Academic literature on the topic 'Microtoxinas'

There are a wide variety of toxic compounds that are produced by fungi, known as mycotoxins, which are extremely important because they are found as contaminants in food for human and animal consumption, mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by mycotoxins, exposure to it occurs by ingestion, by skin contact and inhalation, which cause adverse damage to human and animal health, these effects cost millions of dollars annually in global losses in human and animal health, as well as in agricultural products, some mycotoxins of importance in public health they include aflatoxins, trichothecenes, fumonists, ochratoxins, among others.
 Objective: The objetive was describe the state of the art on exposure to microtoxins and its importance in public health. The state of the art allows us to conclude that exposure to food contaminated with this type of toxin.
 Methodology: A search was carried out in information sources indexed in Crossref, Google scholar Web of Science and in some specific journals such as toxins, Biomedical Journal, and Public Health Journal, using the keywords: mycotoxins, mycotoxigenic foods, aflatoxins, aflatoxigenic foods.
 Results and Conclusions: Has a negative impact on public health. In conclusion it is also urgent to search for alternatives to inhibit the growth of said toxigenic fungi and guarantee food quality, free of mycotoxins. and therefore, risks to human health.

Plant diseases cause economic losses and health risks, such as aflatoxins linked to liver cancer. These toxins, produced by fungi like Aspergillus flavus in figs, are often detected late through invasive methods or visual inspection. Since Spain, particularly Extremadura, is a key fig producer, alternative detection methods are essential to preventing aflatoxins in the food chain. The aim of this research is the early detection of Aspergillus flavus fungus using non-invasive techniques with hyperspectral imaging and applying artificial intelligence techniques, in particular deep learning. The images were taken after inoculation of the microtoxin using 3 different concentrations, related to three different classes and healthy figs (healthy controls). The analysis of the hyperspectral images was performed at the pixel level. Firstly, a fully connected neural network was used to analyze the spectral signature associated with each pixel; secondly, the wavelet transform was applied to each spectral signature. The resulting images were fed to a convolutional neural network. The hyperparameters of the proposed models were adjusted based on the parameter tuning process that was performed. The results are promising, with 83% accuracy, 82.75% recall, and 83.25% F1-measure for the fully connected neural network. The high F1-measure demonstrates that the model’s performance is good. The model has a low incidence of false positives for samples that contain aflatoxin, while a higher number of false positives appears in healthy controls. Due to the presence of false negatives, this class also has a high recall. The convolutional neural network results, accuracy, recall, and F1 are 77.25%, indicating moderate model performance. Only class 3, with higher aflatoxin concentration, achieves high precision and low false positive incidence. Healthy controls exhibit a high presence of false negatives. In conclusion, we demonstrate the effectiveness of pixel-level analysis in identifying the presence of the fungus and the viability of the non-invasive techniques applied in improving food safety. Although further research is needed, in this study, the fully connected neural network model shows good performance with lower energy consumption.

Abstract Background In the aesthetic clinical practice, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is best known for its use as a neuromodulator for the treatment of dynamic facial lines; however, when injected intradermally as microdroplets, BoNT-A can improve skin quality and overall skin appearance. Objectives To discuss key aspects of microtoxin use in clinical practice and provide expert guidance on use. Methods As part of a Continuing Medical Education (CME) lecture series and roundtable, the authors discussed key aspects of microtoxin patient selection, injection technique, and safety. Results The experiences of expert faculty are shared here. Clinical experience is consistent with reported data. Microtoxin can be used to reduce pore size, sebum production, rosacea, acne, and fine lines, and to improve jawline and neck definition. Intradermal injection can also be used for the improvement of transverse neck lines as well as for the safe prevention and management of scars and keloids. Conclusions Expanding the use of BoNT-A, a predictable, minimally invasive, and affordable treatment to address commonly encountered complaints, is appealing. The authors have found that making patients aware of microtoxin as a treatment option results in increased interest, increased use of BoNT-A, and high satisfaction among appropriately selected patients.

The bodies of water provide ecosystem services such as: temperature regulation, hydric recharge, bird, terrestrial and aquatic species habitat, food, oxygen, landscape, tourism, among others. The objective of this work was to generate information on indicators of biological contamination in the Atlangatepec dam, which help to establish the Control and Management Plan (PCyM) for the Ramsar Site. The strategy consisted of determining physicochemical variables in situ and conducting a phytoplankton diversity study. The average temperature of the water body was 17.8 ° C, pH 8.23, dissolved oxygen 4.58 ppm and conductivity 215 µS.cm. These conditions favor the growth of cyanobacteria, which predominated in the body of water. The species Pseudanabaena galeata was the dominant species, followed by Plankthorix agardhii. 11 Chlorophytas, 15 Cyanobacteria, 1 Charophyta and 3 Bacillariophytas were identified. The cyanobacterial species identified have the potential to produce blooms and microtoxins, which negatively impact the food chains of the ecosystem. The impact of anthropogenic activities puts the dam's sustainable and sustained development at risk.