Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Microtechnique'
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Lambert, Pierre. "Les effets de tension de surface en microtechnique et microrobotique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536852.
Full textBellouard, Yves. "Conception de dispositifs en alliage à mémoire de forme en microtechnique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2308.
Full textCournarie, Emmanuelle. "Approche socio-anthropologique d'une reconversion industrielle : de l'horlogerie aux microtechniques à Besançon." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839114.
Full textLe, Dren Sarah. "Elaboration de couches épaisses piézoélectriques déposées sur substrats pour des applications microtechniques." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0063/these.pdf.
Full textThis work talks about elaboration of PZT (Pb(ZrTi)03) piezoelectric thick films on substrate (alumina and silicium). These films could be integrated in microsystems instead of bulk polish ceramic. The technical deposit choice is screen-printing for its simplicity and because it is already overcome in industry. Each stage of the fabrication of thick films is first detailed in the bibliographic study. The experimental study is based on the optimization of: - deposit technique - ink preparation - thermal treatments After polarization, results on thick films and bulk ceramics are compared for four PZT compositions. From these results, two hypotheses are proposed to explain the weak characteristics of the thick films in comparison with bulk ceramics ones: - important porosity of thick films - films clamping on substrate Models are proposed to justify the differences of properties between films and bulk ceramics. Another experimental study is about improvement of films density by using different sintering methods. Some sintering aids are used to decrease temperature sintering and to improve films properties. The eutectic mix of PbO-PbF2 gives interesting results for all tested PZT compositions. Frequencies characterizations are carried out at: - Law frequencies using the--embedded beam method and modeling - High frequencies using a three layers model. A feasibility study of piezoelectric transformers and a SAW device is made ta justify the interest of piezoelectric thick films in micro-technical applications
Le, Dren Sarah Gonnard Paul Nicolas Alain. "Elaboration de couches épaisses piézoélectriques déposées sur substrats pour des applications microtechniques." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2000. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=le_dren.
Full textNaish, Jacob. "The power dynamics of sport for development and peace : governmental rationalities and microtechniques." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2017. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/86fd1502-da9e-4bbb-85a6-f275d1db7578.
Full textAmoussou, Guenou Kuassi Marcelin. "Etude de la distribution de la déformabilité individuelle des hématies par microtechniques automatisées." Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET003T.
Full textPiller, Gérard. "Aspects microtechniques de la conception d'un capteur d'effort multi-directionnel appliqué à la robotique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1054.
Full textBendib, Samir. "Contribution à l'étude de la fluidique dans les microsystèmes." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0019.
Full textFrutos, Jean-Renaud. "Conception et réalisation de microsystèmes pour le contrôle d'écoulements aérauliques." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2003.
Full textLakard, Sophie. "Culture et étude de neurones olfactifs sur des surfaces fonctionnalisées par des polymères aminés biocompatibles électrodéposés." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2031.
Full textDuring this study, we have first synthesized biocompatible polymers using electrochemistry in order to improve the adhesion and proliferation of neuronal cells. Thus, we have optimized the culture of mature olfactory neurons first on standard substrates, then on the electrodeposited polymers. We have also characterized these cells and study their structure and morphology. This study is original since extracellular matrix, such as collagen or laminin, are the most common used substrates contrary to electrodeposited polymers which are rarely used as culture substrate. The second part of this work combining electrochemistry and neurosciences consists in the elaboration of a biosensors destinated to recognize difrferent odours. Indeed, we want to elaborate a 'bio-nose' using a microsystem on which the polymer and the neurons can be fixed. Then, the neurons can grow on this microsystem and react to an olfactory stimulus by emitting an electronic and an ionic signal charasteristic of a particular odour
Méry, Emeline. "Intégration du silicium poreux dans des microsystèmes fluidiques : application aux laboratoires sur puce." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0086/these.pdf.
