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Journal articles on the topic 'Microswimmers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Chennaram, S. Sharanya, and T. Sonamani Singh. "Bidirectional Propulsion of Bioinspired Microswimmer in Microchannel at Low Reynolds Number." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2663, no. 1 (2023): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2663/1/012035.

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Abstract Swimming of micro-scale bodies is different from macro-scale counterparts due to low Reynolds number (Re) fluid-swimmer interaction. The Re is defined as the ratio of inertial force to viscous force and it can be expressed as, Re =ρ𝑣𝑙/µ, where ρ and µ are the density and viscosity of the fluid medium, v and l are the velocity and length of the swimmer. For microswimmers, due to the small length scale Re < 1, the inertial forces are negligible compared to viscous forces. Unlike the macroscale swimmers which exploit the inertial force for locomotion, microswimmers must use a differen

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2

Detholia, Krunal K. "Advancements in Micro-Swimmers: Transforming Drug Delivery and Exploring Novel Pharmaceutical Applications." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 06 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36151.

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This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the field of microswimmers, an emerging area at the intersection of robotics, nanotechnology, and biomedicine. Microswimmers, which are propelled by various mechanisms including magnetic fields, acoustic waves, and chemical reactions, demonstrate unique capabilities that position them as promising candidates for a wide range of applications. This paper discusses the design principles, propulsion mechanisms, and control strategies of microswimmers, with a focus on their potential for targeted drug delivery, environmental se

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3

Bunea, Ada-Ioana, and Rafael Taboryski. "Recent Advances in Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (2020): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121048.

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Microswimmers are a rapidly developing research area attracting enormous attention because of their many potential applications with high societal value. A particularly promising target for cleverly engineered microswimmers is the field of biomedical applications, where many interesting examples have already been reported for e.g., cargo transport and drug delivery, artificial insemination, sensing, indirect manipulation of cells and other microscopic objects, imaging, and microsurgery. Pioneered only two decades ago, research studies on the use of microswimmers in biomedical applications are

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4

Xiong, Junfeng, Xiaoxia Song, Yuhang Cai, et al. "Stop-Flow Lithography for the Continuous Production of Degradable Hydrogel Achiral Crescent Microswimmers." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (2022): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050798.

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The small size of robotic microswimmers makes them suitable for performing biomedical tasks in tiny, enclosed spaces. Considering the effects of potentially long-term retention of microswimmers in biological tissues and the environment, the degradability of microswimmers has become one of the pressing issues in this field. While degradable hydrogel was successfully used to prepare microswimmers in previous reports, most hydrogel microswimmers could only be fabricated using two-photon polymerization (TPP) due to their 3D structures, resulting in costly robotic microswimmers solution. This limit

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Sun, Zhiyong, Philipp F. Popp, Christoph Loderer, and Ainhoa Revilla-Guarinos. "Genetically Engineered Bacterial Biohybrid Microswimmers for Sensing Applications." Sensors 20, no. 1 (2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010180.

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Bacterial biohybrid microswimmers aim at exploiting the inherent motion capabilities of bacteria (carriers) to transport objects (cargoes) at the microscale. One of the most desired properties of microswimmers is their ability to communicate with their immediate environment by processing the information and producing a useful response. Indeed, bacteria are naturally equipped with such communication skills. Hereby, two-component systems (TCSs) represent the key signal transducing machinery and enable bacteria to sense and respond to a variety of stimuli. We engineered a natural microswimmer bas

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6

Tan, Liyuan, Zihan Wang, Zhi Chen, Xiangcheng Shi, and U. Kei Cheang. "Improving Swimming Performance of Photolithography-Based Microswimmers Using Curvature Structures." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (2022): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111965.

