Academic literature on the topic 'Microwave sounding'

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Journal articles on the topic "Microwave sounding"

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Blackwell, William J., Laura J. Bickmeier, R. Vincent Leslie, Michael L. Pieper, Jenna E. Samra, Chinnawat Surussavadee, and Carolyn A. Upham. "Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounding." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 49, no. 1 (January 2011): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2052260.

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Killen, R. M., and F. M. Flasar. "Microwave Sounding of the Giant Planets." Icarus 119, no. 1 (January 1996): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1996.0003.

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Stogryn, A. "Mesospheric temperature sounding with microwave radiometers." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 27, no. 3 (May 1989): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.17675.

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GARY, B. L., and S. J. KEIHM. "Microwave Sounding Units and Global Warming." Science 251, no. 4991 (January 18, 1991): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4991.316.

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Bell, William, Sabatino Di Michele, Peter Bauer, Tony McNally, Stephen J. English, Nigel Atkinson, Fiona Hilton, and Janet Charlton. "The Radiometric Sensitivity Requirements for Satellite Microwave Temperature Sounding Instruments for Numerical Weather Prediction." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecha1293.1.

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Abstract The sensitivity of NWP forecast accuracy with respect to the radiometric performance of microwave sounders is assessed through a series of observing system experiments at the Met Office and ECMWF. The observing system experiments compare the impact of normal data from a single Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) with that from an AMSU where synthetic noise has been added. The results show a measurable reduction in forecast improvement in the Southern Hemisphere, with improvements reduced by 11% for relatively small increases in radiometric noise [noise-equivalent brightness temperature (NEΔT) increased from 0.1 to 0.2 K for remapped data]. The impact of microwave sounding data is shown to be significantly less than was the case prior to the use of advanced infrared sounder data [Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)], with microwave sounding data now reducing Southern Hemisphere forecast errors by approximately 10% compared to 40% in the pre-AIRS/IASI period.
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Sussmann, R., and T. Borsdorff. "Interference errors in infrared remote sounding of the atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (December 12, 2006): 13027–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-13027-2006.

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Abstract. More and more profiles of atmospheric state parameters are being retrieved from remote soundings in the infrared spectral domain. Classical error analysis, which was originally applied to microwave sounding systems, distinguishes between "smoothing errors," "forward model errors," "forward model parameter errors," and "retrieval noise errors". We show that for infrared soundings "interference errors", which have not been treated up to now, can be significant. Interference errors originate from "interfering species" that introduce signatures into the spectral measurement which overlap with the spectral features used for retrieval of the target species. This is a frequent situation in infrared atmospheric spectra where the vibration-rotation bands of different species often overlap; it is not the case in the microwave region. This paper presents a full theoretical formulation of interference errors. It requires a generalized state vector including profile entries for all interfering species. This leads to a generalized averaging kernel matrix made up of classical averaging kernels plus here defined "interference kernels". The latter are used together with climatological covariances for the profiles of the interfering species in order to quantify the interference errors. To illustrate the methods we apply them to a real sounding and show that interference errors have a significant impact on standard CO profile retrievals from ground-based mid-infrared solar absorption spectra. We also demonstrate how to minimize overall error, which is a trade-off between minimizing interference errors and the smoothing error. The approach used in this paper can be applied to soundings of all infrared-active atmospheric species, which includes more than two dozen different gases relevant to climate and ozone. And this holds for all kind of infrared remote sounding systems, i.e., retrievals from ground-based, balloon-borne, airborne, or satellite spectroradiometers.
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Iacovazzi, Robbie, Lin Lin, Ninghai Sun, and Quanhua Liu. "NOAA Operational Microwave Sounding Radiometer Data Quality Monitoring and Anomaly Assessment Using COSMIC GNSS Radio-Occultation Soundings." Remote Sensing 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050828.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operational Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) data used in numerical weather prediction and climate analysis are essential to protect life and property and maintain safe and efficient commerce. Routine data quality monitoring and anomaly assessment is important to sustain data effectiveness. One valuable parameter used to monitor microwave sounder data quality is the antenna temperature (Ta) difference (O-B) computed between direct instrument Ta measurements and forward radiative transfer model (RTM) brightness temperature (Tb) simulations. This requires microwave radiometer data to be collocated with atmospheric temperature and moisture sounding profiles, so that representative boundary conditions are used to produce the RTM-simulated Tb values. In this study, Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate/Formosa Satellite Mission 3 (COSMIC) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) soundings over the ocean and equatorward of 60° latitude are used as input to the Community RTM (CRTM) to generate simulated NOAA-18, NOAA-19, Metop-A, and Metop-B AMSU-A and S-NPP and NOAA-20 ATMS Tb values. These simulated Tb values, together with observed Ta values that are nearly simultaneous in space and time, are used to compute Ta O-B statistics on monthly time scales for each instrument. In addition, the CRTM-simulated Tb values based on the COSMIC GNSS RO soundings can be used as a transfer standard to inter-compare Ta values from different microwave radiometer makes and models that have the same bands. For example, monthly Ta O-B statistics for NOAA-18 AMSU-A Channels 4–12 and NOAA-20 ATMS Channels 5–13 can be differenced to estimate the “double-difference” Ta biases between these two instruments for the corresponding frequency bands. This study reveals that the GNSS RO soundings are critical to monitoring and trending individual instrument O-B Ta biases and inter-instrument “double-difference” Ta biases and also to estimate impacts of some sensor anomalies on instrument Ta values.
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Mears, Carl A., and Frank J. Wentz. "Construction of the Remote Sensing Systems V3.2 Atmospheric Temperature Records from the MSU and AMSU Microwave Sounders." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1040–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1176.1.

