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Journal articles on the topic 'Mid-troposphere Cyclones'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Esmaili, Rebekah, Christopher Barnet, Jason Dunion, Michael Folmer, and Jonathan Zawislak. "Evaluating Satellite Sounders for Monitoring the Tropical Cyclone Environment in Operational Forecasting." Remote Sensing 14, no. 13 (2022): 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133189.

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Tropical cyclones can form over open ocean where in situ observations are limited, so forecasters rely on satellite observations to monitor their development and track. We explore the utility of an operational satellite sounding product for tropical forecasting by characterizing the products retrieval skill during research flights. Scientists from both the NOAA-Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) research team and tropical cyclone communities collaborated to target relevant tropical cyclones during the campaign. This effort produced 130 dropsondes that are well-timed with sa

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2

Croad, Hannah L., John Methven, Ben Harvey, Sarah P. E. Keeley, and Ambrogio Volonté. "The role of boundary layer processes in summer-time Arctic cyclones." Weather and Climate Dynamics 4, no. 3 (2023): 617–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-617-2023.

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Abstract. Arctic cyclones are the most energetic weather systems in the Arctic, producing strong winds and precipitation that present major weather hazards. In summer, when the sea ice cover is reduced and more mobile, Arctic cyclones can have large impacts on ocean waves and sea ice. While the development of mid-latitude cyclones is known to be dependent on boundary layer (BL) turbulent fluxes, the dynamics of summer-time Arctic cyclones and their dependence on surface exchange processes have not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to characterise the BL processes acting in summer

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3

DAS, G. K., S. K. MIDYA, G. C. DEBNATH, and S. N. ROY. "The relationship between geopotential height and movement & landfall of tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal region." MAUSAM 63, no. 3 (2022): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v63i3.1214.

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In this paper a simple relationship is employed to investigate relative impacts on the movement and landfall of tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal region when geopotential height of different troposphere levels is used as an input. Five tropical cyclone during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season over the Bay of Bengal region has been selected for the study. The RS/RW data of coastal stations namely Kolkata (Dumdum), Dhaka, Agartala, Bhubaneswar, Visakhapatnam, Machlipatnam, Chennai and Karaikal has been collected for the period of the cyclones under study. The geopotential height of differe

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4

Zhang, Shuqin, Yuan Tang, Liwen Zhang, Qinghua Liao, and Tianyu Zhang. "Variations in Key Factors at Different Explosive Development Stages of an Extreme Explosive Cyclone over the Japan Sea." Atmosphere 14, no. 9 (2023): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091327.

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Explosive cyclones (ECs) occur frequently over the Japan Sea. The most rapidly intensifying EC over the Japan Sea during the 44-year period 1979–2022, in the cold season (October–April), was examined to reveal the variations in the key factors at different explosive development stages. The EC deepened at a maximum deepening rate of 3.07 bergerons and explosive development lasted for 15 h. At the initial moment of explosive development, the EC had distinctive low-level baroclinicity, the low-level water vapor convergence was weak, and mid-level cyclonic vorticity advection was far away from the

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5

Nicholls, M. E., and M. T. Montgomery. "An examination of two pathway to tropical cyclogenesis occurring in idealized simulations with a cloud-resolving numerical model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 1 (2013): 765–825. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-765-2013.

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Abstract. Simulations are conducted with a cloud-resolving numerical model to examine the transformation of a weak incipient mid-level cyclonic vortex into a tropical cyclone. Results demonstrate that two distinct pathways are possible and that development along a particular pathway is sensitive to model physics and initial conditions. One pathway involves a steady increase of the surface winds to tropical cyclone strength as the radius of maximum winds gradually decreases. A notable feature of this evolution is the creation of small-scale lower tropospheric cyclonic vorticity anomalies by dee

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Nicholls, M. E., and M. T. Montgomery. "An examination of two pathways to tropical cyclogenesis occurring in idealized simulations with a cloud-resolving numerical model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 12 (2013): 5999–6022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5999-2013.

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Abstract. Simulations are conducted with a cloud-resolving numerical model to examine the transformation of a weak incipient mid-level cyclonic vortex into a tropical cyclone. Results demonstrate that two distinct pathways are possible and that development along a particular pathway is sensitive to model physics and initial conditions. One pathway involves a steady increase of the surface winds to tropical cyclone strength as the radius of maximum winds gradually decreases. A notable feature of this evolution is the creation of small-scale lower tropospheric cyclonic vorticity anomalies by dee

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Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar, and Stephan Pfahl. "Future changes in North Atlantic winter cyclones in CESM-LE – Part 2: A Lagrangian analysis." Weather and Climate Dynamics 5, no. 1 (2024): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-163-2024.

