Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Microtubuli'
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Boekhoorn, Karin. "Microtubule associated proteins and plasticity in the developing and diseased brain." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2006. http://dare.uva.nl/document/89864.
Full textZanarella, Erica. "Functional analysis of EFHC1, a gene involved in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy, in Drosophila." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421984.
Full textMutazioni nel gene EFHC1, che codifica per una proteina in grado di legarsi ai microtubuli, sono state correlate con l’insorgenza dell’Epilessia Mioclonica Giovanile (JME). Il gene EFHC1 è stato proposto come regolatore della divisione cellulare attraverso il controllo dell’organizzazione del fuso mitotico e come modulatore della migrazione dei neuroblasti nella corteccia cerebrale. Per comprendere in vivo la funzione del gene EFHC1 abbiamo generato il mutante knock-out per il gene omologo Defhc1 in Drosophila. Le sinapsi di giunzioni neuromuscolari (NMJ) di larve mutanti per Defhc1 mostrano un maggior numero di bottoni satellite e l’aumento del rilascio spontaneo di neurotrasmettitore. Esperimenti in vitro hanno dimostrato che la proteina Defhc1 si lega ai microtubuli e che in vivo colocalizza con i microtubuli sinaptici e assonali. In seguito all’eliminazione di Defhc1 dalle terminazioni sinaptiche è stata osservata una diminuzione del numero di loops formati dai microtubuli, la cui presenza è correlata con il blocco della divisione dei bottoni sinaptici, suggerendo che il gene Defhc1 possa essere un regolatore negativo della divisione dei bottoni sinaptici. Questi risultati suggeriscono che Defhc1, attraverso una fine regolazione della dinamicità dei microtubuli del citoscheletro, agisca da inibitore della crescita delle terminazioni sinaptiche tramite e che la JME dipendente da mutazione di EFHC1 potrebbe dipendere da un aumento del rilascio spontaneo di neurotrasmettitore conseguente all’eccessiva crescita sinaptica.
Schaedel, Laura. "Les propriétés mécaniques des microtubules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY010/document.
Full textMicrotubules—which define the shape of axons, cilia and flagella, and provide tracks for intracellular transport—can be highly bent by intracellular forces, and microtubule structure and stiffness are thought to be affected by physical constraints. Yet how microtubules tolerate the vast forces exerted on them remains unknown. Here, by using a microfluidic device, we show that microtubule stiffness decreases incrementally with each cycle of bending and release. Similar to other cases of material fatigue, the concentration of mechanical stresses on pre-existing defects in the microtubule lattice is responsible for the generation of more extensive damage, which further decreases microtubule stiffness. Strikingly, damaged microtubules were able to incorporate new tubulin dimers into their lattice and recover their initial stiffness. Our findings demonstrate that microtubules are ductile materials with self-healing properties, that their dynamics does not exclusively occur at their ends, and that their lattice plasticity enables the microtubules’ adaptation to mechanical stresses
Barlukova, Ayuna. "Dynamic instability of microtubules and effect of microtubule targeting agents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0064.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to design new mathematical models that are able to appropriately describe dynamic instability of a population of microtubules (MTs) and effect of drugs on MT dynamics. MT dynamic instability play an important role in the processes of mitosis and cell migration and, thus, in cancer progression. Dynamic instability is a complex process that involves different states of tubulin (polymerized or non-polymerized, GTP-tubulin or GDPtubulin that correspond to two different energetic states of tubulin dimers) that resulted from chemical processes (polymerization, depolymerization, hydrolysis, recycling, nucleation) linking these different states of tubulin. Description of this complexity by mathematical models enables one to test biological hypotheses concerning the impact of each process and action of drugs on microtubule dynamics. Recent observations show that MT dynamics depends on aging of MT. One of the aims of the work is to test the hypothesis that MT aging results from the acceleration of the GTP hydrolysis. We construct for that new models that couple two multidimensional transport equations with two ordinary differential equations involving integral terms. We have calibrated our models on the basis of experimental data; tested biological hypothesis on mechanism of aging process; performed a sensitivity analysis of the model with respect to parameters describing chemical processes; and tested hypotheses concerning actions of drugs
Faller, Elliott M. "Modulation of microtuble dynamics by the microtubule-associated protein MAP1a." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26371.
Full textPaez, Claudia. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine associée aux microtubules XMAP215/ch-TOG." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597065.
Full textRovini, Amandine. "De l'extrémité des microtubules aux mitochondries dans la neuroprotection mediee par l'olesoxime : vers une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d'action des agents anti-microtubules." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5512.
Full textNowadays, the so-called Microtubule Targeting Agents (MTAs) remain benchmark clinical treatments displaying high efficiency and are still widely used against a broad spectrum of tumors and hemopathies. The new compounds in clinical development and the discovery of their anti-angiogenic properties make them a family booming. However, MTAs treatment is limited by the occurrence of neurological toxicities that greatly impair patients quality of life and which mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. The current absence of really efficient curative of preventive strategies underline the complexity of MTA mechanisms of action. In the framework of the “MitoTarget” project from the 7th PCRD,lead by the industrial partner Trophos, we aimed to precise MTA neurotoxic mechanisms and to evaluate neuroprotective potential of olesoxime, a compound that already showed to be efficient in various models of neurodegenerative diseases. Our data show that microtubular (microtubule dynamics parameters, EB1 protein localization) and mitochondria (mitochondria) networks, MTA targeted compartments in cancer cells, are damaged in neuronal-like cells. Interestingly, olesoxime neuroprotective activity implies preservation of both microtubule and mitochondria from MTA-induced damages. This work highlights the original mechanism of action of olesoxime as the first neuroprotective agent able to act on both microtubule and mitochondria and underlines the strengthened link existing between these compartments. It thus gave rise to two side projects with the aim to (i) decipher microtubule-mitochondria interconnections in response to MTA treatment; (ii) precise the importance and regulation of EB1 in the anti-migratory efficacy of MTA by looking at EB1 post-translational modifications. Altogether, the data obtained incite to keep on characterizing mechanisms involved in response to MTA in order to optimize the existing therapeutic strategies
Rosas, Salvans Miquel 1987. "Understanding RanGTP dependent microtubule assembly : Idenification of DnaJB6 as a RanGTP regulated factor involved in microtubule organization during mitosis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664169.
