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Lee, Jae Jun, Kyung Ah Lee, Young Hwan Lee, and Son Moon Shin. "Measurements of Mid-arm Circumference(MAC) and Mid-arm Circumference/Head Circumference(MAC/HC) Ratio as Indices of Nutritional Status in Newborn Infants." Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine 11, no. 1 (1994): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1994.11.1.160.
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S., Satyamanasa Gayatri Vinay, Karthiga K., and Abhijeet Shrivastava. "Prevalence of small for gestational age term neonates and its surrogate marker." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192021.
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Background: The incidence of low birth weight babies continues to be high in India at about 30% in contrast to 5-7% in developed countries. Perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality as well as morbidity is associated with low birth weight (LBW) neonates of which, it is the Small for Gestational Age (SGA) neonates that are at increased risk. Henceforth, it becomes important to study the prevalence of SGA babies and to compare various anthropometric measurements among term neonates for assessing as to which of these could be taken as surrogate markers of small for gestational age babies.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years among 100 term neonates delivered in a private medical college in Puducherry, India.Results: The prevalence of low birth weight babies and small for gestational age was found to be 40% and 30% respectively. Using mid arm circumference as a predictor, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of SGA was found to be 100%, 57.14%, 50% and 100% respectively. Using MAC/HC ratio as a predictor, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was found to be 46.67%, 100%, 100% and 81.4% respectively.Conclusions: In predicting SGA babies, mid arm circumference has the highest sensitivity whereas MAC/HC ratio has the highest specificity followed by mid arm circumference. Present study concluded that mid arm circumference and ratio of MAC/HC are very helpful in identifying SGA neonates among term neonates.
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Tsai, Alan C., and Tsui-Lan Chang. "The effectiveness of BMI, calf circumference and mid-arm circumference in predicting subsequent mortality risk in elderly Taiwanese." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 2 (December 6, 2010): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003429.
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BMI, mid-arm circumference (MAC) and calf circumference (CC) are anthropometric indicators often included in geriatric health measurement scales. However, their relative effectiveness in predicting long-term mortality risk has not been extensively examined. The present study aimed to evaluate the relative effectiveness of these anthropometrics in predicting long-term mortality risk in older adults. The study prospectively analysed the ability of these indicators in predicting 4-year follow-up mortality risk of a population-representative sample of 4191 men and women, 53 years of age or older in the ‘Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan’. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of follow-up mortality risk with low ( < 21 kg/m2) or high ( ≥ 27 kg/m2) BMI, low MAC ( < 23·5/22 cm for men/women) and low CC ( < 30/27 cm) respectively, according to Taiwanese-specific cut-off points. Results showed that low CC and low MAC were more effective than low BMI in predicting follow-up mortality risk in 65–74-year-old elderly. But low CC and low BMI were more effective than low MAC in ≥ 75-year-old elderly, and low BMI was more effective than low MAC or low CC in 53–64-year-old persons. High BMI was not effective in predicting mortality risk in any of these age ranges. These results suggest that in elderly adults, CC is more effective than BMI in predicting long-term mortality risk. Thus, more consideration to CC and MAC in designing geriatric health or nutritional measurement scales is recommended.
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Basha, Mathiana, and Aravind Shanmugam. "Measurement mid arm circumference and study its correlation with the birth weight of the babies." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20222762.
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Background: To know the correlation between birth weight and mid arm circumference (MAC). To test the sensitivity and specificity of cut off limits of MAC for the identification of low-birth-weight babies <2000 gm and <2500 gm.Methods: In this observational study, 300 children were enrolled. Birth weight was measured using electronic weighing scale of accuracy 10 grams within 24 hours of life. Right MAC was measured using non-stretchable tap to the nearest of 0.1 cm at the midpoint between tip of olecranon process of ulna and the acromian process of scapula. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Different cut offs for MAC and their sensitivity, specificity to identify LBW babies <2.5 kg was analyzed through ROC. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee.Results: MAC highly correlated with weight (p<0.001). A MAC of <10 cm, predicts a birth weight of ≤2500 gm, with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 49% MAC of ≤9 cm, predicts a birth weight of ≤2000 gm, with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 87%. Regression values were analyzed and formula for detecting birth weight for the given MAC was derived.Conclusions: A positive correlation existed between midarm circumference and birth weight (p<0.001). A cut off value of 10 cm of MAC for identification of low-birth-weight babies weighting ≤2500 gm and 9 cm of MAC for identification of low-birth-weight babies ≤2000 gm with optimum sensitivity and specificity.
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Saueressig, Camila, Vivian Luft, and Valesca Dall'Alba. "Mid-Arm Circumference is an Independent Predictor of 30-Days Mortality in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_073.
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Abstract Objectives Malnutrition is common in cirrhosis and is associated with a worse prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status by mid-arm circumference (MAC) and the association between MAC and mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Methods This is a prospective cohort study performed with hospitalized decompensated cirrhotic patients. Nutritional status was assessed within 72 hours of admission, from April 2017 to April 2018. Patients with values of MAC ≤5th percentile were considered malnourished. Survival over time was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and significant predictors of 30-days and long-term mortality were identified using Cox proportional hazards models. Results One-hundred patients with an average age of 60.1 ± 10.3 years were evaluated. Of these, 63% were male. The presence of ascites was the most observed complication with a prevalence of 69%, followed by variceal bleeding in 24% and hepatic encephalopathy in 22%. The median of follow-up time of patients was 11.2 months (range, 2.4–21). Overall mortality was 60% and mortality in 30-days was 16%. Malnourished patients through MAC (30%) were significantly more likely to die in either follow-up of 30-days (Log-rank value: 0.008) and long-term mortality (Log-rank value: 0.001). The 30-days probabilities of survival were 70% in patients malnourished by MAC compared to 90% in patients with MAC values > 5th percentile. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age and Child-Pugh score, patients with malnutrition had a higher risk of 30-days mortality (HR: 3.64; 95% CI 1.33–9.95; P = 0.012) and after total period of follow-up (HR: 2.21; 95% CI 1.30–3.73; P < 0.001). Higher values of MAC were associated with a reduced overall mortality risk in 30-days and long-term of 15% and 8%, respectively. Conclusions Malnutrition, assessed by a simple bedside anthropometric parameter, can predict short-term and long-term follow-up mortality risk in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Therefore, MAC may be an efficacious tool to assess nutritional status and identify patients with a high risk of mortality. Funding Sources This study was supported by a CAPES and FIPE/HCPA scholarship. The sources of funding were not involved in study design; in collection, analysis and interpretation of the data.
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Peng, Hongquan, Chiwa Aoieong, Tou Tou, Tsungyang Tsai, and Jianxun Wu. "Clinical assessment of nutritional status using the modified quantified subjective global assessment and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Macao." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 9 (September 2021): 030006052110455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211045517.
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Objective Malnutrition is widespread among patients undergoing hemodialysis and is linked to high morbidity and mortality rates. We evaluated the nutritional status and malnutrition markers in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Macao. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 360 patients in a hemodialysis center. The modified quantitative subjective global assessment (MQSGA), anthropometric indices and related biochemical test data were used to evaluate nutritional status. Results The sample's mean age was 63.47 ± 13.95 years. There were 210 well-nourished (58.3%), 139 mild-to-moderately malnourished (38.6%) and 11 severely malnourished (3.1%) patients. Older patients had a higher incidence of severe malnutrition, but there were no significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Mid-arm circumference (MAC); mid-arm muscle circumference; body mass index; triceps skin fold thickness; serum albumin, creatinine and urea; and hemoglobin were all valid for assessing nutritional status. MAC and the serum albumin and creatinine concentrations significantly negatively correlated with MQSGA. Conclusions Malnutrition is commonplace in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Macao, but their nutritional status is not affected by diabetes. Serum creatinine, serum albumin and MAC, and especially pre-dialysis creatinine concentration, represent effective, readily available, and easily remembered screening measures of nutritional status for patients undergoing maintenance dialysis.
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Indraswari, Darmawati Ayu, Hafizhil Uzhma Al Ahmadi, Devi Wahyu Arum Sari, Timothy Jordan, Buwono Puruhito, Edwin Basyar, Saekhol Bakri, and Muflihatul Muniroh. "Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference are Associated with Visceral Fats Measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Adolescents." DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO) 10, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v10i5.32040.
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Background: Overweight and obesity are two health conditions that contribute to the impaired quality of life. Two parameters of obesity also indicating body composition, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), have been used as simple tools to assess abdominal visceral fats. The correlation between both measurements and visceral fats remains unclear.Objective: The study aims at demonstrating that body mass index and waist circumference may reflect visceral fats using bioelectrical impedance analysis in adolescents.Methods: First-year students of the Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University participated in the study. This cross-sectional study measured BMI, WC, mid-arm circumference (MAC), and visceral fat (VF) of 130 participants. BMI, WC, MAC, and VF were assessed using Omron digital scale, measuring tape, and body impedance analysis, respectively. Spearman test was used for the bivariate analysis while multiple regression was employed to perform multivariate analysis. Significant results were determined if p value <0.05 for the bivariates.Results: The correlation between body mass index and visceral fats showed a strong value with r: 0.794 and p-value=<0.001. The correlation between mid-arm circumference and visceral fats showed r= 0.713 and p value=<0.001. Meanwhile the correlation between waist circumference and visceral fats showed r= 0.655 and p value=<0.001. BMI and WC showed the greatest correlation to VF. The comparison between genders resulted in men having stronger relationships between BMI and VF, and WC and VF.Conclusion: BMI and waist circumference are strongly related to visceral fats based on BIA in medical students.
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Yogita Sapkota, Arun Gnawali, Kalpana Tiwari, Tulsi Maya Sharma, and Basanti Thapa. "Assessment of Severity of Liver Cirrhosis and Nutritional status of Cirrhotic patients in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.2.0145.