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Abstract. Future changes in extratropical cyclone structure and dynamics may lead to important impacts but are not yet fully understood. In the first part of this study, we have applied a composite approach together with potential vorticity (PV) inversion to study such changes in the dynamics of North Atlantic cyclones. Here, this is complemented with the help of a Lagrangian perspective, making use of air parcel trajectories to investigate the causes of altered PV anomalies as well as the role that cyclone airstreams play in shaping these changes. Intense cyclones in the extended winter seaso

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8

Evstigneev, Vladislav P., Valentina A. Naumova, Dmitriy Y. Voronin, Pavel N. Kuznetsov, and Svetlana P. Korsakova. "Severe Precipitation Phenomena in Crimea in Relation to Atmospheric Circulation." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (2022): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101712.

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The increase in the frequency and intensity of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena is one of the most dangerous consequences of climate instability. In this study, we summarize the data on severe weather phenomena using the data from 23 meteorological stations in Crimea from 1976 to 2020. Particular attention was paid to the precipitation phenomena descriptions. For the last 45 years, a significant positive trend of interannual variability of the annual occurrence of severe weather phenomena was estimated to be +2.7 cases per decade. The trend for severe precipitation phenomena was estimat

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9

Yang, Y. Q., Q. Hou, C. H. Zhou, H. L. Liu, Y. Q. Wang, and T. Niu. "Sand/dust storms over Northeast Asia and associated large-scale circulations in spring 2006." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 3 (2007): 9259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-9259-2007.

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Abstract. This paper presents a study on the meteorological conditions that accompany the sand/dust storms (SDS) of East Asia in spring 2006, based on the SDS data collected both by WMO during 2000–2006 and by 2456 Chinese surface stations, and on the meteorological reanalysis data from NCEP-NCAR . The evolution of 3-D structures of the general circulations prevailed in both winter and spring as well as their annual anomalies were investigated by comparing the years having most and least occurrences of SDS between 2000 and 2006. It is found that spring 2006 featured a noticeably increased occu

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10

Xu, Li, and Zi-Liang Li. "Impacts of the Wave Train along the Asian Jet on the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (2021): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091227.

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The South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset signifies the commencement of large-scale summer monsoon over East Asia and the western North Pacific (WNP). Previous studies on the influencing factors of the SCSSM onset mainly focus on the tropical systems, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study reveals that the wave train along the Asian jet could act as an extratropical factor to modulate the SCSSM onset, and it is largely independent of ENSO. The SCSSM onset tends to be earlier during the positive phase of the wave train (featured by northerly anomalies over Central

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11

Lu, Ren, and Xiaodong Tang. "Relationship between Early-Stage Features and Lifetime Maximum Intensity of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (2021): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070815.

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The relationship between early-stage features and lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Western North Pacific (WNP) was investigated by ensemble machine learning methods and composite analysis in this study. By selecting key features of TCs’ vortex attributes and environmental conditions, a two-step AdaBoost model demonstrated accuracy of about 75% in distinguishing weak and strong TCs at genesis and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.30 for LMI estimation from the early stage of strong TCs, suggesting an underlying relationship between LMI and early-stage

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12

О.П., ОСИПОВА, та ОСИПОВ Э.Ю. "ВЛИЯНИЕ АТМОСФЕРНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА ДИНАМИКУ ЛЕДНИКОВ КОДАРА". География и природные ресурсы 44, № 4 (2023): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/gipr20230410.

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На основе ежедневных данных о высоте изобарической поверхности 700 гПа (нижняя тропосфера) реанализа NCEP/NCAR выполнена объективная классификация синоптических типов над хр. Кодар (Забайкалье) за период 1970-2020 гг. и исследована сезонная и межгодовая изменчивость повторяемости циклонического и антициклонического типов погоды. Установлено, что на уровне нижней тропосферы над Кодаром доминирует адвективный режим атмосферной циркуляции, а циклонические типы преобладают над антициклоническими во все сезоны, кроме летнего (июнь-август). Выявлено, что за последние 50 лет повторяемость антициклони

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13

Ohtake, Hideaki, Fumichika Uno, Takashi Oozeki, Yoshinori Yamada, Hideaki Takenaka, and Takashi Nakajima. "Outlier Events of Solar Forecasts for Regional Power Grid in Japan Using JMA Mesoscale Model." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102714.