Full textTres vies de formació de microtúbuls (MT) participen en la formació del fus mitòtic: la centrosòmica, la via d’amplificació dependent d’Augmin i la via dependent de RanGTP o cromosòmica. Per formar el fus, tots aquests MTs són organitzats per diferents classes de proteïnes motores en dos feixos interconnectats de MTs antiparal·lels, amb els seus extrems negatius concentrats al pols del fus. Dynein-Dynactin i HSET s’encarreguen de concentrar els extrems negatius als pols. El fus es pot formar també en absència de centrosomes, indicant que les vies de RanGTP i d’Augmin són suficients per formar-lo. La via de RanGTP es pot estudiar utilitzant extractes d’ous (EE) de Xenopus Laevis. L’addició de RanGTP activa un procés dinàmics de nucleació, estabilització i organització del MTs en asters i mini-fusos. Hem utilitzat la proteòmica com una aproximació per obtenir una visió global de la ruta de RanGTP i em descrit un interactoma dels RanGTP-MTs de 1263 proteïnes. A més, hem analitzat els canvis en aquest proteoma intentant correlacionar-los amb canvis en la dinàmica i l’organització observades al llarg de diferents temps d’incubació de l’EE amb RanGTP. Tot i que la composició del proteoma no varia, hem trobat diferents patrons de reclutament per varis grups de proteïnes. El proteoma inclou la majoria dels factors regulats per RanGTP en mitosis que es coneixen i te un elevat grau de solapament amb altres proteomes del fus i dels Taxol-MTs publicats prèviament. A més, conté un elevat nombre de proteïnes amb i sense roles descrits en varis processos cel·lulars. Hem utilitzat el proteoma dels RanGTP-MTs per identificar nous possibles factors regulats per Ran involucrats en la formació del fus. Hem identificat DnaJB6 com una proteïna regulada per Ran amb una funció en la formació del fus mitòtic. Hem descrit la interacció de DnaJB6 amb p150, dependent de RanGTP específicament en fase M. DnaJB6 afavoreix l’estabilització el complex Dynactin específicament en mitosis, regulant l’activitat de Dynein-Dynactin en l’establiment de la bipolaritat del fus mitòtic i la concentració dels extrems (-) dels MTs als pols del fus mitòtic.
A, S. Jijumon. "Systematic characterization of a large number of Microtubule-Associated Proteins using purification-free TIRF-reconstitution assays Purification of tubulin with controlled post-translational modifications by polymerization–depolymerization cycles Microtubule-Associated Proteins: Structuring the Cytoskeleton Purification of custom modified tubulin from cell lines and mouse brains by polymerization-depolymerization cycles." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL007.
Full textMicrotubules (MTs) are dynamic filaments involved in a plethora of functions such as cell division, cell shape, ciliary beating, neuronal differentiation. Strict regulation of MT functions is therefore of high importance for the cellular homeostasis, and any perturbations could potentially lead to diseases like cancer, ciliopathies and neurodegeneration. At the protein level, there are accumulating studies showing that MT properties can be controlled via interaction with a large variety of MT-associated proteins (MAPs). Our knowledge of MAPs has been enriched over time, but up to this date no systematic studies exist that aim to describe and categorize these proteins according to their binding mechanisms and structural effects on MTs. In my PhD project, I have developed an assay for rapid and systematic analysis of MAPs using cleared lysates of cultured human cells in which I overexpress a variety of different MAPs. The dynamic behaviour of growing MTs in the presence of those MAPs were imaged using TIRF microscopy. This allows me to study the behaviour of around 50 MAP candidates in a situation close to their natural environment, but eliminating complexity coming from different organelles and crammed cytoskeleton filaments inside the confined intracellular space. Indeed, most MAPs were nicely soluble in the extract approach, while purification attempts of several of them led to protein precipitation, thus making classical invitro reconstitution approaches impossible. This novel approach allowed me to compare many MAPs under similar experimental conditions, and helped to define several novel proteins as bona-fide MAPs. I demonstrate that previously uncharacterized MAPs have strikingly different effects on MT polymerization and MT structure, thus creating a variety of distinct MT arrays. I further extended this cell-free pipeline to study structures of MAPs bound to MTs by cryo-electron microscopy, or to study the MT interactions of MAPs carrying patient mutations. Finally, I demonstrated that my approach can be used to test the sensitivity of MAPs to tubulin PTMs, as well as to study the role of MAPs in actin-MT crosstalk. In the future, this novel approach will allow for a better mechanistic understanding of how MAPs and MTs together control cytoskeleton functions
Hunter, Andrew W. "Coupling of ATP hydrolysis to microtubule depolymerization by mitotic centromere-associated kinesin /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10549.
Full textPeronne, Lauralie. "Caractérisation d'un nouveau composé pharmacologique qui potentialise la réponse des cellules au paclitaxel (Taxol®)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV003.
