Academic literature on the topic 'Microwave diathermy'

Background: Back pain affects 60-80% of people at some time in their lives. Back pain is the most common cause of sickness-related work absence. Microwave diathermy could be an important treatment modality. Very few studies have been conducted in our country in this regard. Aims: To determine the effects of microwave diathermy in relieving symptoms of chronic low back pain when applied along with other conventional therapies like drug and exercise. Methods: Total 50 patients with chronic low back pain coming to OPD, DMCH were divided randomly into two groups and treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, exercises, activities of daily living instructions and with or without microwave diathermy. Thereafter, the patients were evaluated weekly. After six weeks of treatment, improvements were observed in both the groups. Results: significant difference (P=0) in improvement was found in microwave diathermy group than in non-diathermy group. Conclusion: This study suggests that microwave diathermy is effective in treatment of patients with chronic low back pain. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2011; Vol. 27 (2) : 64-68 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v27i2.17544

Objective: To Analyze the association between prevalence of fatigue referred by physical therapists and their occupational exposure to radiation emitted by therapeutic microwave diathermy equipment. Methods: A Cross-sectional study conducted in 193 physical therapists from four cities of the west of Paraná State, Brazil. A specified structured web questionnaire was applied for collecting data about microwave diathermy exposition and potential confounders, plus the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF). Statistical analysis included logistic regression and Student's t-test. Results: The prevalence of fatigue in the category exposed to microwave diathermy was higher (15.0%) than in non-exposed (2.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, a significant independent association between exposure to microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue was observed (odds ratio 4.93; 95% confidence interval 1.04 - 23.25; p = 0.04). The Student's t-test showed significant difference between the number of hours exposed to diathermy microwave, being 3,839.1 within physical therapists who referred fatigue and 497.6 within others (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The results demonstrate a significant and independent association between occupational exposure of physical therapists to radiation of microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue. Therefore, occupational safety guidelines aimed at these professionals as a prevention of possible adverse effects, as well as the replication of this study are suggested.

Objective This study was performed to review the current evidence for the efficacy of shortwave and microwave diathermy in promoting nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries in both animal models and human patients. Methods An extensive literature search was conducted without publication data restrictions. Studies including the intervention and outcome in animal or human models were selected. Non-English studies, reviews, letters, and case reports were excluded. Results Eleven articles were included in this study. Shortwave diathermy at the frequency of 27.12 or 40.68 MHz was used in six of seven animal studies, while only one study utilized microwave diathermy at 915 MHz. Seven animal experiments demonstrated that shortwave or microwave diathermy produces an increased myelinated nerve fiber number, myelin sheath thickness, and axon diameter as well as improved electrophysiological parameters and locomotion. A total of 128 patients (207 wrists) were enrolled in four clinical studies. The clinical use of diathermy in human patients with carpal tunnel syndrome showed positive effects on pain, hand function, and electrophysiological findings. Conclusions Shortwave or microwave diathermy can improve the electrophysiological parameters, myelinated fiber number, and axon diameter of the injured nerve.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low-level laser therapy and continuous microwave diathermy on the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and to establish their efficacy as an alternative therapeutic modality. Materials and methods: Laser fluence of 13 Joules (J)/cm2, 18 J/cm2 and 30 J/cm2 were used against several bacterial strains. Microwave dosages of 25, 50 and 100 watts (W) were used, respectively. Results: A significant difference between the three groups was observed using repeated analysis of variance (RANOVA) (F value: 0.74, and p value: 0.001). The Greenhouse–Geisser correction (GG) revealed significant results for laser irradiation alone. However, effect size calculation showed effects with microwave diathermy as well as laser fluence. Conclusions: Low-level laser therapy appears to be an effective modality of treatment when compared with continuous microwave diathermy on the Gram-negative and the Gram-positive bacterial strains tested. Microwave diathermy revealed large and medium effects on the bacterial cell counts with dominant effects on Gram-negative strains.