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To realize the safety control of electric power systems under high penetration of photovoltaic power systems, accurate global horizontal irradiance (GHI) forecasts using numerical weather prediction models (NWP) are becoming increasingly important. The objective of this study is to understand meteorological characteristics pertaining to large errors (i.e., outlier events) of GHI day-ahead forecasts obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency, for nine electric power areas during four years from 2014 to 2017. Under outlier events in GHI day-ahead forecasts, several sea-level pressure (SLP) pa

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14

Liu, Xiaobo, Hai Chu, Jun Sun, Wei Zhao, and Qingtao Meng. "A Numerical Simulation of the Development Process of a Mesoscale Convection Complex Causing Severe Rainstorm in the Yangtze River Delta Region behind a Northward Moving Typhoon." Atmosphere 13, no. 3 (2022): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030473.

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In recent years, due to the influence of global warming, extreme weather events occur frequently, such as the continuous heavy precipitation, regional high temperature, super typhoon, etc. Tropical cyclones make frequent landfall, heavy rains and flood disasters caused by landfall typhoons have a huge impact, and typhoon rainstorms are often closely related to mesoscale and small-scale system activities. The application 2020 NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) final operational global analysis data and WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model, version 3.9) mesoscale numeric

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15

Knowland, K. E., R. M. Doherty, and K. I. Hodges. "The effects of springtime mid-latitude storms on trace gas composition determined from the MACC reanalysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 19 (2014): 27093–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-27093-2014.

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Abstract. The relationship between springtime air pollution transport of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) and mid-latitude cyclones is explored for the first time using the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) reanalysis for the period 2003–2012. In this study, the most intense spring storms (95th percentile) are selected for two regions, the North Pacific (NP) and the North Atlantic (NA). These storms (~60 storms over each region) often track over the major emission sources of East Asia and eastern North America. By compositing the storms, the distributions of O3 and CO wi

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Knowland, K. E., R. M. Doherty, and K. I. Hodges. "The effects of springtime mid-latitude storms on trace gas composition determined from the MACC reanalysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 6 (2015): 3605–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3605-2015.

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Abstract. The relationship between springtime air pollution transport of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) and mid-latitude cyclones is explored for the first time using the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) reanalysis for the period 2003–2012. In this study, the most intense spring storms (95th percentile) are selected for two regions, the North Pacific (NP) and the North Atlantic (NA). These storms (∼60 storms over each region) often track over the major emission sources of East Asia and eastern North America. By compositing the storms, the distributions of O3 and CO wi

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17

Lim, Young-Kwon, Siegfried D. Schubert, Oreste Reale, Myong-In Lee, Andrea M. Molod, and Max J. Suarez. "Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclones to Parameterized Convection in the NASA GEOS-5 Model." Journal of Climate 28, no. 2 (2015): 551–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00104.1.

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Abstract The sensitivity of tropical cyclones (TCs) to changes in parameterized convection is investigated to improve the simulation of TCs in the North Atlantic. Specifically, the impact of reducing the influence of the Relaxed Arakawa–Schubert (RAS) scheme-based parameterized convection is explored using the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) model at 0.25° horizontal grid spacing. The years 2005 and 2006, characterized by very active and inactive hurricane seasons, respectively, are selected for simulation. A reduction in parameterized deep convection results in an increase i

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Yamasaki, Masanori. "A Study on the Effects of the Ice Microphysics on Tropical Cyclones." Advances in Meteorology 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/573786.

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The effects of the ice microphysical processes on the development of weak vortices and tropical cyclones (TCs) are examined by numerical experiments with a nonhydrostatic model. Since it has been understood that the ice phase generally enhances the eyewall circulation in strong TCs because of additional heat release and insignificant effect of rainwater evaporation, this study focuses on the development of relatively weak vortices and TCs. Some past studies showed that the development is slower by the effects of the ice phase through cooling due to the melting of snow and graupel, whereas this

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19

Zhou, Tianjiao, Zuowei Xie, Cholaw Bueh, Zongting Gao, and Ziniu Xiao. "Formation of Northeast China Cold Vortices: A Piecewise Tendency Diagnosis." Journal of Climate 38, no. 13 (2025): 3055–74. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0447.1.

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Abstract The northeast China cold vortex (NCCV) is one of the three most frequent regions of cutoff low occurrences in the Northern Hemisphere, inducing severe convective weather and increasing monsoon precipitation in East Asia. Although Rossby wave propagation is widely recognized as a key factor in NCCV development, the physical processes underlying its formation remain unclear. This study investigated the relationship between low-level cyclones and NCCV events using ERA5 reanalysis data from May to August during 1979–2022. A piecewise tendency diagnosis was applied to two NCCV groups, cate

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20

Grams, C. M., H. Binder, S. Pfahl, N. Piaget, and H. Wernli. "Atmospheric processes triggering the central European floods in June 2013." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 7 (2014): 1691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1691-2014.

