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Journal articles on the topic 'Mid Point'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Bhokal, Ravi Parkash. "Fixed Point Results Using Implicit Mid Point Rule Iterative Process." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, no. 9 (2023): 1632–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.4.923.92449.

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2

Day, Graham, and Merylyn Hedger. "Mid Wales: Missing the Point." Urban Studies 27, no. 2 (1990): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989020080231.

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3

Prakash, S. Om. "IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY USING MID POINT TRANSFORMATION TECHNIQUE." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31632.

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The project titled "Image Steganography using Mid-Point Transformation Technique" aims to explore and implement a novel approach to concealing information within digital images while preserving their visual integrity. Steganography is an age-old technique for covert communication, and this project leverages the mid-point transformation method to embed data seamlessly into images. The mid-point transformation technique involves the subtle alteration of pixel values based on the midpoint of neighboring pixels. This process ensures that the changes made to the image are imperceptible to the human eye, allowing for effective data hiding without compromising the overall visual quality. The project will focus on the development of an algorithm to encode and decode hidden information within images using the mid-point transformation technique. Implementation will be carried out using a programming language suitable for image processing, and the project aims to provide a user-friendly interface for ease of use. Key objectives include understanding the theoretical foundations of steganography, implementing the mid-point transformation algorithm, evaluating the effectiveness of the technique in terms of data capacity and visual impact, and comparing the results with existing steganographic methods. Key Words: Image Steganography, Mid Point Transformation, Steganography Techniques, Digital Image Security, Data Hiding, Information Security.

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Saand, Mir Sarfraz Khalil, Shakeel Rind, Zuabir Ahmed, Abdul Wasim, and Owais Ali. "Improved Mid-Point Derivative based Closed Newton-Cotes Quadrature Rule." VFAST Transactions on Mathematics 10, no. 2 (2022): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21015/vtm.v10i2.1344.

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The main motivation for this work lies in the construction of new and efficient methods to improve the efficiency index of ‘Mid-Point Derivative Based Closed Newton-Cotes Quadrature Rules’. Proposed methods use the derivative values at the mid-points in each strip of integrations such as Mid-Point Derivative Based Closed Trapezoidal, Simpson One Third, Simpson Three eight and Bool’s Rule. The degree of precision and order of accuracy of proposed methods are higher than all the existing methods. Furthermore, error terms of the proposed methods are calculated by using the concept of precision. An extensive comparison of the proposed formulas, classical and mid-point quadrature rules for the number of function evaluation, error terms, coefficient of error terms and results obtained from some different problems are given. The comparisons illustrate that the new proposed Closed Newton-Cotes Rules are much superior to Classical Rules and Zhao and Li’s ‘Mid-Point Derivative Based Closed Newton-Cotes Quadrature’ schemes.

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5

M, Abu-Shady. "Mid-point technique for calculating divergent integrals." Annals of Mathematics and Physics 2, no. 1 (2019): 007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/amp.000005.

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6

Neel, James V. "At mid-point in the molecular revolution." BioEssays 18, no. 12 (1996): 943–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950181203.

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7

Smith, R. N., A. H. Brook, and M. Karmo. "The Relationship Between the Mid-Point and Most-Prominent Point on the Labial Curve of Upper Anterior Teeth." Open Dentistry Journal 3, no. 1 (2009): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210600903010167.

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Objectives: This study investigates coincidence of the most-prominent point and the mid-point on upper anterior teeth in relation to the use of straight-wire appliances. Materials and Methods: Alginate impressions of the upper jaw were obtained from forty Caucasian patients. Impressions were cast using hard dental stone. The teeth on each upper study model (canine to canine) were marked along the facial axis of the clinical crown (FACC line) then separated using a very thin diamond disc. Each tooth was mounted on a glass slide using sticky wax and cut into two halves down this FACC line. Images were acquired of the sections and a straight line connecting the gingival margin and the incisal edge was drawn on the flat cut surfaces (now the proximal crosssectional view). From this line, perpendicular lines were drawn at the mid-point and most prominent point to the labial curve. Coincidence rate was calculated or whether the most prominent point was gingival or incisal to the mid-point. Results: Approximately 80% of upper central incisors had coincident mid- and most-prominent points. Upper lateral incisors and canine teeth had approximately 50% coincidence. The vast majority of cases without coincidence showed the most-prominent point incisal to the mid-point for all tooth kinds with just 5% or less gingival. Conclusions: The high proportions of non-coincident examples found suggest that clinicians should be aware of individual variation and that this may possibly effect 3rd order alignment.