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The emergence of robotic microswimmers and their huge potential in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, non-invasive surgery, and bio-sensing facilitates studies to improve their effectiveness. Recently, achiral microswimmers that have neither flexible nor helical structures have garnered attention because of their simple structures and fabrication process while preserving adequate swimming velocity and controllability. In this paper, the crescent shape was utilized to create photolithography-fabricated crescent-shaped achiral microswimmers. The microswimmers were actuated using rota

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7

Hartl, Benedikt, Maximilian Hübl, Gerhard Kahl, and Andreas Zöttl. "Microswimmers learning chemotaxis with genetic algorithms." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 19 (2021): e2019683118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019683118.

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Various microorganisms and some mammalian cells are able to swim in viscous fluids by performing nonreciprocal body deformations, such as rotating attached flagella or by distorting their entire body. In order to perform chemotaxis (i.e., to move toward and to stay at high concentrations of nutrients), they adapt their swimming gaits in a nontrivial manner. Here, we propose a computational model, which features autonomous shape adaptation of microswimmers moving in one dimension toward high field concentrations. As an internal decision-making machinery, we use artificial neural networks, which

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8

Kroy, Klaus, Dipanjan Chakraborty, and Frank Cichos. "Hot microswimmers." European Physical Journal Special Topics 225, no. 11-12 (2016): 2207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2016-60098-6.

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9

Singh, Dhruv P., William E. Uspal, Mihail N. Popescu, Laurence G. Wilson, and Peer Fischer. "Photogravitactic Microswimmers." Advanced Functional Materials 28, no. 25 (2018): 1706660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201706660.

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10

Qiu, Jingran, Zhiwen Cui, Eric Climent, and Lihao Zhao. "Clustering of settling microswimmers in turbulence." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 31, no. 2 (2024): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-31-229-2024.

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Abstract. Clustering of plankton plays a vital role in several biological activities, including feeding, predation, and mating. Gyrotaxis is one of the mechanisms that induces clustering. A recent study (Candelier et al., 2022) reported a fluid inertial torque acting on a spherical microswimmer, which has the same effect as a gyrotactic torque. In this study, we model plankton cells as microswimmers that are subject to gravitational sedimentation as well as a fluid inertial torque. We use direct numerical simulations to obtain the trajectories of swimmers in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. W

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11

Tan, Liyuan, Jamel Ali, U. Kei Cheang, Xiangcheng Shi, Dalhyung Kim, and Min Jun Kim. "µ-PIV Measurements of Flows Generated by Photolithography-Fabricated Achiral Microswimmers." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (2019): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120865.

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Robotic micro/nanoswimmers can potentially be used as tools for medical applications, such as drug delivery and noninvasive surgery. Recently, achiral microswimmers have gained significant attention because of their simple structures, which enables high-throughput fabrication and size scalability. Here, microparticle image velocimetry (µ-PIV) was used to study the hydrodynamics of achiral microswimmers near a boundary. The structures of these microswimmers resemble the letter L and were fabricated using photolithography and thin-film deposition. Through µ-PIV measurements, the velocity flow fi

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12

Giri, Pritam, and Ratnesh K. Shukla. "Optimal transport of surface-actuated microswimmers." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (2022): 043604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083277.

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We analyze the transport behavior of surface-actuated spheroidal microswimmers that locomote steadily with or without a spatiotemporally uniform external forcing. The surface actuation is in the form of either a tangential surface motion or a zero-net-mass-flux wall-normal transpiration. Starting from a general modal expansion in terms of an appropriate basis set, we link the surface actuation, the force exerted on the spheroid, and its forward speed through a Stokesian representation of the microhydrodynamics. Our analysis is generic and enables a systematic investigation over the complete ra

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13

Liu, Jia, Tiantian Xu, Chenyang Huang, and Xinyu Wu. "Automatic Manipulation of Magnetically Actuated Helical Microswimmers in Static Environments." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (2018): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100524.

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Electromagnetically actuated microswimmers have been widely used in various biomedical applications due to their minor invasive traits and their easy access to confined environments. In order to guide the microswimmers autonomously towards a target, an obstacle-free path must be computed using path planning algorithms, meanwhile a motion controller must be formulated. However, automatic manipulations of magnetically actuated microswimmers are underdeveloped and still are challenging topics. In this paper, we develop an automatic manipulation system for magnetically actuated helical microswimme

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14

Jin, Zigan. "A Macroscale Model Approach to Studying Microswimmer Locomotion at Low Reynolds Numbers." Theoretical and Natural Science 106, no. 1 (2025): 64–71. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.23051.

