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Journal articles on the topic 'Microwave measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Matveev, V. I. "MICROWAVE MOISTURE MEASUREMENT." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 288 (June 2022): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.06.pp.018-022.

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The article describes the wide possibilities of microwave methods for measuring humidity of a large range of products, their differences and advantages. Specific examples and the most common schemes of implemented microwave moisture meters are given. The ways of development of microwave moisture measurement in modern conditions are shown.

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2

Bartoli, Frediani, Briens, Berruti, and Rosi. "An Overview of Temperature Issues in Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis." Processes 7, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100658.

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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical technique to convert waste polymers and biomass into raw chemicals and fuels. However, this process involves several issues related to the interactions between materials and microwaves. Consequently, the control of temperature during microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a hard task both for measurement and uniformity during the overall pyrolytic run. In this review, we introduce some of the main theoretical aspects of the microwaves–materials interactions alongside the issues related to microwave pyrolytic processability of materials.

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3

Velychko, Oleh, Valentyn Gaman, and Serhii Kursin. "Calibration features for power meters of high and microwave frequencies." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263724.

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Microwave frequency power measurement is one of the main types of the measurement for measuring instruments and systems in the radio frequency range. Therefore, improving the accuracy of measuring the microwave frequency power requires the establishment of more precise standards, and the development of calibration methods for meters of microwave frequency power is an urgent task. Microwave frequency power standards that are used to calibrate the relevant measuring instruments must ensure high accuracy of the unit size reproduction over a wide measurement and frequency range. The study allowed determining typical calibration schemes for meters of microwave frequency power. For measurements, the calibration scheme for meters of microwave frequency power by the method of a direct comparison with the help of a calibrator when measuring the absorbed power of microwave frequencies is substantiated and suggested. The proposed methodology for evaluating the uncertainty of absorbed power measurements can be used when calibrating power meters in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 18 GHz. It allows determining the most significant components of the combined standard uncertainty of the absorbed power measurements of ultrahigh frequencies, as well as to receive the result of the corresponding calibration. This methodology can also be used to evaluate the uncertainty of microwave frequency directional measurements.

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4

Pang, Shao Feng, Yan Chen, Ming Quan Jia, and Ling Tong. "Indoor Microwave Scattering Properties Measurement and Study of Soil." Key Engineering Materials 500 (January 2012): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.500.403.

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Microwave scattering properties study of soil is a very important microwave scattering mechanism element, it is the basis of the study on backscattering model for remote sensing and electromagnetic parameters inversion. The paper describes the principle, the buildup and the measurement process of the indoor microwave scattering measurement system first. Then we focus on the microwave scattering properties study of the soil, carrying out abundance measurements under different types of roughness, different water content, different polarizations and different angles of incidence. By comparing the measurement data with the model of AIEM, the system is proved to be of satisfactory performance and can get the scattering property of the measurement sample with high precision, which can lay a solid foundation for the deeper research on the mechanism of the microwave remote sensing of soil.

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5

Shaw, Brian M. "Book Review: Microwave Measurement." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 24, no. 3 (July 1987): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072098702400325.

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6

Song, Shijie, Xiaoke Yi, Lu Gan, Wenjian Yang, Linh Nguyen, Suen Chew, Liwei Li, and Robert Minasian. "Photonic-Assisted Scanning Receivers for Microwave Frequency Measurement." Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020328.

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We present a novel technique based on matrix pencil assisted deconvolution to improve the measurement resolution in scanning receiver systems for microwave frequency measurements. By modeling the scanning receiver output as the cross-correlation of the input modulated signal with the filter’s spectral response and applying the matrix pencil algorithm to convolve the detected optical signal at the receiver output, our technique offers precise estimations of both the frequency and power information of microwave signals with an improved measurement resolution. A multi-tone microwave signal measurement based on an optical filter is experimentally demonstrated, showing a significant measurement resolution reduction from 1 GHz to 0.4 GHz for two radio frequency (RF) tones, which is only about 30.2% of the optical filter bandwidth.

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7

Kahrs, Mark. "Patents in Microwave Measurement: Measurement Connectors [Tidbits]." IEEE Microwave Magazine 23, no. 9 (September 2022): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2022.3180152.