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8

Wang, Xiuhua, Kun Yang, Yongzhi Min, and Yongliang Wang. "Localization Method and Finite Element Modelling of the Mid-Point Anchor of High-Speed Railway Distributed in Long Straight Line with Large Slope." Energies 15, no. 16 (2022): 5957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165957.

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In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of a high-speed railway, the precise positioning of the mid-point anchor in the catenary is very important. In view of the two problems in the calculation of the mid-point anchor position of the catenary in a long ramp section, the calculation accuracy is low, and the calculation of the central anchor clamp position is lacking. In this study, the predetermined location of the mid-point anchor is chosen based on the mid-point anchor location principle and the line condition, and the range of the allowable error of the mid-point anchor setting is determined according to the predetermined position of the mid-point anchor. Secondly, by considering the impact of the line ramp and using the measured span length, the tension difference of the clue in the direction of the line is calculated. Then, the theoretical location of the mid-point anchor clamp is determined using the downhill component and the tension difference. Finally, the theoretical position of the clamp is corrected according to the setting of the dropper to obtain the corrected position of the clamp. An FEM (finite element method) of the catenary is established in ANSYS software to calculate the height difference between the messenger cable and the contact wire at the point of the mid-point anchor setting, and then the length of the mid-point anchor rope is obtained. Through the calculation of actual case data, the maximum value of the relative error of the location of the mid-point anchor obtained by this proposed method is very small compared with the actual position, which verifies the effectiveness of this method.

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9

Lyu, Mingzhe, Chenxi Man, and Tinglian Zhou. "Mid-point potential balancing in three-level inverters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2479, no. 1 (2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2479/1/012023.

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Abstract Three-level inverters are among the best options for high voltage and high-power applications because of their high capacity, high rated voltage, low harmonic content of the output current, and minimal switching losses. However, the issue with mid-point voltage balancing is an inherent drawback of three-level inverters. The unbalanced mid-point voltage of a three-level inverter leads to low harmonics in the output voltage, causing voltage distortion and seriously reducing the power quality. The unbalanced mid-point voltage also puts more voltage strain on the DC bus side and power switching tubes. As a result, this paper analyzes the remedies for NPC-type three-level inverters’ fluctuating neutral potential and offers hardware and software solutions to regulate the potential neutral balance. It outlines the two primary mid-point potential control strategies depending on the SVPWM and SPWM strategies, provides a detailed study of the software approach, and briefly examines the DMWPWM strategy’s best solution. There are several potential applications for the mid-point potential balancing control method. It may significantly enhance the power quality of rectifiers and inverters and has considerable advantages for real-world uses like solar and wind energy production.

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10

Pamuk, G., A. E. Pamuk, A. Akgöz, E. Öztürk, M. D. Bajin, and L. Sennaroğlu. "A study on modelling cochlear duct mid-scalar length based on high-resolution computed tomography, and its effect on peri-modiolar and mid-scalar implant selection." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 133, no. 09 (2019): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215119001671.

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AbstractObjectiveTo determine cochlear duct mid-scalar length in normal cochleae and its role in selecting the correct peri-modiolar and mid-scalar implant length.MethodsThe study included 40 patients with chronic otitis media who underwent high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. The length and height of the basal turn, mid-modiolar height of the cochlea, mid-scalar and lateral wall length of the cochlear duct, and the ‘X’ line (the largest distance from mid-point of the round window to the mid-scalar point of the cochlear canal) were measured.ResultsCochlear duct lateral wall length (28.88 mm) was higher than cochlear duct mid-scalar length (20.08 mm) (p &lt; 0.001). The simple linear regression equation for estimating complete cochlear duct length was: cochlear duct length = 0.2 + 2.85 × X line.ConclusionUsing the mid-scalar point as the reference point (rather than the lateral wall) for measuring cochlear duct mid-scalar length, when deciding on the length of mid-scalar or peri-modiolar electrode, increases measurement accuracy. Mean cochlear duct mid-scalar length was compatible with peri-modiolar and mid-scalar implant lengths. The measurement method described herein may be useful for pre-operative peri-modiolar or mid-scalar implant selection.

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11

Cittanti, Davide, Matteo Gregorio, Eugenio Bossotto, Fabio Mandrile, and Radu Bojoi. "Three-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers under Non-Unity Power Factor Operation and Unbalanced Split DC-Link Loading: Analytical and Experimental Assessment." Energies 14, no. 17 (2021): 5280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175280.