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This study investigates the motion characteristics of microswimmers in low Reynolds number environments through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. A biomimetic microswimmer with a spherical head and helical tail was designed based on the Magariyama model. Using MATLAB programming, the fluid dynamics equations were solved to calculate the swimming velocity and propulsion efficiency under various helical parameters. The results demonstrate that the tails helical angle and wavelength significantly influence the swimmers propulsion performance. Furthermore, the study reveals the interp

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15

Krüger, Timothy, and Markus Engstler. "Trypanosomes – versatile microswimmers." European Physical Journal Special Topics 225, no. 11-12 (2016): 2157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2016-60063-5.

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16

Elgeti, Jens, and Gerhard Gompper. "Microswimmers near surfaces." European Physical Journal Special Topics 225, no. 11-12 (2016): 2333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2016-60070-6.

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17

Ai, Bao-quan, Ya-feng He, and Wei-rong Zhong. "Chirality separation of mixed chiral microswimmers in a periodic channel." Soft Matter 11, no. 19 (2015): 3852–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm00651a.

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We numerically studied the dynamics and separation of mixed chiral microswimmers in a channel with regular arrays of rigid half-circle obstacles. Mixed chiral microswimmers can be separated by applying the shear flow or the constant load.

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18

Ren, Liqiang, Nitesh Nama, Jeffrey M. McNeill, et al. "3D steerable, acoustically powered microswimmers for single-particle manipulation." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (2019): eaax3084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax3084.

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The ability to precisely maneuver micro/nano objects in fluids in a contactless, biocompatible manner can enable innovative technologies and may have far-reaching impact in fields such as biology, chemical engineering, and nanotechnology. Here, we report a design for acoustically powered bubble-based microswimmers that are capable of autonomous motion in three dimensions and selectively transporting individual synthetic colloids and mammalian cells in a crowded group without labeling, surface modification, or effect on nearby objects. In contrast to previously reported microswimmers, their mot

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19

Stark, Holger. "Artificial microswimmers get smart." Science Robotics 6, no. 52 (2021): eabh1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abh1977.

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20

Sun, Ho Cheung Michael, Pan Liao, Tanyong Wei, Li Zhang, and Dong Sun. "Magnetically Powered Biodegradable Microswimmers." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (2020): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040404.

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The propulsive efficiency and biodegradability of wireless microrobots play a significant role in facilitating promising biomedical applications. Mimicking biological matters is a promising way to improve the performance of microrobots. Among diverse locomotion strategies, undulatory propulsion shows remarkable efficiency and agility. This work proposes a novel magnetically powered and hydrogel-based biodegradable microswimmer. The microswimmer is fabricated integrally by 3D laser lithography based on two-photon polymerization from a biodegradable material and has a total length of 200 μm and

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21

Lauga, Eric, and Raymond E. Goldstein. "Dance of the microswimmers." Physics Today 65, no. 9 (2012): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.1715.

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22

Tierno, Pietro, Ramin Golestanian, Ignacio Pagonabarraga, and Francesc Sagués. "Magnetically Actuated Colloidal Microswimmers." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 112, no. 51 (2008): 16525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp808354n.

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23

Gilbert, A. D., F. Y. Ogrin, P. G. Petrov, and C. P. Winlove. "Theory of Ferromagnetic Microswimmers." Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics 64, no. 3 (2011): 239–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmam/hbr012.

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24

Debnath, Debajyoti, Pulak K. Ghosh, Yunyun Li, Fabio Marchesoni, and Baowen Li. "Diffusion of eccentric microswimmers." Soft Matter 12, no. 7 (2016): 2017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02811f.