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Malnutrition is common in chronic liver disease. The general objective of this study was to assess severity and nutritional status of cirrhotic patients in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). A cross-sectional study was carried out among 88 cirrhotic patients of age group of ≥18 years. Information regarding general profile of patient, Child Turcotte Pugh score (CTP), Model for End Stage Liver Diseases-Na Score ( MELD-Na), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Mid Arm Circumference (MAC), Triceps Skin Fold Thickness (TST), Mid Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC) and Functional Assessment: Handgrip Strength (HGS) was collected. SPSS version 20 was used to analyse data. Majority (56.8%) belonged to CTP grade C, 31.8% belonged to CTP grade B and 11.4% patients belonged to CTP grade A. Majority, 72.7%, 71.6% and 65.9% were malnourished when assessed using SGA, TST and MAC respectively. Majority, 86.4% of the patients had impaired handgrip strength. SGA, TST, MAC and HGS were significantly associated with CTP whereas no any statistically significant association was found between Child-Pugh and MAMC. There was statistically significant difference among the MELD Na means among SGA and HGS classes. The mean MELD Na scores did not significantly differ between among the TST, MAC and MAMC classes. The early diagnosis of the nutritional state and the treatment of malnutrition in cirrhotic patients can contribute to a reduction in the frequency and/or severity of these complications. SGA, TST, MAC and HGS are the non-invasive and easy methods of nutritional assessment of cirrhotic patients to use in regular clinical practice at bed side.
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Sedhain, Arun, Rajani Hada, Rajendra Kumar Agrawal, Gandhi R. Bhattarai, and Anil Baral. "Assessment of Nutritional Status of Nepalese Hemodialysis Patients by Anthropometric Examinations and Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 8 (January 2015): NMI.S27640. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/nmi.s27640.
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Objective To assess the nutritional status of patients on maintenance hemodialysis by using modified quantitative subjective global assessment (MQSGA) and anthropometric measurements. Method We Conducted a cross sectional descriptive analytical study to assess the nutritional status of fifty four patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis by using MQSGA and different anthropometric and laboratory measurements like body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), triceps skin fold (TSF) and biceps skin fold (BSF), serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile in a government tertiary hospital at Kathmandu, Nepal. Results Based on MQSGA criteria, 66.7% of the patients suffered from mild to moderate malnutrition and 33.3% were well nourished. None of the patients were severely malnourished. CRP was positive in 56.3% patients. Serum albumin, MAC and BMI were (mean + SD) 4.0 + 0.3 mg/dl, 22 + 2.6 cm and 19.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2 respectively. MQSGA showed negative correlation with MAC ( r = −0.563; P = < 0.001), BMI ( r = −0.448; P = < 0.001), MAMC ( r = −0.506; P = < .0001), TSF ( r = −0.483; P = < .0002), and BSF ( r = −0.508; P = < 0.0001). Negative correlation of MQSGA was also found with total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol without any statistical significance. Conclusion Mild to moderate malnutrition was found to be present in two thirds of the patients undergoing hemodialysis. Anthropometric measurements like BMI, MAC, MAMC, BSF and TSF were negatively correlated with MQSGA. Anthropometric and laboratory assessment tools could be used for nutritional assessment as they are relatively easier, cheaper and practical markers of nutritional status.
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Maskey, Abhishek, Yukta Narayan Regmi, and Sushant Katuwal. "Nutritional Status of Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis in a Tertiary Referral Hospital of Nepal." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 15, no. 2 (April 23, 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v15i2.15823.
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Introduction: Malnutrition is a common problem in hemodialysis patient, which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. There is paucity of data regarding the nutritional status of patient on maintenance hemodialysis in developing countries. This study attempts to access nutritional status of patients on hemodialysis in tertiary referral hospital on western region of Nepal and correlate it with biochemical and laboratory parameters.Methods: A total of fifty patients on hemodialysis were evaluated. Nutritional assessment was made by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) score, anthropometrics [Body Mass Index (BMI), Triceps Skin Fold Thickness (TSF), Mid Arm Circumference (MAC), Mid Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC) and biochemical tests.Results: The study assessed 50 patients (34 males and 16 females) with mean age of 54 ± 14 years. Seventy eight percent (39) patients had mild to moderate malnutrition. Anthropometric parameters like BMI, TSF, MAC with normal nutrition were significantly higher than in patients with mild to moderate malnutrition. Malnutrition score (MS) by SGA significantly correlated with duration of dialysis. However, serum albumin was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Malnutrition is very common in patients undergoing hemodialysis with SGA having significant correlation with duration of dialysis. Routine nutritional monitoring among such patients are extremely important for diagnosing malnutrition early on, thus preventing complications and reducing the morbidity and mortality rates in this population.
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Nair, R. B. "Mid Arm Circumference (MAC) and Body Mass Index (BMI) - The Two Important Auxologic Parameters in Neonates." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 52, no. 5 (January 9, 2006): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fml023.
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Almeida, Ana Isabel, Marta Correia, Maria Camilo, and Paula Ravasco. "Length of stay in surgical patients: nutritional predictive parameters revisited." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001134.
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Nutritional evaluation may predict clinical outcomes, such as hospital length of stay (LOS). We aimed to assess the value of nutritional risk and status methods, and to test standard anthropometry percentilesv.the 50th percentile threshold in predicting LOS, and to determine nutritional status changes during hospitalisation and their relation with LOS. In this longitudinal prospective study, 298 surgical patients were evaluated at admission and discharge. At admission, nutritional risk was assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and nutritional status by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), involuntary % weight loss in the previous 6 months and anthropometric parameters; % weight loss and anthropometry were reassessed at discharge. At admission, risk/undernutrition results by NRS-2002 (P< 0·001), MUST (P< 0·001), % weight loss (P< 0·001) and SGA (P< 0·001) were predictive of longer LOS. A mid-arm circumference (MAC) or a mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMA) under the 15th and the 50th percentile, which was considered indicative of undernutrition, did predict longer LOS (P< 0·001); conversely, there was no association between depleted triceps skinfold (TSF) and longer LOS. In-hospital, there was a high prevalence of weight, muscle and fat losses, associated with longer LOS. At discharge, patients with a simultaneous negative variation in TSF+MAC+MAMA (n158, 53 %) had longer LOS than patients with a TSF+MAC+MAMA positive variation (11 (8–15)v.8 (7–12) d,P< 0·001). We concluded that at risk or undernutrition evaluated by all methods, except TSF and BMI, predicted a longer LOS. Moreover, MAC and MAMA measurements and their classification according to the 50th percentile threshold seem reliable undernutrition indicators.
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Handayani, Maria Dara Novi, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Arta Farmawati, and Wasilah Rochmah. "Anthropometric Prediction Equations for Estimating Muscle Mass of Elderly Women." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 14, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v14i2.14073.
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Muscle Mass (MM) has an important role in health and physical performance. There are many MM prediction equations, but none is formulated in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop Anthropometric Equations (AE) prediction for MM. A cross sectional study was used to formulate AE prediction through multiple regression analysis. The significance of observed differences between predicted and actual MM was tested by t test while level of agreement was assessed by Bland Altman plot. A significant correlation was found between MM and height, body mass index, calf/arm/waist circumferences, and waist hip ratio (p<0.05). Regression anal¬ysis indicated that age, height, and Mid Arm Circumference (MAC) contributed significantly to MM. The resulting equation was MM (kg) = -10.22+(-.097x age)+(0.16xheight)+(0.30xMAC). There was no significant difference between actual and predicted MM results, and both had significant correlation. These results suggest that age, AP related to MM and AE provide valid prediction of MM for healthy elderly women in Jakarta.
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Dhandapani, Manju, Sivashanmugam Dhandapani, Meena Agarwal, Alka Chutani, Bhawani S. Sharma, and Ashok K. Mahapatra. "Role of Anthropometric Nutritional Assessment in Severe Head Injury." Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 16, no. 01 (April 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698718.
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Abstract Aim Nutritional demand after traumatic brain injury is increased due to hypermetabolic response. The present study was undertaken to assess nutritional status with anthropometric indices, factors associated, and their prognostic role following severe head injury (SHI). Method A total of 114 patients in age group 20 to 60 years, admitted within 24 hours of SHI, with Glasgow Coma Scale of 4 to 8, and with no serious systemic disorder were enrolled for the study. Of these, 67 were prospectively assessed weekly till 21 days for changes in mid arm circumference (MAC), mid arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and triceps skin fold thickness (TSF). They were studied in relation to other factors and outcome was assessed at 3 months. Results The percentage fall at 3 weeks for MAC, MAMC, and TSF were 14, 10, and 37%, respectively. The percentage of fall in MAMC was the earliest, and was significantly greater in patients with surgical intervention, tracheostomy, prolonged fever, delayed enteral feeding, and greater caloric deficit. Admission MAMC < 90% of standard was significantly associated with unfavorable outcome (odds ratio 5.9 [95% confidence interval 1.3–27.8], p = 0.01). Unfavorable outcome was significantly more frequent in patients who had at least 15% fall in MAC (85.7 vs. 41.9%, p = 0.03), or 10% fall in MAMC (68.8 vs. 38.2%, p = 0.04) at 2 weeks, compared with others. Fall in TSF had no significant association with outcome at 3 months. In multivariate analysis, MAMC fall had significant independent association with unfavorable outcome. Conclusion Bedside anthropometry (especially MAMC) is efficient in identifying patients with nutrition depletion with significant influence on outcome at 3 months.
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Cattermole, G. N., M. Leung, P. Mak, H. K. So, C. A. Graham, and T. H. Rainer. "Children's Weights Correlate More Strongly with Mid-arm Circumference (MAC) than with Age, Height or Foot-length." Journal of Emergency Medicine 37, no. 2 (August 2009): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.06.051.