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8

Nowak, D., M. Stachowicz, K. Granat, and M. Pigiel. "Microwave Absorption by Used Moulding and Core Sands." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0087-9.

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Abstract The paper presents measurement results of standing wave ratio to be used as an efficiency indicator of microwave absorption by used moulding and core sands chosen for the microwave utilization process. The absorption measurements were made using a prototype stand of microwave slot line. Examined were five used moulding and core sands. It was demonstrated that the microwave absorption measurements can make grounds for actual microwave utilization of moulding and core sands.

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9

Krupka, Jerzy. "Microwave Measurements of Electromagnetic Properties of Materials." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 5097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175097.

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A review of measurement methods of the basic electromagnetic parameters of materials at microwave frequencies is presented. Materials under study include dielectrics, semiconductors, conductors, superconductors, and ferrites. Measurement methods of the complex permittivity, the complex permeability tensor, and the complex conductivity and related parameters, such as resistivity, the sheet resistance, and the ferromagnetic linewidth are considered. For dielectrics and ferrites, the knowledge of their complex permittivity and the complex permeability at microwave frequencies is of practical interest. Microwave measurements allow contactless measurements of their resistivity, conductivity, and sheet resistance. These days contactless conductivity measurements have become more and more important, due to the progress in materials technology and the development of new materials intended for the electronic industry such as graphene, GaN, and SiC. Some of these materials, such as GaN and SiC are not measurable with the four-point probe technique, even if they are conducting. Measurement fixtures that are described in this paper include sections of transmission lines, resonance cavities, and dielectric resonators.

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10

Bai, Jingxu, Jiabei Fan, Liping Hao, Nicholas L. R. Spong, Yuechun Jiao, and Jianming Zhao. "Measurement of the Near Field Distribution of a Microwave Horn Using a Resonant Atomic Probe." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 4895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224895.

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We measure the near field distribution of a microwave horn with a resonant atomic probe. The microwave field emitted by a standard microwave horn is investigated utilizing Rydberg electromagnetically inducted transparency (EIT), an all-optical Rydberg detection, in a room temperature caesium vapor cell. The ground 6 S 1 / 2 , excited 6 P 3 / 2 , and Rydberg 56 D 5 / 2 states constitute a three-level system, used as an atomic probe to detect microwave electric fields by analyzing microwave dressed Autler–Townes (AT) splitting. We present a measurement of the electric field distribution of the microwave horn operating at 3.99 GHz in the near field, coupling the transition 56 D 5 / 2 → 57 P 3 / 2 . The microwave dressed AT spectrum reveals information on both the strength and polarization of the field emitted from the microwave horn simultaneously. The measurements are compared with field measurements obtained using a dipole metal probe, and with simulations of the electromagnetic simulated software (EMSS). The atomic probe measurement is in better agreement with the simulations than the metal probe. The deviation from the simulation of measurements taken with the atomic probe is smaller than the metal probe, improving by 1.6 dB. The symmetry of the amplitude distribution of the measured field is studied by comparing the measurements taken on either side of the field maxima.

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11

Zhang, Xiaomin, Ping Cheng, Yanke Ci, and Si Tian. "Microwave frequency measurement method using microwave phase detection." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 10, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2015.0086.

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12

Chen, Qian, Yang Yang, Ka Ma Huang, Cheng Chen, and Kai Yong Wang. "A Permittivity Measurement Method Based on Cavity Perturbation Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.629.

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Effective complex permittivity measurements of materials are important in microwave engineering and microwave chemistry. This paper describes a convenient laboratory method designed to obtain the permittivity for some materials. The hole for temperature measurement has been designed. The permittivity of materials at deferent temperature can be measured. The measurement results of the real part and imaginary part of the permittivity agree well with literature data at 2.45GHz.

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13

Fischer, Brian E., and Ivan J. Lahaie. "Recent Microwave Absorber Wall-Reflectivity Measurement Methods [Measurements Corner]." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 50, no. 2 (April 2008): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2008.4562276.

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14

Opremcak, A., I. V. Pechenezhskiy, C. Howington, B. G. Christensen, M. A. Beck, E. Leonard, J. Suttle, et al. "Measurement of a superconducting qubit with a microwave photon counter." Science 361, no. 6408 (September 20, 2018): 1239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat4625.