Full textMicrotubules (MTs) targeting agents are a powerful weapon in the war against aggressive cancers. Paclitaxel (PTX) has been used successfully for the treatment of solid tumors for decades. Several features, including side-effects and resistance of some cancers make this drug not always effective. With the aim to identify new chemical compounds that sensitize cells to paclitaxel we screened a library of 8,000 compounds, to select those not toxic for cell cultures when applied alone, that become toxic when applied in combination with a non-toxic dose of paclitaxel. This lead to the selection of a carbazole derivative: carba1. In cells, the carba1/PTX combination has a greater cytotoxic effect than the addition of the effects of each drug assayed separately, indicating a synergistic effect. In addition, in-depth phenotypic analyzes indicate that the administration of carba1 amplify the effects of PTX.High doses of carba1 induce a cell blockade in prometaphase, but do not alter the MT network in interphase or mitosis. In contrast, in vitro, carba1 targets the tubulin colchicine binding site, causing a delay and a decrease in MT polymerization. Genetic studies conducted on yeast indicated other potential additional targets including CENP-E, an essential kinesin for chromosome alignment during mitosis.Studies conducted on a preclinical mouse model of aggressive breast cancer (orthotopic grafts) revealed that carba1 alone and carba1/PTX showed no toxicity. In addition, the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects of the carba1/PTX combination on these models have been encouraging, but an optimization of the posology is still needed. Carba1 is a new molecule, with previously unknown applications. This is why a declaration of invention, with a view to filing a patent, has been submitted to the CNRS
Barbu, Corina. "Der Einfluss des Tau-Proteins auf die Morphologie von Nervenzellen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-100213.
Full textGeyer, Veikko. "Characterization of the flagellar beat of the single cell green alga Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-130922.
Full textBouissou, Anaïs. "Rôle de la tubuline gamma et des protéines associées dans la dynamique des microtubules." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1151/.
Full textMicrotubules are highly dynamic polymers, essential in cell division. They are often organized from the centrosome where the protein Gamma-tubulin plays an important role in microtubule nucleation. Gamma-tubulin acts within two main complexes: a small Gamma-tubulin complex (Gamma-TuSC) is essential for viability and assembly of a functional spindle, and a larger complex (Gamma-TuRC) is required for efficient mitotic progression. The role of Gamma-TuRC-specific proteins is not well defined. Using RNAi-mediated depletion in Drosophila S2 cells, I studied the function of these non-essential Gamma-TuRC proteins in microtubule organisation and dynamics. In interphase, I show for the first time that Gamma-TuRCs, localized along microtubules, regulate microtubule dynamics, acting as pause factors. In mitosis, Gamma-TuRCs are associated with all microtubule subsets, including astral microtubules. The loss of Gamma-TuRCs alters astral microtubule dynamics, correlated with spindle positioning defects. Together, these results demonstrate that Gamma-TuRCs regulate microtubule dynamics in interphase and in mitosis. We propose that Gamma-TuRCs are essential to mediate non-centrosomal functions such as organization of cell type-specific microtubule networks or spindle positioning
Gallaud, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation du rôle d'Ensconsine / MAP7 dans la dynamique des microtubules et des centrosomes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S004/document.
Full textMitosis is a key step of the cell cycle that allows the mother cell to segregate its replicated genome equally into the two daughter cells. To do so, the cell assembles a highly dynamic structure composed of microtubules called the mitotic spindle. Additionally to its role in the faithful segregation of chromosomes, the mitotic spindle defines the axis of cell division. This phenomenon is particularly important for the asymmetric cell division in which cell fate determinants have to be unequally distributed between the two daughter cells. Spindle assembly and dynamics are subtly regulated by numerous microtubules-associated proteins. During my PhD, we identified using mass spectrometry, 855 proteins establishing the Drosophila embryo microtubule interactome. An RNAi screen was performed in the larval central nervous system for 96 poorly described genes, in order to identify new mitotic regulators. Based on microtubule interaction and mitotic phenotype, among 18 candidates we focused on Ensconsin/MAP7. We have shown that Ensconsin is associated with spindle microtubules and promotes their polymerization. Neuroblasts from mutant larvae display shorter spindles and a longer mitosis duration. This mitotic delay is a consequence of an extended activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which is essential for the proper chromosome segregation in the absence of Ensconsin. This study also showed that, in association with its interphase partner Kinesin-1, Ensconsin is involved in centrosome separation during interphase. As a result, mother and daughter centrosomes are randomly distributed between the daughter cells. In conclusion, we highlighted two news functions of Ensconsin : first, this protein promotes microtubule polymerization and is involved in spindle assembly ; second, Ensconsin and its partner Kinesin-1 regulate centrosome dynamics
Geyer, Veikko. "Characterization of the flagellar beat of the single cell green alga Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii." Doctoral thesis, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27378.
Full textTarga, Benjamin. "Dialogue entre SEPT9_i1 et polyglutamylation de la tubuline : coopération dans la chimiorésistance aux taxanes et dans la localisation microtubulaire des filaments de septines." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS183.
Full textAcquired resistance to the microtubule (MT)-stabilizing agent paclitaxel (Taxol®) is a major obstacle for successful chemotherapy and limits its use as an anticancer drug. We evidenced a new mechanism of Taxol® resistance acquired by MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells which is based on the restoration of MTs dynamics and involves i) two tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs); detyrosination/retyrosination and polyglutamylation, and ii) overexpression and relocalization from the actin microfilaments to the MT network of several septins, a family of filamentous GTPases implicated in cytokinesis and membrane compartmentalization. More precisely, a functional loop between septin recruitment to MTs and tubulin polyglutamylation has been uncovered: tubulin polyglutamylation stimulates septin association with MTs, and septins act as scaffold proteins for tubulin polyglutamylation enzymes, thus promoting the elongation of lateral polyglutamate chains. Altogether, these modifications enhance the recruitment to MTs of two +TIPs, the MT-depolymerizing kinesin MCAK and the rescue factor CLIP-170, which would in turn compensate for paclitaxel-mediated inhibition of MT dynamics.Studying the relative contribution of each of these actors in this new chemoresistance mechanism further showed that stimulation of tubulin polyglutamylation together with the overexpression of a panel of septins that comprised the SEPT9_i1 isoform were necessary and sufficient to relocate septin filaments from actin microfilaments to MTs, to increase the binding of CLIP-170 and MCAK to MTs and to induce Taxol®-resistance, not only in MDA-MB 231but also in several other Taxol®-sensitive cell lines (RPE-1, HeLa and CHO). The analysis of this phenomenon also showed that, in Taxol®-sensitive cells, MTs play an essential role in the assembly and subcellular localization of septin filaments to actin microfilaments, and that a kinesin1-dependent transport is involved
Zelinski, Björn [Verfasser], Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Kierfeld, and Kai Phillip [Gutachter] Schmidt. "Polymerization kinetics of single microtubules and microtubule bundles under force and confinement / Björn Zelinski. Betreuer: Jan Kierfeld. Gutachter: Kai Phillip Schmidt." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1101595396/34.