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Nitoi, Luciana Carmen, Laura Florea, Alina Aspazia Stefan, Cristian Ionita, Carina Andrei, Cristina Dascalu, and Carmen Vulpoi. "Impact of Intensive Dietary Counseling on Serum Albumin in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Liver Disease." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 11 (December 15, 2017): 2573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.11.5931.
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People on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) are at risk of developing malnutrition, which is defined as the consequence of insufficient food intake or a suboptimal quality diet. The kidney and the liver play a central role in protein metabolism. The major aim of the study was to evaluate, for the first time in Romania, the impact of intensive dietary counseling and personalised diets on serum albumin (SA) and others nutritional parameters, but also the relationship between albumin level, inflammation and nutritional status in a cohort of haemodialysis patients which associate or not chronic liver disease (CLD). We prospectively analysed the inflammatory status and malnutrition in 162 HD patients, mean age 56�13 years, from a single dialysis centre. At baseline we evaluated: a. calorie-protein intake using patient�s diet history with the help of 72 hrs recall method;b. nutritional status by anthropometric measures- post dialysis body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), TSF (tricipital skinfold), MAC (mid-arm circumference), MAMC (mid-arm muscle circumference);c. modified subjective global assessment score (mSGA);d. biochemical tests: pre-dialysis serum albumin, serum creatinine, alkaline reserve, Kt/V and Protein C Reactive (CRP). The patients were followed-up for 6 months.
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Tirmenstajn-Jankovic, Biserka, and Nada Dimkovic. "Simple methods for nutritional status assessment in patients treated with repeated hemodialysis." Medical review 57, no. 9-10 (2004): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0410439t.
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Introduction Protein-energy malnutrition is common in chronic hemodialysis patients and is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. While determination of the nutritional status is often based on objective measurements such as biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements, there is no single measurement that can reliably identify risk for malnutrition. Material and methods A subjective global assessment (SGA) was performed to evaluate the nutritional status in 43 chronic dialysis patients (27 men and 16 women). Anthropometric measurements including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), skin-fold thickness (triceps-TS, biceps-BS, subscapular-SSS, suprailiac-SIS), mid-arm circumference (MAC); mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC); body fat percentage (%BF); total body fat (TBF); lean body mass (LBM) and laboratory parameters (total proteins, albumins, transferrin, hemoglobin, lymphocytes. Results According to SGA, patients were divided into three groups: first group of 23 pts with a normal nutritional status, second group of 11 pts with mild malnutrition and third group of 9 pts with moderate or severe malnutrition. In examined groups there was a significant decrease in total protein (p = 0.02), serum albumin (p = 0.000) and hemoglobin (p = 0.04) levels with an increase in SGA scores (oneway ANOVA). In the same way, SGA was correlated with the number of anthropometric parameters (BW, BMI, TS, SSS, SIS, MAC, MAMC, % BF, TBF, LBM). Conclusion Our data confirmed a high prevalence of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients and showed that SGA closely correlated with more objective measures. Being an inexpensive method of well-proven realibility, SGA can be recommended for a more frequent assessment of nutritional status in dialysis patients.
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Guo, Jie, Ying Shang, Laura Fratiglioni, Kristina Johnell, Anna-Karin Welmer, Anna Marseglia, and Weili Xu. "Individual changes in anthropometric measures after age 60 years: a 15-year longitudinal population-based study." Age and Ageing 50, no. 5 (March 26, 2021): 1666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab045.
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Abstract Background weight loss is commonly observed with ageing. We explored the trajectory of body mass index (BMI) and two proxies of muscle mass—calf circumference (CC) and mid-arm circumference (MAC)—and identified their determinants. Methods within the SNAC-K cohort, 2,155 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 years were followed over 15 years. BMI, CC and MAC were measured at baseline and follow-ups. Baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were collected through interviews. Diabetes and vascular disorders were diagnosed by physicians through clinical examination and medical records. Data were analysed using linear mixed-effect models stratified by age (younger-old [<78 years] vs. older-old [≥78 years]). Results over the 15-year follow-up, BMI remained stable among participants aged 60 years at baseline (βslope = 0.009 [95% confidence interval −0.006 to 0.024], P = 0.234) and declined significantly among those aged ≥66 years, while CC and MAC declined significantly across all age groups. The decline over 15 years in BMI, CC and MAC separately was 0.435 kg/m2, 1.110 cm and 1.455 cm in the younger-old and was 3.480 kg/m2, 3.405 cm and 3.390 cm in the older-old. In younger-old adults, higher education was associated with slower declines in all three measures, while vascular disorders and diabetes were associated with faster declines. In older-old adults, vigorous physical activity slowed declines in BMI and CC, while vascular disorders accelerated declines in BMI and MAC. Conclusions CC and MAC declined earlier and more steeply than BMI. Cardiometabolic disorders accelerated such declines, while higher education and physical activity could counteract those declines.
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Yeung, Suey S. Y., Jenny S. W. Lee, and Timothy Kwok. "A Nutritionally Complete Oral Nutritional Supplement Powder Improved Nutritional Outcomes in Free-Living Adults at Risk of Malnutrition: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 11354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811354.
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Background: This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) on nutrition-related outcomes over 12 weeks in Chinese adults with or at risk of malnutrition. Methods: 88 Chinese adults ≥18 years living independently in Hong Kong with Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) score ≤11 were randomly assigned to (1) 2 servings/day of nutritionally complete ONS powder made with water (Fresubin® Powder (Fresubin Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany), 600 kcal, 22.4 g protein) for 12 weeks (intervention group) or (2) no treatment (control group). The primary outcome was increase in body weight (BW) over 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included improvement in body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), calf circumference, MNA-SF score, quality of life, self-rated health, frailty, and diet quality. Results: The intervention group showed a significantly higher mean increase in BW compared with the control group (1.381 kg, intervention vs control, p < 0.001). The intervention group also showed significantly higher mean increases in BMI, MAC, calf circumference, intake of energy, protein, vitamin D, and calcium compared with the control group. No group differences in the changes of other outcomes were observed. Conclusions: For Chinese free-living adults at risk of malnutrition, daily consumption of a nutritionally complete ONS powder improved nutritional outcomes compared with the control group.
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Urbano, Ana Paula Signori, Ligia Yukie Sassaki, Mariana de Souza Dorna, Paula Torres Presti, Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite Carvalhaes, Ligia Araújo Martini, and Ana Lucia Anjos Ferreira. "Associations among body composition, inflammatory profile and disease extent in ulcerative colitis patients." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 64, no. 2 (February 2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.02.133.
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Summary Objective: The aim of our study was to assess body composition status and its association with inflammatory profile and extent of intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis patients during clinical remission. Method: This is a cross-sectional study in which body composition data (phase angle [PhA], fat mass [FM], triceps skin fold thickness [TSFt], mid-arm circumference [MAC], mid-arm muscle circumference [MAMC], adductor pollicis muscle thickness [APMt]), inflammatory profile (C-reactive protein [CRP], a1-acid glycoprotein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) and disease extent were recorded. Results: The mean age of the 59 patients was 48.1 years; 53.3% were women. Most patients were in clinical remission (94.9%) and 3.4% was malnourished according to body mass index. PhA was inversely correlated with inflammatory markers such as CRP (R=-0.59; p<0.001) and ESR (R=-0.46; p<0.001) and directly correlated with lean mass: MAMC (R=0.31; p=0.01) and APMt (R=0.47; p<0.001). Lean mass was inversely correlated with non-specific inflammation marker (APMt vs. ESR) and directly correlated with hemoglobin values (MAMC vs. hemoglobin). Logistic regression analysis revealed that body cell mass was associated with disease extent (OR 0.92; 95CI 0.87-0.97; p<0.01). Conclusion: PhA was inversely correlated with inflammatory markers and directly correlated with lean mass. Acute inflammatory markers were correlated with disease extent. Body cell mass was associated with disease extent.
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R., Bincy, and Beena Chacko. "ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 03 (September 2014): 033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703797.
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Abstract Background: Cancer treatment itself and particularly chemotherapy seems to be an important nutritional risk factor. Early nutritional assessment can identify problems to help patients increase or maintain weight, improve their response to treatment, and reduce complications.This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 30 subjects between 30 and 70 years of age diagnosed with cancer of various sites and scheduled for first cycle of chemotherapy. Nutritional status of each subject was assessed based on nutritional parameters i.e. Anthropometric [BMI (body mass index), MAMC (mid-arm muscle circumference), TSF (triceps skinfold thickness)], MAC (mid-arm circumference) and Biochemical [(Hb and Albumin)] measurements before the initiation of chemotherapy, and follow-up assessment was performed on the third week after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Results: In this study it has been found that 90% of subjects suffered from weight loss after the first cycle of chemotherapy (3wks post treatment). The't' test showed a significant decrease in TSF [t=5.4(p0.01)] and MAC [t=6.86 (p<0.01)] before and after 3 weeks of chemotherapy. The't' test showed a decrease in MAMC, t=5.83(p<0.01) before and after 3 weeks of chemotherapy. The mean serum Albumin level of the patients before and after 3weeks of chemotherapy was 3.16±.50 g/dl and 3.07±.49 g/dl respectively. A significant decrease in albumin [t=4.17 at p<0.01 level] was observed in patients after chemotherapy. The mean haemoglobin level of the patients before and after 3weeks of chemotherapy was10.64±1.88 g/dl and10.41 ± 1.89 g/dl respectively, which showed a significant decrease [(t=13.32 at p<0.01 level)]. Conclusion: The nutritional status assessment must be carried out on each patient at the beginning and during the treatment. The cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy are at risk of malnutrition.
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Ramadhan, Joriandhita, Hertanto Wahyu Subagio, and Enny Probosari. "KECEPATAN PENCAPAIAN TARGET ENERGI DAN PROTEIN SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PENURUNAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DAN LINGKAR LENGAN ATAS PADA PASIEN STROKE." IJCNP (INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION PHYSICIAN) 5, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54773/ijcnp.v5i1.84.
