the bottom of the molten pool transfers faster than that at the top of the molten pool. The grains rapidly grow into the molten pool, and then the columnar crystals are formed. This study has a very important significance for improving the quality of the structure parts manufactured through the laser cladding forming.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microstructured cane'

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