Full textThe integration of porous silicon (PS) in fluidic microsystems is carried out in order to exploit its great surface as stationary phase for the molecular sorting in labs-on-chip. The liquid permeability of PS membranes is determined. The steric filtration of particles of 50 nm through a PS membrane is pointed out. After a study of PS oxidation at 300°C and of oxide densification at 500°C or 700°C, several methods of functionalisation of PS surface with various groups (ionic, C18, calixarenes and IgG proteins) are developed. . Microfluidic measurements and simulations on porosified (or not) microchannels show that flows follow the Navier-Stokes law. Electrical characterizations and simulations of electric field distribution in a chip containing a porous microchannel show the possibility of using PS in an electrophoretic separation system
Basset, Philippe. "Conception, réalisation et test d'un microsystème de transport alimenté à distance." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1be0afae-6454-4f5c-abb2-2aa4a0628b56.
Full textRigo, Sébastien. "Microcaractérisation des matériaux et structures issus des technologies microsystèmes." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT035G.
Full textAbbas, Ghaleb Khalil. "La spectrométrie photothermique comme technique de microdétection : caractéristiques, mode d'excitation, possibilité d'intégration dans un microsystème." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10209.
Full textBakouboula, Aldrice Georra. "Conception et caractérisation de filtres optiques et de VCSELs accordables à base de micro système sur substrat InP pour les Réseaux optiques multiplexés en longueur d'onde." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0039/these.pdf.
Full textBackbone network bottleneck and the cost killing of future service deployments enforce the telecommunication market operators to envisage low cost high bit rate solutions providing both reconfigurable and scalable dynamic capability to the optical network architectures. This work propose to investigate the 100 GHz ITU grid channel spacing compatibility and microelectromechanical system implementation to the microelectronic batch process fabrication of WDM 1. 55 μm tunable optical devices. Filters and vertical cavity laser diodes based on high refractive index contrast InP/Air Bragg mirors are performed by surface micro machining. Experimental investigations which are carried out to overcome inherent technological breakthoughs of InP/Air tunable filters and electrically pumped MOEMS VCSEL fabrication are presented. In the first instance, we have studied the tunable filters and their modal properties. This studies have permitted to obtain an optimized filter structure which exhibit a 32. 5 GHz (0. 26 nm) selectivity and a WDM fitted side mode suppresion ratio. In the second instance, optically and electrically pumped VCSEL investigations have carried out our first room temperature electrical pumping lasing effect of an hybrid MOEMS VCSEL structure with a 2. 8 kA/cm2 current threshold
Pigot, Christian. "La lévitation diamagnétique à l'échelle micrométrique : applications et possibilités." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0138.
Full textLevitation is a fascinating way to compensate the action of gravity. Diamagnetism is the only physical phenomenon that allows a stable, static and passive levitation at room temperature. However, this magnetic effet is mostly insignificant at ordinary scales. Among the different means to improve the amplitude of this phenomenon, scale reduction is promishing. The present work contributes to the exploration of the possibilities and the potentialities of levitation in the microsystems. The reduction of size increases diamagnetic volume forces and strongly decreases absolute diamagnetic forces. These properties have been used for the conception and the fabrication of microsensors (accelerometer, inclinometer, force sensor) and microactuators (manipulation of microparticle by incline or by the use of a laser). These realisations are opening new fields for new perspectives and innovative functionnalities into the microworld
Zeggari, Rabah. "Microsystèmes et microcapteurs pour les sciences du vivant." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2021.