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Background: Some anthropometrics assessment on risk of malnutrition are by measuring the mid-arm circumference (MAC) and calculating the body mass index (BMI).
Objective: To analyze the relationship between days of energy and protein target achievement to the reduction of MAC and BMI in stroke patients in Indonesia.
Method: The study design was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach to determine the relationship between days of energy and protein target achievement to the reduction of MAC and BMI. A total of 55 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken at the Stroke Unit of RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang during January-March 2021. MAC measurements and BMI calculations were carried out. Analysis of the relationship between dependent and independent variables using the chi square statistical test.
Results: Most of the subjects achieved their energy and protein targets within ≤ 3 days. Days of energy and protein target achievement did not correlate with the reduction in MAC and BMI statistically (p> 0.05), but the research data stated that as a percentage, one third of the subjects who reached the energy and protein targets ≤ 3 days did not experience reduction.
Conclusion: All subjects were stroke patients aged 19-59 years where 49 (89,1%) could meet their energy and protein targets within ≤ 3 days and 17 (34,7%) subjects did not experience reduction in MAC and BMI.
Keywords: Stroke, MAC, BMI, malnutrition, anthropometry
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Eley, Victoria, Aaron Khoo, Christine Woods, and Andre van Zundert. "Improving Accurate Blood Pressure Cuff Allocation in Patients with Obesity: A Quality Improvement Initiative." Healthcare 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030323.
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Accurate noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement requires use of an appropriately sized cuff. We aimed to improve the perioperative allocation of NIBP cuffs in patients with Class II–III obesity. In the baseline evaluation, we measured the mid-arm circumference (MAC) of 40 patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2, documenting the corresponding cuff allocated by pre-operative nurses. The intervention consisted of the introduction of cuff allocation based on MAC measurement and augmented NIBP cuff supplies. We completed a re-evaluation and evaluation of the intervention by staff survey, using 5-point Likert scales and free text comments. At baseline, the correct cuff was allocated in 9 of 40 patients (22.5%). During the intervention, education occurred in 54 (69.2%) peri-operative nursing staff. Upon re-evaluation, the correct cuff was allocated in 30 of 40 patients (75.0%), a statistically significant improvement (χ2 = 22.1, p < 0.001). Ninety-three of 120 staff surveys were returned (78%). Eleven out of 18 preoperative staff surveyed (61.1%) felt confident measuring the arm and selecting the correct cuff. Six (33%) agreed that taking the arm measurement added a lot of extra work. Equipment shortages, accuracy concerns, and clinical workarounds were reported by staff. Our intervention increased the proportion of correct cuffs allocated, but equipment and practical issues persist with NIBP cuff selection in obese patients.
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Campbell, Rosalind, Titus Augustine, Helen Hurst, Ravi Pararajasingam, David van Dellen, Sheilagh Armstrong, Carol Bartley, Linda Birtles, and Angela Summers. "Anthropometrics Identify Wasting in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 35, no. 4 (July 2015): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2013.00098.
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♦IntroductionEncapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis in which gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms reduce appetite and dietary intake. Adequate nutrition is important, especially if surgery is required. Although the incidence of EPS is low, the present report is able to detail preoperative nutrition status and treatment in a large cohort of patients from a national EPS referral center.♦MethodsOf 51 patients admitted to this EPS specialist center hospital for their first peritonectomy in the study period, 50 had a preoperative dietetic assessment, and 49 underwent upper-arm anthropometry.♦ResultsMean body mass index (BMI) was 20.6 kg/m2. Mean weight loss was 14% of body weight in the preceding 6 months, with 35 of 50 patients losing more than 10%. On anthropometry, 25 of 49 patients were below the 5th percentile for mid-arm circumference (MAC), 17 of 49 were below for triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and 21 of 49 were below for mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC). Mean handgrip strength (HGS) was 60% of normal, with 43 of 49 patients being below 85% of normal. Appetite was poor in 21 of 50 patients, and 37 of 50 had upper and 40 of 50 had lower GI symptoms. By subjective global assessment, 27 of 51 patients were graded as severely malnourished, and 5 of 51, as well-nourished. Mean serum albumin was 28 g/L and did not correlate with BMI, MAC, TSF, MAMC, or HGS. In most patients, C-reactive protein was elevated (mean: 111 mg/L). Preoperative parenteral nutrition was given to 46 of 51 patients for a mean of 21 days.♦DiscussionOur findings demonstrate the poor nutrition status of patients admitted for EPS surgical intervention. Anthropometrics reveal depleted fat and lean body mass in EPS patients, which might be a result of anorexia and inflammation, and the reason that albumin was not an accurate marker of nutrition. Poor nutrition status is likely to negatively affect outcome in this patient group.♦ConclusionsEarly recognition of GI symptoms may herald a diagnosis of EPS. Optimization of preoperative nutrition status with intensive nutrition support is needed.
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Antonia, Myra. "Body Mass Index Affect Extracellular Mass/Body Cell Mass Ratio The Most." Damianus Journal of Medicine 20, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/djm.v20i2.2638.
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ABSTRACT
Background: Extracellular mass/body cell mass (ECM/BCM) ratio is a independent predictor mortality in nutritional status and certain chronic disease. ECM/BCM ratio is influenced by various factors such as muscle mass, blood cells, bone mass, tendons, total body water, and certain chronic diseases.
Objective: Determine factors associated with elderly ECM/BCM ratio in Jakarta nursing home.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in four nursing home in Jakarta. Nutritional status measured with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Mid-Arm Circumference (MAC), and calf circumference (CC) using measurement. ECM/BCM ratio is measured using Maltron Bioscan 916, Pearson correlation and Kendall's Tau B were used for bivariate analysis. Simple linear regression was used for multivariate analysis.
Results: A total of 74 subjects were recruited (mean age 72.12 years, 71.6% women). Body mass index (p<0.05), WC (p<0.05), and CC (p<0.05) were negatively associated with ECM/BCM ratio, while MNA score (p<0.05) and age (p<0.05) were positively associated with ECM/BCM ratio. There wasn't any significant difference in TBW between male and female elderly. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, BMI was negatively associated with ECM/BCM ratio (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Significant relationship were found independently between MNA score, BMI, WC,MAC, and age with ECM/BCM ratio. Body mass index is the main factor associated with ECM/BCM ratio in the elderly in Jakarta nursing homes. Our findings suggest that elderly with lower BMI have higher ECM/BCM ratio.
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Goyal, S., T. Puri, D. N. Sharma, P. K. Julka, and G. K. Rath. "Lymphedema following irradiation in breast cancer: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e11569-e11569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e11569.
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e11569 Background: Nearly 15–30% of breast cancer patients (pts) face lymphedema (LE) following locoregional therapy, incidence being higher with surgery (Sx) & radiotherapy (RT) combination than with Sx alone. We intended to study the incidence of post-RT LE and associated symptoms. Method: We evaluated 104 unilateral breast cancer pts who had completed curative therapy (Sx + RT + chemotherapy ± hormone therapy HT), with a minimum follow up of 6 months. Besides demographic & treatment details, symptoms associated with LE and objective measurements of upper limb circumference were recorded using an indigenous questionnaire. Results: Median age was 45 years (range 28–65). Chest wall or breast RT was delivered using medial & lateral tangential portals (Cobalt-60 unit) in 88 pts & with 12 MeV electrons in 18 pts. Of all pts, 77 were given supraclavicular & axillary RT. HT was given to 72 pts. Pathological stages were: T1/2- 73, T3/4- 27, Tx-4; N0–44, N1–25, N2/3–33, Nx-2. Arm swelling was reported by 68 pts (mild-40, moderate-28). Other symptoms included reduced range of motion (mild-52, moderate-24), fatigue (48), pain (28), numbness (20), infections (12), shoulder droop (12) and local tenderness (8). Forty-four pts reported having psychological stress (mild-40, moderate-4). Nearly 60% had symptoms mandating change in physical activity (mild-56, moderate-8). Dominant hand was involved in 57 pts. Shoulder exercises were advised in 84 pts; compliance was poor in 16, average in 32, & good in 36. Only 36 pts were advised compression garments, compliance being poor in 28, average in 4 & good in 4. Objective measurements revealed a difference of ≥3 cm in 27 pts in mid-arm circumference (MAC) (median 5.5 cm, maximum 8 cm) & 34 pts in forearm circumference (FAC) (median 3.5, maximum 7 cm). There was no significant association between MAC or FAC with age, stage, body surface area, basal metabolic index, Sx type, chemotherapy or HT. Perceived LE and objective measurements correlated well. MAC difference >3 cm was seen in 28.5% (22/77) pts who received axillary RT and in 18.5% (5/27) of those who received only local RT. Conclusions: LE, with its associated complications, is often understudied in breast cancer survivors. Revision of Sx and RT policies (e.g., omission of axillary dissection & RT in selected pts) may help minimise LE. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Gungor, Anil Evrim, Perihan Arslan, and Osman Abbasoglu. "A study of nutritional status, development of malnutrition and food consumption in hospitalized patients." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Health Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijeths.v3i2.4487.
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Purpose: To investigate the nutritional status of patients on admission and during hospital stay, the factors leading to weight loss, and to evaluate patient satisfaction of hospital food. Methods: On admission, Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002), weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), mid upper arm circumference (MAC) measurements were carried out; serum total protein and albumin levels were recorded. Upon discharge, measurements of weight, MAC were repeated, along with a food satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Patients with NRS-2002>3, BMI<20, were classified as nutrionally at risk which were 43.6% and 9.4% respectively. Of the patients, 77% lost weight (2.6±1.9 kg). Patients who were determined to be malnourished on admission by BMI and NRS-2002 stayed longer in hospital (p<0.0 and p<0.001, respectively). The relationships between weight loss and lenght of stay, use of medications and period of starvation were significant (p<0.0001, for each). Of the patients, 49.9% did not satisfy with the hospital food. Conclusions: Nutritional status of hospitalized patients should be screened with NRS-2002, assessed and monitored.