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Three-phase three-level unidirectional rectifiers are among the most adopted topologies for general active rectification, achieving an excellent compromise between cost, complexity and overall performance. The unidirectional nature of these rectifiers negatively affects their operation, e.g., distorting the input currents around the zero-crossings, limiting the maximum converter-side displacement power factor, reducing the split DC-link mid-point current capability and limiting the converter ability to compensate the low-frequency DC-link mid-point voltage oscillation. In particular, the rectifier operation under non-unity power factor and/or under constant zero-sequence voltage injection (i.e., when unbalanced split DC-link loading occurs) typically yields large and uncontrolled input current distortion, effectively limiting the acceptable operating region of the converter. Although high bandwidth current control loops and enhanced phase current sampling strategies may improve the rectifier input current distortion, especially at light load, these approaches lose effectiveness when significant phase-shift between voltage and current is required and/or a constant zero-sequence voltage must be injected. Therefore, this paper proposes a complete analysis and performance assessment of three-level unidirectional rectifiers under non-unity power factor operation and unbalanced split DC-link loading. First, the theoretical operating limits of the converter in terms of zero-sequence voltage, modulation index, power factor angle, maximum DC-link mid-point current and minimum DC-link mid-point charge ripple are derived. Leveraging the derived zero-sequence voltage limits, a unified carrier-based pulse-width modulation (PWM) approach enabling the undistorted operation of the rectifier in all feasible operating conditions is thus proposed. Moreover, novel analytical expressions defining the maximum rectifier mid-point current capability and the minimum peak-to-peak DC-link mid-point charge ripple as functions of both modulation index and power factor angle are derived, the latter enabling a straightforward sizing of the split DC-link capacitors. The theoretical analysis is verified on a 30 kW, 20 kHz T-type rectifier prototype, designed for electric vehicle ultra-fast battery charging. The input phase current distortion, the maximum mid-point current capability and the minimum mid-point charge ripple are experimentally assessed across all rectifier operating points, showing excellent performance and accurate agreement with the analytical predictions.

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12

Ahn, Jonghee, Inhyeok Kang, Seyeong Seo, Taewoo Kim, Yusung Heo, and Yonghak Ahn. "Development of User-dependent Mid-point Navigation System." Jouranl of Information and Security 19, no. 2 (2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33778/kcsa.2019.19.2.073.

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13

Park, Yunhui, and Sukjoon Pyun. "Source wavelet estimation using common mid-point gathers." Geosystem Engineering 18, no. 4 (2015): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2015.1046562.

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14

Jang, Deok-Hyun. "Is the Mid-point of a Likert-type Scale Necessary?: Comparison between the Scales with or without the Mid-point." Survey Research 18, no. 4 (2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20997/sr.18.4.1.

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15

Masuda, Hiroshi, Ryo Matsuoka, and Yuji Abe. "Detection of Surfaces and Edges in Large Point-Clouds Using Region-Growing on Spherical Space." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.333.

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Engineering facilities can be digitized as large-scale point-clouds by using the state-of-art mid-range laser scanners. For utilizing captured data in CAD systems, it is important to convert point-clouds to parametric surfaces. In this paper, we describe a method for robustly extract cylindrical faces and planar faces. Edges and silhouette lines have to be generated to construct bounded faces, but unfortunately points on silhouettes are very noisy in the case of mid-range laser scanners. Our method applies region-growing method on spherical space and improves the robustness. In addition, we enhance the region-growing so that surface regions can be propagated to disconnect points using multiple overlapping point-clouds.

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16

Shin, Y., G. Kim, and G. Lee. "Regularizing RMC images for locating mid-range point sources." Journal of Instrumentation 11, no. 12 (2016): C12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/12/c12007.

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17

Yamamura, Issei, Takashi Onaka, Toshihiko Tanabé, Thomas L. Roellig, and Lunming Yuen. "Mid-Infrared Spectral Observations of Point Sources by IRTS." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 48, no. 5 (1996): L65—L69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/48.5.l65.

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18

Ooi, B. T., M. Kazerani, R. Marceau, et al. "Mid-point siting of FACTS devices in transmission lines." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 12, no. 4 (1997): 1717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.634196.

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19

Hassall, Mandy. "February diary: Survey published on NSF mid-point review." British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 6, no. 2 (2010): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2010.6.2.99a.