Full textRobbins, Miller Kelly. "Investigation of Interactions between Rev and Microtubules: Purification of Wild-type and Mutant Rev Protein and Optimization of Microtubule Depolymerization Assays." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1188405424.
Full textKawamura, Eiko. "Mechanisms of microtubule dynamics regulation by the MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION 1 protein." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31198.
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Botany, Department of
Graduate
Nechipurenko, Inna. "FoxO limits microtubule stability and is itself negatively regulated by microtubule disruption." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333500439.
Full textBoulan, Benoit. "Etude de l'implication de CRMP4, un partenaire de MAP6, dans la voie de signalisation sémaphorine 3E." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV001.
Full textStudy of the involvement of the MAP6 partners, CRMP4, in the semaphorin 3E signaling pathway.During embryonic development, neurons establish billion of connections between them. Those connections are not random. On the contrary, they are precisely targeted thanks to the driving by cellular environment guidance cues. A wrong branching of those neurons can lead to dramatic impairment of sensory, motor and cognitive function of the central nervous system resulting in neurologic or psychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia. Thus, mutation of proteins implicated on neurons guidance like MAP6 or CRMP4 can lead to susceptibility for those kind of pathology occurrence. In fact, MAP6 deletion ( MAP6 KO mice) leads to diverse neuronal connectivity alterations associated to schizophrenia-like behavior disorders. Among axonal tracts affected we notice the absence of the fornix known for its implication on Schizophrenia. In MAP6 KO mice, this fornix disruption is partly due to the loss of semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) dependant signaling pathway. This project shows the involvement of CRMP4, a partner of MAP6, in the Sema3E signaling pathway. Furthermore, it characterized the impact of the CRMP4 deletion (CRMP4 KO) on fornix formation. Finally, neuroanatomical studies allowed us to identify unknown alteration of MAP6 KO mice connectivity alteration
Hervy, Jordan. "Modélisation de l'interaction dynamique protéines Tau - microtubules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY062/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease, some frontotemporal dementias such as the Pick’s disease are examples of neurodegenerative diseases called "Tauopathies" which are characterized by the presence of intracellular aggregates of Tau-proteins in the brain of patients. The formation of such aggregates would result from the loss of the normal functions of the Tau-proteins to properly organize the microtubule network within the axon ; which leads to a progressive loss of microtubule’s mass within the axons, the disorganization of the axonal transport and at the end, the cell death. To understand the Tauopathies, we have to understand :- the dynamic of microtubules which is controlled by the mechanisms of the dynamic instability in which microtubules switch between a phase of growth (polymerization of GTP) and a phase of shrinkage (dissociation of GDP)- the interaction between Tau-proteins and microtubules which play an important role in the polymerization, stabilization and spatial organization of microtubules within the axonal network.The objective of this work is to build and consolidate the blocks in order to go to precise modeling of the interaction of microtubules with a dynamic population of Tau-proteins. To this purpose, two problems were considered : (i) the intrinsic dynamic of microtubules (i.e., in absence of Tau-proteins) and (ii) the interaction between Tau-proteins and a stabilized-microtubules (i.e., in absence of dynamic instability)In order to this, the work has been done according to two approaches :- Theoretical : development of mathematical models describing the different process.- Simulation : development of Monte-Carlo programs (under Matlab)The main results have been organized in two main parts :1) Development of a mesoscopic model describing the dynamic instability of microtubules at the scale of the tubulin. This model describes the non-Markovian dynamic of microtubules and the characteristics are compatible with the experimental observations.2) Development of a model describing the dynamical decoration of a microtubule by a population of Tau-proteins. The characteristics of the model are based, for the construction, and compatible with the experimental observations
Gal, Naama. "Microrheology of microtubule networks." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99179.
Full textManser, E. J. "Aspects of microtubule assembly." Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484401.
Full textThomas, Alexandre. "Rôle des microtubules lors de la division asymétrique des neuroblastes chez Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B012.
Full textD. melanogaster neuroblast is a neural stem cell which divides asymmetrically to generate a self-renewing neuroblast, and a GMC committed in a differentiation pathway. This division is asymmetric by the differential segregation of cell fate determinants, inherited by the two daughter cells, but also asymmetric by the size, where the neuroblast is larger than the GMC. Originally two pathways have been identified, cell polarity and central spindle, for the control of asymmetric cleavage furrow positioning in these cells. We revealed that the determination and maintenance of cleavage furrow position require a third mechanism involving the peripheral microtubules. This microtubule sub-population is observed during cytokinesis in contact with the cleavage furrow. Moreover, we showed that the position of the central spindle is spatially separated from the cleavage furrow position, being slightly shifted toward the apical pole, suggesting that it is not required for its determination. Furthermore, we highlighted that the diminution of peripheral microtubules is associated with a relocalisation of the cleavage furrow toward the central spindle position, leading to a less asymmetric division. To conclude this study reveals that a third mechanism, depending on peripheral microtubules, is essential for the fidelity of the neuroblast asymmetric division in Drosophila melanogaster
Arslan, Mélis. "Micromechanical modeling of microtubules." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP1684.