Keywords: NRS-2002, hospital malnutrition, hospital food services
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IGA Dewi Purnamawati. "Status Nutrisi Pada Anak Dengan Gangguan Ginjal Kronis: Literatur Review." Buletin Kesehatan: Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang kesehatan 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36971/keperawatan.v5i2.94.
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Latarbelakang: Malnutrisi merupakan komplikasi yang umum pada anak dengan Cronic Kidney Disease (CKD), pemberian nutrisi yang adekuat akan mendorong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan normal serta evaluasi status gizi secara teratur merupakan poin kunci dalam pengelolaan anak dengan CKD. Tujuan: mengidentifikasi melalui studi literatur tentang status nutrisi pada anak dengan CKD. Metode: literature review melalui penelusuran database: Gogle Scholar, Proquest, EBSCO, Clinicalkey Nursing database dari tahun 2018 sampai dengan 2021. Studi yang terpilih dengan kriteria tentang pengkajian status nutrisi, evaluasi status nutrisi, pertumbuhan pada anak dengan CKD yang telah menjalani hemodialisis atau peritoneal dialysis. Hasil: Sembilan studi masuk dalam review dan memberikan gambaran status nutrisi yang kurang pada anak dengan CKD. Gambaran tinggi badan, berat badan, Mid-arm circumference (MAC), Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TSFT) yang kurang, lingkar lengan atas yang kecil, indek massa tubuh yang rendah serta penurunan HDL kolesterol, hipoalbumin, anemia, defisiensi vitamin A, C, D, hipokalsemia, hipokalemia dan hiperkreatinemia, peningkatan kolesterol dan hipertrigliseridemia. Kesimpulan: status nutrisi anak dengan CKD merupakan masalah yang dihadapi oleh anak dengan multifaktor sehingga dibutuhkan suatu pemantauan yang kontinyu terkait status nutrisi anak untuk mencegah gagal nutrisi yang berat.
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Contreras-Bolívar, Sánchez-Torralvo, Ruiz-Vico, González-Almendros, Barrios, Padín, Alba, and Olveira. "GLIM Criteria Using Hand Grip Strength Adequately Predict Six-Month Mortality in Cancer Inpatients." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092043.
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Protein-calorie malnutrition is very frequent in cancer patients and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Recently, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were proposed to standardize the diagnosis of malnutrition. Nevertheless, these criteria were not validated in prospective studies. Our objective is to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in cancer inpatients using different diagnostic classifications, including GLIM criteria, and to establish their association with length of stay and mortality. Hence, we designed a prospective study. Within the first 24 hours of admission to the Inpatient Oncology Unit, subjective global assessment (SGA) was carried out, and anthropometric data (body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), arm muscle circumference (AMC), fat-free mass index (FFMI)) and hand grip strength (HGS) were obtained to assess the reduction of muscle mass according to GLIM criteria. Length of stay, biomarkers (albumin, prealbumin, C-reactive protein (CRP)), and in-hospital and six-month mortality were evaluated. Regarding the 282 patients evaluated, their mean age was 60.4 ± 12.6 years, 55.7% of them were male, and 92.9% had an advanced-stage tumor (17.7% stage III, 75.2% stage IV). According to SGA, 81.6% of the patients suffered from malnutrition (25.5% moderate malnutrition, and 56.1% severe malnutrition), and, based on GLIM criteria, malnutrition rate was between 72.2 and 80.0% depending on the used tool. Malnourished patients (regardless of the tool used) showed significantly worse values concerning BMI, length of stay, and levels of CRP/albumin, albumin, and prealbumin than normally nourished patients. In logistic regression, adjusted for confounding variables, the odds ratio of death at six months was significantly associated with malnutrition by SGA (odds ratio 2.73, confidence interval (CI) 1.35–5.52, p = 0.002), and by GLIM criteria calculating muscle mass with HGS (odds ratio 2.72, CI 1.37–5.40, p = 0.004) and FFMI (odds ratio 1.87, CI 1.01–3.48, p = 0.047), but not by MAC or AMC. The prevalence of malnutrition in advanced-stage cancer inpatients is very high. SGA and GLIM criteria, especially with HGS, are useful tools to diagnose malnutrition and have a similar predictive value regarding six-month mortality in cancer inpatients.
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Wells, M., L. N. Goldstein, and A. Bentley. "Development and validation of a method to estimate body weight in critically ill children using length and mid-arm circumference measurements: The PAWPER XL-MAC system." South African Medical Journal 107, no. 11 (October 31, 2017): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2017.v107i11.12505.
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Poudel, Anshu, Nisha K. Bhatta, Mohan Chandra Regmi, Lokraj Shah, and Rajan Paudel. "Assessment of Common Maternal Risk Factors in Fetal Malnutrition." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 1377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v6i1.37641.
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Introduction: Nutritional assessment of the newborn gives the reflection of the growth process in the intrauterine period. The Clinical Assessment of Fetal Nutritional Status score (CAN score) method is only the method to assess the fetal malnutrition which includes the clinical observation for the presence of the sign of malnutrition in newborns. Since the fetal growth is related to availability of intrauterine nutrition and placental function, there may be several maternal factors associated with the fetal malnutrition.
Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalance of Fetal Malnutrition in term newborns and the role of maternal factors in the etiology of fetal malnutrition (FM) in the Neonatal and Maternity Units of B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan.
Methodology: This was a hospital based observational cross sectional study of consecutive, singleton, term live babies delivered between September 2019 to March 2020. Fetal malnutrition was diagnosed using Clinical Assessment of Fetal Nutritional Status score (CAN score) developed by Metcoff. The maternal history was obtained from the mother which included age, parity, socioeconomic class, pre pregnancy weight, number of antenatal care during pregnancy, history of maternal illness and drugs taken during pregnancy. Nutritional status of the mother was determined using weight, height, mid arm circumference (MAC) and the body mass index (BMI). Collected data was entered in Microsoft excel 2010 and converted it into SPSS 23 version software, for statistical analysis.
Results: Of the 400 studied newborns, 73 [18%] had FM. The prevalence of teenage pregnancy, primiparity, lower maternal mid arm circumference and vegetarian diets were higher in the mothers of the babies who had suffered fetal malnutrition than the mothers of the babies without FM (p value <0.05).The adverse maternal condition like Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), Antepartum hemorrahge (APH), Urinary tract infection (UTI), fever during pregnancy had significant impact in the fetal malnutrition(p value <0.05).
Conclusion: Improvement in the socioeconomic condition of women and good antenatal care could reduce most of the maternal factors associated with fetal malnutrition. There should be implementation of more accessible programs which address the issues of the maternal nutrition and the maternal health care in Nepal.
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Yapan, Piengbulan, Chirameth Promchirachote, Chutima Yaiyiam, Suraiya Rahman, Julaporn Pooliam, and Tuangsit Wataganara. "Intrapartum prediction of birth weight with a simplified algorithmic approach derived from maternal characteristics." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 47, no. 6 (August 27, 2019): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0347.
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Abstract Objective To derive and validate a population-specific multivariate approach for birth weight (BW) prediction based on quantitative intrapartum assessment of maternal characteristics by means of an algorithmic method in low-risk women. Methods The derivation part (n = 200) prospectively explored 10 variables to create the best-fit algorithms (70% correct estimates within ±10% of actual BW) for prediction of BW at term; vertex presentation with engagement. The algorithm was then cross validated with samples of unrelated cases (n = 280) to compare the accuracy with the routine abdominal palpation method. Results The best-fit algorithms were parity-specific. The derived simplified algorithms were (1) BW (g) = 100 [(0.42 × symphysis-fundal height (SFH; cm)) + gestational age at delivery (GA; weeks) − 25] in nulliparous, and (2) BW (g) = 100 [(0.42 × SFH (cm)) + GA − 23] in multiparous. Cross validation showed an overall 69.3% accuracy within ±10% of actual BW, which exceeded routine abdominal palpation (60.4%) (P = 0.019). The algorithmic BW prediction was significantly more accurate than routine abdominal palpation in women with the following characteristics: BW 2500–4000 g, multiparous, pre-pregnancy weight <50 kg, current weight <60 kg, height <155 cm, body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2, cervical dilatation 3–5 cm, station <0, intact membranes, SFH 30–39 cm, maternal abdominal circumference (mAC) <90 cm, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <25 cm and female gender of the neonates (P < 0.05). Conclusion An overall accuracy of term BW prediction by our simplified algorithms exceeded that of routine abdominal palpation.
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Koulentaki, Mairi, Ioannis Drygiannakis, Aikaterini Mantaka, Evangelos Moschapidakis, Anna Chalkiadaki, Aikaterini Augoustaki, Aspasia Spyridaki, Elias Kouroumalis, and Anastasia Markaki. "Nutritional Assessment of Greek Liver Cirrhosis Patients: Mini Nutritional Assessment Predicts Mortality." Healthcare 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050859.
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Malnutrition is highly prevalent in liver cirrhosis (LC). It increases as the severity of the disease progresses and it is related to poor survival. The objectives of the study were the nutritional assessment of Greek LC patients, using various nutritional assessment and screening tools, and the comparison of their predictive value for mortality. In total, 137 (77 male) consecutive LC patients (median age: 67 years) were assessed with subjective global assessment (SGA) and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaires, anthropometrics, handgrip strength (HGS) tests, and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), in comparison to a control group of 148 healthy people. Disease severity was assessed using the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores. Patients were followed up for a median of 19 months. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. In total, 60% and 43% of patients were of adequate nutritional status by SGA and MNA, respectively, which was confirmed by most anthropometric measurements. MNA and SGA scores correlated significantly with anthropometrics and BIA-derived parameters. Besides the MELD score, mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold (TSF), BIA’s phase angle (Pha), and MNA predicted mortality in cirrhotic patients. The nutritional assessment demonstrated an unexpectedly high prevalence of well-nourished LC patients. MNA was a strong predictor of mortality.