Penguluran atau kontraksi yang berlebihan dan berulang yang berlangsung dalam waktu lama menyebabkan otot mengalami spasme yang akhirnya menyebabkan nyeri hingga keterbatasan gerak sendi leher/cervical.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh pemberian microwave diathermy dengan ultrasound pada penerapan muscle energy Technique terhadap perubahan nyeri akibat spasme otot upper trapezius Penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperimen menggunakan pretest-posttest two group design. Populasi penelitian adalah semua pasien nyeri leher (cervical syndrome) yang berkunjung di Poliklinik Fisioterapi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Salewangan Maros selama penelitian berlangsung. Sampel penelitian pasien nyeri leher yang berkunjung di poliklinik Fisioterapi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Salewangang Maros yang diperoleh dengan teknik purposive sampling sehingga jumlah sampel 20 orang yang dibagi atas dua kelompok.Hasil penelitian diperoleh adanya perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian microwave diathermy dan muscle energy technique dengan selisih rata-rata nilai aktualitas nyeri 2.73 + 0.40 cm dengan hasil uji wilcoxon p=0.005 < α= 0.05. Sedangkan pada intervensi ultrasound dan muscle energy technique diperoleh selisih rata-rata nilai aktualitas nyeri 2.96 + 0.56 cm dengan hasil uji wilcoxon p= 0.005 < α= 0.05. Pada uji Mann-Whitney tidak diperoleh adanya perbedaan yang signifikan diantara kedua perlakuan, dimana selisih nilai rata-rata VAS 0.2 cm dengan p= 0.40 > α= 0.05.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ada perubahan aktualitas nyeri sebelum dan sesudah pemberian microwave diathermy dan muscle energy technique serta ultrasound dan muscle energy technique pada pasien nyeri leher. Tidak ada perbedaan perubahan aktualitas nyeri diantara kedua kelompok perlakuan. Kata Kunci : Microwave diathermy, Ultrasound, muscle energy technique, Nyeri leher

My thesis is focused on design of a microwave diathermy therapeutic machine. Its main goal is to improve a shape, technical solution, ergonomics and visual aspects of nowadays microwave diathermy machines and to innovate this part of technology, ergonomics, economics and the usage of this device on the field of physiotherapeutical care.

Introdução: O fisioterapeuta utiliza-se de vários equipamentos eletro-eletrônicos que emitem radiação eletromagnética para fins terapêuticos. Entre esses, o equipamento de diatermia por micro-ondas de alta frequência, sendo essa de 2,45 GHz. Nesse procedimento terapêutico, é possível ter perdas variáveis da energia irradiada por reflexão e por dispersão, desde o aplicador até a área a ser tratada. Assim, o profissional que opera o equipamento de diatermia por micro-ondas, é exposto a essa radiação diariamente durante anos. Adicionalmente a esse cenário ocupacional, observa-se que o fisioterapeuta, de modo geral, tem raras atitudes de proteção ocupacional durante essas aplicações, tornando o ambiente de trabalho, bem como a si mesmo, passivos de situações de riscos não controlados e, consequentemente, efeitos adversos podem ocorrer. Com a finalidade de contribuir na elucidação de indicadores que despertem o interesse das autoridades relacionadas com a vigilância e legislação em saúde no que se refere à segurança de profissionais envolvidos direta ou indiretamente com a terapia de diatermia por micro-ondas, realizou-se este estudo. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a prevalência de morbidades referidas por fisioterapeutas e a exposição destes profissionais à radiação emitida por equipamentos terapêuticos de diatermia por micro-ondas. Metodologia: Realizou-se estudo de corte transversal com 193 fisioterapeutas de quatro Municípios da Região Oeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Aplicou-se, via eletrônica, questionário estruturado especialmente para a coleta de dados sobre a exposição ocupacional à radiação de diatermia por micro-ondas, potenciais fatores de confusão e morbidades, acrescido do questionário de Avaliação Multidimensional de Fadiga (MAF) e do Questionário de Avaliação da Incapacidade por Enxaqueca (MIDAS). A análise estatística incluiu regressão logística e Teste t de Student. Resultados: Observou-se associações significantes entre a exposição de fisioterapeutas à radiação de diatermia por micro-ondas e o uso de lentes de correção da visão (p = 0,02; OR: 3,56; IC 95%: 1,15 - 10,96), a fadiga (p= 0,04; OR: 4,93; IC 95%: 1,04 - 23,25) e a neoplasias (p = 0,008; OR: 32,05; IC 95%: 2,46 - 416,96). Os resultados obtidos no Teste t de Student, relacionados com exposição ocupacional à radiação de diatermia por micro-ondas e fadiga (p = 0,004), uso de lentes de correção da visão (p < 0,001) e neoplasias (p < 0,001), apresentaram-se consistentes com os resultados obtidos nas análises univariada e multivariada para esses desfechos. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram associação significante entre exposição ocupacional de fisioterapeutas à radiação de diatermia por micro-ondas e uso de lentes de correção da visão, fadiga e neoplasias. Portanto, são sugeridas orientações de segurança ocupacional, dirigidas a estes profissionais, como medida preventiva de possíveis efeitos adversos, e a replicação deste estudo.
Introduction: Various electroelectronic equipments that emit electromagnetic radiation for therapeutic purposes are employed by physiotherapists. Among these is the equipment for diathermy with microwave high frequency (2.45 GHz). During this procedure of treatment different levels of losses by reflection and scattering of the radiated energy from the applicator to the area to be treated are possible. Thus, the equipment operator is exposed to this radiation daily for years. In addition to this occupational setting, physiotherapists seldom do maintain occupational protection attitudes for these applications, doing the work environment, as themselves, passive in risk and not controlled situations. Therefore, adverse effects may occur. In order to contribute to elucidate indicators and arouse the authorities care over surveillance and health legislation regarding professional\'s security, directly or indirectly involved with the therapy by microwave diathermy, this study was conducted. Objective: To analyze the association between prevalence of morbidities referred by physiotherapists and their occupational exposure to radiation emitted by therapeutic microwave diathermy equipment. Methodology: A Cross-sectional study conducted in 193 physiotherapists from four cities of the west of Paraná State, Brazil. A specified structured web questionnaire was applied for collecting data about microwave diathermy exposition, potential confounders and morbidities, plus the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). Statistical analysis included logistic regression and Student\'s t-Test. Results: It was observed significant associations between exposure of physiotherapists to microwave and the use of visual correction lens (p = 0.02; OR: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.15 - 10.96), fatigue (p = 0.04; OR: 4.93; 95% CI: 1.04 - 23.25) and neoplasms (p = 0.008; OR: 32.05; 95% CI: 2.46 - 416.96). The results obtained in the Student\'s t test, related to occupational exposure to radiation of microwave diathermy and fatigue (p = 0.004), use of visual correction lens (p < 0.001) and neoplasms (p < 0.001), were consistent with the results obtained in the univariate and multivariate analyzes for these outcomes. Conclusion: The results demonstrated a significant association between occupational exposure of physiotherapists to radiation of microwave diathermy and use of visual correction lens, fatigue and cancer. Therefore, occupational safety guidelines aimed at these professionals, as a prevention of possible adverse effects, and replication of this study are suggested.