Full textIn this thesis, two Lab On Chip bas been realised. The first one is intended for in vitro fertilization (NF), the second for the transportation and quality control of the cornea. The Lab On chip for NF is formed of a platform and a set of probes. The platform is made of silicon; it forms a reservoir for the life fluid of the oocyte to keep it alive. On the platform we machined a network of microchannels to aspire the life fluid ; this operation gives the platform the functions of : transportation, positioning and immobilization of the oocyte. A preliminary test, on supernumerary cells, demonstrates the feasibility of non invasive tests for the characterization of the oocyte before fertilization. Actually, the manipulation of the cornea, for execute some analysis, can cause damage for it. To resolve this problem, we developed an optical method, so no invasive, for characterization state of the cornea. It consist in the measure of cornea transmittance, that measure is correlated with the number of living cells. To detect infections in the cornea, we developed pH micro-sensors. The latter offer a more accurate measure. The characterisation of the pH micro-sensors bas yielded results relevant until a size of 10 ~m. Finally, we incorporated a system of capillaries to maintain the cornea in his life fluid, also for its positioning by non invasive manner for analysis
Ebonguè, Abel. "Conception et réalisation de microradiomètres thermiques sur substrats polymères adaptés à la sécurité des biens et des personnes en milieu industriel." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-261.pdf.
Full textMarselli, Catherine. "Data processing of a navigation microsystem." Université de Franche-Comté. UFR des sciences et techniques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2078.
Full textThis research is part of a Swiss French academic project whose goal was the determination of some limits in the design and use of microtechnologies and microsystems, using as a common thread example a navigation system based on microaccelerometers and angular rate microsensors (gyros). The entire project was divided into four parts, including design at the component level as well as at the system level. This PhD report describes the data processing of the navigation microsystem realised at the Electronics and Signal Processing Laboratory of the Institute of Microtechnology, University of Neuchâtel. Current low-cost microsensors are less expensive but less accurate that mechanical or optical sensors. In a navigation system, the accelerometer and gyro outputs are integrated, leading to the accumulation of the errors. Thus, the measured trajectory becomes quickly wrong and a corrective system has to be designed. Hence, the goals of the data processing system is to compute the navigation parameters (position, velocity, orientation) while preventing the trajectory from diverging, following two approaches: reducing the sensor errors,updating regularly the trajectory using an aiding navigation system
Bakouboula, Aldrice Georra Benyattou Taha. "Conception et caractérisation de filtres optiques et de VCSELs accordables à base de micro système sur substrat InP pour les Réseaux optiques multiplexés en longueur d'onde." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=bakouboula.
Full textMéry, Emeline Barbier Daniel. "Intégration du silicium poreux dans des microsystèmes fluidiques application aux laboratoires sur puce /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=mery.
Full textMaurice, Rémy Campo Éric Estève Daniel. "Contribution à la méthodologie de conception système application à la réalisation d'un microsystème multicapteurs communicant pour le génie civil /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000210.
Full textBou, Chakra Elie Garrigues Michel. "Nouveaux procédés d'élaboration à haute résolution de biomicrosystèmes pour la biotechnologie et la microfluidique." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ebouchakra.pdf.
Full textArrijuria, Olivier Pellet Claude Briand Renaud. "Contribution à l'intégration de centrales inertielles outils d'aide à la conception et à l'optimisation /." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/ARRIJURIA_OLIVIER_2008.pdf.
Full textAouba, Stéphane. "Conception et réalisation d'un microsystème de conversion photovoltai͏̈que intégré." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30070.
Full textLayouni, Yasmina. "Méthodologie d'aide à la conception de structures intégrées mixtes : application à une interface capteur paramétrable à base de convertisseur Sigma Delta." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0045/these.pdf.
Full textThe micro- and nano-technologies domains undergo a rapid evolution, giving rise ta very complex circuits, with sensors, analog and digial circuits, communication devices and even power supplies and optical interfaces. The lack of adequate tools for the analysis of multiphysical systems is a major concern for conceivers. The high level of integration necessitates indeed a good cooperation between the different constituents of the system, each one being very specifie. It is in the framework of this dynamics thal the Heterogeneous System Conception Team work (INL: Institut des Nana-technologies de Lyon). Though more and more dominated by digital functions, the analog part of these systems remains a very delicate part; moreover, it is money-consuming because it is lime- consuming : software solutions allowing a quick and reliable conception are still ta come. This doctoral thesis constitutes a partial attempt to address the need to accelerate the conceiving development flow of composite integrated architectures, especially at the level of sensors interfacing. The aim of this research work is, first of all the definition of a conception method for analog circuits thal could be automated. Its next focus is a proposal for programmable and parametrizable interface architecture for law frequency sensors. Its final aim is ta apply the method of the proposed architecture
Pittet, Patrick. "Conception et mise en oeuvre de systèmes de détection optique de haute sensibilité pour les microanalyses biochimiques et pour la radiothérapie." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10282.