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Abstract Measurements made by microwave sounding instruments provide a multidecadal record of atmospheric temperature change. Measurements began in late 1978 with the launch of the first Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and continue to the present. In 1998, the first of the follow-on series of instruments—the Advanced Microwave Sounding Units (AMSUs)—was launched. To continue the atmospheric temperature record past 2004, when measurements from the last MSU instrument degraded in quality, AMSU and MSU measurements must be intercalibrated and combined to extend the atmospheric temperature data records. Calibration methods are described for three MSU–AMSU channels that measure the temperature of thick layers of the atmosphere centered in the middle troposphere, near the tropopause, and in the lower stratosphere. Some features of the resulting datasets are briefly summarized.
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Saunders, R. W. "Note on the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 74, no. 11 (November 1993): 2211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-74.11.2211.

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Mo, Tsan, Mitchell D. Goldberg, David S. Crosby, and Zhaohui Cheng. "Recalibration of the NOAA microwave sounding unit." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106, no. D10 (May 1, 2001): 10145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001jd900027.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microwave sounding"

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Mickelinc, Mark W. "Synoptic applications of NOAA microwave sounding data." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA305970.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1995.
Thesis advisor(s): Paul A. Hirschberg, Carlyle H. Wash. "December 1995." Bibliography: p. 65-66. Also available online.
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Montroty, Rémi. "Vortex "Bogusing" using advanced microwave sounding unit data, applied to hurricane floyd." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80334.

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A case study of hurricane Floyd (1999) is performed using the Penn State/NCAR MM5 model. Hurricane Floyd was the third most costly hurricane to have hit the United States.
To predict accurately the track and evolution of the hurricane, a vortex bogusing technique has been devised. A more realistic initial vortex was specified and introduced into the large-scale analysis for model initialization. The technique used follows closely that described by Zhu et al. (2002) where Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data are employed to retrieve the temperature of the hurricane vortex. An algorithm is then applied to compute the sea level pressure, geopotential heights, winds and moisture content. Three experiments initialized with three different data sets were performed, using respectively the original Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) analysis, the bogus-vortex modified CMC analysis with the original CMC sea surface temperature (SST) field, and a bogus-vortex modified CMC analysis with a spatially-constant SST of 28°C. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Singleton, Cynthia Shaw. "Investigation of arctic ozone loss using solar occultation and microwave limb sounding instruments." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3239417.

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Randall, Robb M. "Using Limited Time Periods as a Means to Evaluate Microwave Sounding Unit Derived Tropospheric Temperature Trend Methods." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194417.