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20

Abdul-Karim Mohammed, Abdul-Halim, Hadi G. Attiya, and Hayder Abdul Khaliq Khudair. "The Relationships between the Physical and Chemical Properties of Narrow Fractions Distilled From Mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad Crude Oils." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 9, no. 2 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2008.2.1.

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Mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad crude oils were distilled into narrow fractions. The range of these narrow fractions were 10oC, starting from IBP to 350oC. The total distillates from mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad crude oils were 58.25 vol % and 44.65 vol %, respectively.The hydrocarbons compositions (paraffin, naphthene, aromatic) in light fractions starting from IBP to 250oC were determined by using PONA analysis method. The results show that the paraffin content decreases with increasing mid percent boiling point of the fraction, while the naphthene, and aromatic increase with the increase of mid percent boiling point of mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad crude oils. Three groups of empirical equations were developed for the prediction of hydrocarbons compositions (paraffin, naphthene, aromatic) based on physical properties (mid percent boiling point, specific gravity, and refractive index) of narrow fractions distilled from mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad crude oils. The first group relates the mid percent boiling point with the specific gravity, the second group relates the mid percent boiling point with the refractive index, while the third group relates the specific gravity with the refractive index.

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21

N.Sumathi. "Performance Analysis of Select Textile Mills in Coimbatore District." Journal of Information Sciences and Computing Technologies 2, no. 1 (2015): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3972742.

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The textile industry occupies a vital place in Indian economy and contributes substantially to its exports earnings. Textiles exports represent nearly 30% of the country's total exports. It has a high weightage of over 20% in the national production. It provides direct employment to over 15 million persons in the mill, powerloom and handloom sectors. India is the world’s second largest producer of textiles after China. It is the world’s third largest producer of cotton—after China and the USA—and the second largest cotton consumer after China. The textile industry in India is one of the oldest manufacturing sectors in the country and is currently its largest. The textile industry fulfils a pivotal role in the Indian economy.

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Inglis, Erin Calaine, Danilo Iannetta, Daniel A. Keir, and Juan M. Murias. "Training-Induced Changes in the Respiratory Compensation Point, Deoxyhemoglobin Break Point, and Maximal Lactate Steady State: Evidence of Equivalence." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 1 (2020): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0046.

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Purpose: To evaluate whether the coherence in the oxygen uptake () associated with the respiratory compensation point (RCP), near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) break point ([HHb]BP), and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) would persist at the midpoint and endpoint of a 7-month training and racing season. Methods: Eight amateur male cyclists were tested in 3 separate phases over the course of a cycling season (PRE, MID, and POST). Testing at each phase included a ramp-incremental test to exhaustion to determine RCP and [HHb]BP. The PRE and POST phases also included constant power output rides to determine MLSS. Results: Compared with PRE, at both RCP and [HHb]BP was greater at MID (delta: RCP 0.23 [0.14] L·min−1, [HHb]BP 0.33 [0.17] L·min−1) and POST (delta: RCP 0.21 [0.12], [HHb]BP 0.30 [0.14] L·min−1) (P < .05). at MLSS also increased from PRE to POST (delta: 0.17 [12] L·min−1) (P < .05). was not different at RCP, [HHb]BP, and MLSS at PRE (3.74 [0.34], 3.64 [0.40], 3.78 [0.23] L·min−1) or POST (3.96 [0.25], 3.95 [0.32], 3.94 [0.18] L·min−1) respectively, and RCP (3.98 [0.33] L·min−1) and [HHb]BP (3.97 [0.34] L·min−1) were not different at MID (P > .05). PRE–MID and PRE–POST changes in associated with RCP, [HHb]BP, and MLSS were strongly correlated (range: r = .85–.90) and demonstrated low mean bias (range = −.09 to .12 L·min−1). Conclusions: At all measured time points, at RCP, [HHb]BP, and MLSS were not different. Irrespective of phase comparison, direction, or magnitude of changes, intraindividual changes between each index were strongly related, indicating that interindividual differences were reflected in the group mean response and that their interrelationships are beyond coincidental.

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Wu, Yu-Chi, Meng-Jen Chen, Sih-Hao Huang, Ming-Tsung Tsai, and Chia-Huang Li. "Maximum power point tracking on stand-alone solar power system: Three-point-weighting method incorporating mid-point tracking." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 52 (November 2013): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.03.008.