Full textThe objective of this research project is to develop high sensitivity optical detection systems for biochemical microanalysis and for radiotherapy. In particular, photodetection systems using CMOS Buried Double pn Junction (BDJ) photodetector have been investigated. A detailed noise analysis of the photodetection chain has been performed with noise modeling of the charge preamplification. This approach, validated by temporal noise simulations has led to analytical expressions for the different noise contributions referred at the amplifier output. Furthermore, various signal processing techniques have been developed for weak signal recovery especially in case of low signal to noise ratios. Among them, variable time synchronous detection enables the detection of photocurrent levels ~30 dB below detector dark current. Such a BDJ detector based system has been designed and tested for absorptiometry measurements, fluorescence detection and chemiluminescence. The proposed detector systems have achieved sensitivity performance comparable with those commercialized instruments with much smaller sample volumes (~nL). Finally, our experience in weak luminescence signal detection has been used to develop a novel in vivo dosimetry system for external beam radiotherapy, based on the radioluminescence of direct band gap semiconductors. Preliminary results from testing with routinely used clinical equipments have validated this approach
Grossi, François. "Techniques innovantes d'auto-assemblage, d'auto-alignement et de connectique de puces sur substrat basées sur le collage direct." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0002.
Full textSelf assembly is an innovative technique to complete 3D integration technologies such as pick and place. Self Assembly in air allows the self alignment of a chip close to the bonding zone of the substrate. With the adaptation of direct bonding techniques we can attach the chip without any material addition. To study this phenomenon we performed visual observations of the self alignment and pointed out the main parameters. We established a relation between the droplet confinement offered by the wettability contrast and the droplet volume. Then we computed thanks to the "Surface Evolver" software the various misalignments modes and studied their stability. Finally we made a microelectronic process which can measure the alignment within 1 micron of precision. The configuration used for these alignments raised other issues concerning the drop/et confinement thanks to a topology
Loubère, Virginie. "Optimisation de la microstéréolithographie par masque dynamique : application à la réalisation de microactionneurs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL103N.
Full textHarchani, Noursaïd. "Etude d'une méthodologie de conception descendante des microsystèmes : conception d'un microsystème pour la surveillance des contraintes mécaniques en aéronautique." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT054H.
Full textMillet, Céline. "Etude des optiques diffractives en imagerie infrarouge." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112319.
Full textThis work deals with a new familiy of diffractive optical elements composed of one-leved binary sub-wavelength structures, i. E with local features that are slightly smaller than the wavelength, providing high efficiency over a large spectral band, which is very useful in imagery. In order to demonstrate the broadband behaviour of these components for use in imaging systems, we have developed a new model called hybrid model addressing components, to design and analyse them. It combines a scalar analysis of the large Fresnel zones (which are useful in imaging applications) with a vectorial treatment of the small features. The model is available for any type of diffractive structures with slowly varying phase. A blazed sub-wavelength grating etched in a Gallium Arsenide substrate has been designed and fabricated by photolithography and ICP etching. In order to evaluate the grating performances, we measured its diffraction efficiency transmitted around the blaze order for an oblique incidence at a wavelength of 10,6 μm. It has also been measured in normal incidence for wavelengths between 2 and 17 μm. . The hybrid model was used to conceive an ideal diffractive structure at first, and then to take fabrication effects into account. We validated a fabrication process and showed the quality of a two dimensional sub-wavelengh grating which period is large compared to the wavelength thanks to its diffraction efficiency higher than 80% from 8 μm to 14 μm. This experimental study shows that the fabrication of components with very interesting propeties is compatible with low-cost processes currently used in the semiconductors industry
Oukassi, Sami Pereira-Ramos Jean-Pierre. "Développement de micro-sources d'énergie pour l'alimentation de micro-systèmes radio-fréquence." S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0417576.pdf.