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Limited Time Period (LTP) running trends are used to evaluate Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) derived tropospheric temperature trend methods in an attempt to alleviate documented considerable disagreements between tropospheric datasets so investigation into the atmospheric variability is able to move forward.Regression derived coefficients were used to combine lower stratosphere (LS) and mid-troposphere to lower stratosphere (MT) simulated MSU channels from RATPAC radiosonde data. This protocol is used to estimate tropospheric temperature trends and compared to actual RATPAC derived tropospheric temperature trends. It is found that the statistical LS/MT combination results in greater than 50% error over some LTP. These errors are found to exist when strong cooling in the stratosphere is coincident with periods when the level separating cooling from warming is above the tropopause.LTP trends are also created from various MSU difference time series between the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) and Remote Sensing System (RSS) group's lower troposphere (LT) and MT channels. Results suggest the greatest discrepancies over time periods where NOAA-11 through NOAA-15 adjustments was applied to the raw LT data over land. Discrepancies are shown to be dominated by differences in diurnal correction methods due to orbital drift. Comparison of MSU data with radiosonde data indicate that RSS's method of determining diurnal effects is overestimating the correction in the LT channel. Diurnal correction signatures still exist in the RSS LT time series and are likely affecting the long term trend with a warm bias.These findings suggest atmospheric amplification is not happening in the atmosphere using globally averaged data over the MSU era. There is evidence however from the radiosonde data that shows greater warming in the ~300-500 hPa layer than at the surface during some LTP in the complete radiosonde database. This temporal change in temperature trends warrants further studies on this subject.This research suggests overall that the temporal changes in temperature trend profiles and their causes are extremely important in our understanding of atmospheric changes and are themselves, not well characterized.
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Otarola, Angel Custodio. "The Effects of Turbulence in an Absorbing Atmosphere on the Propagation of Microwave Signals Used in an Active Sounding System." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194254.

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Proper and precise interpretation of radio occultation soundings of planetary atmospheres requires understanding the signal amplitude and phase variations caused by random perturbations in the complex index of refraction caused by atmospheric turbulence. This research focuses on understanding the turbulence and its impact on these soundings.From aircraft temperature, pressure and humidity measurements we obtained a parametric model for estimating the strength of the atmospheric turbulence in the troposphere. We used high-resolution balloon measurements to understand the spatial spectrum of turbulence in the vertical dimension.We also review and extend electromagnetic scintillation theory to include a complex index of refraction of the propagating medium. In contrast to when the fluctuations in only the real component of the index of refraction are considered, this work quantifies how atmospheric turbulent eddies contribute to the signal amplitude and phase fluctuations and the amplitude frequency correlation function when the index of refraction is complex. The generalized expressions developed for determining the signal's amplitude and phase fluctuations can be solved for planar, spherical or beam electromagnetic wave propagation.We then apply our mathematical model to the case of a plane wave propagating through a homogenous turbulence medium and estimate the amplitude variance for signals at various frequencies near the 22 GHz and 183 GHz water vapor absorption features. The theoretical results predict the impact of random fluctuations in the absorption coefficient along the signal propagation path on the signal's amplitude fluctuations. These results indicate that amplitude fluctuations arising from perturbations of the absorption field can be comparable to those when the medium has a purely real index of refraction. This clearly indicates that the differential optical depth approach devised by Kursinski et al. (2002) to ratio out the effects of turbulence on signals passing through a medium of a purely real index of refraction must be modified to include the effects of turbulent variations in the imaginary part of the refractivity.
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Lossow, Stefan. "Observations of water vapour in the middle atmosphere." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8167.

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Brueske, Kurt Frederick. "Satellite-based tropical cyclone intensity estimation using NOAA-KLM series advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) data." 2001. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Books on the topic "Microwave sounding"

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Mo, Tsan. Calibration of the advanced microwave sounding unit-A for NOAA-K. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 1995.

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Patel, P. Integrated AMSU-A, Earth Observing System (EOS), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), engineering telemetry description: Contract no.--NAS 5-32314. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Mo, Tsan. Calibration of the advanced microwave sounding unit-A radiometers for NOAA-N and NOAA-N'. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 2002.

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Staelin, David H. High-spatial-resolution passive microwave sounding systems: Final report : covering the period February 1, 1980-March 14, 1994. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 1994.

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Morris, B. Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A-2 (AMSU-A2), EOS stress analysis report: Contract no. NAS5-32314. Azusa, Calif: Aerojet, 1996.

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(Firm), Aerojet, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), performance verification report, METSAT AMSU-A2 antenna drive subsystem, P/N 1331200-2, S/N 107: Contract no. NAS 5-32314. [Azusa, Calif.]: Aerojet, 1998.

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(Firm), Aerojet, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), performance verification report, METSAT AMSU-A2 antenna drive subsystem, P/N 1331200-2, S/N 107: Contract no. NAS 5-32314. [Azusa, Calif.]: Aerojet, 1998.

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Cuddapah, Prabhakara, and Goddard Space Flight Center, eds. Global warming estimation from microwave sounding unit. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1998.

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Cuddapah, Prabhakara, and Goddard Space Flight Center, eds. Global warming estimation from microwave sounding unit. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1998.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. High-spatial-resolution passive microwave sounding systems: Progress report. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microwave sounding"

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Bernard, René. "Microwave Atmospheric Sounding (Water Vapor and Liquid Water)." In Microwave Remote Sensing for Oceanographic and Marine Weather-Forecast Models, 191–216. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0509-2_10.