Full textMicrotubules serve as one of the structural components of the cell and take place in some of the important cellular functions such as mitosis and vesicular transport. Microtubules comprise of tubulin subunits tubulin dimers arranged in a cylindrical beta and formed by alpha hollow tube structure with a diameter of 20nm. They are typically comprised of 13 or 14 protofilaments arranged in spiral configurations. The longitudinal bonds between the tubulin dimers are much stiffer and stronger than the lateral bonds. This implies the anisotropic structure and properties of the microtubule. In this work, the aim is to define a complete set of elastic properties that capture the atomistic behavior and track the deformation of the microtubules under different loading conditions. A seamless microtubule wall is represented as a two dimensional triangulated lattice of dimers from which a representative volume element can be defined. A harmonic potential is adapted for the dimer–dimer interactions. Estimating the lattice elastic constants and following the methodology from the analysis of the mechanical behavior of triangulated spectrin network of the red blood cell membrane (Arslan and Boyce, 2006); a general continuum level constitutive model of the mechanical behavior of the microtubule lattice wall is developed. The model together with the experimental data given in the literature provides an insight to defining the parameters required for the discrete numerical model created in finite element analysis medium. The three point bending simulations for a microtubule modeled using shell elements, give tube bending stiffness values that are in accordance with the experimental bending stiffness values. The micrographs also show that shrinking ends of microtubules (due to microtubule instabilities) curl out. This implies the existence of prestress. A “connector model” is proposed to include the effect of the prestress and to capture the dynamic instabilities of microtubules
Reis, Rita Margarida Duarte Pires dos. "The involvement of the protein Mast in microtubule dynamics and kinetochore-microtubule interactions." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/24551.
Full textReis, Rita Margarida Duarte Pires dos. "The involvement of the protein Mast in microtubule dynamics and kinetochore-microtubule interactions." Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/24551.
Full textRocha, de Souza Cecilia. "Role of glycylating enzyme TTLL3 in colon cancer." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T019.
Full textTubulin posttranslational modifications are involved in the regulation of many microtubule functions. Glycylation has been related to the stability and maintenance of motile cilia in different organisms including mammals. We had previously shown that some colon-cancer related mutations in the glycylating enzyme TTLL3 lead to a complete loss of enzymatic activity, which brought up a surprising link between this rather cilia-specific tubulin modification and cancer. To evaluate potential role of glycylation in colon carcinoma formation we first confirmed the link between TTLL3 and colon cancer in a greater cohort of patients. We next studied TTLL3-knockout mice, which strikingly did not show any obvious phenotypic alterations or spontaneous cancer development. However, when submitted to a murine model of chemically induced colon carcinoma, TTLL3-knockout mice show a higher level of tumor formation, pointing towards an acceleration of colon cancer development. Because glycylation of microtubules has been specifically detected on ciliary tubulin, we next analysed the presence of primary cilia in colon epithelium. While in most organs and tissues a second glycylating enzyme, TTLL8, is expressed, TTLL3 is the unique enzyme in colon. We found a significantly reduced number of primary cilia in TTLL3-KO colon epithelium, suggesting that similar to motile cilia, primary cilia are maintained by glycylation of the axonemal tubulin. Moreover, we measured a strongly increased mitotic index in colon epithelial cells isolated from TTLL3-KO mice, indicating that his loss of cilia is accompanied by decreased level of cell cycle control. Thus we have demonstrated for the first time a tight link between the posttranslational glycylation of the microtubule cytoskeleton, the control of cell cycle and the acceleration of cancer development
Osseni, Alexis. "Un lien entre les triades et les microtubules dans la cellule musculaire : Rôle de la triadine et de CLIMP-63." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV066/document.
Full textMuscle contraction is achieved when an efficient excitation signal at the plasma membrane triggers intracellular calcium release. This process called “excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling” relies on a macromolecular protein complex, spanning the plasma membrane and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), containing the calcium channel of the SR, the ryanodine receptor (RyR1). This calcium release complex is present exclusively in highly organized membrane structures called triads. A triad is composed of two SR terminal cisternae surrounding a plasma membrane transverse-tubule.This architecture is essential to sustain the activity of the calcium channel RyR1, which is located in the membrane of SR terminal cisternae. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms allowing the formation and maintenance of SR terminal cisternae. Triadin is a member of this complex, present in the SR membrane and interacting with RyR1. Deletion of the triadin gene leads to partial disorganisation of SR membranes in skeletal muscles, with abnormal orientation of part of the triads. Triadin could play a role in the structure of sarcoplasmic reticulum to allow efficient E-C coupling. We have shown that triadin could indirectly interact with the microtubules, and therefore anchor the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the microtubule network (Fourest-Lieuvin, J Cell Science, 2012). Using mass spectrometry analysis of proteins co-immunoprecipitated with triadin, we have identified a new partner of triadin, CLIMP-63 which could be involved in this function. CLIMP-63 is a shaping protein able to mediate the anchoring of the reticulum to microtubules and to maintain the shape of endoplasmic reticulum. We have dissected the interacting domains between CLIMP-63 and triadin, and study the consequences of this association for muscle function, and triad formation or maintenance
Kulacz, Wojciech. "Regulation of Inverted Formin-1 (INF1) by Microtubule-Affinity Regulating Kinase 2 (MARK2)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22801.
Full textMessin, Liam J. "Spatial control of microtubule shrinkage." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/94871/.
Full textZUCCA, FEDERICO. "ASTRAL MICROTUBULE REGULATION IN MITOSIS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/790260.