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Fast, high-fidelity measurement is a key ingredient for quantum error correction. Conventional approaches to the measurement of superconducting qubits, involving linear amplification of a microwave probe tone followed by heterodyne detection at room temperature, do not scale well to large system sizes. We introduce an approach to measurement based on a microwave photon counter demonstrating raw single-shot measurement fidelity of 92%. Moreover, the intrinsic damping of the photon counter is used to extract the energy released by the measurement process, allowing repeated high-fidelity quantum nondemolition measurements. Our scheme provides access to the classical outcome of projective quantum measurement at the millikelvin stage and could form the basis for a scalable quantum-to-classical interface.

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15

Leng, Yu Chi, and Wei Liu. "New Technology and Applications on Microwave Sensor for Moisture Content Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 1019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.1019.

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This paper presents the new technology and applications on microwave sensor for moisture content measurement. A dual-frequency microwave sensor based on circular microstrip antenna has been developed to measure moisture content(MC) of lossy liquids. The experiment is based on measurements of far-field reflection at two frequencies in the X-band,8.48 and 10.69GHz. Moisture content of the rubber latex samples can be determined with a standard error 0.49%.A prototype microwave based moisture sensor system suitable for the kiln drying of hardwood lumber has been developed. Using the prototype electronics and sensors, have obtained measurements of MC over the above MC range for red oak and yellow poplar with standard deviations of less than 1.5% MC at 4.5 to 6GHz.A smart active microwave sensor for measuring the moisture content of felts used in the paper milling industry and more generally of sheet-like materials is presented. An inversion procedure based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach is proposed in order to determine the moisture content of the felts. Finally the technical challenges and developing prospect of microwave sensors for Moisture Content Measurement are discussed.

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16

Rutkowski, Adam, and Hubert Stadnik. "2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 2763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222763.

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Instantaneous frequency measurement devices are useful for conducting extremely fast measurements of the current frequency value of microwave signals, even if their duration is extremely short. This paper presents the principle of determination of temporary values of the microwave signal phase and frequency using interferometer techniques, based on passive microwave components. Additionally, the structures and results of measurements of two novel versions of integrated microwave correlators for microwave frequency discriminators, made on a single printed circuit board, are shown. Three Wilkinson-type, single-stage power dividers, and two rat-race hybrids create the developed correlators. The developed devices were designed to work over a wide frequency range, i.e., of 1.6–3.1 GHz, and can be used to monitor Wi-Fi devices as well as pulse and CW radar systems operating in the S band. They can also be applied in passive radars and active Doppler radars. The view of the printed circuits boards and results of measurements are presented. Recommendations for improving the accuracy of measurement are proposed.

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17

JIN Ming-ming, 金明明, 张瑞国 ZHANG Rui-guo, 高红卫 GAO Hong-wei, 李贵兰 LI Gui-lan, and 寇军 KOU Jun. "Atomic-based Microwave Field Measurement." Acta Sinica Quantum Optica 26, no. 1 (2020): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/jqo20202601.1001.

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18

Shaw, Brian M. "Book Review: Microwave Impedence Measurement." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 24, no. 3 (July 1987): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072098702400326.

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19

King, R. J., K. V. King, and K. Woo. "Microwave moisture measurement of grains." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 41, no. 1 (1992): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.126643.

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20

Pan, Shilong, and Jianping Yao. "Photonics-Based Broadband Microwave Measurement." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 16 (August 15, 2017): 3498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2016.2587580.

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21

Mullin, J., and J. Bows. "Temperature measurement during microwave cooking." Food Additives & Contaminants 10, no. 6 (November 1993): 663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039309374193.

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22

Flemming, Mike. "Microwave measurement of surface layers." NDT International 23, no. 1 (February 1990): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)91585-h.

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23

Flemming, M. "Microwave measurement of surface layers." NDT & E International 23, no. 1 (February 1990): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(90)90849-e.

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24

Celik, A. R., and M. B. Kurt. "The Performance Comparison of a Dual-Ridge Horn Antenna and a Planar Monopole Antenna in the Microwave Breast Cancer Detection." Advanced Electromagnetics 9, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i2.1262.