Full textLayouni, Yasmina Abouchi Nacer. "Méthodologie d'aide à la conception de structures intégrées mixtes application à une interface capteur paramétrable à base de convertisseur Sigma Delta /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2009. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=layouni.
Full textGayral, Fabrice Gaffiot Frédéric. "Interfaces sigma-delta avancées pour capteur de champ magnétique microfluxgate." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/fgayral.pdf.
Full textLe, Van Suu Thierry. "Etude analytique, conception et microfabrication de microphones capacitifs miniatures." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1016.pdf.
Full textDuring the last decade, capacitive acoustic pressure sensors fabricated on silicon chips was the subject of theoretical, experimental and technological studies, in order to design miniaturized microphones whose interest in many applications would be of importance. These studies concentrate on the devices classically designed, namely on the modelling and on the micro machining of devices comprising a diaphragm (considered as a membrane), a planar perforated (or not) backing electrode, and a viscous and thermalconducting fiuid trapped between both and/or enclosed by a peripheral reservoir. Ln many respects, the work presented in this PhD thesis is an extension of those carried out for several years in laboratories around the world, including the Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine. A new design in which the backing electrode is non-planar has been proposed recently in the literature. A standard analytic procedure yielded simple expression for the sensitivity of the microphone, whose the limitations can be pointed out when a precise solution is needed. Therefore herein, a general solution is proposed, which accounts for the coupling between the membrane and the fiuid layer in a more realistic way. On the other hand, the diaphragm is usually assumed to be circular and/or to behave as a membrane. The aim of the second chapter of the analytical studies presented here is to propose solutions for square loaded plates, including extensions for stretched ribbon, leading to awaited results. The second part of the thesis is twofold : -i) a miniaturised microphone, made using the micro machining pro cesses available in the clean room facility at ENSIM, has been designed and the main process steps have been validated, -ii) an experimental method for measuring simultaneously the Young's modulus and the residual stress is suggested and validated, supplanting in our opinion other known methods which usually provide only one of these two parameters (assuming that the other one is known)
Harnois, Maxime. "Étude et réalisation d'un biocapteur de type transistor à grille suspendue pour la reconnaissance de l'hybridation moléculaire de l'ADN." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S101.
Full textThis works deals with the fabrication and the optimization of Suspended Gate Field Effect Transistors (SGFET) for applications in the field of clinical diagnosis. This multidisciplinary project links several knowledge in electronics, biology and chemistry. SGFET is based on the MOSFET structure. The main difference between these two devices concerns the structure of the gate (this one is suspended). In order to use SGFET in aqueous solutions, the doped gate is coated with silicon nitride thin film layer. Thanks to chemical functionalization of silicon nitride surface, DNA probes can be grafted between the gate and the channel. As a consequence, the negative charges brought by DNA involve a shift of the transfer characteristics. Hybridization signal is obtained by measuring the shift before and after addition of DNA targets. Thanks to DNA provided by genetic lab of CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) of Nantes we made clinical diagnosis of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis or predisposed to breast cancer. Statistical studies were achieved and demonstrated the ability to diagnose healthy and mutated homozygote patients. Future works will focus on the integration of the SGFET into a lab on chip
Bélaubre, Pascal. "Conception et réalisation d'un microsystème robotisé de dépôt de produits biologiques par microleviers en silicium pour l'élaboration de biopuces." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0023.