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Abstract. In June 2013, central Europe was hit by a century flood affecting the Danube and Elbe catchments after a 4 day period of heavy precipitation and causing severe human and economic loss. In this study model analysis and observational data are investigated to reveal the key atmospheric processes that caused the heavy precipitation event. The period preceding the flood was characterised by a weather regime associated with cool and unusual wet conditions resulting from repeated Rossby wave breaking (RWB). During the event a single RWB established a reversed baroclinicity in the low to mid

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Grams, C. M., H. Binder, S. Pfahl, N. Piaget, and H. Wernli. "Atmospheric processes triggering the Central European floods in June 2013." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 1 (2014): 427–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-427-2014.

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Abstract. In June 2013 Central Europe was hit by a century flood affecting the Danube and Elbe catchments after a 4 day period of heavy precipitation and causing severe human and economic loss. In this study model analysis and observational data are investigated to reveal the key atmospheric processes that caused the heavy precipitation event. The period preceeding the flood was characterised by a weather regime associated with cool and unusual wet conditions resulting from repeated Rossby wave breaking (RWB). During the event a single RWB established a reversed baroclinicity in the low to mid

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22

Wang, Danyang, and Yanluan Lin. "Size and Structure of Dry and Moist Reversible Tropical Cyclones." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 6 (2020): 2091–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0229.1.

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Abstract The size and structure of tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated using idealized numerical simulations. Three simulations are conducted: a pure dry TC (DRY), a moist reversible TC (REV) with fallout of hydrometeors in the atmosphere disallowed, and a typical TC (CTL). It was found that the width of the eyewall ascent region and the radius of maximum wind rm are much larger in DRY and REV than those in CTL. This is closely related to the deep inflow layer (~4 km) in DRY and REV associated with a different entropy restoration mechanism under the subsidence region. With the wide ascent

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Yamashita, Yousuke, Masayuki Takigawa, Kentaro Ishijima, et al. "Resolution Dependency of Numerically Simulated Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport Associated with Mid-Latitude Closed Cyclones in Early Spring around Japan." SOLA 13 (2017): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/sola.2017-034.

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Zien, A. W., A. Richter, A. Hilboll, A. M. Blechschmidt, and J. P. Burrows. "Systematic analysis of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> long-range transport events detected in GOME-2 satellite data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 11 (2013): 30945–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-30945-2013.

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Abstract. Intercontinental long-range transport (LRT) events of NO2 relocate the effects of air pollution from emission regions to remote, pristine regions. We detect transported plumes in tropospheric NO2 columns measured by the GOME-2/MetOp-A instrument with a specialized algorithm and trace the plumes to their sources using the HYSPLIT lagrangian transport model. With this algorithm we find 3808 LRT events over the ocean for the period 2007 to 2011. LRT events occur frequently in the mid-latitudes, emerging usually from coastal high-emission regions. In the free troposphere, plumes of NO2 c

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Zien, A. W., A. Richter, A. Hilboll, A. M. Blechschmidt, and J. P. Burrows. "Systematic analysis of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> long-range transport events detected in GOME-2 satellite data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 14 (2014): 7367–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7367-2014.

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Abstract. Intercontinental long-range transport (LRT) events of NO2 relocate the effects of air pollution from emission regions to remote, pristine regions. We detect transported plumes in tropospheric NO2 columns measured by the GOME-2/MetOp-A instrument with a specialized algorithm and trace the plumes to their sources using the HYSPLIT Lagrangian transport model. With this algorithm we find 3808 LRT events over the ocean for the period 2007 to 2011. LRT events occur frequently in the mid-latitudes, emerging usually from coastal high-emission regions. In the free troposphere, plumes of NO2 c

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26

Ryoo, J. M., D. E. Waliser, and E. J. Fetzer. "Trajectory analysis on the origin of air mass and moisture associated with Atmospheric Rivers over the west coast of the United States." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 4 (2011): 11109–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-11109-2011.

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Abstract. The origins and pathways of air masses leading to heavy rainfall over the west coast of the United States are examined by computing the back-trajectories in a Lagrangian quasi-isentropic trajectory model. Extreme precipitation over the west coast of the United States often coincides with transport in a deep and narrow corridor of concentrated water vapor band from the ocean, commonly referred to as Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). They also occur in conjunction with moisture plumes emanating from the tropics, or along the mid-latitude storm track. However, the actual moisture sources and th

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Hegarty, J., H. Mao, and R. Talbot. "Winter- and summertime continental influences on tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> and CO observed by TES over the western North Atlantic Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 8 (2010): 3723–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3723-2010.