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Detection of the breast cancer tumors at an early stage is very crucial to be successful in the treatment. Microwave measurement systems have gained much attention for this aim over last decades. The main principle of these systems is based on the significant difference in the dielectric properties of the malignant tumor and normal breast tissue in the microwave frequencies. In this paper, firstly several breast cancer detection techniques are mentioned. Then the advantages of the using microwaves in the detection systems are given. After that, some simulation and experimental studies of the radar-based ultra-wideband microwave measurement system are presented to detect tumor. The main purposes of these measurements are comparing the performance of a previously designed planar monopole antenna (PMA) with a dual-ridge horn (DRH) antenna and demonstrating a simple microwave breast cancer detection system. In the system, a planar breast phantom which is consisted of low dielectric constant material to represent the healthy tissue and high dielectric constant material to represent the tumor is used. Firstly, the measurements are made without tumor in the phantom. Then, the tumor-mimicking object is located to the phantom. In the measurements, both the PMA and DRH antennas are used respectively. These antennas are ultra-wideband and directional. They have narrow beamwidth and stable directional pattern at the interval of 3-10 GHz. According to the return loss results, the reflected energy increases when the antenna gets close to the tumor. Therefore, it can be said that the scattering parameters give important information about the tumor. According to the obtained results in this study, it can be said that the performance of the compact-sized PMA is better than the DRH antenna having larger size.

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25

Beaucamp-Ricard, C., L. Dubois, S. Vaucher, P. Y. Cresson, T. Lasri, and J. Pribetich. "Temperature Measurement by Microwave Radiometry: Application to Microwave Sintering." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 58, no. 5 (May 2009): 1712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2008.2009189.

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26

Shi, Jingzhan, Fangzheng Zhang, De Ben, and Shilong Pan. "Photonic-assisted single system for microwave frequency and phase noise measurement." Chinese Optics Letters 18, no. 9 (2020): 092501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202018.092501.

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27

Yang, Jie, Ning Li, Pengbin Ma, and Bin Liu. "Calibration of Radar RCS Measurement Errors by Observing the Luneburg Lens Onboard the LEO Satellite." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 5421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145421.

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Accurate radar RCS measurements are critical to the feature recognition of spatial targets. A calibration method for radar RCS measurement errors is proposed for the first time in the context of special target tracking by observing the Luneburg Lens onboard the LEO satellite. The Luneburg Lens has favorable RCS scattering properties for the radar microwave. Thus, the laboratory RCS measurements of the Luneburg Lens, with some fixed incident frequency and with different incident orientations for the radar microwave, will be implemented in order to build a database. The incident orientation for the radar microwave in the satellite body frame will be calculated by taking advantage of the precise orbit parameters, with errors only at the magnitude of several centimeters and within the actual satellite attitude parameters. According to the incident orientation, the referenced RCS measurements can be effectively obtained by the bilinear interpolation in the database. The errors of actual RCS measurements can thus be calibrated by comparing the referenced and the actual RCS measurements. In the RCS measurement experiment, which lasts less than 400 s, the actual RCS measurement errors of the Luneburg Lens are nearly less than 0 dBsm, which indicates that the RCS measurement errors of the spatial targets can be effectively calculated by the proposed calibration method. After the elaborated calibration, the RCS measurements of the spatial targets can be accurately obtained by radar tracking.

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28

Gimpilevich, Yu, I. Afonin, V. Vertegel, and Yu Tyschuk. "Technical realization of the device for integrated monitoring of the parameters of the microwave path." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/3/032040.

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Abstract Two designs of a microwave sensor have been developed for a device for built-in monitoring of microwave path parameters, built on the basis of a broadband quadrature measurement method. The first sensor design is made on the basis of a symmetrical strip line, the second - on the basis of a segment of a coaxial line. Each of the microwave sensor designs consists of three parts: a directional coupler and two non-directional measuring probes. The microwave sensor is designed to operate in the 1 - 2 GHz frequency range. The paper also proposes a variant of the circuitry implementation of the built-in microwave control device, which implements the procedure for broadband automatic measurement of the complex reflection coefficient and the power level in the microwave path based on the method of quadrature measurements. The device solves the problem of long-term automatic monitoring of parameters and timely detection of the beginning degradation of the antenna-feeder path.