Full textBiochips allow to analyze thousands of samples (DNA, proteins) in hours and therefore to know which gene responds to the action of a certain molecule or takes part of a certain disease. Our work is focused on the design and fabrication of a miniaturized and robotized silicon-cantilever-based microsystem for biological sample deposition to elaborate biochips. After an overview of the different methods to fabricate biochips, we describe our goals. The association of a 50 nm precision positionning system and silicon micro-cantilevers was retained. The method is based on direct contact between those cantilevers and the biochip support. The deposition is made through capillary forces. The originality of our work relies on geometric dimensions (spots of a few microns in diameter), the use of minimal amount of biological samples (picoliters), enabling a lot of depositions with a single loading process. Another advantage relies on the mass production process of our cantilevers which makes our system particularly cost effective. Our study focuses on the checking of our approach on different aspects: a biological one showing our capability to realize DNA and proteins chips and deposit various liquids with a single cantilever; a mechanical one demonstrating our system's compatibility with micro- and nano-technologies (use of cantilevers, positioning and size). Then, the loading process of the cantilevers is highlighted: an electrowetting method is firstly used. Then dielectrophoresis which is well known to manipulate liquids is developped through the use of an electric field applied between aluminum passivated electrodes implemented along the cantilevers. Finally piezoresistors located along the cantilevers allow the detection of the contact with the support. Therefore we have an active control of both the loading process and the deposition process in order to waranty uniformity of contact force and contact time
Kropfeld, Pascal. "Conception et caractérisation de réseaux de microémetteurs à effet de champ sur matériau GaAs." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-379.pdf.
Full textLe, Van Suu Thierry Bruneau Michel Durand Stéphane. "Etude analytique, conception et microfabrication de microphones capacitifs miniatures." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1016.pdf.
Full textPopulaire, Charles. "Propriétés physiques du silicium poreux : traitements et applications aux microsystèmes." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAL0018.
Full textSingular properties of porous silicon are useful for thermal and electromagnetic devices. Realization of thick and homogeneous layers up to the whole substrate thickness was achieved. Thermal properties of a nanostructured porous medium were studied regarding morphological and chemical parameters in order to lower the thermal conductivity. Ultrathin oxidation kinetics was brought to the fore for oxidation temperature lower than 700°C (threshold of mechanical and topography stability). By regarding strain effects induced by thermal oxidation of porous silicon, an original method of mechanical characterization was achieved. Impact of porosity and chaotic morphology of such a nanostructured medium was modelled analytically. At fast, electrical analysis of thick porous silicon layers have brought to the fore their excellent dielectric insulation (in particular full porous silicon substrate). The experimental results demonstrate the efficient dielectric and broadband behaviour of PS
Anduze, Marc. "Etude experimentale et numerique de microecoulements liquides dans les microsystemes fluidiques." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0002.
Full textMillon, Cyril. "Contribution à l'étude de procédés de réalisation de structures métal / PZT / métal sur silicium pour microsystèmes piézoélectriques." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0029/these.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this thesis was the optimisation of the elaboration process of the metal/ferroelectric/metal multi-layer on silicon substrate. A thin layer of Pb(Zr0,52Ti0,48)O3 (PZT) has been obtained by sputtering. The crystallisations have been achieved by mean of Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA). The stabilisation of the bottom electrode by the control of the Ti diffusion in platinum electrode by a TiOx layer has been confirmed. The SIMS measurments have shown that a 20nm thick TiOx layer is enough to stop the Ti diffusion thru the Pt layer. Then a Ti seeding layer has been deposit on this Pt/TiOx bottom electrode in order to enhance the PZT cristallinity. Indeed, XRD measurements have shown a quasi exclusive [111] perovskite phase for a 250 nm PZT layer. A study of the ferroelectric properties (hysteresis loops) has been carried out on a matrix of top electrode in order to get a mapping of remanent polarisation and coercitive field. We have shown that a Ti seeding layer led a yield of 80% of 450 micrometers side length top electrodes. The oxidation of the Ti seeding layer (TiOx) has resulted in the pyrochlore phase appearance with the [222] and/or the [400] dominant orientations and a decrease of the [111] perovskite orientation. Moreover in this work, we have shown that a threshold thickness of about 3 nm Ti seeding layer must not be exceeded in order to ensure the dominant perovskite crystallisation together with mechanical stability of the PZT layer. The d31 piezoelectric coefficient has been obtained by means of a modified vibrating beam method. Just after the polarization (240 kV. Cm-1 during 40 min) the d31 coefficient has been measured at –17. 8 pC. N-1. A test structure (88 micrometers thick silicon membrane) with a Pt/TiOx bottom electrode, a Ti seeding layer and a 250 nm thick layer has been achieved
Allouch, Alaa el dine. "Microfluidique diphasique : réseaux de micro-bulles à défauts contrôlés pour la photonique." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1376/.