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Abstract. The distributions of tropospheric ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO), and the synoptic factors regulating these distributions over the western North Atlantic Ocean during winter and summer were investigated using profile retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) for 2004–2006. Seasonal composites of TES retrievals, reprocessed to remove the influence of the a priori on geographical and seasonal structure, exhibited strong seasonal differences. At the 681 hPa level during winter months of December, January and February (DJF) the composite O3 mixing ratios were unif

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Korty, Robert L., Suzana J. Camargo, and Joseph Galewsky. "Variations in Tropical Cyclone Genesis Factors in Simulations of the Holocene Epoch." Journal of Climate 25, no. 23 (2012): 8196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00033.1.

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Abstract The thermodynamic factors related to tropical cyclone genesis are examined in several simulations of the middle part of the Holocene epoch when the precession of Earth’s orbit altered the seasonal distribution of solar radiation and in one transient simulation of the millennium preceding the industrial era. The thermodynamic properties most crucial for genesis display a broad stability across both periods, although both orbital variations during the mid-Holocene (MH) 6000 years ago (6ka) and volcanic eruptions in the transient simulation have detectable effects. It is shown that the d

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Milrad, Shawn M., Eyad H. Atallah, John R. Gyakum, Rachael N. Isphording, and Jonathon Klepatzki. "The Extreme Precipitation Index (EPI): A Coupled Dynamic–Thermodynamic Metric to Diagnose Midlatitude Floods Associated with Flow Reversal." Weather and Forecasting 34, no. 5 (2019): 1257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0156.1.

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Abstract The extreme precipitation index (EPI) is a coupled dynamic–thermodynamic metric that can diagnose extreme precipitation events associated with flow reversal in the mid- to upper troposphere (e.g., Rex and omega blocks, cutoff cyclones, Rossby wave breaks). Recent billion dollar (U.S. dollars) floods across the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes were associated with flow reversal, as long-duration ascent (dynamics) occurred in the presence of anomalously warm and moist air (thermodynamics). The EPI can detect this potent combination of ingredients and offers advantages over model precipi

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Luan, Y., and L. Jaeglé. "Composite study of aerosol export events from East Asia and North America." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 8 (2012): 21977–2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-21977-2012.

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Abstract. We use satellite observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) together with the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model to contrast export of aerosols from East Asia and North America during 2004–2010. The GEOS-Chem model reproduces the spatial distribution and temporal variations of Asian aerosol outflow generally well, although a low bias (−30%) is found in the model fine mode AOD. We use the model to identify 244 aerosol pollution export events from E. Asia and 251 export events from N. America over our 7-yr study period.

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Joos, Hanna, Michael Sprenger, Hanin Binder, Urs Beyerle, and Heini Wernli. "Warm conveyor belts in present-day and future climate simulations – Part 1: Climatology and impacts." Weather and Climate Dynamics 4, no. 1 (2023): 133–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-133-2023.

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Abstract. This study investigates how warm conveyor belts (WCBs) will change in a future climate. WCBs are strongly ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones that are responsible for most of their precipitation. In conjunction with the cloud formation, latent heat is released, which has an impact on the potential vorticity distribution and therefore on the atmospheric circulation in the middle and upper troposphere. Because of these and other impacts of WCBs, it is of great importance to investigate changes in their frequencies, regions of occurrence, and physical characteristics in a war

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Papritz, Lukas, David Hauswirth, and Katharina Hartmuth. "Moisture origin, transport pathways, and driving processes of intense wintertime moisture transport into the Arctic." Weather and Climate Dynamics 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1-2022.

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Abstract. A substantial portion of the moisture transport into the Arctic occurs in episodic, high-amplitude events with strong impacts on the Arctic's climate system components such as sea ice. This study focuses on the origin of such moist-air intrusions during winter and examines the moisture sources, moisture transport pathways, and their linkage to the driving large-scale circulation patterns. For that purpose, 597 moist-air intrusions, defined as daily events of intense (exceeding the 90th anomaly percentile) zonal mean moisture transport into the polar cap (≥70∘ N), are identified. Kine

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Deng, Kaiqiang, Song Yang, Mingfang Ting, Chundi Hu, and Mengmeng Lu. "Variations of the Mid-Pacific Trough and Their Relations to the Asian–Pacific–North American Climate: Roles of Tropical Sea Surface Temperature and Arctic Sea Ice." Journal of Climate 31, no. 6 (2018): 2233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0064.1.