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Skladany, Lubomir, Pavol Molcan, Jana Vnencakova, Petra Vrbova, Michal Kukla, Lukas Laffers, and Tomas Koller. "Frailty in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Cirrhosis: A Comparison with Alcoholic Cirrhosis, Risk Patterns, and Impact on Prognosis." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2021 (May 21, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5576531.
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Background. Physical frailty increases susceptibility to stressors and predicts adverse outcomes of cirrhosis. Data on disease course in different etiologies are scarce, so we aimed to compare the prevalence and risk factors of frailty and its impact on prognosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and alcoholic (ALD) cirrhosis. Patients and Methods. Cirrhosis registry RH7 operates since 2014 and includes hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis, pre-LT evaluation, or curable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). From the RH7, we identified 280 ALD and 105 NAFLD patients with at least 6 months of follow-up. Results. Patients with NAFLD compared with ALD were older and had a higher proportion of females, higher body mass index (BMI) and mid-arm circumference (MAC), lower MELD score, CRP, and lower proportion of refractory ascites. The liver frailty index did not differ, and the prevalence of HCC was higher (17.1 vs. 6.8%, p = 0.002 ). Age, sex, serum albumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were independent predictors of frailty. In NAFLD, frailty was also associated with BMI and MAC and in ALD, with the MELD score. The Cox model adjusted for age, sex, MELD, CRP, HCC, and LFI showed that NAFLD patients had higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.88 95% CI 1.32–2.67, p < 0.001 ) and were more sensitive to the increase in LFI (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.05–2.2). Conclusion. Patients with NAFLD cirrhosis had a comparable prevalence of frailty compared to ALD. Although prognostic indices showed less advanced disease, NAFLD patients were more sensitive to frailty, which reflected their higher overall disease burden and led to higher all-cause mortality.
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Kukla, Michał, Lubomir Skladany, Tomasz Menżyk, Aleksandra Derra, Dominika Stygar, Magdalena Skonieczna, Dorota Hudy, et al. "Irisin in Liver Cirrhosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 3158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103158.
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Background: Sarcopenia is a prevalent muscle abnormality characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, common among patients with decompensated advanced chronic liver disease (dACLD). Irisin is a recently identified myokine, which is mainly expressed and secreted by skeletal muscle. Pointing to the essential role of irisin in metabolic regulation and energy expenditure we hypothesize that it plays an important role in cirrhosis development and progression. Aim: To assess irisin serum levels in patients with dACLD, with different cirrhosis stage and etiology. To analyze relationship between sarcopenia and irisin serum levels. Methods: Serum irisin concentrations were measured with commercially available ELISA kits in 88 cirrhotic patients. Recorded parameters of muscle mass were hand-grip strength (HGS), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAC), and transversal psoas muscle index (TPMI). Results: There was no difference in serum irisin levels between cirrhotic patients with different Child-Pugh (CTP) and model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, and those with and without ascites. The Liver Frailty Index (LFI) was significantly higher in patients with more advanced liver disease according to CTP and MELD. There was no association between serum irisin level with MAC (r = 0.04, p = 0.74) nor with TPMI (r = 0.20, p = 0.06). We observed significant negative correlation between serum irisin level and age (r = −0.35, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Serum irisin levels did not correlate with sarcopenia. There was no difference in serum irisin levels between cirrhotic patients with and without diabetes. There was no difference in serum irisin levels among patients with more severe dACLD, although we observed significant LFI increase among patients with more advanced liver disease.
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da Cunha de Sá-Caputo, Danúbia, Anelise Sonza, Ana Carolina Coelho-Oliveira, Juliana Pessanha-Freitas, Aline Silva Reis, Arlete Francisca-Santos, Elzi Martins dos Anjos, et al. "Evaluation of the Relationships between Simple Anthropometric Measures and Bioelectrical Impedance Assessment Variables with Multivariate Linear Regression Models to Estimate Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Adults: Preliminary Results." Biology 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10111209.
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Background: Overweight and obesity are conditions associated with sedentary lifestyle and accumulation of abdominal fat, determining increased mortality, favoring chronic diseases, and increasing cardiovascular risk. Although the evaluation of body composition and fat distribution are highly relevant, the high cost of the gold standard techniques limits their wide utilization. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore the relationships between simple anthropometric measures and BIA variables using multivariate linear regression models to estimate body composition and fat distribution in adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sixty-eight adult individuals (20 males and 48 females) were subjected to bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), anthropometric measurements (waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), mid-arm circumference (MAC)), allowing the calculation of conicity index (C-index), fat mass/fat-free mass (FM/FFM) ratios, body mass index (BMI) and body shape index (ABSI). Statistical analyzes were performed with the R program. Nonparametric Statistical tests were applied to compare the characteristics of participants of the groups (normal weight, overweight and obese). For qualitative variables, the Fisher’s exact test was applied, and for quantitative variables, the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. To evaluate the linear association between each pair of variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated, and Multivariate linear regression models were adjusted using the stepwise variable selection method, with Akaike Information Criterion (p ≤ 0.05). Results: BIA variables with the highest correlations with anthropometric measures were total body water (TBW), body fat percentage (BFP), FM, FFM and FM/FFM. The multiple linear regression analysis showed, in general, that the same variables can be estimated through simple anthropometric measures. Conclusions: The assessment of fat distribution in the body is desirable for the diagnosis and definition of obesity severity. However, the high cost of the instruments (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, hydrostatic weighing, air displacement plethysmography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance) to assess it, favors the use of BMI in the clinical practice. Nevertheless, BMI does not represent a real fat distribution and body fat percentage. This highlights the relevance of the findings of the current study, since simple anthropometric variables can be used to estimate important BIA variables that are related to fat distribution and body composition.
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Chanwikrai, Yupa, Jukkrit Wungrath, Sunard Techangam, Chanida Pachotikarn, and Shigeru Yamamoto. "Frequent Snacks Improved Energy Intake and Nutritional Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults at Risk of Malnutrition, Chiang Mai, Thailand." Journal of Education and Community Health 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.3.
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Background: Inadequate dietary intake and malnutrition are commonly found in older adults. They tend to have early satiety that limits intake from main meals. Some reports indicated that small frequent meals may promote higher intake. From that point of view, snacks may be useful. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of frequent snacks on energy intakes and nutritional status in older adults at risk of malnutrition. Methods: A randomized controlled study was conducted among older adults at risk of malnutrition in a suburban community from November 2020 to March 2021 in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Two villages were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=17) or an intervention group (n=17), and they were matched pairs by age and gender. An intervention snack consisted of 2 desserts and a box of milk (total 548 kcal) was used. For the first 3 weeks, an intervention snack was provided every day although it was too heavy for some participants. Therefore, after that, the intervention snack was provided every other day for 4 weeks. A nutrition survey by the 24-hour recall method for 3 days, body weight, mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold (TSF), and grip strength were assessed at weeks 3 and 7 as baseline. Results: Thirty-one participants completed the study (91%). The average age was 71.8±4.8 years, and body mass index (BMI) was 19.0±2.1 kg/m2 . In the intervention snack group, there was an increased daily energy intake by 316 kcal and 214 kcal at weeks 3 and 7, respectively, (P<0.001, effect size: 0.884), with a body weight of 0.8 kg (P<0.001, effect size: 0.314), BMI of 2% (P=0.009, effect size: 0.314), and MAC of 4% (P<0.001, effect size: 0.265) compared with baseline, but such energy intake was not observed in the control group. Conclusion: Providing frequent snacks was an effective way to improve energy intake and nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition.
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Bandiara, Ria, Lilik Sukesi, Astried Indrasari, Iceu Dimas Kulsum, and Mohammad Rudiansyah. "The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Latent Tuberculosis in Routine Hemodialysis." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, B (September 17, 2021): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6834.
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BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) interferes with the natural and adaptive immune response, consequently, increasing the latent tuberculosis (TB) reactivation. AIM: This study therefore aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and latent TB in routine HD, using interferon gamma release assays (IGRA), to screen for latent TB. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This study has an analytical observation cross-sectional design, and was conducted on 120 CKD-HD patients aged 18 years and above, and has been undergoing HD twice weekly for over 3 months, without malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, history of TB, or radiological evidence at the HD Unit of the Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, between March and May 2020, and not currently receiving immunosuppressant or TB therapy. In addition, the age, gender, history of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine, CKD etiology, length of HD, HD adequacy, TB contact history, number of family members, smoking status, body mass index, albumin, malnutrition inflammation score, triceps skinfold thickness (TST), biceps skinfold thickness, suprailiac skinfold thickness (SIST), mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), and normalized protein catabolic rate between positive and negative IGRA groups, of each patient, were determined. RESULTS: In this study, all the patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the IGRA test, 47 patients (39.17%) tested positive, and 68 (56.67%) tested negative, while the results for the remaining 5 (4.16%) were indeterminate. The malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) score with positive IGRA 23.3 (20.0–26.7) was discovered to differ insignificantly (p value of 0.252) from the negative counterpart 20.0 (16.7–28.4). Meanwhile, in the HD adequacy assessment based on urea reduction rate, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.042) occurred between the positive 70.45 (65.70–76.61) and negative 74.15 (70.71–77.33) IGRA groups. In the smoking status, the positive and negative IGRA were discovered to differ significantly (30 (63.8% vs. 28 (41.2% p = 0.017) OR 2.521 (1.172–5.425). However, in the history of contact with TB patients, the positive and negative IGRA did not differ significantly (4.3% vs. 11.8% p = 0.160). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in TST and MAC, between MIS >5 and MIS ≤5 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The assessment of nutritional status level, TST, MAC, smoking status, and adequate HD is crucial for CKD patients with routine HD, as these factors present risks of latent TB.