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25

Buss, Nicole, Oncay Yasa, Yunus Alapan, Mukrime Birgul Akolpoglu, and Metin Sitti. "Nanoerythrosome-functionalized biohybrid microswimmers." APL Bioengineering 4, no. 2 (2020): 026103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5130670.

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26

Volpe, Giovanni, Ivo Buttinoni, Dominik Vogt, Hans-Jürgen Kümmerer, and Clemens Bechinger. "Microswimmers in patterned environments." Soft Matter 7, no. 19 (2011): 8810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05960b.

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27

Mijalkov, Mite, and Giovanni Volpe. "Sorting of chiral microswimmers." Soft Matter 9, no. 28 (2013): 6376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3sm27923e.

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28

Kósa, Gábor, Péter Jakab, Gábor Székely, and Nobuhiko Hata. "MRI driven magnetic microswimmers." Biomedical Microdevices 14, no. 1 (2011): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10544-011-9594-7.

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29

Yuan, Jinzhou, David M. Raizen, and Haim H. Bau. "A hydrodynamic mechanism for attraction of undulatory microswimmers to surfaces (bordertaxis)." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 109 (2015): 20150227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0227.

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Although small nematodes significantly impact human and animal health, agriculture, and ecology, little is known about the role of hydrodynamics in their life cycles. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model undulatory microswimmer, we have observed that animals are attracted to and swim along surfaces. The attraction to surfaces does not require mechanosensory neuron function. In dilute swarms, swimmers aggregate near surfaces. Using resistive force-based theory, symmetry arguments, and direct hydrodynamic simulations, we demonstrate that forces resulting from the interaction betw

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30

Guan, Geng, Yuxiang Ying, and Jianzhong Lin. "Effect of the shape of microswimmers and slip boundary conditions on the dynamic characteristics of near-wall microswimmers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 999 (November 14, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2024.570.

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Although the interaction between microswimmers and walls during near-wall swimming has been extensively studied, the effect of microswimmer shapes and slip boundary conditions on the dynamic characteristics of near-wall microswimmers has received less attention. In this study, elliptical microswimmer models have been developed with various aspect ratios based on circular microswimmers. The lattice Boltzmann method has been used for the numerical simulation of the dynamic behaviour of microswimmers near walls. Under slip boundary conditions, the escape or capture of microswimmers by the walls i

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31

Chi, Hai, Mykhailo Potomkin, Lei Zhang, Leonid Berlyand, and Igor S. Aranson. "Surface anchoring controls orientation of a microswimmer in nematic liquid crystal." Communications Physics 3, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42005-020-00432-z.

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Abstract Microscopic swimmers, both living and synthetic, often dwell in anisotropic viscoelastic environments. The most representative realization of such an environment is water-soluble liquid crystals. Here, we study how the local orientation order of liquid crystal affects the motion of a prototypical elliptical microswimmer. In the framework of well-validated Beris-Edwards model, we show that the microswimmer’s shape and its surface anchoring strength affect the swimming direction and can lead to reorientation transition. Furthermore, there exists a critical surface anchoring strength for

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32

Tan, Liyuan, Yang Yang, Li Fang, and David J. Cappelleri. "Shape‐Programmable Adaptive Multi‐Material Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications." Advanced Functional Materials, April 17, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202401876.

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AbstractFlagellated microorganisms can swim at low Reynolds numbers and adapt to changes in their environment. Specifically, the flagella can switch their shapes or modes through gene expression. In recent years, efforts have changed to achieve adaptive microswimmers mimicking real microorganisms from traditional rigid microswimmers. However, even though some adaptive microswimmers achieved by hydrogels have emerged, the swimming behaviors of the microswimmers before and after the environment‐induced deformations are not predicted in a systematic standardized way. In this work, experiments, fi

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33

Gupta, Akanksha, Jaya Kumar Alageshan, Kiran Venkata Kolluru, and Rahul Pandit. "Can flocking aid the path planning of microswimmers in turbulent flows?" Physics of Fluids 37, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0254816.