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The mid-Pacific trough (MPT), occurring in the upper troposphere during boreal summer, acts as an atmospheric bridge connecting the climate variations over Asia, the Pacific, and North America. The first (second) mode of empirical orthogonal function analysis of the MPT, which accounts for 20.3% (13.4%) of the total variance, reflects a change in its intensity on the southwestern (northeastern) portion of the trough. Both modes are significantly correlated with the variability of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). Moreover, the first mode is affected by Atlantic SST via planetary

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Luan, Y., and L. Jaeglé. "Composite study of aerosol export events from East Asia and North America." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 3 (2013): 1221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1221-2013.

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Abstract. We use satellite observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) together with the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model to contrast export of aerosols from East Asia and North America during 2004–2010. The GEOS-Chem model reproduces the spatial distribution and temporal variations of Asian aerosol outflow generally well, although a low bias (−30%) is found in the model fine mode AOD, particularly during summer. We use the model to identify 244 aerosol pollution export events from E. Asia and 251 export events from N. America

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Soldatenko. "Estimated Impacts of Climate Change on Eddy Meridional Moisture Transport in the Atmosphere." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (2019): 4992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9234992.

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Research findings suggest that water (hydrological) cycle of the earth intensifies in response to climate change, since the amount of water that evaporates from the ocean and land to the atmosphere and the total water content in the air will increase with temperature. In addition, climate change affects the large-scale atmospheric circulation by, for example, altering the characteristics of extratropical transient eddies (cyclones), which play a dominant role in the meridional transport of heat, moisture, and momentum from tropical to polar latitudes. Thus, climate change also affects the plan

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SURESH, R., S. K. KUNDU, A. K. BHATNAGAR, and R. C. BHATIA. "On forecasting tracks of tropical disturbances using ATOVS data over Bay of Bengal." MAUSAM 57, no. 4 (2021): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i4.500.

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lkj &,d m".kdfVca/kh; vonkc ds thou pØ ds vkadMs+ rFkk nks m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrh rwQkuksa ds o"kZ 2002&03 dh vof/k ds vkadMs+ mPp Vh- vks- oh- ,l- ¼,- Vh- vks- oh- ,l-½ /kzqod{kh; mixzgksa ,u- vks- ,- , 15 rFkk 16] ftuesa mPp lw{e rjaxh; ifjKkiu bdkbZ ¼,- ,e- ,l- ;w½ yxh gqbZ gaS ls izkIr fd, x, gSa ftudk fo’ys"k.k bu rwQkuksa ds ekxZ dk iwokZuqeku djus ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA bu ekSle fo{kksHkksa ds 700&400 gsDVkikLdy ¼gs-ik-½ Lrj esa e/; {kksHkeaMyh; m".krk e/; Lrjh ckfgokZg ds dkj.k gksrh gS tks rwQku ds 200&700 fd-eh- vkxs rd foLrkfjr gksrh gS rFkk fo{kksHkksa dh xfr’khyrk dk dj

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Riemer, M., M. T. Montgomery, and M. E. Nicholls. "A new paradigm for intensity modification of tropical cyclones: thermodynamic impact of vertical wind shear on the inflow layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (2009): 10711–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-10711-2009.

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Abstract. An important roadblock to improved intensity forecasts for tropical cyclones (TCs) is our incomplete understanding of the interaction of a TC with the environmental flow. In this paper we re-visit the classical idealised numerical experiment of tropical cyclones (TCs) in vertical wind shear on an f-plane. We employ a set of simplified model physics – a simple bulk aerodynamic boundary layer scheme and "warm rain" microphysics – to foster better understanding of the dynamics and thermodynamics that govern the modification of TC intensity. A suite of experiments is performed with inten

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Riemer, M., and M. T. Montgomery. "Simple kinematic models for the environmental interaction of tropical cyclones in vertical wind shear." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 17 (2011): 9395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9395-2011.

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Abstract. A major impediment to the intensity forecast of tropical cyclones (TCs) is believed to be associated with the interaction of TCs with dry environmental air. However, the conditions under which pronounced TC-environment interaction takes place are not well understood. As a step towards improving our understanding of this problem, we analyze here the flow topology of a TC immersed in an environment of vertical wind shear in an idealized, three-dimensional, convection-permitting numerical experiment. A set of distinct streamlines, the so-called manifolds, can be identified under the ass

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Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta, René Laprise, and Philippe Gachon. "Analysis of the Development Mechanisms of a Polar Low over the Norwegian Sea Simulated with the Canadian Regional Climate Model." Atmosphere 14, no. 6 (2023): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060998.