Full textGaidar, Sergii, and Stefan Diez. "Dancing along microtubules." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-182537.
Full textLanza, Daniel Carlos Ferreira. "A proteina FEZ1 : pouca organização estrutural, atividades associadas a elementos do citoesqueleto e formação do fenotipo "flower like"." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314353.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A proteína FEZ1 foi caracterizada inicialmente como um ortólogo da proteína UNC76 de C. elegans, responsável pelo desenvolvimento e fasciculação neuronal nesse verme. Estudos subsequentes demonstraram sua atuação em processos de desenvolvimento neuronal, polarização celular, mecanismos de transporte associado à kinesinas e transporte de vesículas e mitocôndrias. Outros trabalhos demonstraram que a superexpressão de FEZ1 interfere no ciclo de vida de alguns tipos de vírus como HIV e JCV. FEZ1 é capaz de interagir com mais de 51 proteínas diferentes, e participa em muitos processos celulares. Observamos que FEZ1 apresenta ausência de estrutura molecular rígida, sendo pertencente à classe das natively unfolded proteins, e é capaz de formar dímeros em solução. Essa observação condiz com sua extrema capacidade de interagir com muitas proteínas diferentes. A capacidade de FEZ1 interagir com outras proteínas é influenciada pela fosforilação da sua região C-terminal por diferentes isoformas de PKC. FEZ1 interage e colocaliza com NEK1 e com CLASP2 em células de mamífero, em uma região candidata ao centrossomo. Essas interações são dependentes da região coiled-coil presente na parte C-terminal de FEZ1, e ocorrem em regiões coiled-coil de CLASP2 e NEK1. A interação com CLASP2 é rompida quando FEZ1 é fosforilada por PKC. A superexpressão de FEZ1 causa o fenótipo flower like observado em células de alguns tipos de leucemia. Nós observamos que FEZ1 interage e colocaliza com a e ?-tubulinas e que a formação desse fenótipo em células HEK293 ocorre devido a uma alteração na organização dos microtúbulos causada pelo excesso de FEZ1. A formação do fenótipo flower like é influenciada por ativação das vias de PKC e PI3K. Os dados obtidos durante o nosso trabalho indicam que FEZ1 é uma proteína intrinsecamente desenovelada, que atua em processos celulares associados ao citoesqueleto e centrossomo em conjunto com NEK1 e CLASP2, e que defeitos em sua regulação, possivelmente pelas vias de PKC ou PI3K, causam alteração da organização dos microtúbulos originando núcleos flower like.
Abstract: FEZ1 was identified first as a orthologue of C elegans UNC-76 protein, that plays functions related to neuronal development in this worm. Subsequent studies, shows FEZ1 functions in neuronal development process, cell polarization, transport mechanisms associated to kinesins and vesicular and mitochondrial transports. Other works showed that FEZ1 superexpression interfere in the life cycle of some viral types such as HIV and JCV. FEZ1 is able to interact with more than 51 different proteins and participates in several cellular processes. We observed that FEZ1 has a mobile molecular structure, is a member of the natively unfolded protein class, and can form dimers in solution. This observation is in agreement with its capacity to interact with a large number of different proteins. The capacity of FEZ1 to interact with other proteins is influenced by different PKC isoforms phosphorylation in its C-terminal region. FEZ1 interacts and co-localizes with NEK1 and CLASP2 in a centrossomal candidate region of mammalian cells. These interactions are dependent of a coiled coil inside the C-terminal region of FEZ1, and occur in dependence of coiled coil regions of NEK1 and CLASP2. The interaction between FEZ1 and CLASP2 is abolished after FEZ1 phosphorylation by PKC. The FEZ1 overexpression causes the flower like phenotype observed in cells of some leukemias. We observed that FEZ1 interacts and co-localizes with _ and _-tubulins and that the phenotype formation in HEK293 cells is mediated by an atypical organization of microtubule spindles, caused by overexpression of FEZ1. The flower like phenotype formation is influenced by activation of PKC and PI3K pathways. The data generated by our work indicate that FEZ1 is an intrinsically unfolded protein, that works in cellular processes associated to the cytoskeleton in conjunct with NEK1 and CLASP2, and that defects in its regulation, maybe via the PKC or PI3K pathways, causes alterations in microtubule organization and formation of the "flower like" nuclei.
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Farache, Dorian. "Etude des fonctions de GCP4, 5 et 6 dans l'assemblage du complexe de nucléation des microtubules." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30231/document.
Full textMicrotubules are highly dynamic components of the cytoskeleton. gammatubulin is found at the centrosome where it forms a microtubule nucleation complex together with GCPs 2-6, the gamma-TuRC. GCPs 2-6 form a conserved family of proteins characterised by two conserved domains called GRIP1 and 2. The gamma-TuRC functions as a structural template for microtubule nucleation. The gamma-TuRC is composed of smaller subcomplexes called gamma-TuSC. Each gamma-TuSC is composed by one GCP2, one GCP3 and two gamma?tubulins. GCP2 and GCP3 interact via their N-terminal domain and bind gamma tubulin through their C-terminal domain. Several gamma-TuSCs can assemble laterally to form a one-turn helix with the two ends overlapping. The atomic structure of GCP4 fits almost perfectly in the place of GCP2 and GCP3 within the gamma-TuSC envelope obtained by electron microscopy suggesting a strong structural conservation among GCPs. Hence, GCP4, 5 and 6 may be part of the helix. During the course of my thesis, I studied the relative position of GCPs 4, 5, 6 within the gamma-TuRC. To this aim, I developed a domain swapping and mutagenesis approaches. I also combined FLIM-FRET and immunoprecipitation strategies. I have been able to show that the N-terminal domains of GCPs define their identity while the C-terminal domains can be swapped. My results also indicate that GCP4 and GCP5 establish gamma-TuSC like interactions within the gamma-TuRC. I also isolated a complex containing GCP4, 5, 6 and gamma tubulin independently of the gamma-TuRC. My thesis provides the first experimental evidence supporting the model where GCP4, 5 and 6 are part of the gamma-TuRC helix where they form a sub-complex localised at a defined position
Hage-Sleiman, Rouba. "Impact of tululin binding cofactor C (TBCC) on microtubule mass and dynamics, cell cycle, tumor growth and response to chemotherapy in breast cancer." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10085/document.