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Ho, S. P., W. He, and Y. H. Kuo. "Construction of Consistent Temperature Records in the Lower Stratosphere Using Global Positioning System Radio Occultation Data and Microwave Sounding Measurements." In New Horizons in Occultation Research, 207–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00321-9_17.

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"Atmospheric Sounding." In Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing, 179–203. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315272573-7.

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Zou, Xiaolei. "Microwave temperature sounding observations." In Atmospheric Satellite Observations, 97–133. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820950-9.00007-6.

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"Calibration of Microwave Sounding Instruments." In Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth, 123–49. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527336289.ch5.

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Blackwell, William. "Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounding Using Neural Networks." In Signal and Image Processing for Remote Sensing, Second Edition, 161–90. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11656-12.

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"Remote Sensing of Clouds from Microwave Sounding Instruments." In Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth, 207–34. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527336289.ch8.

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Javidi, Giti. "Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounder (HyMAS) Graphical User Interface Design." In Strategic Innovations and Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Telecommunications and Networking, 180–95. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8188-8.ch009.

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The hyperspectral microwave atmospheric sounder (HyMAS), for weather and climate missions, is capable of all-weather sounding equivalent to hyperspectral infrared sounders (in which clouds decrease the accuracy of the results) in clear air with vertical resolution of approximately 1 km. This will improve both the vertical and horizontal resolutions of the atmosphere. Through the use of independent RF antennas that sample the volume of the Earth's atmosphere through various levels of frequencies, thereby producing a set of dense, spaced vertical weighting functions, hyperspectral microwave is achieved. This yields surface precipitation rate and water path retrievals for small hail, soft hail, or snow pellets, snow, rainwater, etc. with high accuracies. One of HyMAS requirements is a graphical user interface (GUI). Hyperspectral measurements allow the user to determine the Earth's temperature with vertical resolution exceeding 1km (1093.61 yards).
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Blackwell, William. "Neural Network Retrievals of Atmospheric Temperature and Moisture Profiles from High-Resolution Infrared and Microwave Sounding Data." In Signal and Image Processing for Remote Sensing. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420003130.ch11.

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"Neural Network Retrievals of Atmospheric Temperature and Moisture Profiles from High-Resolution Infrared and Microwave Sounding Data." In Signal Processing for Remote Sensing, 217–44. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420066678-15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microwave sounding"

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Krimchansky, Sergey, Joel Susskind, Alexander Krimchansky, Donald Chu, Robert Lambeck, and Martin A. Davis. "GEO sounding using microwave instruments." In Remote Sensing, edited by Roland Meynart, Steven P. Neeck, and Haruhisa Shimoda. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.565283.

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Bocquet, M., Ch Loyez, and A. Benlarbi-Delai. "Weak NLOS Channel Sounding." In 2006 European Microwave Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2006.280999.

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Ala-llomäki, Jari, Martti Saarilahti, Martti Toikka, and Martti Hallikainen. "Microwave Snow Sounding for Trafficability Analysis." In 1989 Subzero Engineering Conditions Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890020.

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Blackwell, William J. "Antenna development for microwave sounding CubeSats." In 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2016.7696475.

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Patel, Prabodh K., and J. Mentall. "Advanced microwave sounding unit-A (AMSU-A)." In Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, edited by James C. Shiue. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.152602.

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Weng, Fuzhong. "Assimilation of Microwave Observations in Cloudy Conditions." In Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hise.2007.htuc3.

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Rosenkranz, P. W. "Improved rapid transmittance algorithm for microwave sounding channels." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.699564.

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Ward, John S., Karen A. Lee, Jonathan Kawamura, Goutam Chattopadhyay, and Paul Stek. "Sensitive broadband SIS receivers for microwave limb sounding." In 2008 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2008.4665436.

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Wessel, John E., Robert W. Farley, and Steven M. Beck. "Lidar for calibration/validation of microwave sounding instruments." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Upendra N. Singh. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.506419.

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Zou, Cheng-Zhi. "Intercalibration of microwave sounding unit with short overlaps." In Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Mitchell D. Goldberg, Hal J. Bloom, Philip E. Ardanuy, and Allen H. Huang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.798116.

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Reports on the topic "Microwave sounding"

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Randall, Robb M., and Benjamin M. Herman. Using Ancillary Zero Trend Levels as a Means to Elucidate Microwave Sounding Unit Derived Tropospheric Temperature Trends Methods. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada449043.

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