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Polar lows (PLs) are maritime mesoscale cyclones associated with severe weather. They develop during marine cold air outbreaks near coastlines and the sea ice edge. Unfortunately, our knowledge about the mechanisms leading to PL development is still incomplete. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis of the development mechanisms of a PL that formed over the Norwegian Sea on 25 March 2019 using the output of a simulation with the sixth version of the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM6/GEM4), a convection-permitting model. First, the life cycle of the PL is described and the vertical

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Qiu, Wenyu, Liguang Wu, and Fumin Ren. "Monsoonal Influences on Offshore Rapid Intensification of Landfalling Typhoons in a Sheared Environment over the South China Sea." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 2 (2020): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0134.1.

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Abstract Tropical cyclones (TCs) formed in the western North Pacific and South China Sea can undergo rapid intensification (RI) shortly before making landfall in China. Forecasting such offshore RI is a great challenge in operations. In this study the offshore RI events in a sheared environment are examined for TCs that made landfall in China during 1979–2017. It is found that there were only three offshore RI events in a sheared environment, all of which occurred to the south of Hainan Island within the monsoon trough in early to mid-July, coinciding with the termination of the mei-yu season.

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Hong, Tang-Xun, Ching-Yuang Huang, Chen-Yang Lin, Guo-Yuan Lien, Zih-Mao Huang, and Shu-Ya Chen. "Impacts of GNSS RO Data on Typhoon Forecasts Using Global FV3GFS with GSI 4DEnVar." Atmosphere 14, no. 4 (2023): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040735.

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The FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 satellites were launched in 2019, which can provide considerably larger amounts of radio occultation (RO) observations than the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites. The radio signals emitted from the global navigation satellites system (GNSS) are received by these low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to provide the so-called bending angle accounting for bending of the rays after penetrating through the atmosphere. Deeper RO observations can be retrieved from FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 for use in RO data assimilation to improve forecasts of tropical cyclones. This study used the global mo

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Reid, J. S., N. D. Lagrosas, H. H. Jonsson, et al. "Observations of the temporal variability in aerosol properties and their relationships to meteorology in the summer monsoonal South China Sea/East Sea: the scale-dependent role of monsoonal flows, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, tropical cyclones, squall lines and cold pools." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 4 (2015): 1745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1745-2015.

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Abstract. In a joint NRL/Manila Observatory mission, as part of the Seven SouthEast Asian Studies program (7-SEAS), a 2-week, late September 2011 research cruise in the northern Palawan archipelago was undertaken to observe the nature of southwest monsoonal aerosol particles in the South China Sea/East Sea (SCS/ES) and Sulu Sea region. Previous analyses suggested this region as a receptor for biomass burning from Borneo and Sumatra for boundary layer air entering the monsoonal trough. Anthropogenic pollution and biofuel emissions are also ubiquitous, as is heavy shipping traffic. Here, we prov

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Stathopoulos, Christos, Ioannis Chaniotis, and Platon Patlakas. "Assimilating Aeolus Satellite Wind Data on a Regional Level: Application in a Mediterranean Cyclone Using the WRF Model." Atmosphere 14, no. 12 (2023): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14121811.

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This study uses a limited area model to improve the understanding of assimilating Aeolus Level 2B wind profiles on a regional level under severe weather conditions. Aeolus wind profile measurements have offered new insights into weather analysis and applications. The assimilation of Aeolus Level 2B winds has enhanced the observed state of the atmosphere spatially and temporally in global modeling systems. This work is focused on the development and evolution of a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone that occurred between 27–30 September 2018. Aeolus coverage had a good spatial and temporal alig

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Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar, Olivia Martius, and Julian Quinting. "On the role of moist and dry processes in atmospheric blocking biases in the Euro-Atlantic region in CMIP6." Weather and Climate Dynamics 6, no. 2 (2025): 471–87. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-471-2025.

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Abstract. Synoptic- and large-scale features of atmospheric flow such as extratropical cyclones, Rossby wave packets, and atmospheric blocking modulate mid-latitude weather and climate. However, several studies have shown strong biases in the frequency and location of these features in state-of-the-art global climate models. One notable and persistent bias is an underestimation of the atmospheric blocking frequency in the Euro-Atlantic region. In this study, we validate the representation of synoptic- and large-scale features of the North Atlantic flow in eight climate models of the Coupled Mo

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Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar, Olivia Martius, and Julian Quinting. "On the role of moist and dry processes in atmospheric blocking biases in the Euro-Atlantic region in CMIP6." Weather and Climate Dynamics 6, no. 2 (2025): 471–87. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-471-2025.