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Kapoor, Anju, Sukarn Awasthi, Ankit Yadav, and Shraddha Tiwari. "Assessment of Foetal Malnutrition Using CAN Score and its Comparison With Various Anthropometric Parameters and Proportionality Indices." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i3.35535.
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Introduction: Nutritional status at birth is assessed by using various anthropometric parameters and proportionality indices. Present study aims to assess the utility of CAN score in identifying fetal malnutrition (FM) which would have been missed by using anthropometry alone. We also aim at re-evaluating the cut-off value of CAN score for our population. Methods: Nutritional status of 411 neonates was assessed using anthropometric parameters, proportionality indices and CAN score. Effectiveness of each parameter in detecting FM was assessed and compared with CAN score cutoff < 25 as well as new found cut-off < 27 using appropriate statistical tools. Result: Mean (SD) of all anthropometric parameters were significantly less in FM group (p < 0.001). CAN score identified FM in 18.5% (76 / 411) babies whereas weight for GA identified 8.8% (36 / 411) babies as SGA and 91.2% as AGA (375 / 411); 12.3% (46 / 375) babies identified as AGA, were found to be malnourished by CAN score. Similar trend is seen with other parameters too. ROC curves show that AUC for birth weight, mid arm circumference, body mass index, Ponderal index, length and MAC / HC for determining FM was 0.891, 0.855, 0.837, 0.761, 0.749 and 0.714 in decreasing order. Birth weight with cut-off 2300 grams in a term newborn has maximum AUC making it the best marker for predicting FM. Present study identifies more FM by using modified CAN score cut off < 27 instead of < 25, 32.11% (132 / 411) and 18.5% (76 / 411) respectively. Conclusion: CAN score is a simple method to assess FM which does not require any sophisticated equipment or time-consuming calculations.
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Paillaud, Elena, Phuong-Nhi Bories, Jean-Claude Le Parco, and Bernard Campillo. "Nutritional status and energy expenditure in elderly patients with recent hip fracture during a 2-month follow-up." British Journal of Nutrition 83, no. 2 (February 2000): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500000131.
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A 2-month follow-up of nutritional status was performed in forty elderly patients with recent hip fracture. Patients were nutritionally assessed on admission to our rehabilitation unit (day 0), then monthly (day 30, day 60) by measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE), anthropometric, impedance and biological variables. Patients were defined as undernourished (n 13) or normally nourished (n 27) on the basis of mid-arm circumference (MAC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TST) measurements. Seven patients recovered a walking autonomy and were discharged from the hospital before day 30 (group I) whereas thirteen patients were discharged after day 30 (group II); twenty patients remained in the study at day 60 (group III). MAC and TST decreased in normally nourished patients from group III throughout the study whereas they did not change in group II or in undernourished patients from group III. REE values in relation to fat-free mass were increased compared with normal values and were similar in the three groups on day 0; they did not change during the study. Daily energy intake in relation to body weight was higher in group I and increased in group II and in undernourished patients from group III throughout the study. In contrast, it was below the recommended value at day 0 and it did not significantly improve in normally nourished patients from group III. Serum albumin, transthyretin and transferrin levels on day 0 were below reference intervals in the three groups. Albumin levels increased in group III throughout the study. Inflammatory proteins decreased in groups II and III, with C-reactive protein levels returning to normal values in group II by day 30 and in group III at day 60, while orosomucoid levels did not become completely normal over this period. Our findings indicate no improvement in nutritional status in undernourished patients after surgery for recent hip fracture, despite an adequate energy intake. An insufficient spontaneous energy intake for normally nourished patients was associated with a delayed favourable outcome resulting in a prolonged duration of hospitalization. A hypermetabolic state persisted during the 3 months after surgery.
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Mahmood, Tariq, P. Dwivedi, A. D. Shukla, A. K. Jain, and A. K. Verma. "An Observational Study of Follow Up of MDR Tuberculosis Patients after Successful Completion of Category 4 Treatment under RNTCP (PMDT) in Allahabad District." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 17, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v17i1.25019.
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Introduction: Drug-resistant TB is a persistent threat, with 490 000 million cases of multidrug-resistant TB emerging in 2016.The countries with the largest numbers of MDR/RR-TB cases were China, India and the Russian Federation. Given the prolonged nature of MDR-TB, one might expect higher rates of chronic disability among cured patients with MDR-TB. To explore these questions, we conducted an observational study focusing on: clinical, bacteriological, biochemical and various health parameter status of successfully treated MDR-TB patients.
Methods: Subjects enrolled in study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed by recording of demographic data and were subjected to a predetermined set of questions for determining the history of previous anti tubercular treatment and exposure to various type of risk factor for development of MDR TB. Physical parameters of health were determined and recorded.
Results: Total of 84 patients were enrolled in our study (57-males, 27 females).69 subjects (46-males, 23-Females) were found apparently healthy. 25 subjects migrated outside.6 patients (male-6, Female-2) died.7 patients were diagnosed as XDR-TB (5-Males,2-Females).34 subjects (18- males, 16-females) (44.73%) were very under weight. Total 13 (Males-12, Females-1) out of 76 subjects (17.10%) were under weight. Mid arm circumference (MAC) of 35 out of 76(21- males, 18-females) subjects (46.05%) was below 5th percentile. Majority of subjects showed moderate & severe obstruction in PEFR.
Conclusion: This study shows that the community based standardized treatment regimen is effective as only one of the patients was bacteriologically positive on follow up. However, significant numbers of treated MDR-TB patients suffer from clinical, nutritional and functional post-treatment adverse events leading to some morbidity.
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Akter, Mousumi, and Farzana Alam. "Food intake pattern and nutritional status of hemodialytic patients." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 4 (January 7, 2021): 746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i4.51242.
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The incidence of renal disease is increasing at an alarming rate in Bangladesh. Malnutrition is directly correlated with the prevalence with these diseases. A total of 120 dialysis patients from both sexes having mean age 45±13. 79 years undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled for the study in Khulna city, Bangladesh. Information regarding disease history and associated co morbidities were collected from patient’s files. The personal information, prevalent vices, exercise behavior, dietary modifications and clinical and health status of the patients were recorded by using pre-tested questionnaire. Etiology of the chronic renal disease, complications and biochemical parameters were documented from the case files. Renal failure was more prevalent among male than in female. Diabetes mellitus (31.67%) were the most common etiology for chronic renal failure. Pallor of eyes was the most prevailing sign and the most common symptoms are breathlessness (98%), oliguria (88%), anorexia (67%) and nausea (60%). Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements using body mass index (BMI), mid arm circumference (MAC) and waist hip ratio (WHR). According to BMI, 43% male are grouped in normal category whereas majority of females (52%) are underweight with no overweight female respondents. 80% male had low adequacy of energy whereas all the female patients had adequacy of energy, carbohydrate and protein on low level. Dietary data was obtained by using 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire. Actual intake of calories, protein, fats and minerals was lower than the recommended intake for hemodialysis patients. More than 50 percent of patient on hemodialysis were at risk of malnutrition. Around 32% respondents included fruits as per doctor’s advice whereas water and salted foods were restricted to three fourth of patients to protect kidney. Proper assessment of nutritional status, nutritional management and dietary modification can play a central role in preventing malnutrition of hemodialysis patients.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 746-753
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Ibrahim, Nisreen M., Nawar Sahib Khalil, and Ruqaya Subhi Tawfeeq. "Assessment of malnutrition among the internally - displaced old age people in the Tikrit City, Iraq." Journal of Ideas in Health 2, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol2.iss1.15.
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Background: With the steady increase in the number of old age people, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and the health expenditures, the importance of preventing malnutrition is becoming more critical than ever. This study aimed to assess malnutrition among the internally- displaced old age people in Iraq.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between November 2016 and March 2017 at the Dream city camp for the internally - displaced persons in Tikrit city, Iraq. Data was collected using the valid (Arabic) version of the mini - nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire. The internally displaced persons (IDPs) interviewed, and the nutritional status assessed via the MNA, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumferences (MAC) and calf circumferences (CC) measures.
Results: A total of 142 eligible old age persons, of which 40.2% were malnourished, and 35.2% were at risk of malnutrition. Among those with malnutrition, 40% were males, and 60% were females. Concerning comorbidity, 80% with positive malnutrition, had chronic diseases. DM reported a higher prevalence (46.5%) compared to other chronic diseases.
Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition was high among the old age people resident at the displacement camp in Iraq. Both the deteriorating security situation and the lack of proper services have combined to exacerbate the nutritional status of older persons in displacement camps.
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Tsai, Alan Chung-Hong, Ming-Chen Lai, and Tsui-Lan Chang. "Mid-arm and calf circumferences (MAC and CC) are better than body mass index (BMI) in predicting health status and mortality risk in institutionalized elderly Taiwanese." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 54, no. 3 (May 2012): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.05.015.
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Chowdhury, Md Moazzem Hossain, Sheikh Khairul Kabir, Muhammed Syedul Alam, AKM Humayon Kabir, Sujat Paul, Mohammad Kawser Uddin Shouaibe, and Md Shakeel Waez. "Nutritional Status and Short Term Outcome of Hospitalized Patients with Stroke." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 14, no. 2 (November 16, 2015): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i2.25720.