Full textThe proper folding pathway of α and β-tubulin into the α/β-tubulin heterodimers involve five Tubulin Binding Cofactors (TBCA to TBCE). TBCC plays a crucial role in the formation of polymerization-competent the α/β-tubulin heterodimers. To evaluate the impact of microtubule mass and dynamics on the phenotype and chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells, we targeted TBCC in human breast adenocarcinoma and developed variants of breast cancer cells with modified content of TBCC. We have shown that the modifications in TBCC expression level influenced tubulin fraction distribution and microtubule dynamics. Cell cycle distribution and the durations of mitosis and S-phase were altered. The proliferation rate in vitro was slightly modified whereas in vivo the TBCC variants presented major differences in tumor growth capacity. Chemosensitivity to antimicrotubule agents (paclitaxel and vinorelbine) as well as to gemcitabine was observed to be dependent on the cell cycle distribution of the TBCC variants. These results underline the essential role of fine tuned regulation of tubulin content in tumor cells and the major impact of dysregulation of tubulin dimer content on tumor cell phenotype, cell cycle progression and response to chemotherapy. A better understanding of how the microtubule cytoskeleton is dysregulated in cancer cells would greatly contribute to a better understanding of tumor cell biology and characterization of resistant phenotypes
Shukla, Nandini Y. "Investigation of Microtubule dynamics and novel Microtubule-associated proteins in growth and development of the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149276142029341.
Full textMogessie, Binyam. "Control of microtubule based processes in dividing and differentiating cells by the microtubule associated protein MAP4." Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542664.
Full textLetort, Gaelle. "Exploration par simulations numériques de l'auto-organisation du cytosquelette sous conditions géométriquement contrôlées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS048/document.
Full textThe cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in cellular processes, including cell division, adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. One of its main compenent, the actin filaments, a polarised semi-flexible polymer, contributes to these processes by forming specific collective architectures, whose structural organisations are essential to perform their functions. A major challenge in cell biology is to understand how the cell can form such a variety of organisations by using the same basic entity, the actin monomers. Recently we discovered that limiting actin nucleation to specific regions was sufficient to obtain actin networks with different organization (Reymann et al., 2010). However, our understanding of the general parameters involved in geometrically-driven actin assembly was limited. To understand mechanistically how spatially constraining actin nucleation determines the emergent actin organization, I performed detailed simulations of the actin filament system using Cytosim, a simulation tool dedicated to cytoskeleton system. I found that geometry, actin filaments local interactions, bundle rigidity, and nucleation efficiency are the key parameters controlling the emergent actin architecture. This study sets the foundation for our understanding of actin cellular organization by identifying a reduced set of components that were sufficient to realistically reproduce in silico the emergence of the different types of actin organization (branched actin network, parallel or anti parallel actin bundles). We can now predict for any given nucleation geometry which structures will form.Being able to control the formation of specific structures in-vitro and in-silico, we used the combination of both methods to study how the interplay between actin network architecture and its biochemical composition affects its contractile response. We highlighted the importance of the connectivity between filaments in the structures. Indeed, a loosely connected network cannot have a global behavior, but undergoes only local deformations. A highly connected network will be too rigid to be efficiently deformed by molecular motors. Only for an intermediate range of network connectivity the structures will contract, with an amplitude that depends notably on actin filaments organisation. This work explains how architecture and connectivity govern actin network contractility.Finally, the microtubules are also essential actors of cellular processes. Being long and rigid, they serve as sensors of the cellular shape and can organize the position of organelles in the cytoplasm. Their spatial distribution in the cell is thus a crucial cellular feature. this distribution is determined in a vast number of cell types by the position of the centrosome, an organelle that nucleates the majority of microtubules. Quite strinkingly, the centrosome is able to find the center of the cell in a lot of different physiological conditions, but can nonetheless adopt a decentered position in specific cellular processes. How this positioning is controled is not yet fully understood, but a few potential mechanims have been proposed (Manneville et al., 2006; Zhu et al., 2010). I used the simulations to explore different mechanisms taht can explain the position of the centrosome under different conditions. These results offer theorical considerations as a basis to assess which mechanism might prevail in a specific experimental system and may help to design new experimental setups.The simulations that I developed helped to study some specific behavior, by giving new insights into cytoskeleton collective organisations. These simulations can be further used as predictive tool or adapted to other experimental systems
Gordon, David. "Microtubule dependent events in oligodendrocyte myelination /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17652.pdf.
Full textBellett, Gemma Louise. "Microtubule deployment in polarised epithelial cells." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426441.