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We show that the flocking of microswimmers in a turbulent flow can enhance the efficacy of reinforcement-learning-based path planning of microswimmers in turbulent flows. In particular, we develop a machine-learning strategy that incorporates Vicsek-model-type flocking in microswimmer assemblies in a statistically homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow in two dimensions. We build on the adversarial-reinforcement-learning of Alageshan et al. [“Machine learning strategies for path-planning microswimmers in turbulent flows,” Phys. Rev. E 101, 043110 (2020)] for non-interacting microswimmers in

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34

Katsamba, Panayiota, Matthew Butler, Lyndon Koens, and Thomas Douglas Montenegro-Johnson. "Chemically active filaments: Analysis and extensions of Slender Phoretic Theory." Soft Matter, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2sm00942k.

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Autophoretic microswimmers self-propel via surface interactions with a surrounding solute fuel. Chemically-active filaments are an exciting new microswimmer design that augments traditional autophoretic microswimmers, such as spherical Janus particles, with...

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35

Guo, Hanliang, Hai Zhu, Ruowen Liu, Marc Bonnet, and Shravan Veerapaneni. "Optimal ciliary locomotion of axisymmetric microswimmers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 927 (September 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.744.

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Many biological microswimmers locomote by periodically beating the densely packed cilia on their cell surface in a wave-like fashion. While the swimming mechanisms of ciliated microswimmers have been extensively studied both from the analytical and the numerical point of view, optimisation of the ciliary motion of microswimmers has received limited attention, especially for non-spherical shapes. In this paper, using an envelope model for the microswimmer, we numerically optimise the ciliary motion of a ciliate with an arbitrary axisymmetric shape. Forward solutions are found using a fast bound

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36

Zayed, Rafe Md Abu, Arezoo M. Ardekani, and Amir Nourhani. "Swimmer types of optimum surface-driven active particles." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 1009 (April 10, 2025). https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.58.

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An optimal microswimmer with a given geometry has a surface velocity profile that minimises energy dissipation for a given swimming speed. An axisymmetric swimmer can be puller-, pusher- or neutral-type depending on the sign of the stresslet strength. We numerically investigate the type of optimal surface-driven active microswimmers using a minimum dissipation theorem for optimum microswimmers. We examine the hydrodynamic resistance and stresslet strength with nonlinear dependence on various deformation modes. Optimum microswimmers with fore-and-aft symmetry exhibit neutral-type behaviour. Asy

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37

Castañeda, John, Blake Rogers, Ysaris Sosa, et al. "Atomically Precise Nanoclusters as Co‐Catalysts for Light‐Activated Microswimmer Motility." Small, May 16, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202411517.

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AbstractMicroswimmers are self‐propelled particles that navigate fluid environments, offering significant potential for applications in environmental pollutant decomposition, biosensing, and targeted drug delivery. Their performance relies on engineered catalytic surfaces. Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), with atomically precise structures, tunable optical properties, and high surface area‐to‐volume ratio, provide a new optimal catalyst for enhancing microswimmer propulsion. Unlike bulk gold or nanoparticles, AuNCs may deliver tunable photocatalytic activity and increased catalytic specificity, maki

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38

Liu, Baopi, Lu Chen, and Wenjun Xu. "Effects of flagellar morphology on swimming performance and directional control in microswimmers." Physics of Fluids 37, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0264456.

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In a fluid environment, flagellated microswimmers propel themselves by rotating their flagella. The morphology of these flagella significantly influences forward speed, swimming efficiency, and directional stability, which are critical for their survival. This study begins by simulating the three-dimensional motion trajectories of microswimmers to analyze their kinematic characteristics. The simulation results demonstrate that microswimmers can actively adjust their forward direction by modifying the orientation of their flagella. We subsequently perform numerical simulations to visualize the

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Duygu, Yasin Cagatay, U. Kei Cheang, Alexander M. Leshansky, and Min Jun Kim. "Propulsion of Planar V‐Shaped Microswimmers in a Conically Rotating Magnetic Field." Advanced Intelligent Systems, November 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300496.