Full textMicrofluidics is a large field that encompasses the study of fluids' behavior at microscales. Progresses in microfabrication technologies have enabled an increasing number of applications in biology, chemistry, and recently in optics. Indeed, microfluidic methods to fabricate photonic crystals are attractive, as compared to standard microfabrication, since they enable low interfaces roughness and self-organized collective fabrication. In this perspective, this thesis suggests the use of two-phase microfluidics to fabricate stable bubble networks, and to integrate easily realistic optical functionalities. First of all, we present the formation of monodisperse hexagonal bubble networks with a tunable pitch (between 5 and 100 µm) controlled by geometry and flow conditions. High-quality crystal organization is revealed by diffraction imaging. A photopolymer, used as carrier liquid, enables obtaining long life crystals. We have developed a glass-glass technology which allows the fabrication of channels adapted to optical applications: transparent, rigid and chemically resistant. To further demonstrate the potentiality of our approach, we have realized bubble crystals which contain controlled defects (lacuna of one, two or line of bubbles), key element in the design of waveguides or resonators. Small bumps are used in order to exclude bubbles from determined zones by a competition between interfacial tension and hydrodynamic forces. We have developed and experimentally confirmed a model which predicts the efficiency of this method. On-chip generated microbubbles are promising for photonics: they intrinsically enable self-organization and surface roughness unbeatably low. Sub-wavelength period are still needed to build photonic crystal-based optical functions. Our approach should enable such scaling down, because bubble formation is not diffraction limited as opposed to photolithography. This work thus opens a novel way to achieve optical functionalities such as waveguide, filter or resonator
Frick, Vincent. "Etude et réalisation d'un système intégré pour la mesure de courant avec isolation galvanique en milieu industriel." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13237.
Full textPichonat, Emmanuelle. "Conception et réalisation d'un filtre de Fabry-Perot intégré sur un micro-banc optique en silicium." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2036.
Full textThis work is an example of Micro Optical Electrical Mechanical Systems (MOEMS). The aim was to realize a tunable Fabry-Perot filter with an optical length less important than in the previous works. This kind of device bas many applications for the telecommunications systems and the interferometric sensors. This filter which is integrated to an optical bench can work in different wavelengths. It's an example of a full-wafer structuring process which makes use of the advantage of silicon machining. Anisotropic etching techniques allow the fabrication of low cost structures with a very high precision. Ln the first part, we propose a system with a micro thermal actuator which allow the displacement of a micro-lens supported by a movable silicion frame. This lens permits the focusing of the beam which results from an optical fiber or a Laser diode. The Fabry-Perot cavity is obtained by the deposition of reflective layers to form the mirrors on the exit facet of the first lens and the input facet of the second one. We have mainly worked on the actuator modeling and we present two models of a thermomechanical in-plane microactuator by using an analytical model and a Finite Element simulation. We demonstrate a good agreement between both models. This study shows that we can develop this model for more complex structures. Different technological processes have been developped to solve some etching problems (the use of compensations to avoid under-etching, perfect vertical walls. . . ). Comparisons between theory and experimental results (temperature and displacement) validate the steady-state conditions and demonstrate the importance of several thermal phenomena. The actuator bas been successfully used in a Fabry-Perot interferometer : a finesse of 25 was obtained for a 830 nm laser diode
Peraldi, Raphaëlle. "Relations entre cinétiques de croissance des couches d'oxyde et leurs microstructures lors de l'oxydation à haute température du nickel de haute pureté." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7247/1/peraldi1.pdf.