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29

Bourqui, Jeremie, John Garrett, and Elise Fear. "Measurement and Analysis of Microwave Frequency Signals Transmitted through the Breast." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/562563.

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Microwave approaches to breast imaging include the measurement of signals transmitted through and reflected from the breast. Prototype systems typically feature sensors separated from the breast, resulting in measurements that include the effects of the environment and system. To gain insight into transmission of microwave signals through the breast, a system that places sensors in direct contact with the breast is proposed. The system also includes a lossy immersion medium that enables measurement of the signal passing through the breast while significantly attenuating signals traveling along other paths. Collecting measurements at different separations between sensors also provides the opportunity to estimate the average electrical properties of the breast tissues. After validation through simulations and measurements, a study of 10 volunteers was performed. Results indicate symmetry between the right and left breast and demonstrate differences in attenuation, maximum frequency for reliable measurement, and average properties that likely relate to variations in breast composition.

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30

Anderson, Geoffrey. "Scanning Microwave Microscopy for Nanoscale Electrical Characterization." Microscopy Today 21, no. 6 (November 2013): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929513000965.

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Recently, a highly sensitive imaging mode for, complex, calibrated electrical and spatial measurements was made available to atomic force microscope (AFM) users. Scanning microwave microscopy (SMM), an award-winning AFM mode of operation developed by Agilent Technologies, combines the comprehensive electrical measurement capabilities of a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) with the nanoscale spatial resolution of an AFM.

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31

Bourqui, J., J. M. Sill, and E. C. Fear. "A Prototype System for Measuring Microwave Frequency Reflections from the Breast." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/851234.

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Microwave imaging of the breast is of interest for monitoring breast health, and approaches to active microwave imaging include tomography and radar-based methods. While the literature contains a growing body of work related to microwave breast imaging, there are only a few prototype systems that have been used to collect data from humans. In this paper, a prototype system for monostatic radar-based imaging that has been used in an initial study measuring reflections from volunteers is discussed. The performance of the system is explored by examining the mechanical positioning of sensor, as well as microwave measurement sensitivity. To gain insight into the measurement of reflected signals, simulations and measurements of a simple phantom are compared and discussed in relation to system sensitivity. Finally, a successful scan of a volunteer is described.

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32

Oosterbeek, Johan W., Neha Chaudhary, Matthias Hirsch, Udo Höfel, and Robert C. Wolf. "Assessment of ECH stray radiation levels at the W7-X Michelson Interferometer and Profile Reflectometer." EPJ Web of Conferences 203 (2019): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920303010.

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Electron Cyclotron Heating and Electron Cyclotron Current Drive are key components for heating and control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. The high power microwaves are not always completely absorbed leading to stray radiation [1], [2]. At W7-X, the total injected microwave power can be up to 7.5 MW @140 GHz while the entire Electron Cyclotron Emission picked-up by an observer at the edge of the plasma is a fraction of a mW. In the situation of a Michelson Interferometer, the principle measurement is the entire ECE spectrum. Thus, any stray radiation is bound to enter the spectrum. In this work initial stray radiation measurements without filters at the location of two microwave receivers -the Michelson Interferometer and the Profile Reflectometer -are discussed. The data is used to dimension a notch filter to be used with the broad band Michelson Interferometer.

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33

Zou, X., and J. Yao. "Microwave frequency measurement with improved measurement range and resolution." Electronics Letters 45, no. 10 (2009): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2009.0404.

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34

Smoot, George F. "Cosmic Microwave Background Spectrum Measurements." Highlights of Astronomy 7 (1986): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600006560.

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AbstractThis paper reviews the three major cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) spectrum measurement programs conducted and published since the last (XVII) IAU General Assembly. The results are consistent with a Planckian spectrum with temperature 2.72 ± 0.03 K spanning a wavelength range of 0.1 to 12 cm. Limits on possible distortions and implications are outlined. Ongoing and future measurements are discussed.

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35

Xiao, F., Zhao Xian Xiong, X. Y. Dong, and G. S. Yang. "Automatic Multimode Measurement for Microwave Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.195.