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Planar magnetic microswimmers bear great potential for in vivo biomedical applications as they can be mass‐produced at minimal costs using standard photolithography techniques. Therefore, it is central to understand how to control their motion. This study examines the propulsion of planar V‐shaped microswimmers in an aqueous solution powered by a conically rotating magnetic field and compares the experimental results with theory. Propulsion is investigated upon altering the cone angle of the driving field. It is shown that a V‐shaped microswimmer magnetized along its symmetry axis exhibits uni

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40

Lin, Li-Shing, Kento Yasuda, Kenta Ishimoto, and Shigeyuki Komura. "Emergence of odd elasticity in a microswimmer using deep reinforcement learning." Physical Review Research 6, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033016.

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We use the Deep Q-Network with reinforcement learning to investigate the emergence of odd elasticity in an elastic microswimmer model. For an elastic microswimmer, it is challenging to obtain the optimized dynamics due to the intricate elastohydrodynamic interactions. However, our machine-trained model adopts a transition strategy (the waiting behavior) to optimize the locomotion. For the trained microswimmers, we evaluate the performance of the cycles by the product of the loop area (called ) and the loop frequency and show that the average swimming velocity is proportional to the performance

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41

Li, Siwen, and Deming Nie. "Study on the effect of geometric shape on microswimmer upstream motion." Physics of Fluids 36, no. 10 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0233257.

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The upstream motility of three microswimmer shapes (circular squirmer, squirmer rod, and elliptical squirmer) at the center of a Poiseuille flow is numerically investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method. Based on the stability and upstream ability, the swimming velocities and four motion states (stable motion, progressively unstable motion, unstable motion, and upstream failure) are summarized. The results show that the circular squirmer and squirmer rod are more stable than the elliptical squirmer; however, the elliptical squirmer has the greatest advantage in velocity and can swim up to

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42

Bárdfalvy, Dóra, Viktor Škultéty, Cesare Nardini, Alexander Morozov, and Joakim Stenhammar. "Collective motion in a sheet of microswimmers." Communications Physics 7, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42005-024-01587-9.

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AbstractSelf-propelled particles such as bacteria or algae swimming through a fluid are non-equilibrium systems where particle motility breaks microscopic detailed balance, often resulting in large-scale collective motion. Previous theoretical work has identified long-ranged hydrodynamic interactions as the driver of collective motion in unbounded suspensions of rear-actuated (“pusher”) microswimmers. In contrast, most experimental studies of collective motion in microswimmer suspensions have been carried out in restricted geometries where both the swimmers’ motion and their long-range flow fi

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43

Li, Siwen, Yuxiang Ying, Tongxiao Jiang, and Deming Nie. "Flow features induced by a rod-shaped microswimmer and its swimming efficiency: a two-dimensional numerical study." Chinese Physics B, October 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ad84c3.

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Abstract The swimming performance of rod-shaped microswimmers in a channel was numerically investigated using the two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). We considered variable-length squirmer rods—assembled from circular squirmer models with self-propulsion mechanisms—and analyzed the effects of the Reynolds number (Re), the aspect ratio (e), the squirmer-type factor (b), and the blockage ratio (κ) on swimming efficiency (η) and power expenditure (P). The results show no significant difference in power expenditure between pushers (microswimmers propelled from the tail) and pullers (mi

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44

Nordanger, Henrik, Alexander Morozov, and Joakim Stenhammar. "Interplay between Brownian and hydrodynamic tracer diffusion in suspensions of swimming microorganisms." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 974 (October 31, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.850.

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The general problem of tracer diffusion in non-equilibrium baths is important in a wide range of systems, from the cellular level to geographical length scales. In this paper, we revisit the archetypical example of such a system: a collection of small passive particles immersed in a dilute suspension of non-interacting dipolar microswimmers, representing bacteria or algae. In particular, we consider the interplay between thermal (Brownian) diffusion and hydrodynamic (active) diffusion due to the persistent advection of tracers by microswimmer flow fields. Previously, it has been argued that ev

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Sprenger, Alexander R., and Andreas M. Menzel. "Microswimming under a wedge-shaped confinement." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 12 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0176269.