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24

Shaw, Tiffany A. "Mechanisms of Future Predicted Changes in the Zonal Mean Mid-Latitude Circulation." Current Climate Change Reports 5, no. 4 (2019): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40641-019-00145-8.

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AbstractState-of-the-art climate models predict the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation will undergo a poleward shift and seasonally and hemispherically dependent intensity changes in the future. Here I review the mechanisms put forward to explain the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation response to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. The mechanisms are grouped according to their thermodynamic starting point, which are thought to arise from processes independent of the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation response. There are 24 mechanisms and 8 thermodynamic starting points: (i) increased latent heat release aloft in the tropics, (ii) increased dry static stability and tropopause height outside the tropics, (iii) radiative cooling of the stratosphere, (iv) Hadley cell expansion, (v) increased specific humidity following the Clausius-Clapeyron relation, (vi) cloud radiative effect changes, (vii) turbulent surface heat flux changes, and (viii) decreased surface meridional temperature gradient. I argue progress can be made by testing the thermodynamic starting points. I review recent tests of the increased latent heat release aloft in the tropics starting point, i.e., prescribing diabatic perturbations, quantifying the transient response to an abrupt CO2 increase and imposing latitudinally dependent CO2 concentration. Finally, I provide a future outlook for improving our understanding of predicted changes in the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation.

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25

Eagle, C. C. P. "The Relationship between a Person's Height and Appropriate Endotracheal Tube Length." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 20, no. 2 (1992): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9202000206.

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The relationship between a person's height and the dimensions of that person's upper airways has been studied in adult subjects. Using this relationship, formulae have been derived which predict appropriate lengths for endotracheal tubes. The formulae are as follows: 1. Orotracheal tube (teeth to mid-point of trachea) [Formula: see text] 2. Orotracheal tube (teeth to mid-point of trachea + 3 cm) [Formula: see text] 3. Nasotracheal tube (external naris to mid-point of trachea) [Formula: see text] These formulae are not foolproof but provide a useful working guide. All usual comfirmatory tests of correct placement should be employed.

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Hulsegge, B., G. S. M. Merkus, and P. Walstra. "Prediction of lean meat proportion based on ultrasonic backfat thickness measurements of live pigs." Animal Science 71, no. 2 (2000): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800055089.

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AbstractIn The Netherlands a system has been developed for classification of live pigs based on lean meat proportion. Ultrasonic backfat thickness measurements were taken on 377 live pigs to assess the ability of the developed system for estimation of the lean meat proportion. The measurements were made at the sites mid point (half the distance from the occipital bone to the base of the tail), mid point –2·5 cm and mid point +2·5 cm, 5 cm off the dorsal mid line.On the same day, these pigs were slaughtered and the lean meat proportions of the carcasses were estimated using the Hennessy Grading Probe (HGP). HGP measurements were taken between the third and fourth from last rib, 6 cm off the dorsal mid line on carcasses (3/4 LR). The day after slaughter, 88 left carcass sides were randomly chosen to be dissected according to a simplified European Union (EU) reference method.From the fat thicknesses measured, the one at the site mid point on live pigs was the most accurate predictor for the EU lean meat proportion. The use of multiple site measurements, compared with a single site measurement, significantly reduced the residual standard deviation for the estimation of lean meat proportion.The site mid point on live pigs differed in longitudinal as well as in dorsal-ventral direction from 3/4 LR on carcasses.The results of this study suggest that multiple backfat thickness measurements on live pigs can be used for prediction of lean meat proportion with sufficient precision for practical use. Therefore, the developed system can serve as a classification system for live pigs.

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Wah, John S., Daniel P. Wagner, and Darrin L. Lowery. "Loess in the mid-Atlantic region, USA." Quaternary Research 89, no. 3 (2018): 786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.113.

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AbstractLoess is common in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States south of the Late Wisconsinan glacial border particularly along rivers draining the glaciated areas of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. The broadest deposits occur on the flat landscapes of the Delmarva Peninsula in Maryland where two episodes of deposition have been identified. The earlier Miles Point Loess has a limited distribution and is buried by the more widespread Paw Paw Loess. OSL and 14C dates place deposition of the Miles Point Loess during MIS 3. The well developed paleosol formed in the Miles Point Loess acts as a stratigraphic marker. The Paw Paw Loess buries Clovis age cultural materials which date deposition to the end of the Pleistocene. Loess deposits and paleosols are critical in understanding regional landscape evolution, Late Pleistocene environments, and early North American cultural history. Mapping the extent of loess in the Mid-Atlantic using the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s gSSURGO database overrepresents loess in some areas and underrepresents in others.