Full textSchmidt, Jens C. (Jens Christopher). "Molecular mechanisms of kinetochore microtubule attachment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77551.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
To ensure equal chromosome segregation during mitosis, the macromolecular kinetochore must remain attached to depolymerizing microtubules, which drive poleward chromosome movement. Microtubules are highly dynamic structures that undergo dramatic structural changes during depolymerization. The results presented in this thesis define essential functions of the Astrin-SKAP-LC8 and Skal complexes at the kinetochore-microtubule interface. First, we demonstrate that the Astrin-SKAP-LC8 complex localizes preferentially to kinetochores of bioriented sister chromatids. Localization of the Astrin-SKAP-LC8 complex to kinetochores is controlled by a key regulator of kinetochore-microtubule attachments, Aurora B kinase. The Astrin-SKAP-LC8 complex is essential for mitotic progression and directly associates with microtubules. Furthermore, the microtubule polymerization factor CLASP requires the Astrin-SKAP-LC8 complex to localize to kinetochores. Second, we demonstrate that the Skal complex has many of the biochemical and biophysical properties of a molecular machine that can couple microtubule depolymerization to chromosome movement. The Skal complex diffuses on and tracks with depolymerizing microtubules and its microtubule binding activity is necessary to maintain kinetochore-fibers and power chromosome oscillations during metaphase. Importantly, we demonstrate that the Skal complex directly interacts with the peeling protofilaments present at the depolymerizing microtubule end, suggesting a unique mechanism by which the Skal complex remains attached to depolymerizing microtubules. Finally, we demonstrate that the Skal microtubule-binding domain has two conserved basic regions that are required for microtubule binding and are subject to regulation by Aurora B kinase. In total, we define essential properties of the Astrin-SKAP-LC8 and Skal complex required for the formation of kinetochore microtubule attachments.
by Jens C. Schmidt.
Ph.D.
Rymut, Sharon Marie. "Microtubule Regulation in Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1432730616.
Full textZhou, Jing Cao. "Microtubule-templated nanowire and nanowire arrays." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495961141&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textNolte, Elsie. "Etude du potentiel pro-apoptotique et radiosensibilisateur de quatre candidats-médicaments régulateurs des microtubules, sur des cellules de cancer du sein." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV002.
Full textMicrotubule targeting agents are effective anti-cancer drugs. Their use as part of a combined treatment modality with ionising radiation is also a promising strategy. However, the emergence of resistance to chemical and radiation requires searching for alternative treatments. Our laboratories have recently described two drugs that directly or indirectly target the microtubules. Firstly, an analogue of 2-methoxyestradiol, a spindle poison binding to microtubules and causing the formation of abnormal mitotic spindles. This is 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5 (10) 16-tetraene (ESE-16). Secondly, 9-benzoyloxy-5,11-dimethyl-2H, 6H-pyrido [4,3-b] carbazol-1-one (LimPyr1), a novel inhibitor of LIM kinases indirectly inducing microtubule stabilization. It has been recently shown that LimPyr1 is active on taxol-resistant breast cancer models. As microtubule-targeting drugs, both agents, ESE-16 and LimPyr1, induce mitotic defects. We thus hypothesize that they could sensitize cells to radiation. The aim of this PhD project was to test that hypothesis and, more specifically, to investigate whether low-dose ESE-16 and LimPyr1 could increase apoptosis and delay nuclear repair induced by radiation in breast cancer cells in vitro.Various cancer cell lines, MCF-7-, MDA-MB-231- and BT-20 cells, were exposed to ESE-16 and LimPyr1 for 24-hours prior to 8 Gy radiation. The effects of these combination therapies were compared to those obtained from cells exposed to the compounds alone or only to radiation. The activation of the survival and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were investigated. Results revealed an increase in survival and -death signaling in cells exposed to the individual treatments. The combination treatments decreased the cell survival while apoptotic signaling was increased, resulting in increased apoptosis. Furthermore, the combination treatments significantly increased the presence of micronuclei in BT-20 cells, indicating an increase in DNA damage. MCF-7- and MDA-MB-231 cells displayed similar micronuclei formation when exposed to the combination treatments or radiation only. Phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX) (normally increased upon DNA damage) and Ku70 expression (required for DNA repair) were decreased in pretreated breast cancer cells 2 hours after irradiation compared to cells exposed to irradiation only. The expression of H2AX and Ku70, however, is significantly increased 24 hours after irradiation of the pretreated cells relative to the cells exposed to the individual treatmentsExperiments investigating the adaptive response revealed that LimPyr1 decreased radiation resistance development by increasing the permeability of the mitochondrial transmembrane (flow cytometry measuring Mitocapture™) and the generation of ROS (flow cytometry employing hydroethidine), a mechanism not observed in ESE-16 pre-treated cells. We also observed an intercellular communication between cells exposed to radiation and non-exposed cells via the radiation induced bystander effect.In conclusion, the anti-mitotic effect of ESE-16 and LimPyr1 renders the chromosomes more exposed to radiation damage, as assessed by the increased occurrence of micronuclei. Moreover, both compounds decrease the signaling and trafficking of DNA damage and repair proteins. Additionally, LimPyr1 prevented the development of radiation resistance in cells exposed to radiation
Le, Grand Marion. "La protéine Akt, lien entre mitochondries et microtubules dans le mécanisme d'action des agents anti-microtubules ou quand les MTA s'invitent dans de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5017/document.
Full textMicrotubule-Targeting Agents (MTA) are a broad group of anticancer drugs that are currently administered in a lot of cancers. Nevertheless, they can cause undesired side effects and can lose their effectiveness as a result of resistance development. The main objective of my PhD work was to characterize the MTA’s mechanism of action in order to optimize their administration in the future. In the first part, we demonstrated the important role of the kinase Akt in MTA effects. In the second part, we evaluated the interest to combine MTA with anti-Akt drugs. We observed that MTA efficacy is highly important with Akt targeting drugs, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma. These promising results will need further explorations in order to develop more convenient cancer therapy strategies
Barnat, Monia. "Régulation de la dynamique des microtubules lors de la régénération axonale adulte : étude des voies de signalisation contrôlant la phosphorylation et la fonction de MAP1B (Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B)." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066604.
Full textVaillant, Andrew R. "Microtubule-associated protein 1a, analysis of its microtubule binding domain and its function in differentiating P19 neurons." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0014/NQ28379.pdf.
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