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Artificial and living microswimmers encounter a large variety of geometric confinements and surfaces in the biological world. Here, we study the low-Reynolds-number dynamics of a microswimmer enclosed by a wedge-shaped free-slip interface. For various opening angles of the wedge, we derive an exact solution for the resulting flow fields using the method of images. In this way, the hydrodynamic interactions between the swimmer and the confining interfaces are examined. In particular, we find attraction or repulsion by the wedge depending on the propulsion mechanism (pusher- or puller-type) and

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von Rüling, Florian, Liubov Bakhchova, Ulrike Steinmann, and Alexey Eremin. "Permeation Dynamics of Active Swimmers Through Anisotropic Porous Walls." Advanced Physics Research, October 25, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202300047.

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AbstractNatural habitats of most living microorganisms are distinguished by a complex structure often formed by a porous medium such as soil. The dynamics and transport properties of motile microorganisms are strongly affected by crowded and locally anisotropic environments. Using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system, we explore the permeation of active colloids through a structured wall of obstacles by tracking microswimmers' trajectories and analyzing their statistical properties. Employing micro‐labyrinths formed by cylindrical or elongated pillars, we demonstrate that the anisotropy

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Kubo, Kiyoto, Toshihiro Omori, and Takuji Ishikawa. "Microstructure and deformation in suspensions of soft microswimmers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 1011 (May 13, 2025). https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.7.

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In recent years, various unique properties of microswimmer suspensions have been revealed. Some microswimmers are deformable; however, the influence of the swimmer’s deformability has been overlooked. The present study examined the impact of soft microswimmers’ membrane deformations in a mono-dispersed dense suspension on microstructure formation. Due to the small size of the microswimmers, the flow field is described by the Stokes equation. The soft microswimmer was modelled as a capsule with a two-dimensional hyperelastic membrane enclosing a Newtonian fluid that is driven by propulsion torq

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Sridhar, Varun, Filip Podjaski, Yunus Alapan, et al. "Light-driven carbon nitride microswimmers with propulsion in biological and ionic media and responsive on-demand drug delivery." Science Robotics 7, no. 62 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abm1421.

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We propose two-dimensional poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) carbon nitride microparticles as light-driven microswimmers in various ionic and biological media. Their high-speed (15 to 23 micrometer per second; 9.5 ± 5.4 body lengths per second) swimming in multicomponent ionic solutions with concentrations up to 5 M and without dedicated fuels is demonstrated, overcoming one of the bottlenecks of previous light-driven microswimmers. Such high ion tolerance is attributed to a favorable interplay between the particle’s textural and structural nanoporosity and optoionic properties, facilitating ionic i

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Ghosh, Soumyajit, and Antarip Poddar. "Slippery rheotaxis: new regimes for guiding wall-bound microswimmers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 967 (July 17, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.490.

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The near-surface locomotion of microswimmers under the action of background flows has been studied extensively, whereas the intervening effects of complex surface properties remain hitherto unknown. Intending to delineate the shear-driven dynamics near a planar slippery wall, we adopt the squirmer model of microswimmers and employ a three-dimensional analytical-numerical framework in bispherical coordinates. It is interpreted that both the self-propulsion and the external shear flow are redistributed due to hydrodynamic slippage, followed by modulations in the thrust torque on the microswimmer

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Daddi-Moussa-Ider, Abdallah, Ramin Golestanian, and Andrej Vilfan. "Minimum entropy production by microswimmers with internal dissipation." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41280-z.

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AbstractThe energy dissipation and entropy production by self-propelled microswimmers differ profoundly from passive particles pulled by external forces. The difference extends both to the shape of the flow around the swimmer, as well as to the internal dissipation of the propulsion mechanism. Here we derive a general theorem that provides an exact lower bound on the total, external and internal, dissipation by a microswimmer. The problems that can be solved include an active surface-propelled droplet, swimmers with an extended propulsive layer and swimmers with an effective internal dissipati

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