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Ujevič, Nenad. "Generalization of the Corrected Mid-point Rule and Error Bounds." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 5, no. 1 (2005): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cmam-2005-0005.

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NAM, JAEWOOK, and MARCIO S. CARVALHO. "Mid-gap invasion in two-layer slot coating." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 631 (July 17, 2009): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009007022.

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Multi-layer, continuous liquid coating is the most efficient way to manufacture films that require more than one layer for optimal performance. Dual-layer slot coating is one of different coating methods largely used to deposit two thin, uniform liquid layers on to a moving substrate. The two liquid phases are separated by an inter-layer that starts at the separation point (or line, in three dimensions) attached to the die surface. The stability of the two-phase flow and the location of the separation point are directly related to the quality of the final product. Ideally, the separation point should be attached to the downstream corner of the mid die piece of a dual slot-coating die. However, its location may change as operating conditions vary, leading to undesired flow states, with microvortices and periodic oscillation. The movement of the separation point from its desired location along the die surface is usually referred to as mid-gap invasion and can be associated with the onset of coating defects. It is crucial to determine the set of flow conditions at which it occurs. We study the evolution of the separation-point location and the inter-layer configuration as a function of operating conditions by flow visualization and by solving the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation for free-surface flows. The results reveal two different mechanisms for mid-gap invasion, depending on the viscosity ratio of the two liquid layers. They also show that the most critical parameter responsible for the onset of mid-gap invasion is the bottom-layer wet thickness (flow rate). Although the movement of the separation point involves an evolution of complex flow states, a simple but accurate criterion based on rectilinear flow approximation is proposed.

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최승태. "Christology as the Mid-Point of Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion." Korean Jounal of Systematic Theology ll, no. 19 (2007): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21650/ksst..19.200712.157.

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Andrae, Anders. "Alternate Mid-Point Terrestrial Acidification Characterization Factors Considering Acid Strength." International Journal of Green Technology 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30634/2414-2077.2019.05.01.

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32

Li, Fangda, Ankit Manerikar, and Avinash Kak. "RMPD — A Recursive Mid-Point Displacement Algorithm for Path Planning." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 28 (June 15, 2018): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v28i1.13921.

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Motivated by what is required for real-time path planning, the paper starts out by presenting RMPD, a new recursive ''local'' planner founded on the key notion that, unless made necessary by an obstacle, there must be no deviation from the shortest path between any two points, which would normally be a straight line path in the configuration space. Subsequently, we increase the power of RMPD by introducing the notion of cost-awareness into the algorithm to improve the path quality -- this is done by associating obstacle and smoothness costs with the currently selected path points and factoring those costs in choosing the best points for the next iteration. In this manner, the overall strategy in the cost-aware form of RMPD, cRMPD, combines the computational efficiency made possible by the recursive RMPD planner with the cost efficacy of a stochastic trajectory optimizer to rapidly produce high-quality local collision-free paths. Based on the test cases we have run, our experiments show that cRMPD can reduce planning time by up to two orders of magnitude as compared to RRT-Connect, while still maintaining a path length optimality equivalent to that of RRT*.

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33

Rashid, Abdur. "Mid-Point Euler Method in Pseudospectral Approximation for Burger’s Equation." Journal of Applied Sciences 2, no. 11 (2002): 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2002.1007.1010.

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Rao, Arni S. R. Srinivasa. "A MID-POINT THEOREM FOR THE ∪ TYPE SHAPE OF FUNCTIONS." Bulletin of informatics and cybernetics 45 (December 2013): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/1563530.

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WANG, Lei, and Lin-qiang CHEN. "Concentric circle detection based on chord midpoint Hough transform." Journal of Computer Applications 29, no. 7 (2009): 1937–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2009.01937.

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Khan, Rubab, K. Z. Stanek, C. S. Kochanek, and A. Z. Bonanos. "OBJECT X: THE BRIGHTEST MID-INFRARED POINT SOURCE IN M33." Astrophysical Journal 732, no. 1 (2011): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/732/1/43.

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Tang, Yi-Fa, Ai-Guo Xiao, and Jing-Bo Chen. "Is the formal energy of the mid-point rule convergent?" Computers & Mathematics with Applications 43, no. 8-9 (2002): 1171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0898-1221(02)80021-9.