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Automatic measurement system with multimode for microwave ceramic materials is developed. Based on traditional parallel-plate resonance method, the whole system is composed of a parallel-plate cavity, a vector network analyzer (VNA), an interface card for GPIB to USB, and a PC with measurement programs. Besides the fundamental mode, higher order resonant modes are also measured at the same time. Based on a platform of VEE, a set of analysis software is programmed with the functions of not only automatically calibrating and searching resonant frequencies but also automatically computing and displaying the dielectric parameters of microwave materials with high reliability and efficiency in a wide frequency range.

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36

Pan, Shilong, and Jianping Yao. "Instantaneous Microwave Frequency Measurement Using a Photonic Microwave Filter Pair." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 22, no. 19 (October 2010): 1437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2010.2059004.

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37

Xu, En-ming, Qi Wang, Fei Wang, and Pei-li Li. "Instantaneous microwave frequency measurement based on hybrid microwave photonic filter." Optoelectronics Letters 10, no. 5 (August 30, 2014): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-014-4100-0.

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38

Rosales, Marc D., François Duport, Julien Schiellein, Jean-Luc Polleux, Catherine Algani, and Christian Rumelhard. "Opto-microwave experimental mapping of SiGe/Si phototransistors at 850 nm." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 1, no. 6 (December 2009): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078709990584.

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This paper presents measurement results providing the mapping of the opto-microwave transfer function performed on an SiGe microwave heterojunction phototransistor (HPT). This measurements will be used to extract a guideline for designing phototransistors. A mapping of the HPT's gain in low frequency helps to estimate the shape of the optical beam used for the measurement. The study also focuses on the cutoff frequency mapping of the device in phototransistor mode. Finally, these results are used to determine the general optimization rules in the SiGe HPTs design.

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39

Zhang, Zhenrong, Huanfei Wen, Liangjie Li, Tao Pei, Hao Guo, Zhonghao Li, Jun Tang, and Jun Liu. "Developments of Interfacial Measurement Using Cavity Scanning Microwave Microscopy." Scanning 2022 (August 12, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1306000.

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In the field of materials research, scanning microwave microscopy imaging has already become a vital research tool due to its high sensitivity and nondestructive testing of samples. In this article, we review the main theoretical and fundamental components of microwave imaging, in addition to the wide range of applications of microwave imaging. Rather than the indirect determination of material properties by measuring dielectric constants and conductivity, microwave microscopy now permits the direct investigation of semiconductor devices, electromagnetic fields, and ferroelectric domains. This paper reviews recent advances in scanning microwave microscopy in the areas of resolution and operating frequency and presents a discussion of possible future industrial and academic applications.

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40

Lei, Lin, and Zhi Xiong Ouyang. "Microwave Power Real-Time Soft-Measuring Based on Improved BP Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.902.

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There are many faults in microwave power measurement in the working spots. In this paper, the novel technique of microwave power measurement and Schottky detector and the technique of soft-measuring based on improved BP neural network are presented. Making use of directional coupler, the part of power of microwave signal in transmission line was taken in the certain proportion. Then, the microwave power meter indicated the magnitude of power. The microwave power measurement system was composed of tuneable attenuator, directional coupler, matching load, peak-peak value detector, oscillograph, thermocouple, soft-measuring algorithm and so on. The low microwave power meter obtained the sample data of training BP neuron network. Then, the output of trained BP neural network may represent the result of high microwave power measurement. The experiments and applications in practice project prove that this new method has many advantages.

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41

Savu, Sorin Vasile. "Microwave Differential Thermal Analysis Technique of the Fe₂O₃+BaCO₃ Homogeneous Mixture." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.24.

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The microwave differential thermal analysis (MW-DTA) is a new procedure to evaluate the materials, barium ferrite type M in this paper, according to the phenomena appeared during the material heating. The paper presents a new evaluation technique which is faster and with low energy consumption. The microwaves are used to heat the material, two infrared pyrometers for monitoring the temperatures on the material surface and a temperature regulator where the data are recorded for evaluation. The material, a homogeneous mixture of Fe2O3+BaCO3, is a ceramic material with good absorbance properties, so the heating will be pure microwave heating. The results and the DTA graphic is automatically generated by the temperature recording device based on the data sensed by the infrared pyrometers. The paper presents technical aspect regarding to the microwave heating and temperature measurement in microwave field and how to make differential thermal analysis in microwave field.