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Abstract Synoptic- and large-scale features of atmospheric flow such as extratropical cyclones, Rossby wave packets, and atmospheric blocking modulate mid-latitude weather and climate. However, several studies have shown strong biases in the frequency and location of these features in state-of-the-art global climate models. One notable and persistent bias is an underestimation of the atmospheric blocking frequency in the Euro-Atlantic region. In this study, we validate the representation of synoptic- and large-scale features of the North Atlantic flow in eight climate models of the Coupled Mod

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Wang, Yuan, Lifeng Zhang, Jun Peng, and Saisai Liu. "Mesoscale Horizontal Kinetic Energy Spectra of a Tropical Cyclone." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 10 (2018): 3579–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0391.1.

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A high-resolution cloud-permitting simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is performed to investigate the mesoscale horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) spectra of a tropical cyclone (TC). The spectrum displays an arc-like shape in the troposphere and a quasi-linear shape in the lower stratosphere for wavelengths below 500 km during the mature period of the TC, while they both develop a quasi −5/3 slope. The total HKE spectrum is dominated by its rotational component in the troposphere but by its divergent component in the lower stratosphere. Further spectral HKE budget di

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Prieto, Raidel Báez, and Mateus Da Silva Teixeira. "ANÁLISIS SINÓPTICO DE UN EVENTO EXTREMO Y PERSISTENTE DE LLUVIA SOBRE EL ESTADO DE RÍO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL, EN MAYO DE 2004." Ciência e Natura 38, no. 2 (2016): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x21265.

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Between 04 to 09 May 2004, part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil; have recorded rainfall above 300mm. The east region of this state, mainly on the coast, had the highest rainfall accumulation occurred. A synoptic analysis of this period has shown a persistent trough west of RS in high and middle levels of troposphere, in the first three days of this event. This trough started a cyclonic vortice in the mid-low-tropospheric levels in the following days. The upward movement associated with this trough stayed semi-stationary over the state of RS and acted in almost entire tropospheri

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Zhu, Jinyao, Xin Jin, Chunhua Shi, and Dan Chen. "The Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Transport Caused by a Rossby Wave Breaking Event over the Tibetan Plateau in Mid-March 2006." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010155.

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Based on reanalysis data, satellite ozone concentration observations, and a Lagrangian trajectory simulation, a Rossby wave breaking (RWB) event and its effect on stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) over the Tibetan Plateau in mid-March 2006 were investigated. Results showed that the increased eddy heat flux from the subtropical westerly jet magnified the amplitude of the Rossby wave, which contributed to the occurrence of the cyclonic RWB event. The quasi-horizontal cyclonic motion of the isentropic potential vorticity in the RWB cut the tropical tropospheric air mass into the extratropic

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Fudeyasu, Hironori, and Yuqing Wang. "Balanced Contribution to the Intensification of a Tropical Cyclone Simulated in TCM4: Outer-Core Spinup Process*." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 3 (2011): 430–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3523.1.

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Abstract The balanced contribution to the intensification of a tropical cyclone simulated in the three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic, full-physics tropical cyclone model version 4 (TCM4), in particular the spinup of the outer-core circulation, is investigated by solving the Sawyer–Eliassen equation and by computing terms in the azimuthal-mean tangential wind tendency equation. Results demonstrate that the azimuthal-mean secondary circulation (radial and vertical circulation) and the spinup of the midtropospheric outer-core circulation in the simulated tropical cyclone are well captured by balanc

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Wang, Xiaokang, Xiquan Dong, Yi Deng, Chunguang Cui, Rong Wan, and Wenjun Cui. "Contrasting Pre-Mei-Yu and Mei-Yu Extreme Precipitation in the Yangtze River Valley: Influencing Systems and Precipitation Mechanisms." Journal of Hydrometeorology 20, no. 9 (2019): 1961–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-18-0240.1.

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Abstract The mei-yu season over the Yangtze–Huai Rivers basin, typically occurring from mid-June to mid-July, is one of three heavy-rainfall periods over China and can contribute 50% of the annual precipitation. In this study, the first and second heaviest daily precipitation events at the Wuhan station have been selected to represent typical mei-yu and pre-mei-yu precipitation events where the differences in the atmospheric thermodynamic characteristics, precipitation nature, influencing systems, and mechanisms are investigated. During the mei-yu case, moist air mainly came from the South Chi

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