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Kowash, B. R., D. K. Wehe, and J. A. Fessler. "A rotating modulation imager for locating mid-range point sources." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 602, no. 2 (2009): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.233.

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Evans, D. J. "A stable nonlinear mid-point formula for solving O.D.E.'s." Applied Mathematics Letters 1, no. 2 (1988): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-9659(88)90065-1.

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Magazinović, G. "Two-point mid-range approximation enhanced recursive quadratic programming method." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 29, no. 5 (2005): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-004-0500-2.

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41

Narayanan, M., and A. Venkataraju. "Mid-point transverse process to pleura block: clarity or confusion?" Anaesthesia 74, no. 3 (2019): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.14593.

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DEVONIS, DAVID C. "TIMOTHY LEARY'S MID-CAREER SHIFT: CLEAN BREAK OR INFLECTION POINT?" Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 48, no. 1 (2012): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.21518.

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Costache, I. "Mid‐point transverse process to pleura block for surgical anaesthesia." Anaesthesia Reports 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anr3.12003.

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Krieger, Kevin, Clay Girdner, Andy Fodor, and David Kirch. "THE POWER OF WAGERING ON POWER CONFERENCES." Journal of Prediction Markets 7, no. 1 (2013): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v7i1.598.

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We study the perceived discrepancy between power conference and mid-major college football teams by examining outcomes of games when these teams face one another. We find that point spreads are set statistically irrationally in games where power conference teams play mid-major teams. We examine all regular season games from the 2002-2011 seasons and find power conference teams cover the spread in a majority of games when facing a mid-major team to an extent that results in profitability over a ten-year period. We find that consistently betting power conference teams will cover point spreads when facing mid-major teams’ results in a return of roughly 2.94% over these seasons. Taking into account Associated Press rankings, the size of point spreads, and the week of the season when games are played, results in even greater profits.

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45

Celeste, Roger Keller, and João Luiz Bastos. "Mid-point for open-ended income category and the effect of equivalence scales on the income-health relationship." Revista de Saúde Pública 47, suppl 3 (2013): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047004388.

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To estimate the mid-point of an open-ended income category and to assess the impact of two equivalence scales on income-health associations. Data were obtained from the 2010 Brazilian Oral Health Survey ( Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal – SBBrasil 2010). Income was converted from categorical to two continuous variables ( per capita and equivalized) for each mid-point. The median mid-point was R$ 14,523.50 and the mean, R$ 24,507.10. When per capita income was applied, 53% of the population were below the poverty line, compared with 15% with equivalized income. The magnitude of income-health associations was similar for continuous income, but categorized equivalized income tended to decrease the strength of association.

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Lim, Seung-Taek, Ki-Yeon Lee, Dong-Ju Chae, and Sung-Hun Lim. "Design of Mid-Point Ground with Resistors and Capacitors in Mono-Polar LVDC System." Energies 15, no. 22 (2022): 8653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228653.

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Low-voltage direct current (LVDC) systems have been increasingly studied as new efficient power systems. However, existing studies have primarily focused on power conversion designs, control, and operation, and research on ground configurations of LVDC systemsis insufficient. Consideration of the installation criteria of protective equipment and grounding systems is crucial because ground configurations in general households for end users are highly associated with the risk of human electrocution. Therefore, we investigate a mid-point grounding system using capacitors to ensure electrical safety in a mono-polar LVDC system that a general end user can directly experience in a household. MATLAB/Simulink is used to analyze the fault characteristics of the mid-point grounding system using capacitors by considering the effects of DC on the human body based on the International Electrical Code (IEC). Consequently, this paper suggests the minimum required values of the capacitors and resistors to operate the DC residual current detector (DC RCD), and the operation of the DC RCD was confirmed. By confirming the applicability of DC RCD in a household LVDC system with a mid-point grounding system using capacitors and resistors, unnecessary power loss in a mid-point grounding system and electrical accidents, such as electric shocks and fires, could be minimized.

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Hofmann, Peter, Alexander Mueller, Othmar Moser, et al. "Mid-point Between Lactate Turn Points Exercise Intensity Prescription Compared to Standard Models in Untrained Females." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000496037.28838.b7.

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Lu, Ning, Carine M. Vier, Steve Dritz, et al. "6 Effects of Plans on Growth Performance and Behaviors of 32- to 128-kg Grow-Finish Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (2022): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.005.