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Nutrition and stroke is an interrelated problem now-a-days. They influence the pattern and outcome of the stroke. The purpose of this study is to see the different nutritional parameters with their interrelation with stroke and in-hospital outcome of admitted stroke patients. It is a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study conducted on purposively selected (non-probability) hospitalized patients who had been admitted into the neurology wards, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka during a period of 6 months. Cases (n = 50) with CT scan of brain done were interviewed and examined and had measurements of height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) calculated along with serum albumin level. Out of 50 patients of this study 36 (72%) were males and 14 (28%) were females; Male to female ratio was 2.6:1. It was found that 26 (52%) patients were 60 years and above, 1 (2%) in the age group of 20-30 years, 3 (6%) in the age group of 30-39 years, 4 (8%) in the age group of 40-49 years and 16 (32%) were in the age group of 50-59 years The mean hip circumference of the study people was 95 cm. WHR was calculated for each patient, the result of which shows that 33 (66%) patients had abnormal WHR while 17 (34%) patients had been found to possess normal WHR. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for each patient, the result of which shows that 24 (48%) patients had abnormal BMI while 26 (52%) patients had been found to possess normal BMI. MUAC was calculated for each patient, the result of which shows that 22 (44%) patients had abnormal MUAC while 28 (56%) patients had been found to possess normal MUAC. Serum albumin level was measured for each patient, the result of which shows that 17 (34%) patients had low serum albumin (<3gm/l) while 33 (66%) patients had been found to possess normal serum albumin (>3gm/l). Regarding analysis of BMI and WHR with different types of stroke WHR was found significantly different regarding normal and abnormal records (p<0.05). Regarding BMI it was not significant (p>0.05). Among 50 patients with stroke 32 (64%) patients got either partial (44%) or clinical recovery (20%) from the disease, 12 (24%) patients showed no noticeable improvement and 6 (12%) patients expired. The results revealed that nutrition has some influence and association with stroke and in-hospital outcome of the stroke patient varies.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 61-64
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Dutta, Subha Sankar, Arunabha Tapadar, and Kana Bal. "RELEVANCE OF MID ARM CIRCUMFERENCE AS AN ANTHROPOMETRIC TOOL IN ADOLESCENTS." GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, August 15, 2020, 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/gjra/1601710.
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The mid arm circumference (MAC) is an anthropometric tool for measurement of nutritional adequacy and growth in the “under five’ paediatric age group. However in adolescent children it is important in rapid and mass surveys. The MAC was measured in 130 healthy school children (84 boys and 46 girls) of 12 – 14 years age of M.G.M’s Sanskar Vidyalaya, N-4 Cidco, Aurangabad using the girth of the arm at the midpoint between the acromial process of the scapula and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The study aims to measure the MAC in an adolescent population and compare them with data from previous studies in an attempt to formulate a “normal” range for comparison with similar studies. In the present study, the MAC for 12 year old children varies from 18.81- 20.7cm, for 13 year old children from 20.4- 20.82cm and 14 year old children from 21.12- 21.97cm.The present study gives us a range of ~ 19 – 22cm as the range of MAC in adolescent boys and girls. In spite of several studies on the MAC in adolescents, no consensus has been reached regarding the cut off points for determining under nutrition and overweight. Further studies are required to publish the normal cut off ranges of MAC for the adolescent population of our country.
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Duan, Baojun, Yan Zhang, Xi Wang, Yulian Zhang, Yinyin Hou, Jun Bai, Linhua Liu, et al. "Effect of Megestrol Acetate Combined With Oral Nutrition Supplement in Malnourished Lung Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study." Frontiers in Nutrition 8 (August 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.654194.
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Background: The optimal treatment of cancer-related malnutrition remains unknown. A single-center prospective cohort study was performed to compare the efficacy of megestrol acetate (MA) combined with oral nutrition supplement (ONS) and MA alone for the treatment of lung cancer-related malnutrition.Methods: 76 eligible patients were prospectively enrolled in two arms, Arm 1 patients (n = 40, 52.6%) received MA 160 mg/d, and Arm 2 patients (n = 36, 47.4%) received MA 160 mg/d combined with ONS 55.8 g/t.i.d, all orally. All patients received anticancer therapy. Treatment duration was 3 months. The primary endpoints were improvements in body mass index (BMI) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score. Secondary endpoints were assessed by appetite, mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), serum pre-albumin levels, and serum albumin levels.Results: Baseline levels were comparable between Arm 1 and Arm 2 patients. Compared with Arm 1, primary endpoints (BMI, P = 0.018; ECOG, P = 0.022) and secondary endpoints (MAC, P = 0.025; serum pre-albumin, P = 0.043; and serum albumin, P = 0.034) were improved significantly after treatment in Arm 2. While toxicity was negligible and comparable between Arm 1 and Arm 2.Conclusion: MA combined with ONS may be an effective and safe treatment option for lung cancer-related malnutrition patients.Clinical Trial Registration:www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier ChiCTR2100049007.
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Mahmoudinezhad, Mahsa, Mohammad Khalili, Nasim Rezaeemanesh, Mehdi Farhoudi, and Sharareh Eskandarieh. "Subjective global assessment of malnutrition and dysphagia effect on the clinical and Para-clinical outcomes in elderly ischemic stroke patients: a community-based study." BMC Neurology 21, no. 1 (November 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02501-4.
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Abstract Background Malnutrition as a result of insufficient intake or uptake of nutrition leads to increasing rate of chronic diseases such as stroke. Stroke is one of the most common causes of death in western countries and its increasing trend has attracted lots of attention. In this regard, it seems logical to focus on modifiable risk factors such as nutrition, in order to reduce the resulting complications. Accordingly, this study aimed at evaluating nutrition status of stroke patients to estimate its relationship with clinical outcomes of stroke. Methods In the present cross-sectional study, 349 patients were recruited. Nutrition assessment was performed using Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). In addition, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and biochemical tests were performed. Results Our findings elucidated a significant positive correlation of mRS with PG-SGA and consciousness score, as well as a negative correlation with BMI, calf circumference, mid-arm circumference, and triceps skinfold at admission time (P ≤ 0.002). Moreover, a direct correlation was found between mRS and PG-SGA and consciousness score at discharge time (P ≤ 0.001). In contrast, an inverse correlation was established between mRS and mid-arm circumference (P = 0.02). Furthermore, univariate analysis indicated significant associations between mRS ≥ 3 and age (OR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.00–1.04), PG-SGA (OR: 1.08; 95%CI: 1.03–1.13), NIHSS (OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02–1.07), dysphagia (OR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.03–2.77), consciousness (OR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.07–2.04), and mid-arm circumference (OR: 0.95; 95%CI: 0.90–1.00). In addition, these associations remained significant in multivariate analysis for PG-SGA (OR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.00–1.13) and NIHSS (OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.01–1.07). Conclusion This study revealed a positive correlation between mRS and consciousness status and PG-SGA score, as well as a negative one between mRS and MAC at discharge time.
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Patrikar, Apeksha, Swati Sharma, and Rekha Shrivastava. "ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS OF CARCINOMA BREAST RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, July 1, 2021, 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/9103756.
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Background: Wasting syndrome is very common in cancer due to metabolic and clinical factors and it affects half of the patients at the time of diagnosis. Early nutritional assessment can identify problems to help patients increase or maintain weight, improve their response to treatment, and reduce complications.This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Aprospective study was conducted among 30 subjects between 30 and 70 years of age diagnosed with carcinoma breast and scheduled for rst cycle of chemotherapy. Nutritional status of each subject was assessed based on nutritional parameters i.e. Anthropometric [BMI (body mass index), MAMC (mid-arm muscle circumference), TSF (triceps skinfold thickness)], MAC (mid-arm circumference) and Biochemical [(Hb and Albumin)] measurements before the initiation of chemotherapy, and follow-up assessment was performed on the third week after the rst cycle of chemotherapy. Results: In this study it has been found that 90% of subjects suffered from weight loss after the rst cycle of chemotherapy (3wks post treatment). The't' test showed a signicant decrease in TSF [t=5.1(p<0.01)] and MAC [t=7.02 (p<0.01)] before and after 3 weeks of chemotherapy. The't' test showed a decrease in MAMC, t=5.78(p<0.01) before and after 3 weeks of chemotherapy. The mean serum Albumin level of the patients before and after 3weeks of chemotherapy was 3.27±.20 g/dl and 2.87±.62 g/dl respectively. A signicant decrease in albumin [t=3.97 at p<0.01 level] was observed in patients after chemotherapy. The mean haemoglobin level of the patients before and after 3weeks of chemotherapy was10.64±1.88 g/dl and10.41 ± 1.89 g/dl respectively, which showed a signicant decrease [(t=12.92 at p<0.01 level)]. Conclusion: The nutritional status assessment must be carried out on each patient at the beginning and during the treatment. The cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy are at risk of malnutrition.
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Cattermole, Giles N., and Appolinaire Manirafasha. "Accuracy of weight estimation methods in adults, adolescents and children: a prospective study." Emergency Medicine Journal, September 17, 2020, emermed-2020-209581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-209581.
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IntroductionWeight estimation of both adult and paediatric patients is often necessary in emergency or low-resource settings when it is not possible to weigh the patient. There are many methods for paediatric weight estimation, but no standard methods for adults. PAWPER and Mercy tapes are used in children, but have not been assessed in adults. The primary aim of this study was to assess weight estimation methods in patients of all ages.MethodsPatients were prospectively recruited from emergency and outpatient departments in Kigali, Rwanda. Participants (or guardians) were asked to estimate weight. Investigators collected weight, height, mid-arm circumference (MAC) and humeral-length data. In all participants, estimates of weight were calculated from height and MAC (PAWPER methods), MAC and humeral length (Mercy method). In children, Broselow measurements and age-based formulae were also used. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of estimates within 20% of actual weight (p20).ResultsWe recruited 947 participants: 307 children, 309 adolescents and 331 adults. For p20, the best methods were: in children, guardian estimate (90.2%) and PAWPER XL-MAC (89.3%); in adolescents, PAWPER XL-MAC (91.3%) and guardian estimate (90.9%); in adults, participant estimate (98.5%) and PAWPER XL-MAC (83.7%). In all age groups, there was a trend of decreasing weight estimation with increasing actual weight.ConclusionThis prospective study of weight estimation methods across all age groups is the first adult study of PAWPER and Mercy methods. In children, age-based rules performed poorly. In patients of all ages, the PAWPER XL-MAC and guardian/participant estimates of weight were the most reliable and we would recommend their use in this setting.