Full textDardalhon, Muriel. "Contribution à l'analyse de la fiabilité de microsystèmes : prise en compte des contraintes liées à l'environnement spatial." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20198.
Full textSoto-Romero, Georges. "Etude, modélisation et réalisation d'un micro-senseur terrestre infrarouge en technologie microsystèmes : application au positionnement de micro satellites en orbite basse." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0019.
Full textA part of this work is split into the modelling of an infrared micro-camera designed in a microsystems technology approach, in order to develop the virtual prototyping of an earth horizon micro-sensor set up in a L. E. O. (Low Earth Orbit) satellite , and a second part into the hardware realisation of the whole optic and electronic environment of the active element used in this camera. This active element is a 320x240 microbolometer focal plane array (FPA), which is used as a linear array in this space-oriented application. This investigation is based on a Top-Down design methodology, with both "behavioural" and "systems" approaches for virtual prototyping, and the same simulation tools as those involved in standard systems designs, as Matlab & Saber. The hardware realisation of the MIRES project (Micro InfraRed Earth Sensor) includes all elements of an "optical head", from the input optical system to the signal processing digital electronic output, and in-between the detector and the reading electronics in a vertical micro-cards assembly (like Vertical Micro-Chip Modules MCM-V) based on COTS (Components On The Shelves). The final result is a very compact microsystem consistent with the specifications given by the CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) - Among the interest of the project itself, the system architecture follows a "generic" approach, which means that both virtual prototyping and hardware realisation are adaptable to any kind of microbolometer (or other FPA's like visible CCD), extending this way the range of application of this work
Loe-Mie, Faïdjiba. "Développement de sels d’onium chélatants et fluorogéniques pour la détection des ions mercuriques en microsystèmes." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S149.
Full textMercury, the most toxic non radioactive metal, is uncommon in natural environment. Its presence is mainly issued from human activity such as industrial or agricultural wastes and extraction of gold. Mercury contamination causes serious environmental nuisance since inorganic mercury can be converted by bacteria into neurotoxic methylmercury, which is bioaccumulated by marine aquatic organisms. The entry of these organisms into human food chain has a dramatic impact on health such as neurological, neuromuscular or nephritic diseases. The level of mercuric ions (Hg²⁺) in water is therefore the object of strict regulation and should not exceed 1 μg/L. ¹ Although sophisticated analytical techniques (AAE, AAS and ICP-MS) are currently used, there is a real need to develop fast, inexpensive and real-time monitoring methods for heavy metals detection. So, to respond to this demand, we suggest an extraction by ionic liquids (ILs) and fluorescent detection in microsystems. Indeed, several authors have demonstrated the extraction of heavy metals by ionic liquids including chelators with very high Nernst coefficients. 2 One of the most recent developments concerning molten salts is the use of Task Specific Ionic Liquids (TSILs) which possess all ILs advantages including liquid/liquid extraction. 2,3 Indeed, by grafting a special functional group onto an onium salt, fluorogenic and chelating properties can be obtained. Our microextractor is constituted of two adjacent microchannels separated by vertical micro-pillars. This ECD system performs three functions: (i) extraction of mercuric ions from the carrier fluid through the pillar-stabilized interfaces, (ii) concentration of ions in IL phase due to its very low velocity, (iii) on-line detection via a fluorescence spectrometry. Thus, we report the synthesis and characterization of a task specific ionic liquid bearing a fluorogenic moiety for sensing mercuric ions. Then, its metal recognition properties are presented. Finally, its use in Hg2+ microextraction from aqueous solutions is illustrated