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Abstract A total of 1,900 pigs (PIC337×Camborough, initially 32.0 ± 0.52kg) were used to determine the effects of different nutrition plans on growth performance and behaviors of 32- to 128-kg grow-finish pigs. Pens of pigs were weighed, blocked by body weight, and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments that consisted: TRT1) Single-phase program (30-135kg), standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine:NE ratio at 107% of PIC recommendation at the mid-point of the weight range (referred as “PIC mid-point recommendation”); TRT2) Single-phase program (30-135kg), SID lysine:NE ratio at 125% of PIC mid-point recommendation; TRT3) Two-phase program (30-75 and 75-135kg), SID lysine:NE ratio at 96% and 106% of PIC mid-point recommendation, respectively; TRT4) Two-phase program (30-75 and 75-135kg), SID lysine:NE ratios at 101% of PIC mid-point recommendation in both phases; TRT5) Four-phase program (30-50, 50-75, 75-100, and 100-135kg), SID lysine:NE ratios at 100% of PIC mid-point recommendation in each phase. Dietary amino acids to lysine ratios were below PIC recommendations in TRT1 and TRT3, and met or were above PIC recommendations in TRT2, TRT4, and TRT5. Pigs and feeders were weighed, and ear and tail lesion were scored and recorded every 2 to 3 weeks. From 32- to 81-kg, pigs fed TRT1 diet had reduced average daily gain (ADG, P &lt; 0.05) and gain to feed ratio (G:F, P &lt; 0.05) compared with all other groups (Table 1). Overall, pigs fed TRT2 diet had the greatest ADG, G:F, and lean percentage (P &lt; 0.05). Pig fed TRT1 diet had a greater overall incidence rate of ear and flank lesions compared with the ones in other treatments (P &lt; 0.05). In the current experiment, grow-finish pigs fed with a single-phase nutrition plan containing lower SID Lys levels and amino acid ratios compared with PIC recommendations had reduced performance during the grower phase and greater overall incidence rate of vices.

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Soleymani, F., S. Shateyi, and F. Khaksar Haghani. "A Numerical Method for Computing the Principal Square Root of a Matrix." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/525087.

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It is shown how the mid-point iterative method with cubical rate of convergence can be applied for finding the principal matrix square root. Using an identity between matrix sign function and matrix square root, we construct a variant of mid-point method which is asymptotically stable in the neighborhood of the solution. Finally, application of the presented approach is illustrated in solving a matrix differential equation.

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50

Zhang, Chenghao, Ling Ji, Zhihe Zhao, and Wen Liao. "Detailed Correlation between Central Incisor Movement and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Adults with Orthodontic Premolar Extraction Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort CBCT Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 22 (2022): 6872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226872.

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Background: This study aims to explore the detailed correlation between the movement of maxillary and mandibular central incisors and alveolar bone resorption in adults who had orthodontic premolar extraction treatment. Methods: A total of 63 adult patients (mean age, 24.41 years) who received orthodontic treatment with the extraction of four first premolars were included in this study. CBCT images were obtained before and after treatment. Three-dimensional evaluations of the movement of 252 central incisors (126 maxillary and 126 mandibular incisors) and alveolar bone changes were conducted. Four points were used to describe the incisor movement: C (cusp point), R (root apex point), M (mid-point of root neck), and L (labial cementoenamel junction point). The thickness of labial and palatal alveolar bone was assessed at the crestal, mid-root, and apical levels of incisors. The results were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation and multilinear regression. Results: Matching the measurements of central incisor movement and alveolar bone resorption, significant correlations could be observed. For maxillary central incisors, the labial alveolar bone resorption at the crestal level was correlated with the movement of Point L (r = 0.290, p < 0.05), and the labial alveolar bone resorption at the apical level was correlated with Point M (r = 0.387, p < 0.05). For mandibular central incisors, the labial alveolar bone resorption at the apical level was correlated with the movement of Point M (r = 0.493, p < 0.05) and R (r = 0.498, p < 0.01); the palatal alveolar bone resorption at the mid-root level with Point M (r = -0.170, p < 0.01); and the palatal alveolar bone resorption at the apical level with Point R (r = 0.177, p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study investigated the concrete correlations between central incisor movement and alveolar bone resorption in adults after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. It is potentially helpful for orthodontists to have a relatively accurate prediction of alveolar bone resorption based on the specific movements of central incisors and to reduce the risk of alveolar bone resorption by better adjusting the three-dimensional movement types of incisors.

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