The primary purpose of this work was to evaluate the capability of nanoparticles to transform electromagnetic energy at microwave frequencies into therapeutic heating. Targeted nanoparticles, in conjunction with microwave irradiation, can increase the temperatures of the targeted area over the peripheral region. Therefore, to become clinically viable, microwave absorbing nanoparticles must first be identified, and a system to monitor the treatment must be developed. In this study, ultrasound temperature imaging was used to monitor the temperature of deep lying structures. First, a material-dependent quantity to correlate the temperature induced changes in ultrasound images (i.e. apparent time shifts) to differential temperatures was gathered for a tissue-mimicking phantom, porcine longissimus dorsi muscle, and porcine fat. Then microwave nanoabsorbers were identified using an infrared radiometer. The determined nanoabsorbers were then injected into ex-vivo porcine longissimus dorsi muscle tissue. Ultrasound imaging frames were gathered during microwave treatment of the inoculated tissue. Finally, the ultrasound frames were analyzed using the correlation between temperature and apparent shifts in ultrasound for porcine muscle tissue. The outcome was depth-resolved temperature profiles of the ex-vivo porcine muscle during treatment. The results of this study show that magnetite is a microwave nanoabsorber that increases the targeted temperature of microwave hyperthermia treatments. Overall, there is clinical potential to use microwave nanoabsorbers to increase the efficiency of microwave hyperthermia treatments.
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Basic characteristics of electromagnetic fields in the microwave, radiofrequency, and extremely low frequency ranges and their interactions with biological tissues are introduced, and parameters such as polarization and specific absorption rate used for safety assessment are highlighted. Techniques and instrumentation for measuring these parameters are discussed. The concepts of dosimetry are introduced and examples of electromagnetic field safety guidelines and standards are outlined. The chapter closes with a discussion of some topics directly relevant to safety of clinical procedures, such as hyperthermia, and diathermy, as well as electromagnetic interference with equipment and implanted devices caused by the presence of mobile communications and radiofrequency identification systems.