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42

Gubsky, Dmitry, and Viacheslav Zemlyakov. "Advanced microwave equipment simulator for engineering education." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 56, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720918788711.

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A novel approach to computer simulator development of microwave measurement equipment is presented. The main feature of the software is an interface of the simulator, which is an interactive image of the real equipment allowing to manipulate the keys and other elements of the front panel by the computer mouse. For the measurement procedure, the simulator allows to use analytical formulas or upload the data from the computer models of the microwave devices and from the real measurements in *.s2p format. Implementation of the developed simulator into the educational process provides each student with an unlimited access to the measuring equipment and gives the opportunity not only to study the characteristics of microwave devices but also to gain experience with the real equipment due to interactive computer interface that is completely identical to real front panel.

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43

Kabir, Syed Rashel, K. Yokoyama, K. Mihashi, and M. Suzuki. "2B1600 Hydration Measurement of G and F actin by Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy." Seibutsu Butsuri 42, supplement2 (2002): S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.42.s102_2.

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Min Zhang, Min Zhang, Shanfeng Li Shanfeng Li, Nuannuan Shi Nuannuan Shi, Yiying Gu Yiying Gu, Pengsheng Wu Pengsheng Wu, and Xiuyou Han and Mingshan Zhao Xiuyou Han and Mingshan Zhao. "Novel method for fiber chromatic dispersion measurement based on microwave photonic technique." Chinese Optics Letters 10, no. 7 (2012): 070602–70604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.070602.

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45

Sano, Saburo, Shoji Kawakami, Yasumasa Takao, Sadatsugu Takayama, and Motoyasu Sato. "Microwave Absorbency Change of Zirconia Powder and Fiber during Vacuum Heating." Advances in Science and Technology 63 (October 2010): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.63.85.

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Stabilized zirconia shows rather high microwave absorbency at room temperature, and the absorbency become higher with increasing temperature. In this study, stabilized zirconia powder, partially stabilized zirconia powder and zirconia fiber were subjected for microwave absorption measurements at elevated temperature. Microwave absorption measurements were done by using a system consists of a microwave vector network analyzer, a circular wave-guide fixture and a vacuum furnace. Microwave absorbency was evaluated by the reflection power change from the sample in the circular wave-guide fixture under vacuum heating. Microwave absorbency of stabilized zirconia powder, partially stabilized zirconia powder and zirconia fiber gradually increased with the increase of temperature. We supposed that the increase of microwave absorbency is related to the ionic (oxygen) conduction behavior of stabilized zirconia. Stoichiometric composition ZrO2 powder was also subjected for a measurement to consider the relation between microwave absorbency and ion conduction of zirconia. As the result, stoichiometric composition ZrO2 powder was not absorbed microwave power even when the powder was heated up to 900oC because it isn’t an oxygen ion conductor.

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SHIBATA, Chokichiro, and Ryo HORIE. "Microwave Application on Measurement and Control." Tetsu-to-Hagane 73, no. 9 (1987): 1096–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.73.9_1096.

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Wong, David, Gurkan Yesiloz, Muhammed S. Boybay, and Carolyn L. Ren. "Microwave temperature measurement in microfluidic devices." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 12 (2016): 2192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00260a.

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In spite of various existing thermometry methods for microfluidic applications, it remains challenging to measure the temperature of individual droplets. In this contribution, we present a microwave thermometry method that is non-intrusive and requires minimal external equipment.

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48

Shurmer, Harold. "Radio Frequency and Microwave Power Measurement." IEE Review 37, no. 3 (1991): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ir:19910049.

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Schreurs, Dominique, Andrej Rumiantsev, and Jean-Pierre Teyssier. "Spring ARFTG 2018 Microwave Measurement Conference." IEEE Microwave Magazine 19, no. 3 (May 2018): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2018.2803381.

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Auchterlonie, L. J. "Radio Frequency and Microwave Power Measurement." Electronics & Communications Engineering Journal 3, no. 4 (1991): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ecej:19910026.

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